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Archaeology South-East ASE Archaeology South-East ASE TUMBLING BAY COTTAGE, OFF STAR STREET, WARE SG12 7AW HISTORIC BUILDING RECORD NGR: 536371 214077 Commissioned by The Canal & River Trust TUMBLING BAY COTTAGE, OFF STAR STREET, WARE, SG12 7AN HISTORIC BUILDING RECORD NGR: 536371 214077 ASE Project No: 200358 Site Code: TUB20 ASE Report No: 2020153 OASIS id: archaeol6-400536 Prepared by: Susan Chandler Archaeologist Reviewed and Amy Williamson Project Manager approved by: Date of Issue: September 2020 Version: 2 Archaeology South-East Units 1 & 2 2 Chapel Place Portslade East Sussex BN41 1DR Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record SUMMARY In July 2020 Archaeology South-East (a division of the UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology) carried out a historic building record at Tumbling Bay Cottage, off Star Street, Ware, SG12 7AN (NGR 536371 214077). The work was commissioned by the Canal & River Trust. Tumbling Bay Cottage was constructed to provide accommodation for the weir keeper at Ware Weir. The weir separates the course of the River Lea and the River Lee Navigation and allows the flow of water between the two to be regulated. At the time of its construction in 1886, the cottage would have provided simple accommodation considered suitable for the role of weir keeper. The cottage was situated to provide the best views of the weir and the Navigation, which would have allowed the keeper to constantly monitor the water levels. With the exception of a small extension added to the rear, the cottage has escaped substantial modernisation. Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record CONTENTS List of figures List of plates 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Scope and methodology 3.0 Site location 4.0 Relevant designations 5.0 Historic background and cartographic evidence 6.0 Description of the building 7.0 Discussion 8.0 Deposition of the archive 9.0 Acknowledgements 10.0 Bibliography Figures Plates Appendix 1: OASIS form Appendix 2: Index of digital photographs Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Site location Figure 2: Site plan Figure 3: Elevations and section of the ‘new’ cottage Figure 4: Ordnance Survey map, 1883-4 Figure 5: Ordnance Survey map, 1899 Figure 6: Ground floor plan and photograph locations Figure 7: First floor plan and photograph locations Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Tumbling Bay Cottage and adjacent weir, alongside the River Lee Navigation (TUB20- 0102) Plate 2: Tumbling Bay Cottage and adjacent weir, showing the River Lee Navigation discharging into the River Lea (TUB20-0096) Plate 3: An example of the decorative ventilation brick course (TUB20-0069) Plate 4: South-west elevation showing bay window providing good views over the canal (TUB20-0062) Plate 5: Example view provided by the bay window, (taken just outside the building) looking west towards the town (TUB20-0088) Plate 6: South-east elevation (TUB20-0025) Plate 7: The north-west elevation (TUB20-0068) Plate 8: View of the weir and River Lea from the north-west elevation (TUB20-0081) Plate 9: North-west elevation of the later addition (TUB20-0073) Plate 10: South-east elevation of the later addition (TUB20-0057) Plate 11: Interior of the porch (TUB20-0009) Plate 12: Entrance hallway and stairs (TUB20-0022) Plate 13: Ground floor, room to south-west of the staircase showing bay window (TUB20-0013) Plate 14: Ground floor, room to south-west of the staircase - detail of fireplace and skirting boards (TUB20-0016) Plate 15: Ground floor, room to the north-east of the stair (TUB20-0002) Plate 16: Ground floor addition, entrance passage (TUB0026) Plate 17: Ground floor addition, waste disposal room window (TUB20-0030) Plate 18: First floor, the landing viewed from the room to the south-west (TUB20-0040) Plate 19: Cupboard within bedroom to south-west of the stair (TUB20-0038) Plate 20: Fireplace within bedroom to south-west of the stair (TUB20-0035) Plate 21: First floor room to north-east of the stair (TUB20-0044) Plate 22: Loft hatch showing roof construction (TUB20-044) Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 In July 2020, Archaeology South-East (a division of the Centre for Applied Archaeology, UCL) carried out a historic building record of Tumbling Bay Cottage, off Star Street, Ware, SG12 7AW (Figures 1 & 2; NGR 536371 214077). The work was carried out at the request of the Canal & River Trust to satisfy a condition of its sale. 1.2 The cottage was constructed in the 1880s to provide accommodation for a weir keeper charged with managing the Ware Weir on the River Lee Navigation, where it divides from the River Lea. 2.0 SCOPE & METHODOLOGY 2.1 The historic building recording work involved surveying Tumbling Bay Cottage to Level 2 as defined by Historic England (2016). 2.2 The site was visited by Susan Chandler and Amy Williamson on 27th July 2020 to carry out the survey work. This entailed the production of a written, drawn and photographic record. The photographic record includes general external and internal elevations, setting, surviving architectural details, fixtures and fittings. An index of the digital photography is included as an appendix to this report and a selection of the photographs reproduced as plates. 2.3 The drawn record comprises a location plan and measured floor plans, which were produced on site as part of the survey. The floor plans have been reproduced as Figures 6 and 7. 3.0 SITE LOCATION 3.1 The site is located on the eastern outskirts of the town of Ware in Hertfordshire (Figures 1 & 2). The cottage is situated on a spit of land between the River Lea, which extends to the north of the building and the canalised River Lee Navigation, which passes to the south-west. It is positioned at the southern end of a weir between the two bodies of water, which controls a drop in level from the River Lee Navigation to the River Lea. 4.0 RELEVANT DESIGNATIONS 4.1 The building is neither listed, nor located within a conservation area. 5.0 HISTORIC BACKGROUND AND CARTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE 5.1 The following description of the development of the site is drawn from information available online, primarily from the ‘Lee and Stort’ website1 and cartographic sources. The Ordnance Survey mapping reproduced in this report was obtained from Promap, while additional maps were consulted at Edina Digimap. The Lee and Stort website has tabulated information from a number of sources such as the 1 http://www.leeandstort.co.uk/Ware_Weir.htm, accessed 3rd August 2020 Archaeology South-East Tumbling Bay Cottage, Ware Historic Building Record National Archive (NA), relating to the weir and its keepers. This information is reproduced below as Table 1. 5.2 The River Lea is a tributary of the River Thames, whose source lies in the Chiltern Hills north of Luton in Bedfordshire; it enters the Thames near Bromley-by-Bow in the London borough of Tower Hamlets. The navigable part of the river, which extends between Hertford and London, was canalised following an Act of Parliament passed in 1767, following recommendations by engineers John Smeaton and Thomas Yeoman.2 5.3 Although there has been a weir at Ware since at least 1725,3 it has been in its present location only since 1771.4 The existing weir-keeper’s dwelling, was constructed in the location of a previous cottage, which served the same purpose. An inspection record relating to the weir and cottage in 1886 stated ‘Cottage very bad, question as to repair or rebuilding’,5 while the first inspection record relating to the new dwelling dates to 1888. The Lee and Stort website provides a date of 1886 for its construction.6 5.4 Elevation drawings for the proposed new dwelling held at the London Metropolitan Archives, and available on the Lee and Stort website, have been reproduced here as Figure 3. These provide a fairly accurate representation of the structure, but are not quite as built, since the main entrance is positioned on the opposite side of the building to that shown. 5.5 The 25ʺ Ordnance Survey map of 1883-4 (Figure 4), identifies the site as Tumbling Bay, a ‘tumbling bay’ being a general term for an overfall or weir in a canal. It shows the previous dwelling located in approximately the same position as the extant structure, albeit to an L-plan footprint. The more detailed 1:528 scale Ordnance Survey town plan (not reproduced) also shows a small structure, perhaps a privy, located a short distance to the north-east.7 The dwelling is shown within an irregularly shaped plot, bordered by the River Lee Navigation to the south-west and the River Lea to the north; the weir is visible to the north-west. A path is shown leading southwards from the property to a footbridge over the cut. 5.6 The Ordnance Survey map of 1899 (Figure 5), shows the replacement dwelling, which was built to a rectangular footprint on a north-east to south-west alignment. A more detailed edition of the Ordnance Survey mapping, dating to 1898 available at Edina Digimap (not reproduced), shows a more accurate depiction of the building footprint, which comprised a rectangular block, with small projection (porch) on the south-east side, and a smaller detached building of rectangular footprint, close-by to the north-east. Subsequent mapping shows no alterations to this layout, although the 1:1250 map of 1973 shows a further small detached outbuilding located close to the north-west elevation of the main structure.
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