9K38 Igla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1

9K38Igla

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The 9K38 Igla (Russian:9К38«Игла́»; Igla English: needle)isaRussian/Sovietman- portableinfraredhomingsurface-to-airmissile (SAM)."9K38"istheRussianGRAU designationofthesystem.ItsUSDoD Type short-rangeanti-airmissile designationis SA-18 andNATOreporting Servicehistory nameis Grouse. In service 1983 Productionhistory Contents Manufacturer KBM Unit cost USD60,000–80,000(asof2003) 1History Specifications 1.1Igla-1 Weight 10.8kg 1.2Igla Length 1.574m 2Othervariants Diameter 72mm 3Comparisoncharttoother MANPADS Warhead 1.17kgwith390gexplosive 4UseinallegedplotagainstAirForce Detonation contactandgrazingfuzes One mechanism 5Operators 5.1Igla-1E(SA-16) Engine solidfuelrocketmotor 5.2Igla(SA-18) Operational 5.2km 6Otheruses range Flightceiling 3.5km Speed 700m/s,aboutMach2 History Guidance twocolorinfrared system DevelopmentoftheIglashort-rangeman- portableairdefencemissile(MANPADS) beganintheKolomnaOKBin1971.Contrarytowhatiscommonlyreported,theIglaisnotan improvedversionoftheearlierStrelafamily(Strela-2/SA-7andStrela-3/SA-14),butanallnew project.Themaingoalsweretocreateamissilewithbetterresistancetocountermeasuresand widerengagementenvelopethantheearlierStrelaseriesMANPADSsystems.

Technicaldifficultiesinthedevelopmentquicklymadeitobviousthatthedevelopmentwouldtake farlongerthananticipatedhowever,andin1978theprogramsplitintwo:whilethedevelopment of thefull-capabilityIglawouldcontinue,asimplifiedversion(Igla-1)withasimplerIRseekerbased onthatoftheearlierStrela-3/SA-14wouldbedevelopedtoenterserviceearlierthanthefull- capabilityversioncouldbefinished.

Igla-1

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The9K310Igla-1system(NATOreporting nameSA-16Gimlet)andits9M313missile wereacceptedintoserviceintheSovietarmy on11March1981.Maindifferencesfromthe Strela-3includedanoptionalIFF (Identification-Friend-or-Foe)systemto preventfiringonfriendlyaircraft,anautomatic leadandsuperelevationtosimplifyshooting andreduceminimumfiringrange,aslightly largerrocket,reduceddragandbetter OnthetopaSA-18(Igla),launchtubeand guidancesystemextendmaximumrangeand gripstick.BelowisaSA-16(Igla-1)missileand improveperformanceagainstfastand launchtube. maneuverabletargets,animprovedlethalityon targetachievedbyacombinationofdelayed impactfusing,terminalmaneuvertohitthefuselageratherthanjetnozzle,andanadditionalcharge tosetofftheremainingrocketfuel(ifany)onimpact,animprovedresistancetoinfrared countermeasures(bothdecoyflaresandALQ-144seriesjammingemitters),aslightlyimproved seekersensitivity.

Accordingtothemanufacturer,SouthAfricantestshaveshowntheIgla'ssuperiorityoverthe contemporary(1982serviceentry)butsmallerandlighterAmericanFIM-92AStingermissile. However,othertestsinCroatiadidnotsupportanyclearsuperiority,buteffectivelyequalseeker performanceandonlymarginallyshortertimeofflightandlongerrangefortheIgla.

AccordingtoKolomnaOKB,theIgla-1hasaP (probabilityofkill)of0.30to0.48against k unprotectedtargetswhichisreducedto0.24inthepresenceofdecoyflaresandjamming.In anotherreportthemanufacturerclaimedaP of0.59againstanapproachingand0.44against k recedingF-4PhantomIIfighternotemployinginfraredcountermeasuresorevasivemanoeuvers.

Igla

Thefull-capability9K38Igla(NATOreporting nameSA-18Grouse)with9M39missilewas finallyacceptedtoserviceintheSovietArmy in1983.ThemainimprovementsovertheIgla- 1includesamuchimprovedresistanceagainst flaresandjamming,amoresensitiveseeker, expandingforward-hemisphereengagement capabilitytoincludestraight-approaching fighters(all-aspectcapability)underfavourable circumstances,aslightlylongerrange,anda higher-impulse,shorter-burningrocketwith higherpeakvelocity(butapproximatelysame timeofflighttomaximumrange),anda AsoldierwithanIgla-1launcher.Photoby propellantthatperformsashighexplosive GulfLINK. whendetonatedbythewarhead'ssecondary chargeonimpact.

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TestsinFinlandhaveshownthatcomparedtotheFrenchMistral,the9K38Iglahasinferiorrange andseekersensitivityandsmallerwarhead,butsuperiorresistancetocountermeasures.

Thenavalvariantof9K38IglahastheNATOreportingname(NATOSA-N-10Grouse). Othervariants

SeveralvariantsoftheIglaweredevelopedforspecific applications:

Igla-1E Exportversion. Igla-1M Improvedversionof9K38Igla.EnteredserviceinSoviet Militaryduringlate1980s. Igla-1D Aversionforparatroopersandspecialforceswith separatelaunchtubeandmissile. Igla-1V Air-launchedversion,mainlyforcombathelicopters. Igla-1N Dualmountforthe Igla Aversionwithheavierwarheadatthecostofaslight reductioninrangeandspeed. Igla-1A Exportversion? Igla-1S Thenewestvariant,whichisasubstantiallyimprovedvariantwithlongerrange,more sensitiveseeker,improvedresistancetolatestcountermeasures,andaheavierwarhead.

ComparisoncharttootherMANPADS

FIM-92A 9K34Strela-3 9K38Igla 9K310Igla-1 Stinger Serviceentry 1974 1983 1981 1982 Weight, 16.0kg 17.9kg 17.9kg 14.3kg fullsystem, (35.2lb) (39.5lb) (39.5lb) (31.5lb) readytoshoot 10.3kg 10.8kg 10.8kg 10.1kg Weight,missile (22.7lb) (23.8lb) (23.8lb) (22.3lb) 1.17kg(2.6lb), 1.17kg(2.6lb), 1.17kg(2.6lb), 2–3kg(4–6lb), Weight,warhead 390g(13.75oz) 390g(13.75oz) 390g(13.75oz) 450g(15.9oz) HMX HMX HMX HE Directed-energy Directed-energy Directed-energy Annularblast Warheadtype blast blast blastfragmentation fragmentation fragmentation fragmentation

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Delayedimpact, Delayedimpact, Impactand Fuzetype magneticand magneticand Delayedimpact. grazingfuze. grazing. grazing. 600m/s(1350 570m/s(1280 700m/s(1500 Flightspeed, 470m/s(1050 mph) mph)sustained mph) average/peak mph)sustained /800m/s(1800 (in+15C /750m/s(1700 mph) temperature) mph) 4500–4800m 4100m 5200m 5000m Maximumrange (14,800–15,700 (13,500ft) (17,000ft) (16,400ft) ft) Maximumtarget 260m/s(580 360m/s(805 360m/s(805mph)? speed,receding mph) mph) Maximumtarget 310m/s(690 320m/s(715 320m/s(715mph)? speed,approaching mph) mph) Nitrogen-cooled, Indium Nitrogen-cooled, Argon-cooled, Nitrogen-cooled, antimonide(InSb) Seekerheadtype Indiumantimonide Indium leadsulfide(PbS) and (InSb) antimonide(InSb) uncooledlead sulfide(PbS) Seekerscanning FM-modulated FM-modulated FM-modulated FM-modulated Tripod-mounted Aerospiketo nosecone reduce Seekernotes toreduce supersonicwave supersonicwave drag drag

UseinallegedplotagainstAirForceOne

OnAugust12,2003,asaresultofastingoperation arrangedasaresultofcooperationbetween theAmerican,BritishandRussianintelligenceagencies,HemantLakhani,aBritishnational,was interceptedattemptingtobringwhathehadthoughtwasanolder-generationIglaintotheUSA.He issaidtohaveintendedthemissiletobeusedinanattackonAirForceOne,theAmerican presidentialplane,oronacommercialUSairliner,andisunderstoodtohaveplannedtobuy50 moreoftheseweapons.

Allegedly,aftertheFederalnayaSluzhbaBezopasnosti(FSB)detectedthedealerinRussia,hewas approachedbyUSundercoveragentsposingasterroristswantingtoshootdownacommercial plane.Hewasthenprovidedwithanon-workingIglabyundercoverRussianagents,andarrestedin Newark,NewJersey,whenmakingthedeliverytotheundercoverUSagent.AnIndiancitizen residinginMalaysia,MoinuddeenAhmedHameedandanAmericanYehudaAbrahamwho allegedlyprovidedmoneytobuythemissilewerealsoarrested. Operators

IglaandIgla-1SAMshavebeenexportedfromtheformerSovietUniontoover30countries, includingAngola,BosniaandHerzegovina,,,,,,Czech

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Republic,EastGermany,,,,,,,,Macedonia,, ,Montenegro,,NorthKorea,,,,,,, SouthKorea,Syria,,UnitedArabEmirates,andZimbabwe.Severalguerrillaandterrorist organizationsarealsoknowntohaveIglas.AllegedOperativesoftheLiberationTigersofTamil EelamarebelorganizationfightingforahomelandforTamilsintheislandofSriLankawere arrestedinAugust2006byundercoveragentsoftheFBIposingasarmsdealers,whiletryingto purchasetheIgla.In2003theunitcostwasapproximatelyUSD60,000-80,000.

Igla-1E(SA-16)

Angola Botswana Bulgaria Croatia Cuba Finland-knownas ItO86 Hungary Iran Iraq NorthKorea SouthKorea Montenegro Peru Poland Slovakia Slovenia SovietUnion Syria UnitedArabEmirates

Igla(SA-18)

Brazil Bulgaria CzechRepublic Egypt Eritrea Finland-knownas ItO-86M Hungary India Iran Macedonia Malaysia Mexico-MexicanNavy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igla 03-Jun-08 09:20:56 9K38 Igla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 6

Morocco Help us provide free content to the world by donating today! Peru Serbia Singapore Slovakia SovietUnion Armenia Russia Ukraine Syria Turkey

Otheruses

TheGLLIglaisarecentRussianscramjetprojectconductedbyTsIAM.

RussianandformerSovietsurface-to-airmissiles TheSAdesignationsequence:

SA-1Guild|SA-2Guideline|SA-3Goa|SA-N-3Goblet|SA-4Ganef|SA-5Gammon|SA-6Gainful|SA-7Grail SA-8Gecko|SA-9Gaskin|SA-10Grumble|SA-11Gadfly|SA-12Gladiator/Giant|SA-13Gopher|SA-14Gremlin SA-15Gauntlet|SA-16Gimlet |SA-17Grizzly|SA-18Grouse |SA-19Grison|SA-20Gargoyle|SA-21Growler SA-22Greyhound|SA-23|SA-24Grinch |

ListofRussianandformerSovietmissiles

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