DOCSLIB.ORG

MB2020 Book 1.Indb

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MB2020 Book 1.Indb The Military Balance ISSN: 0459-7222 (Print) 1479-9022 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmib20 Chapter Six: Asia To cite this article: (2020) Chapter Six: Asia, The Military Balance, 120:1, 220-323, DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2020.1707967 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2020.1707967 Published online: 13 Feb 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tmib20 220 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2020 Chapter Six Asia As China’s navy has expanded in capability and now Meanwhile South Korea continues to remodel its deploys more frequently beyond the first island chain, armed forces, particularly the army, with a reduction maritime surveillance and situational awareness has in the size of its mechanised forces. become a key priority for a number of regional states, Budgetary issues still complicate many Southeast with ageing maritime-patrol aircraft fleets giving way Asian states’ plans to both recapitalise their ageing to a mix of new fixed-wing and uninhabited defence inventories with foreign systems and develop platforms. domestic defence-industrial bases. Singapore remains In the run-up to the 2020 Taiwanese presidential a notable exception, as the city state continues to election, the current government signed a number pursue an ambitious programme of renewal for all of of foreign military sales agreements with the United its services. States for new platforms and weapon systems in an The de facto border between India and Pakistan in attempt to keep up with the modernisation efforts Kashmir remains tense, underscored by continuing of the People’s Liberation Army. Most notable were terrorist activities, an exchange of airstrikes in deals for F-16V combat aircraft and M1A2 Abrams February and the Indian government’s imposition of main battle tanks, both long sought by the Taiwanese direct rule. Both India and Pakistan claimed success military. in the brief February campaign and are now looking North Korea resumed its short-range-missile to improve the capabilities of their respective air testing programme, unveiling several new designs. forces. Asia defence spending, 2019 – top 5 Active military personnel – top 10 (15,000 per unit) United States Global total US$685bn China 19,719,000 2,035,000 India Total Asian spending 1, 455,550 US$429bn North Korea 1,280,000 Pakistan Regional total China 653,800 India South 9,326,000 Korea 599,000 Vietnam 482,000 US$60.5bn Myanmar 406,000 US$181bn Japan South Korea Australia Indonesia 395,500 Thailand 360,850 US$48.6bn US$39.8bn US$25.5bn Sri Lanka 255,000 Asia 221 Regional defence policy and economics 222 ► Armed forces data section 250 ► Arms procurements and deliveries 321 ► India and Pakistan: Republic of Korea: fighter and ground-attack aircraft restructuring mechanised forces 8th 8th 2018 400 319 26th 11th 11th 2019 Modern India 20th Asia Legacy 30th 30th 2019/20 129 227 CAP CAP Division Mechanised infantry Pakistan Legacy: equipment designed during the Cold War period Brigade Armour Modern: equipment designed in the post-Cold War period Selected regional maritime-patrol aircraft and uninhabited aerial vehicles 55 7 4 11 6 22 3 16 6 12 1 In service On order In service On order In service On order In service On order Australia Japan Republic of Korea Taiwan Aircraft: P1 P-3C P-8A UAV: RQ/MQ-4 222 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2020 Asia In 2019, the region’s major military powers South Korea continued efforts to enhance the capabilities of their South Korea’s 2018 defence white paper, released armed forces. At the same time, the United States in January 2019, included well-funded defence maintained its focus on strengthening its regional plans for the period 2019–23. It reiterated Seoul’s military posture, in response to the continuing prioritisation of the Defense Reform 2.0 initiative, challenges from China’s military modernisation, which is intended to create by 2022 smaller but more North Korea’s missile and nuclear-weapons technologically advanced and operationally effective programmes, and Russia’s re-emergence as a security armed forces. The reform and modernisation challenge. programme is intended to help the Republic of Korea to realise the long-established plan (agreed with the United States US in 2007) of assuming wartime operational control The US Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) Indo- of its own forces. An important step towards this Pacific Strategy Report, released in early June, objective was the amalgamation in January of the identified the region as the ‘priority theater’ for ROK Army’s 1st and 3rd Army Commands to form its armed forces. The report reiterated the intent a new Ground Operations Command, which will of the 2018 National Defense Strategy, saying the unify control over the army’s seven regional corps, US would bolster the ‘combat-credible’ posture of an expeditionary corps, a logistics command, and US forces and ‘enhance Joint Force preparedness artillery and intelligence formations. In August 2019, for the most pressing scenarios’. While providing Seoul’s Mid-Term Defense Plan for 2020–24 revealed concrete examples of important new platforms and a projected increase in procurement funding for new systems intended to strengthen the US Indo-Pacific weapons platforms and systems, including a 30,000- Command’s order of battle, the report emphasised ton LPX-II large amphibious-assault ship capable of that the DoD was developing a ‘more dynamic carrying F-35B combat aircraft (yet to be ordered) and distributed presence’, including ‘flexible and and a ‘combined fires’ ship (probably based on the resilient’ logistic support, across the region. It KDD-II destroyer) armed with land-attack cruise also noted the importance of defence and security missiles, as well as additional KDD-III cruisers and cooperation for the United States’ military posture in KSS-III submarines. Also in the plan are new missile- the Indo-Pacific. One potentially important example defence systems, surveillance satellites, uninhabited was US support for future work by Australia to aerial vehicles (UAVs), anti-submarine-warfare rebuild the naval base at Lombrum on Papua New (ASW) helicopters and electromagnetic-pulse strike Guinea’s Manus Island. weapons. However, regional allies were not always prepared While Defense Reform 2.0 and the Mid-Term automatically to accommodate US strategic interests. Defense Plan indicated that the ROK’s defence This was evident in August 2019 when, following modernisation was broadly following a well- Washington’s withdrawal from the Intermediate- established trajectory, the thinking behind Seoul’s range Nuclear Forces Treaty, Secretary of Defense defence policy has undergone important changes Mark Esper said that to counter China’s own under the administration of President Moon Jae-in, expanding missile force he was in favour of stationing who took office in 2017. Crucially, Moon and his US land-based intermediate-range conventional administration embarked in 2018 on a path of missiles in the region within months. The response to diplomatic reconciliation as a means of managing this from key allies Australia, Japan and South Korea the threat posed by North Korea. Moon’s diplomacy was unenthusiastic. Nevertheless, their own defence facilitated the tentative peace process involving programmes all indicate these countries’ intent to Pyongyang and the US administration (which saw a boost their own security in the face of intensifying second summit between US President Donald Trump regional challenges. and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Hanoi in Asia 223 February 2019, and then a meeting at the Korean Taiwan Demilitarized Zone in June), and is linked to domestic China’s continuing military modernisation spurred politics in South Korea, where public opinion broadly reciprocal efforts not only by the US and Japan but favours detente with the North. Reflecting this also Taiwan, where since 2016 the government led approach, although the 2018 South Korean defence by President Tsai Ing-wen has been trying to find white paper described Pyongyang’s nuclear-weapons ways of mitigating the continuing shift in the military programme as a threat to peace and stability on the balance across the Taiwan Strait in China’s favour. Korean Peninsula, it no longer referred to North Taipei’s latest biennial National Defense Report, Korea itself as an ‘enemy’, instead emphasising the released in September 2019, emphasised Taiwan’s potential for military confidence-building and arms support for the US Indo-Pacific Strategy, as well as control and noting other transnational threats. its own security cooperation with US allies in the However, by September 2019, the signs from region. The report also itemised arms sales agreed Pyongyang were no longer encouraging. In early with the US over the previous two years, including August 2019, and apparently in protest at the US– M1A2T Abrams main battle tanks, BGM-71 TOW and ROK command-post training drill (which, according FGM-148 Javelin anti-tank missiles, and FIM-92 Stinger to reports, was originally intended to be called the surface-to-air missiles. More strategically important, 19-2 Dong Maeng exercise), the North Korean regime though, was the US administration’s August 2019 launched what were thought to be two short-range agreement (subject to congressional approval) to sell ballistic missiles into the Sea of Japan and dismissed Taiwan 66 F-16C/D Block 70 combat aircraft. These Moon’s call for further inter-Korean talks. The aircraft will be equipped with conformal fuel tanks, missile launches were the latest in a series that has allowing them significantly extended operational Asia also included multiple-rocket-launcher tests since range compared to Taiwan’s F-16A/Bs (in service May 2019.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Winning the Salvo Competition Rebalancing America’S Air and Missile Defenses
    WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK WINNING THE SALVO COMPETITION REBALANCING AMERICA’S AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSES MARK GUNZINGER BRYAN CLARK 2016 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2016 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Gunzinger is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Mr. Gunzinger has served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces Transformation and Resources. A retired Air Force Colonel and Command Pilot, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2004. Mark was appointed to the Senior Executive Service and served as Principal Director of the Department’s central staff for the 2005–2006 Quadrennial Defense Review. Following the QDR, he served as Director for Defense Transformation, Force Planning and Resources on the National Security Council staff. Mr. Gunzinger holds an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, a Master of Airpower Art and Science degree from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, a Master of Public Administration from Central Michigan University, and a B.S. in chemistry from the United States Air Force Academy.
    [Show full text]
  • MIRAGE 2OOO Around the World
    F RANCE C ONSEIL 2 ● 2003 MIRAGE 2OOO ENGAGE! around theworld DASSAULT AVIATIONDASSAULT SNECMAMOTEURS THALES ◆ ◆ Squadron chat ENGAGE! 2 ● 2003 25 years ago HAF MIRAGE 2000 EG 210, Traditions Twenty five years ago, on March 10th, a phoenix back into the air Dassault Aviation 1978, the Mirage 2000-01 took to the In 1997, HAF Mirage 2000 EG 210 maintains the tradition air for its maiden flight, flown by overran the runway at Skiros Air Base of granting distinctions Dassault Aviation Test Pilot Jean Coureau. and ditched into the sea. The Hellenic to pilots who The Mirage 2000 was subsequently Air Force (HAF), Hellenic Aerospace have logged introduced to service into the French Industry (HAI) and Dassault Aviation 1,000, 2,000 Summary Air Force in 1984, and then into many have successfully rebuilt it. It is now and 3,000 Editorial other Air Forces (India, Egypt, Peru, flying again and is back to service into flight UAE, Greece, Taiwan and Qatar). Over hours on the the HAF. “Vendée” MIRAGE 2000s 500 Mirage 2000 are in operation Mirage 2000. The first issue of this publication was only throughout the world, and have logged Dedicated patches, 2 in the Hellenic sky over 1 000 000 flight hours. diplomas and trophies are a four-pages newsletter devoted to the awarded during a formal Flight safety corner salvaging of HAF Mirage 2000 EG 210, but ceremony to these pilots at the 5 request of the Staff of their Air Forces. it met with unexpected success from Contact: D. Coulier (Dassault Aviation RDY2: multi role, Mirage 2000 users.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report DE-EE0005380: Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm
    THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Final Report DE-EE0005380 Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Sea Surface, Subsurface and Airborne Electronic Systems Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by: Hao Ling (UT) Mark F. Hamilton (ARL:UT) Rajan Bhalla (SAIC) Walter E. Brown (ARL:UT) Todd A. Hay (ARL:UT) Nicholas J. Whitelonis (UT) Shang-Te Yang (UT) Aale R. Naqvi (UT) 9/30/2013 DE-EE0005380 The University of Texas at Austin Notice and Disclaimer This report is being disseminated by the Department of Energy. As such, the document was prepared in compliance with Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106-554) and information quality guidelines issued by the Department of Energy. Though this report does not constitute “influential” information, as that term is defined in DOE’s information quality guidelines or the Office of Management and Budget's Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review (Bulletin), the study was reviewed both internally and externally prior to publication. For purposes of external review, the study benefited from the advice, technical responses and comments of an expert group of stakeholders. That group of contributors and reviewers included representatives from academia, private corporations, national laboratories, and a broad spectrum of federal agencies. ii DE-EE0005380 The University of Texas at Austin Acknowledgments For their support of this report, the authors thank the entire U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind & Water Power Technologies Program team, and in particular Brian Connor, Gary Norton, Bryan Miller, Michael Hahn, Gretchen Andrus, and Patrick Gilman.
    [Show full text]
  • CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat
    By Systems Assessment Group NDIA Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee August 1999 FEASIBILITY OF THIRD WORLD ADVANCED BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILE THREAT Volume 2: Emerging Cruise Missile Threat The Systems Assessment Group of the National Defense Industrial Association ( NDIA) Strike, Land Attack and Air Defense Committee performed this study as a continuing examination of feasible Third World missile threats. Volume 1 provided an assessment of the feasibility of the long range ballistic missile threats (released by NDIA in October 1998). Volume 2 uses aerospace industry judgments and experience to assess Third World cruise missile acquisition and development that is “emerging” as a real capability now. The analyses performed by industry under the broad title of “Feasibility of Third World Advanced Ballistic & Cruise Missile Threat” incorporate information only from unclassified sources. Commercial GPS navigation instruments, compact avionics, flight programming software, and powerful, light-weight jet propulsion systems provide the tools needed for a Third World country to upgrade short-range anti-ship cruise missiles or to produce new land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs) today. This study focuses on the question of feasibility of likely production methods rather than relying on traditional intelligence based primarily upon observed data. Published evidence of technology and weapons exports bears witness to the failure of international agreements to curtail cruise missile proliferation. The study recognizes the role LACMs developed by Third World countries will play in conjunction with other new weapons, for regional force projection. LACMs are an “emerging” threat with immediate and dire implications for U.S. freedom of action in many regions .
    [Show full text]
  • Cranfield University
    CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY LEIGH MOODY SENSORS, SENSOR MEASUREMENT FUSION AND MISSILE TRAJECTORY OPTIMISATION COLLEGE OF DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY PhD THESIS CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE, POWER AND SENSORS PhD THESIS Academic Year 2002 - 2003 Leigh Moody Sensors, Measurement Fusion and Missile Trajectory Optimisation Supervisor: Professor B.A. White July 2003 Leigh Moody asserts his right to be identified as the author. © Cranfield University 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of Cranfield University and without acknowledging that it may contain copyright material owned by MBDA UK Limited. i ii ABSTRACT When considering advances in “smart” weapons it is clear that air-launched systems have adopted an integrated approach to meet rigorous requirements, whereas air-defence systems have not. The demands on sensors, state observation, missile guidance, and simulation for air-defence is the subject of this research. Historical reviews for each topic, justification of favoured techniques and algorithms are provided, using a nomenclature developed to unify these disciplines. Sensors selected for their enduring impact on future systems are described and simulation models provided. Complex internal systems are reduced to simpler models capable of replicating dominant features, particularly those that adversely effect state observers. Of the state observer architectures considered, a distributed system comprising ground based target and own-missile tracking, data up-link, and on-board missile measurement and track fusion is the natural choice for air-defence. An IMM is used to process radar measurements, combining the estimates from filters with different target dynamics. The remote missile state observer combines up-linked target tracks and missile plots with IMU and seeker data to provide optimal guidance information.
    [Show full text]
  • SP's Naval Force June-July 2010
    June-July l 2010 Volume 5 No 3 rs 100.00 (india-based buyer only) SP’s AN SP GUIDE PUBLICATION www.spsnavalforces.net ROUNDUP 3 PAGe STOP PRESS A Global Concern NAvAL vARIANT OF LCA ROLLS OUT India, in cooperation with its allies and friends The country’s first naval variant of Light Combat Aircraft, the LCA (Navy) Trainer around the world, will have to work to ensure Naval Project (NP)–1 was rolled out by the Defence Minister A.K. Antony from HAL that lawful private and public activities in the Aircraft Research and Design Centre at a glittering function in Bengaluru on July 6, maritime domain are protected against attack 2010. The Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma, Secretary Defence Production by hostile exploitations R.K. Singh, Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister, Dr. V.K. Saraswat, HAL Chair - man Ashok Nayak, Director Aeronautical Development Agency P.S. Subramanyam Cdr Sandeep Dewan were present on the occasion. The Defence Minister described the development as a ‘defining and memorable event’ for the nation. PAGe 4 Around the Sea A report on Commander Dilip Donde’s TeTe-e-TeTe successful completion of the first solo circumnavigation by an Indian Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay ‘Cooperation and interaction in the PAGe 6 Stealthy Ships maritime domain will continue to be an important aspect of IN’s vision’ PhotograPh: abhishek / sP guide Pubns Chief of Naval Staff Admi - ral Nirmal Verma , in an interaction with SP’s Naval The scope of accessing technologies from Forces , throws light on the the western world, so far denied to India, is security measures to deal witnessing an upward swing with the growing incidents Rear Admiral (Retd) Sushil Ramsay of piracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Home Affairs
    2 MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS CENTRAL ARMED POLICE FORCES AND INTERNAL SECURITY CHALLENGES – EVALUATION AND RESPONSE MECHANISM [Action taken by Government on the Recommendations contained in Twenty- Eight Report (Sixteenth Lok Sabha) of the Committee on Estimates] COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES (2020-21) SECOND REPORT (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI SECOND REPORT COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES (2020-21) (SEVENTEENTH LOK SABHA) MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS [Action taken by the Government on the recommendations contained in Twenty- Eight Report (Sixteenth Lok Sabha) of the Committee on Estimates] (Presented to Lok Sabha on 21 September, 2020) LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI 21 September, 2020/ 30 Bhadrapada, 1942 (Saka) CONTENTS PAGE COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES (2019-20) COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES (2020-21) INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I Report 1 CHAPTER II Observations/Recommendations which have been 19 accepted by Government CHAPTER III Observations/Recommendations which the Committee do 43 not desire to pursue in view of Government’s replies CHAPTER IV Observations/Recommendations in respect of which 70 replies of Government’s replies have not been accepted by the Committee CHAPTER V Observations/ Recommendations in respect of which final 87 replies of Government are still awaited ANNEXURES I Office Memorandum on request for deployment of CAPFS 91 from the State/UTs Security arrangements for categorized protectees with II 94 CAPF security cover- cooperation from State authorities reg. APPENDICES I Minutes of the Eleventh Sitting of the Committee on 96 Estimates held on 18.03.2020 II Minutes of the Second Sitting of the Committee on 98 Estimates held on 11.08.2020 III Analysis of the action taken by Government on the 100 observations/recommendations contained in the Twenty- Eight report of the Committee on Estimates (16thLok Sabha) COMPOSITION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES (2019-20) Shri Girish Bhalchandra Bapat – Chairperson Members 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mumbai-Marooned.Pdf
    Glossary AAI Airports Authority of India IFEJ International Federation of ACS Additional Chief Secretary Environmental Journalists AGNI Action for good Governance and IITM Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Networking in India ILS Instrument Landing System AIR All India Radio IMD Indian Meteorological Department ALM Advanced Locality Management ISRO Indian Space Research Organisation ANM Auxiliary Nurse/Midwife KEM King Edward Memorial Hospital BCS Bombay Catholic Sabha MCGM/B Municipal Council of Greater Mumbai/ BEST Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply & Bombay Transport Undertaking. MCMT Mohalla Committee Movement Trust. BEAG Bombay Environmental Action Group MDMC Mumbai Disaster Management Committee BJP Bharatiya Janata Party MDMP Mumbai Disaster Management Plan BKC Bandra Kurla Complex. MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests BMC Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Area BNHS Bombay Natural History Society Development Authority BRIMSTOSWAD BrihanMumbai Storm MLA Member of Legislative Assembly Water Drain Project MMR Mumbai Metropolitan Region BWSL Bandra Worli Sea Link MMRDA Mumbai Metropolitan Region CAT Conservation Action Trust Development Authority CBD Central Business District. MbPT Mumbai Port Trust CBO Community Based Organizations MTNL Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. CCC Concerned Citizens’ Commission MSDP Mumbai Sewerage Disposal Project CEHAT Centre for Enquiry into Health and MSEB Maharashtra State Electricity Board Allied Themes MSRDC Maharashtra State Road Development CG Coast Guard Corporation
    [Show full text]
  • Press Release
    Press release 17th December 2008 Peruvian Navy Carries Out Record Breaking Launch of MBDA Otomat Anti-Ship Missile On 8th December the Peruvian Navy successfully launched an Otomat missile from the Aguirre frigate, hitting a target at a range in excess of 150 kilometers. The launch, which confirmed the performance and reliability of the Otomat missile, was carried out at the Cruz de Hueso firing test range. The Peruvian Minister of Defence, Antero Flores-Araoz, was present at the launch expressed his satisfaction with the missile and the Navy’s performance. The Otomat firing formed part of the “Angamos” exercise and was intended to be particularly challenging for the Peruvian Navy. The challenge lay in the fact that it was the first launch carried out at such a distance and represented an absolute record for a South American Navy. The Otomat missile carried out its mission successfully, hitting the target as intended by the launch plan. In addition to the Peruvian Minister of Defence, the Chief of Defence Staff, Admiral Josè Aste Daffòs, and the Army Chief of Staff, General Otto Guibovich Arteaga, were also present along with the Navy Staff. They all congratulated MBDA staff on the support they provided to the missile launch. Fabrizio Giulianini, Managing Director of MBDA Italy and MBDA Executive Group Director Sales & Business Development stated: “With this launch in South America, the Otomat is once again at the top of its category in the anti-ship missile sector, offering interesting sales opportunities in those countries that already have this weapon system and in those that would like to have such a reliable system with proven operating capabilities in their weapon inventory”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Market for Missile/Drone/UAV Engines
    The Market for Missile/Drone/UAV Engines Product Code #F655 A Special Focused Market Segment Analysis by: Aviation Gas Turbine Forecast Analysis 5 The Market for Missile/Drone/UAV Engines 2010-2019 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................2 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................................................2 Trends..........................................................................................................................................................................3 The Competitive Environment...............................................................................................................................3 Market Statistics .......................................................................................................................................................4 Table 1 - The Market for Missile/Drone/UAV Engines Unit Production by Headquarters/Company/Program 2010 - 2019 ..................................................5 Table 2 - The Market for Missile/Drone/UAV Engines Value Statistics by Headquarters/Company/Program 2010 - 2019...................................................8 Figure
    [Show full text]
  • World of Wheels Country Entry
    BELGIUM Flag description: three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red note: the design was based on the flag of France. Background: Belgium became independent from the Neth- erlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. It has prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and mem- ber of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch- speaking Flemish of the north and the French-speaking Wal- loon of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Geography Belgium. Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands. Area: total: 30,528 sq. km. Area - comparative: about the size of Maryland. Land boundaries: total: 1,385 km. Border coun- tries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km. Coastline: 66.5 km. Climate: tem- perate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy. Terrain: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast. Natural resources: construction materials, silica sand, carbonate. Natural hazards: flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes. Environment - current issues: the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive anim- al breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring coun- tries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) have slowed pro- gress in tackling environmental challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Military Studies Office
    community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/ PENDING PUBLIC RELEASE/APPROVAL - QUESTIONS: 757-501-6236 Foreign Military Studies Office Volume 9 Issue #10 OEWATCH October 2019 FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT EURASIA 28 New Chinese Aircraft Carrier to Carry 50 Percent More 3 Sinking the Armata? Fighters AFRICA 4 Where is Strelkov Aiming? 30 China and Kazakhstan Upgrade Ties 59 Urban Deployment Reveals South African Military Deficiencies 5 Northern and Eastern Military Districts Get S-300V4 Air 32 China and Russia Sign Heavy Helicopter Deal 60 South Africa’s Xenophobic Violence: Foreigners as Scapegoats Defense Systems 34 China Reports the Launch of Unmanned ‘Mini-Aegis-Class for Failing Economy 7 Russian Ground Forces’ Air Defense: A Look At Russia’s Destroyer’ 61 Somalia’s Newest Military Commander Also Its Youngest Threat-Based Military 35 Contrasting Chinese and Foreign Media Accounts on 62 African Union Raises Concerns Over Foreign Military Bases in 8 The Modernization of Russian Coastal Defense Missiles Xinjiang Africa 10 Mines Seen as Key Capabilities for Russian Naval and Coastal 37 Papuans Hope for Independence, but is it Possible? 63 Regional Rivalries Heat Up as AMISOM Leaves Somalia Defense 39 Another Counter-Terrorism Operation in Palu, Indonesia 64 China’s Investment in African Aviation 12 Russia Developing On-Orbit Fueling Technologies 40 India to Create New Chief of Defence Staff Position 65 International Connections to Guinea-Bissau Drug Trafficking 13 Public Protests and “Hybrid War” 66 Borno Governor
    [Show full text]