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ISSUE 5 AADH05 OFC+Spine.Indd 1 the Mortar Company
ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE ARTILLERY ISSUE 5 HANDBOOK HANDBOOK – ISSUE 5 PUBLISHED MARCH 2018 THE CONCISE GLOBAL INDUSTRY GUIDE ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE AADH05_OFC+spine.indd 1 3/16/2018 10:18:59 AM The Mortar Company. CONFRAG® CONTROLS – THE NEW HIGH EXPLOSIVE STANDARD HDS has developed CONFRAG® technology to increase the lethal performance of the stan- dard High Explosive granade for 60 mm CDO, 60 mm, 81 mm and 120 mm dramatically. The HE lethality is increased by controlling fragmentation mass and quantity, fragment velocity and fragment distribution, all controlled by CONFRAG® technology. hds.hirtenberger.com AADH05_IFC_Hirtenberger.indd 2 3/16/2018 9:58:03 AM CONTENTS Editor 3 Introduction Tony Skinner. [email protected] Grant Turnbull, Editor of Land Warfare International magazine, welcomes readers to Reference Editors Issue 5 of Shephard Media’s Artillery and Air Defence Handbook. Ben Brook. [email protected] 4 Self-propelled howitzers Karima Thibou. [email protected] A guide to self-propelled artillery systems that are under development, in production or being substantially modernised. Commercial Manager Peter Rawlins [email protected] 29 Towed howitzers Details of towed artillery systems that are under development, in production or Production and Circulation Manager David Hurst. being substantially modernised. [email protected] 42 Self-propelled mortars Production Elaine Effard, Georgina Kerridge Specifications for self-propelled mortar systems that are under development, in Georgina Smith, Adam Wakeling. production or being substantially modernised. Chairman Nick Prest 53 Towed mortars Descriptions of towed heavy mortar systems that are under development, in CEO Darren Lake production or being substantially modernised. -
Hezbollah's Missiles and Rockets
JULY 2017 CSIS BRIEFS CSIS Hezbollah’s Missiles and Rockets An Overview By Shaan Shaikh and Ian Williams JULY 2018 THE ISSUE Hezbollah is the world’s most heavily armed non-state actor, with a large and diverse stockpile of unguided artillery rockets, as well as ballistic, antiair, antitank, and antiship missiles. Hezbollah views its rocket and missile arsenal as its primary deterrent against Israeli military action, while also useful for quick retaliatory strikes and longer military engagements. Hezbollah’s unguided rocket arsenal has increased significantly since the 2006 Lebanon War, and the party’s increased role in the Syrian conflict raises concerns about its acquisition of more sophisticated standoff and precision-guided missiles, whether from Syria, Iran, or Russia. This brief provides a summary of the acquisition history, capabilities, and use of these forces. CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & middle east INTERNATIONAL STUDIES program CSIS BRIEFS | WWW.CSIS.ORG | 1 ezbollah is a Lebanese political party public source information and does not cover certain topics and militant group with close ties to such as rocket strategies, evolution, or storage locations. Iran and Syria’s Assad regime. It is the This brief instead focuses on the acquisition history, world’s most heavily armed non-state capabilities, and use of these forces. actor—aptly described as “a militia trained like an army and equipped LAND ATTACK MISSILES AND ROCKETS like a state.”1 This is especially true Hwith regard to its missile and rocket forces, which Hezbollah 107 AND 122 MM KATYUSHA ROCKETS has arrayed against Israel in vast quantities. The party’s arsenal is comprised primarily of small, man- portable, unguided artillery rockets. -
Strengthened Air Defence
AUGUST 2020. NO 8 (27). NEWS FRENCH TROOPS IN LITHUANIA MARKED BASTILLE DAY NATO'S PRESENCE THE 7TH ROTATION: HANDLING AN UNEXPECTED CRISIS Strengthened air defence ON JULY 28 PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA GITANAS NAUSĖDA WAS ACCOMPANIED BY MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEFENCE RAIMUNDAS KAROBLIS, CHIEF OF THE DEFENCE STAFF OF THE LITHUANIAN ARMED FORCES MAJ GEN GINTAUTAS ZENKEVIČIUS AND COMMANDER OF THE LITHUANIAN AIR FORCE COL DAINIUS GUZAS ON A VISIT TO THE LITHUANIAN AIR FORCE BASE IN ŠIAULIAI TO FAMILIARISE WITH THE AIR DEFENCE CAPABILITIES LITHUANIA HAS AND TO MEET WITH THE SPANISH, BRITISH AND GERMAN AIRMEN CONDUCTING SPECIAL THE CURRENT ROTATION OF THE NATO AIR POLICING MISSION IN THE BALTIC STATES, AS WELL AS U.S. AND LITHUANIAN SOLDIERS. NAPOLEON‘S LITHUANIAN resident was shown the RBS70, tional Exercise Tobruq Legacy 2020 in Sep- FORCES. PART II Stinger, Grom missile air defence tember this autumn. systems operated by the Air Defence NASAMS is the most widely used mid- PBattalion, Sentinel and Giraffe surveillance range air defence system in NATO member radars, and elements of the NASAMS mid- states, and even for guarding the airspace over range air defence system delivered to Lithua- the White House, Washington. Lithuania has nia in June earlier this year. acquired the most recent, third generation, "Arrival of the NASAMS reinforces air NASAMS 3, its current users are still only defence of Lithuania and NATO’s eastern the Lithuanian Armed Forces and the Armed flank, all the components of the integrated Forces of Norway, the manufacturer. defence system are linked together, and The guests also viewed fighter aircraft the deterrence becomes stronger as a result," allies protect the Baltic airspace with: F18 Minister of National Defence R. -
Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific: India
Regional Responses to U.S.-China Competition in the Indo-Pacific India Jonah Blank C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR4412z2 For more information on this series, visit www.rand.org/US-PRC-influence Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0650-7 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2021 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: globe: jcrosemann/GettyImages; flags: luzitanija/Adobe Stock Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) National Defense Strategy highlights the important role that U.S. -
Options in Dealing with Iran's Nuclear Program
1800 K Street, NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1.202.775.3270 Fax: 1.202.775.3199 Email: [email protected] Web: www.csis.org/burke/reports Options in Dealing with Iran’s Nuclear Program By Abdullah Toukan and Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy March 2010 www.csis.org | Page Summary & Conclusions 4 Overview of Iran’s Energy Requirements 22 Iran’s Nuclear Facilities 39 Estimated Timeline for Iran producing Nuclear Weapons 50 Iranian Threat Perception & Response 57 U.S. Response to Iranian Threat Perceptions West Perceptions of Iranian Threat & Options in dealing with Iran The Military Balance: 62 Israel GCC Iran Options: Diplomacy & Sanctions 92 Options: Active Defense and Deterrence 102 Option: Preemptive Military Strike 115 Israeli Strike 127 Scenario I: Conventional Air Strike 2 Page Israeli Strike 139 Scenario II: Low Yield Earth Penetrating Nuclear Weapons: Ballistic Missiles Sea Launched Cruise Missiles GCC Strike 146 U.S. Strike 150 Iranian Response 156 Ballistic Missile Attack on Israeli Nuclear and Missile Facilities 162 Oil Facilities & Oil Transit Chokepoints 165 Terrorism & Weapons of Mass Destruction 174 Chemical Terrorism 179 Biological Terrorism 183 Radiological (“Dirty Bomb”) Terrorism 188 Appendix: 198 Target Analysis of Iranian Nuclear Facilities and Mission Force Payload 3 Summary & Conclusion 4 • Iran is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and ranks among the world’s top three holders of both proven oil and natural gas reserves. Iran is OPEC’s second-largest producer and exporter after Saudi Arabia, and is the fourth-largest exporter of crude oil globally after Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Norway. -
Appendix 14A. Global Efforts to Control MANPADS
Appendix 14A. Global efforts to control MANPADS MATT SCHROEDER I. Introduction Preventing the acquisition and use of man-portable air defence systems (MANPADS) by terrorists and rebel groups has been a matter of concern since the early 1970s. However, despite the persistence of the threat MANPADS pose to aviation, it was the 2002 al-Qaeda attack on an Israeli civilian aircraft flying out of Mombassa, Kenya, that focused world attention on the issue. This introductory section continues by providing some basic information on the development and main types of MANPADS and their capabilities. Section II of this appendix gives an overview of the main threats posed by the weapon. Section III reviews efforts to control the weapon prior to the Mombassa attack, and section IV examines contemporary counter-MANPADS efforts. Section V presents some concluding observations and recommendations for further action. MANPADS fire short-range surface-to-air (SAM) missiles and are designed to be carried and operated by a single individual or a crew of several individuals. There are three basic types of missile used by MANPADS, which are often categorized by their guidance system: passive infrared seekers, laser-beam riders and command line-of- sight (CLOS) system (see table 14A). Most MANPADS missiles, including the Soviet/Russian SA series, the US Stinger and the Chinese Vanguard, are lightweight, ‘fire-and-forget’ missiles that home in on infrared light generated by heat from the target aircraft. Since the unveiling of the relatively primitive US FIM-43 Redeye and the Soviet SA-7 (Strela 2)1 in the 1960s, weapons designers have steadily improved the range, altitude and guidance of infrared seekers. -
Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems
Dec Worldwide Equipment Guide 2016 Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems TRADOC G-2 ACE–Threats Integration Ft. Leavenworth, KS Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Opposing Force: Worldwide Equipment Guide Chapters Volume 2 Volume 2 Air and Air Defense Systems Volume 2 Signature Letter Volume 2 TOC and Introduction Volume 2 Tier Tables – Fixed Wing, Rotary Wing, UAVs, Air Defense Chapter 1 Fixed Wing Aviation Chapter 2 Rotary Wing Aviation Chapter 3 UAVs Chapter 4 Aviation Countermeasures, Upgrades, Emerging Technology Chapter 5 Unconventional and SPF Arial Systems Chapter 6 Theatre Missiles Chapter 7 Air Defense Systems 2 UNCLASSIFIED Worldwide Equipment Guide Units of Measure The following example symbols and abbreviations are used in this guide. Unit of Measure Parameter (°) degrees (of slope/gradient, elevation, traverse, etc.) GHz gigahertz—frequency (GHz = 1 billion hertz) hp horsepower (kWx1.341 = hp) Hz hertz—unit of frequency kg kilogram(s) (2.2 lb.) kg/cm2 kg per square centimeter—pressure km kilometer(s) km/h km per hour kt knot—speed. 1 kt = 1 nautical mile (nm) per hr. kW kilowatt(s) (1 kW = 1,000 watts) liters liters—liquid measurement (1 gal. = 3.785 liters) m meter(s)—if over 1 meter use meters; if under use mm m3 cubic meter(s) m3/hr cubic meters per hour—earth moving capacity m/hr meters per hour—operating speed (earth moving) MHz megahertz—frequency (MHz = 1 million hertz) mach mach + (factor) —aircraft velocity (average 1062 km/h) mil milliradian, radial measure (360° = 6400 mils, 6000 Russian) min minute(s) mm millimeter(s) m/s meters per second—velocity mt metric ton(s) (mt = 1,000 kg) nm nautical mile = 6076 ft (1.152 miles or 1.86 km) rd/min rounds per minute—rate of fire RHAe rolled homogeneous armor (equivalent) shp shaft horsepower—helicopter engines (kWx1.341 = shp) µm micron/micrometer—wavelength for lasers, etc. -
Vayu Issue V Sep Oct 2016
V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The Indian Air Force at 84 Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences Lockheed Martin FOR INDIA. FROM INDIA. EXPORTED TO THE WORLD. AT LOCKHEED MARTIN, WE’RE ENGINEERING A BETTER TOMORROW. © 2016 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION Live: H: NA Trim: H: 280mm W: 215mm Job Number: FG16-03934T Designer: Kevin Gray Bleed: H: 286mm W: 221mm Publication: Vayu Aerospace Q/A: Becky Maddux Gutter: None Visual: F-16 India Communicator: Carla Krivanek Resolution: 300 DPI Country: India Due Date: 7/13/16 Density: 300 Color Space: CMYK V/2016 V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The IAF at 84: Securing India’s This second part of the articles, covers 36 62 Vayu’s visit to Airbus Defence & Interview with CAS Air Power Space in Germany, that to the Airbus Helicopters site at Donauworth in Germany, engaged in production of several rotorcraft including the Tiger The Indian Air Force at 84 and NH90. Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences 92 Smarter Eyes Cover: Dassault Rafale, the IAF’s new generation in the Skies multi role combat aircraft (photo: Dassault) In his exclusive interview with Vayu, Air Air Vice Marshal Manmohan Bahadur Chief Marshal Arup Raha gives answers of the Centre for Air Power Studies, EDITORIAL PANEL to various questions on state of the IAF lays down the Master Document, today and imminent acquisitions of new considered the Indian Union War Book, MANAGING EDITOR generation fighters – and much else. -
9K38 Igla - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1
9K38 Igla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 9K38Igla FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia (RedirectedfromIgla) The 9K38 Igla (Russian:9К38«Игла́»; Igla English: needle)isaRussian/Sovietman- portableinfraredhomingsurface-to-airmissile (SAM)."9K38"istheRussianGRAU designationofthesystem.ItsUSDoD Type short-rangeanti-airmissile designationis SA-18 andNATOreporting Servicehistory nameis Grouse. In service 1983 Productionhistory Contents Manufacturer KBM Unit cost USD60,000–80,000(asof2003) 1History Specifications 1.1Igla-1 Weight 10.8kg 1.2Igla Length 1.574m 2Othervariants Diameter 72mm 3Comparisoncharttoother MANPADS Warhead 1.17kgwith390gexplosive 4UseinallegedplotagainstAirForce Detonation contactandgrazingfuzes One mechanism 5Operators 5.1Igla-1E(SA-16) Engine solidfuelrocketmotor 5.2Igla(SA-18) Operational 5.2km 6Otheruses range Flightceiling 3.5km Speed 700m/s,aboutMach2 History Guidance twocolorinfrared system DevelopmentoftheIglashort-rangeman- portableairdefencemissile(MANPADS) beganintheKolomnaOKBin1971.Contrarytowhatiscommonlyreported,theIglaisnotan improvedversionoftheearlierStrelafamily(Strela-2/SA-7andStrela-3/SA-14),butanallnew project.Themaingoalsweretocreateamissilewithbetterresistancetocountermeasuresand widerengagementenvelopethantheearlierStrelaseriesMANPADSsystems. Technicaldifficultiesinthedevelopmentquicklymadeitobviousthatthedevelopmentwouldtake farlongerthananticipatedhowever,andin1978theprogramsplitintwo:whilethedevelopment of thefull-capabilityIglawouldcontinue,asimplifiedversion(Igla-1)withasimplerIRseekerbased -
Aerospace & Defence Review the Indian Navy Today
VI/2017 Aerospace & Defence Review The Indian Navy Today Interview with the CNS HMS Queen Elizabeth The Final Reckoning ? MBDA’s future plans Carrier borne fighters Dubai Air Show 2017 CELEBRATING A PROUD HISTORY OF PARTNERSHIP AS WE FACE TOMORROW’S CHALLENGES TOGETHER www.rafael.co.il VI/2017 VI/2017 Aerospace & Defence Review 36 ‘Fully Capable and 52 Indian Navy’s quest for 72 Dazzle over the Always Ready’ a carrier borne fighter Desert The Indian Navy Today Interview with the CNS HMS Queen Elizabeth The Final Reckoning ? MBDA’s future plans Carrier borne fighters Dubai Air Show 2017 Cover : INS Vikramaditya with fleet support vessel at Sea (photo : Indian Navy) Dan Gillian, Boeing Vice President, F/A-18 and EA-18 programmes, writes on the Super Hornet in context of the EDITORIAL PANEL Indian Navy’s requirement for a carrier MANAGING EDITOR borne fighter and elaborates on key In this on-the-spot report, Vayu features of the Block III Super Hornet. Vikramjit Singh Chopra editors review aspects of the recently concluded Dubai Air Show, with record EDITORIAL ADVISOR “Life on an Ocean’s orders announced including mammoth Admiral Arun Prakash 57 deals for both Airbus and Boeing. Wave” Highlights of the Show are included. EDITORIAL PANEL Pushpindar Singh On the eve of Indian Navy Day 2017, ‘Brilliant Arrow 2017’ Air Marshal Brijesh Jayal Vayu interviewed with Admiral Sunil 114 Dr. Manoj Joshi Lanba on a range of issues and was assured that the Indian Navy is fully Lt. Gen. Kamal Davar capable of tackling all the existing and Lt. -
Fire and Forget: the Proliferation of Man-Portable Air Defence Systems
Issue Brief Number 9 August 2014 Fire and Forget The Proliferation of Man-portable Air Defence Systems in Syria Introduction statements by government officials. and Soviet-designed systems or These account s document the foreign variants. Since the start of Syria’s civil war in acquisition and use of increasingly There is no publicly available 2011, the country has become a advanced MANPADS by Syrian evidenc e to support claims by the hotbe d of arms trafficking and armed groups, includin g systems not Russian government that armed proliferati on of conventional previously seen outside of govern- groups in Syria have acquired weapons. Imag es and accounts of the ment control. US FIM-92 Stinger-series conflict reveal that armed groups MANPADS or foreign Stinger- Major findings from this Issue Brief pattern systems. have acquired a variety of small arms include the following: and light weapon s, some of which International transfers of are rece nt-generation systems that Armed groups in Syria have acqu- MANPADS to armed groups in are rarely encount ered outside of ired at least eight models of Syria appear to violate resolutions, government control elsewhere. MANPA DS, including three guide lines, and agreements Among the most sensitive of these models not previously seen adopted by several multilateral weapons are the numerous man- outsid e of government control in organizations. portable air defence systems other countries. These MANPADS Video footage of armed groups and (MANPADS) that armed groups have include recent-generation systems. their arsenals is useful for identi- looted from Syria n government The vast majority of MANPADS fying the types of MANPADS in depots and acquir ed from other acquired by Syrian armed groups Syria but provides little insight into sources. -
Appendix 13C. Register of the Transfers and Licensed Production of Major Conventional Weapons, 2002
Appendix 13C. Register of the transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons, 2002 BJÖRN HAGELIN, PIETER D. WEZEMAN, SIEMON T. WEZEMAN and NICHOLAS CHIPPERFIELD The register in table 13C.1 lists major weapons on order or under delivery, or for which the licence was bought and production was under way or completed during 2002. Sources and methods for data collection are explained in appendix 13D. Entries in table 13C.1 are alphabetical, by recipient, supplier and licenser. ‘Year(s) of deliveries’ includes aggregates of all deliveries and licensed production since the beginning of the contract. ‘Deal worth’ values in the Comments column refer to real monetary values as reported in sources and not to SIPRI trend-indicator values. Conventions, abbreviations and acronyms are explained below the table. For cross-reference, an index of recipients and licensees for each supplier can be found in table 13C.2. Table 13C.1. Register of transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons, 2002, by recipients Recipient/ Year Year(s) No. supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/ or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments Afghanistan S: Russia 1 An-12/Cub-A Transport aircraft (2002) 2002 (1) Ex-Russian; aid (5) Mi-24D/Mi-25/Hind-D Combat helicopter (2002) 2002 (5) Ex-Russian; aid (10) Mi-8T/Hip-C Helicopter (2002) 2002 (3) Ex-Russian; aid; delivery 2002–2003 (200) AT-4 Spigot/9M111 Anti-tank missile (2002) . Ex-Russian; aid Albania S: Italy (1) Bell-206/AB-206 Light helicopter