The Military Balance Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia

Home , 2B11, 2K12 Kub, 2K22 Tunguska, 9K33 Osa, 9K38 Igla, 9K720 Iskander

This article was downloaded by: [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] On: 11 February 2015, At: 01:21 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

The Military Balance Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmib20 Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia Published online: 10 Feb 2015.

Click for updates

To cite this article: (2015) Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia, The Military Balance, 115:1, 159-206, DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2015.996357 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2015.996357

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions Downloaded by [RFE/RL Prague Library], [Mr Martina Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 MilitaryBalance ǰ ǰ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǲȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǻ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱŰůƖǯȱȱę¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱůůƖǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱǯ ¢ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱȬȱǯȱęȱȱȬ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȂȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮǲȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŭǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪŪŲȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia Chapter Five RUSSIA ¡ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǰȱ Ȃȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱĴ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ The ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - - - - - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱŬŰȱ¢ȱȱŭȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ ȱ ȱǲȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ęȬȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ŭŪǰŪŪŪȱ ȱ ūŭŪǰŪŪŪȱ ȱ Ȭȱǰȱȱěȱ ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ (see ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȬĚȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱěǯȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ūűȮŬŪǼǯ ȱȁȂȱ ǰȱȱȱȱǻȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȁȬȂǰȱȁ¢ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱěȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȮȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȬ ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱǯȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱǰ Ěȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱę ǯǼ ȱ ȱǲȱĚȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱūųųű ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱǻȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ ȱ ¢ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪŪŲȱ ȱȱ ŬŪūŭ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱūųȱȮ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ūųųǼȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ------ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Russia and Eurasia 160 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ Ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǻȱ¡¡ǰȱǯȱūŰŭǼǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱĴȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ - ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȁȂǰȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȁ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǯȱ ȱ - ȱǯȱȱĜ¢ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȁȬĚȂǰȱȁȂȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȁȬȂȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱŬŪūŪǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȁȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ęȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ǻȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱȱȮȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ūūǰȱ ůŰȱ ȱ Ųŭȱ ǯǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȁ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȮȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱǲȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȮȱȱěȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬĚȱ - ȱĜǯȱ¢ȱȬŬŪūŮǰȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬĚȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱęȱȱǻ Ǽȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ Bumerang ǯ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȂȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȬųŪȱȱĴȱȱǻǼȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱǻŬŪūŰȮŬůǼǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŭȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ę¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȬŲŬȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǻȱ¡¡ǰȱǯȱūŰŰǼǯ ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŪŮ ȱ ¢ȦȬ ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȬűŬȱ Land forces ȱĚȱȱȱȬűŬŭȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ Military Balance ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ Iskander ȱȱ Tochka-U ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŰŲȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱȱųȱ¢ȱŬŪūůȱȱ ǯȱȱęȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 161

ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŮŪŪȱ ȬȬȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ Armata ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŬŪȱę¡Ȭȱȱ ǲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭ ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ - ǻǼȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ Kurganets ȬŬůȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PAK DA ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǲȱ ȱ ȱ Bumerang Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȁĚ¢ȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱ Typhoon ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȬŬȱ Spirit ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱŬŪūųǰȱȱ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŬŪŬůǯ ȱȱȱȂȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȬȱȱȱȂȱęȬȱ PAK ǯ FA ȱ ȱĜ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ - ŬŪūŰǰȱ ȱ ȁȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱȱǻȱȱǰȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱŬŮȱȱȱȱ Kurganets ȬŬůȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱ Ǽǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ

ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia ȱęȱȱȱęȱǯȱȱ ȱ ęȬȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ ȱǰȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱūŰŮȮŰűǼǯ ȱȱǯ ȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ - Air force ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȬūŪūȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǱȱ - ȱ ȬŭŬȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȁȱȂȱ¢ȱǻȱ The Military Balance ǯȱ ȱ Ȭůůůȱ ǻȬūůȱ Kent Ǽȱ ǰȱ ŬŪūŬ ǰȱǯȱūŲŰǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢Ȯȱȁ ȱȂȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭůůůȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱŬŪŬŪǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȁȱ ȱ Ȃǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱŭŪȱȱȱȱȱęǯ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱěȱę¡Ȭȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ¢Ȭ ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱěǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱůŪŪȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ĝȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȮȱȱǯ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȬŬŪŪŲȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ ȱ ȱ Ȭěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȁȱȂȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱęȱȱȱŬŪȱǼȱȱ¢ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ Skat ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪȬȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱǯ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĚ¢ȱ¢ȱŬŪūŲǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱŬŪūŭǰȱůŰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭ ȱ ǰȱ ūŬŬȱ ȱ ȱǯ 162 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

Figure 7 Equipment Analysis: Russian Flanker Combat Aircraft Development

The Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱĜȱǲȱ the prototype aircraft underwent complete redesign in the late 1970s to address performance shortcomings. The aircraft ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȬȱęȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ detection and engagement ranges of potential targets. Originally intended for the export arena, the Russian air force ordered 48 Su-35S in 2009, and deliveries should be completed during 2015. An additional order for a further 48 is widely anticipated. The Su-35S will see service likely well into the 2030s as a complement to the air force’s ęȬȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬśŖȱǯ

Sukhoi Su-35S Flanker E (introduced 2013) Revised airframe construction and materials compared to Su-27B IRBIS passive electronically Increased vertical scanned array radar Increased use of aluminium-lithium alloys and composites "n area KSU-35 digital #ight control system Digital cockpit

OLS-35 infrared Improved electronic counter 117C engine-thrust-vectoring nozzles search and track measures Khibny-M EW suite Greater internal fuel capacity Strengthened landing gear to support (Canards deleted from previous Su-27M/Su-35 design) greater maximum take-off weight 12 hardpoints for weapons carriage

Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker B (introduced 1985) Electronic warfare Sorbtsiya electronic Beryoza radar countermeasures Analogue cockpit displays SDU-10 pitch-only #y-by-wire warning receiver (wing-tip pod mounted)

N001 Slotback radar

OLS-27 infrared search and track 10 hardpoints for weapons carriage AL-31F engine – convergent/divergent nozzles Su-27 Su-35S Maximum missile "y-out ranges • Radar: N001 Slotback air-to-air • Radar: IRBIS passive electronically scanned mum radar detection r only, detection range 80km (est.) array multi-mode air-to-air and air-to-surface. Maxi ange 400km against a 3m2 radar cross-section Claimed detection range against a 3m2 radar target cross-section target 350–400km. 90km detection 350km range against a 0.01m2 RCS target Su-35SS against 3m2 RCS • Analogue cockpit • Digital cockpit 400km 300km • 2 x AL-31F turbofan engines each • 2 x 117S turbofan engines each rated at 14,500kg rated at 12,500kg in afterburner, in afterburner, 8,800kg max dry power. R-37M (Su-35S) 7,700kg max dry power Thrust-vectoring nozzles • OLS-27 infrared search and track, • OLS-35 infrared search and track, 90km plus 280km 50km detection range (target from detection range (target from rear) 280km 200km rear) RVV-BD (could be • 10 hardpoints: • 12 hardpoints: integrated onto Su-35 export) Short-range AAMs • R-73 and K-74M2 (R-73 upgrade), maximum • R-73 (AA-11 Archer) short-range range 40km air-to-air missile, maximum range

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 • Alamo family plus R-77-1 (AA-12B Adder) active 30km radar-guided medium-range AAM, max range R-27EP (Su-27) Medium-range AAMs 110km. Also possibly the K-77M, a further R-77-1 (Su-35) • R-27 (AA-10 Alamo) family of development of the basic R-77 110km semi-active, radar-guided, infrared Long-range AAM Su-27P guided and passive AAMs. against 3m2 RCS • R-37M (AA-13 Axehead) long-range R-27ER 60km Semi-active radar-guided R-27ER 80km 60km radar-guided AAM (known as RVV-BD for export). (large target: 90km) (AA-10C), max range against a This missile is being offered for the Su-35S. Max "ghter 60km, 90–100km against a range is est. 280km (200km for RVV-BD) large aircraft. Passive-homing R-27EP (AA-10F), 110km max range • Air-to-Surface includes: Kh-38 family of medium-range air-to-surface missiles, Kh-31PM • No active radar-guided AAM (AS-17C Krypton) anti-radiation missile, Kh-59M • Air-to-Surface: mix of unguided family (AS-18 Kazoo), variety of precision-guided bombs and rockets bombs © IISS Russia and Eurasia 163

Navy ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬūŪȱ Losharik ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŪųŲůūȱ Khabarovsk ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ȱ Borey- Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱĜȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Bulava ȱ ǻȬȬȬŭŬǼȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ůŪȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Yasen Ȭ Ȭǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ Borey Ȭȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ Bulava ȱȱȱȱȱ

Personnel issues The Russian armed forces continue to su"er the e"ects of prestige of military service, and contributed to much- personnel problems noted in The Military Balance 2013. improved morale and a renewed sense of purpose within Demographic pressure combined with the reduction in the services. Furthermore, salary improvements have Russia and Eurasia the conscript service term to one year, as well as ongo- helped recruitment by providing highly competitive re- ing challenges in recruiting professional servicemen and muneration. Nevertheless, it remains unlikely that the women, meant that at the beginning of 2014 the services ambitious recruitment plan can be ful#lled within one were only 82% manned – a shortage of nearly 200,000 year. Analysts suggest that the long-established pattern personnel. Despite exceeding contract-service recruit- of failing to meet unrealistic contract-recruitment targets ment targets for 2013, this problem persisted throughout will persist. 2014, leading to a reduction in 2014 recruitment plans. Meanwhile, improved results have been reported for The total number of contract-service soldiers was in- conscription. The spring 2014 draft brought in 154,000 tended to reach 240,000 by the end of 2014. These mainly personnel, with an apparent 20% reduction in evasion. sta" the combat sub-units of the Airborne Assault Troops From autumn 2014, recruits with a higher level of edu- (VDV) and other special-operations forces, although they cation have the option of serving on superior contract also work on submarines and other complex or costly terms for two years instead of completing the mandatory equipment. Support and artillery sub-units, however, re- one-year conscription period. main largely conscript-manned, including those in VDV Increased attention to training reserves was a major divisions. As a consequence, even elite formations are new initiative. A special Reserves Command was formed su"ering from the introduction of the one-year conscrip- at the end of 2013 in each of the four military districts. tion term. Special-forces units, for example, could not be These are responsible for the training and mobilisation deployed in full to Crimea in 2014, as they included a con- of reservists as well as the maintenance of equipment at tingent of conscripts only drafted the previous autumn. storage depots; and for using these reserves and equip- These troops had been in the armed forces for less than ment to deploy full-strength combat units during mo- six months at that point and had to remain behind. As a bilisation. They are a major departure from the previous result, these units could #eld no more than two-thirds of practice, whereby call-up o$ces and the commanders of their o$cial strength. active brigades and divisions were responsible for mobili- Plans to increase the number of contract-service per- sation. The new system should relieve these commanders sonnel to 350,000 by 2015 have been announced. This of a number of associated tasks. It can also be seen as a Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 would require a recruitment campaign of unprecedented response to changes in armed forces’ sta$ng in recent scale, bringing in 150,000 new contract-service person- years, which has led to fewer trained reservists being nel for the army within a year – signi#cantly higher than available after conscript service, and therefore more care both the 2013 and 2014 recruitment #gures. The inten- required in their management. tion is to #ll contract posts in the VDV, increase numbers In addition, the new commands will be responsible for in the land forces more broadly and put contract-service new types of reserves, such as a voluntary high-readiness personnel in 75% of semi-skilled posts, such as combat- reserve made up of those who have recently completed vehicle drivers and maintenance sta". military service. In the #rst phase, in 2015, the defence Strong Russian public support for operations in Crimea ministry plans to recruit 8,600 of this type of reservist, pri- has boosted the armed forces’ popularity, adding to the marily in specialist trades. 164 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

ŬŪūŭǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūŮȱȱŬŪūŰǯ 3.5 3.40 3.15 3.06 ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ 2.91 3.0 2.76 2.71 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬŮȱ Fencer ȱ ȬĴȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ 2.5 ȬŭŪȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȬŬų Ȧ ȱęȱ 2.0 ȱȱȱȂȱȬȱǯȱ 1.5

ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱ- % of GDP ȱȱȱ ȱ Mistral ȬȱȬȱ 1.0 Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ŭŬȱ ȱ ȬůŬ ȱ 0.5 Hokum ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ 0.0 ȱȱ Ȃȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 ȱ¡ȱȱǯ Figure 8 Estimated Russian Defence Strategic Rocket Forces Expenditure as % of GDP ȱȱȱȱǻǼȱȱȱȱ ȱ ěȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǯȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱ ȱȱŭǯŭȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱȱ ǻǞŲŲǯŭǼǰȱȱ ȱŬǯůȱǻǞűŪǼȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȬ ȱŬǯūȱǻǞŰŰǯūǼȱȱŬŪūŭǯ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ Sarmat , ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Ȭǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ State Armaments Programme ȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱȬȬ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ęȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱ ǻŬŪūūȮūůǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǯȱ ŬŪǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǞŮŭŰǯůǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȬ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢ǲȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȬŬŮȱ Yars ȱǰȱȱȬȱȱȬȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȬȱ ȱ Yars ȱȱŬŪūŮǯȱȱȬŬŰǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůǰȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūůǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŰȱ ȱ ŬŪūűȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ DEFENCE ECONOMICS ȱȱ¢ȱȱȂȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ - Defence Spending ȱ¡ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŬŪūŮ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱȱŭǯůƖȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūůǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŭǯūůƖȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ ȱȱǰȱȱŬŪūůȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱŮǯŬƖȱȱ ǰȱȱȱŭǯűƖȱȱŬŪūŰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪȱ ȱ ȱ űŪƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŭǯŰƖȱȱŬŪūűǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȁȂǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱŬŪūůǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŬůƖǰȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱǻȱȱŮǰȱǯȱūŰűǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǻ Ǽȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 165

Real % Change (2013–14) 2014 Defence Spending (US$bn) Between 10% and 20% increase 70.05 Between 3% and 10% increase Between 0% and 3% increase 2.5 2 Between 0% and 3% decrease 1 Between 3% and 10% decrease .5 Insuf"cient data .01

[1] Map illustrating 2014 planned defence-spending levels (in US$ at market exchange rates), as well as the annual real percentage change in planned defence spending between 2013 and 2014 (at constant 2010 prices and exchange rates). Percentage changes in defence spending can vary considerably from year to year, as states revise the level of funding allocated to defence. Changes indicated Russia here highlight the short-term trend in planned defence spending between 2013 and 2014. Actual spending changes prior to 2013, and projected spending levels post-2014, are not re#ected.

Belarus

Ukraine Russia and Eurasia Moldova Kazakhstan

Georgia Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Azerbaijan Armenia

Turkmenistan Tajikistan

Map 3 Russia and Eurasia Regional Defence Spending 1

ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ - ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Bulava ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪŬŪǰȱ ȱȱȱ - ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ǯ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬŮŪŪȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Defence industry ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ - Ȃȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬůŪŪȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ę - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŬŪǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Armata- ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱȬȱȱȱȱ Kurganets ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Bumerang ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūůȮūŰǯ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱȱŬŪŬůȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱŬŪŬŪǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūŰȮŬůȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱŬŪūůǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȬȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱĚǰȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱȬǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 166 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

ǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ 3,500

ȱȱę¢ǰȱȱȱȬȱ 3,000 ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ 2,500 ŬŪūŬǯ 2,000 - ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ 1,500 ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 1,000 Defence Expenditure (R bn) ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ ȱ ȱ 500 Ǟūůǯűȱȱȁ¢ȬȱȂǰȱȱȱ 0 ȱǰȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 ȱŰŪƖǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ Sources: Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat), Russian Ministry of Finance, Federal ¢Ȭȱǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱ Treasury and State Duma. 1National defence expenditure "gures from 2005 to 2013 re#ect actual expenditure, "gure for 2014 ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ - re#ects the amended federal budget and "gures for 2015 to 2017 re#ect the draft national budget. ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ȱǯȱ Figure 9 Russia Defence Expenditure Trends ¡ǰȱȱȱŲůƖȱȱ¡ǰȱȱ (2005–17)1 ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱǞūŭȱȱȱ ¡ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪŪŰǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢Ȭ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ

The Ukraine crisis & Russia’s defence industry in 2014 The con&ict in Ukraine posed new problems for Russia’s require billions of dollars’ worth of investment, and will defence industry, in particular the decision by Ukraine’s likely take at least #ve to ten years to achieve. new president, Petro Poroshenko, to prohibit all military Sanctions imposed by the United States and the Euro- cooperation with Russia. While the overall volume of pean Union on the defence sector – including measures Ukrainian military deliveries to Russia has been relatively against speci#c Russian companies – are unlikely to have modest, there are several major dependencies that could a signi#cant impact on the implementation of the State create di$culties. The most signi#cant are Ukraine’s sig- Armaments Programme, principally because there has ni#cant role as a supplier of engines for some Russian- been no far-reaching defence-industrial integration with built helicopters and #xed-wing aircraft, the supply of Western states. More signi#cant threats to Russia’s mili- power units for ships (including some of the new surface tary-modernisation e"orts are moves by the West to re- vessels now being built under the State Armaments Pro- strict its access to dual-use technologies. Russia’s defence gramme) and the role of Ukrainian enterprises in keeping industry will likely be hard hit by a cessation of European Russia’s RS-20 (SS-18 Satan ) heavy ICBMs in operational electronic-component imports, and may come to rely use. The Russian government has either adopted an im- more heavily on China and other Asian producers for sub- port substitution programme to secure domestic produc- stitutes. Russia’s ambitious programme to modernise its Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 tion of military materiel currently supplied by Ukraine, or defence-industrial production base will also be a"ected. it has turned to Belarus to augment supply chains. Addi- With few exceptions, the domestic machine-tool industry tionally, some Ukrainian aircraft- and shipbuilding-sector is unable to produce the advanced equipment required. workers are reported to have transferred to Russia follow- Consequently, Russian defence-industrial plants have ing the loss of their jobs, although the extent and impact been buying advanced machine tools and other produc- that this in&ux of skilled labour will have on Russian de- tion equipment in signi#cant quantities from leading fence production is unclear. Deputy Prime Minister Dmi- European, Japanese and US #rms, and the state-owned try Rogozin stated that Russia will need two to three years arms manufacturer Rostec Corporation has been organ- to achieve independence from Ukrainian inputs, but this ising joint enterprises with some of these companies in is probably overly optimistic. Full import substitution will Russia. Russia and Eurasia 167

Table 4 Russian Arms Procurement 2011–13 & Approximate State Armaments Programme 2020 Objectives 2014 State 2011 2012 2013 Defence Order Total to 2020 ICBMs 7 9 15* 15* 400+ SLBMs 20* 15* 15* Military Satellites a 9 6 15 100+ Fixed-wing aircraft 28 35 67 100 850* of which combat aircraft 16* 30* 45* 450* Helicopters 82 118 100 90* 1,120 of which combat helicopters 22 35 31 350* UAVs 15 4,000+ S-400 air-defence systems (divisions) 2 2 2 2 56 Strategic nuclear submarines 0 0 2 1 8 Multi-role nuclear submarines 0 0 0 1 7 Diesel-electric submarines 0 0 0 1 8 to 10 Surface combat shipsb 1 1 1 4 50 Russia and Eurasia Tanks 2,300+ Iskander missile systems (brigades) 2 2 10 *Estimates aTotal number, excluding failed launches; bMainly frigates and corvettes

ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ūŪȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬǯ ǻ¢ȱǼȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ǯȱ CENTRAL ASIA ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ǰȱ ȱęȱȱ ȱȬȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūŭǰȱȱ- ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ££ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȂȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱŭŪȬ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ ǯȱ ȱěǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ŬŪūȱ ȬĚȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ űǰŪŪŪȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢ǰȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȬ¢ȱȱȮȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢Ȭȱǯȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ ǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬůȱ Frogfoot ȱǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȬĴȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ¢ȱȱŬŪūūȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ Mistral Ȭȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢- Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱȱǯȱ ¢¢£ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŭȱ 168 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

ȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱȱūŬȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ - ȱŬŪŪųȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ - ¢ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ¢Ȃǯ ȱȱȱěȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǯȱȱ¢Ȭȱ¢ȱ ȱǰȱ £ǰȱ ȱȱŰǰŲŪŪȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ £ȱȬŬųůȱȱǰȱȱ - ŬůƖȱȬȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǲȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱ Steppe Eagle ȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ £ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūűǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯ ȱȱȱ ȱȱęǰȱȱȱ £ȱ ȱȱȱ £ȱȱȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ěȱ ęȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱ - ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱŬŪŲȱȱȱŬŲȱȱǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ěȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ - ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ £Ȃȱ ¢ȱůŪƖȱȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱ - ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭęȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ūǰŮŪŪȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱǯ ŬŪūŮȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ UKRAINE ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱŬŪūŭǯ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ£ȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Strategic Survey ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮ ȱǻǯȱūůūȮŰŮǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ Ȃȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ¢¢£ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǻ£ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱūųȮŬŪȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǼȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱűŪȱȬȱȱȱǯ ȬȬǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ěȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ŭūȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱŬŪūŮȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŬŪŪŮȱǰȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 169

Russia

Ukraine

Dzhankoy

CRIMEA 12–14 Mar

Kerch

9 Mar 6 Mar 15 Mar Ferry Yevpatoriya crossing Novofedorovka Gvardeiskoye Fedosiya 28 Feb Simferopol

22 Mar Kacha 1 Mar 24 Mar

Belbek air base Russia and Eurasia 27 Feb Sevastopol Main roads 1 Mar Yalta Main railroads 9 Mar

27 Feb Pro-Russian militia seize govt buildings 6 Mar Ochakov Kara-class cruiser scuttled to 15 Mar S-300PS SAM deployed in Crimea at including the parliament (Simferopol); VDV, block entrance to Black Sea Gvardeiskoye Spetsnaz and other Special Operations Forces 9 Mar Ukrainian naval air base at Novofedor- 19 Mar Russian forces take control of involved; Azov landing ship unloads Marines ovka in Russian hands; Bastion-P deployed remaining military bases and vessels 28 Feb Crimean aiports, including Simferopol, (identi"ed in Sevastopol) 22 Mar Belbek under Russian control seized; Belbek airport runway blocked; 12 Mar 18th Independent Motor-ri#e Brigade 24 Mar Special Operations Forces seize 1st 3 Mi-8 and 8 Mi-35M land at Kacha air base; enters Crimea via Kerch ferry crossing (with Marines Regiment in Fedosiya Il-76s land at Gvardeiskoye BTR-82A) 25 Mar Following the capture of the ship 1 Mar Spetsnaz brigade arrives in Simferopol; 13 Mar train with military equipment enters Cherkassy Russia secures military control of four Russian landing ships dock at Sevastopol Crimea via Kerch Crossing Crimea with more Spetsnaz 14 Mar 291st Artillery Brigade in Crimea via 5 Mar Additional Spetsnaz, VDV, Special Kerch Operations Forces arrive Map 4 Russia Seizes Crimea

ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱ The seizure of Crimea ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŬȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱȱ ȱȱ - ę¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱŬűȮŬŲȱ¢ǰȱ ȱǯȱ Ȭȱȱ¢Ȃȱ ¢ȱȬȱǰȱȱȱȁȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȱȱȂȱȱȱǯȱ ȬȱȂǰȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ŰŪƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱȁȱ ȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȂǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ȃȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȂȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȁȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǲȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱȱǯ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ 170 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

¢ȱ ȱȱǯȱ¢ȱǰȱ¢ȱǰȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ūƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¢ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ěȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱŬŪūūȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ŬŪūŭǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱęǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȬȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱĚ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬųȱ ȱ ȬŬűȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ- ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǲȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱǲȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱę¡Ȭ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȬȱĚȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȬȱ ǯ ȁĴȱȱȂȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Con"ict in Ukraine’s east ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūŰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ųűƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȂǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŬųȱ ȱ ǲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȂȱ¡ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱ ȬŬųȱĚȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱĚȱȱǰȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱǯȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǻȱȬȱǼȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱŬůȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ Cherkassy , ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱǯ ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱǻȱ Ukraine’s armed forces ¢ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ - ¢ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮ ȱȱȱȁȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǽȱ ¢Ǿȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ĚȂǰȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 171

The emergence of a pro-Russian separatist movement in eastern Ukraine in 2014, centred in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, and supported by armed militia, has led to bier military confrontation with forces loyal to Kiev. Slovyansk, some 150km west of Luhansk, marked the most westerly extent of separatist gains by April. The city was retaken in early July 2014 as the government’s initially faltering counter-offensive gained strength. By the first week in August, state forces had effectively surrounded Luhansk, while there was heavy fighting between government and separatist forces in Donetsk. Now under heavy pressure themselves, the separatists were able to launch an offensive in the far south of the Dontesk region at the end of August, seizing Novoazovsk and advancing toward Mariupol on the coast. This was part of a broader effort – with significant Russian support – to push back the Ukrainian armed forces and to regain as much territory as possible. Government forces pulled back from Luhansk airport at the beginning of September while fighting continued throughout October despite a 5 September truce, including around Donetsk and its airport. In early Novem- ber both NATO and the OSCE reported new sightings of unmarked military columns with heavy weaponry inside separatist-held areas.

17 Jul MH17 shot down LUHANSK 21 Aug NATO alleges OBLAST Russian self-propelled artillery inside Ukraine Russia and Eurasia 23 Aug NATO alleges RussianKHARKIV artillery and armour OBLAST directed at Ukraine Slovyansk Luhansk 27 Aug Novoazovsk seized; southern front opens 21 Aug

Hrabove DNIPROPETROVSK 17 Jul Horlivka OBLAST Shakhtarsk Torez Donetsk DONETSK OBLAST RUSSIA 23 Aug

APRIL 2014: Maximum extent ZAPORIZHZHYA of rebel control OBLAST EARLY AUGUST 2014: Novoazovsk Government UKRAINE counter-offensive; rebels pushed back Mariupol MID-OCTOBER 2014: 27 Aug Southern front opened; rebels regain momentum

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Sea of Azov Sources: IISS, BBC, OSCE, NATO © IISS Map 5 Con"ict in Eastern Ukraine

ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱ¡ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǲȱȱĚǰȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱȱȱǻ Ǽȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ěǰȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ 172 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱĚȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ ȱȱęȱĴǯȂȱ ȱȱȱȱŬŰȱȱǻ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȬűŬǰȱ ȱ ȱĴȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ - ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ȃȱǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŬűȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱȬ ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȂǯȱ ǰȱȱ ȱĜȱȱȱȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ£ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȁȂȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ¡ǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ Financial Times ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ȱȱŬŬȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ȁȃ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǵȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȄȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȂ ȱȱȱ£ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȬȱȬěȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱę ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŲȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȬȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱęǯ ǰȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȬȱȱǻȱǯȱūűŭǼǰȱȱ- ǰȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱǯȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȬ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȂȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱůȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ūűȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱĚ ȱȱĚȱȱȂȱȱ ȱ ȱĚȱ ūűȱ ȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱůȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱȱȱĚȱȱ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŭŪŪȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬȬȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱūųųŪǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȬǰȱ Buk ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȬȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Russia and Eurasia 173

ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱǯȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ŮŪǯůŭȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǻǞŭǯůųǼȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǻȱ Ĵȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢Ǽǰȱ ȱȱ - ȱęȱ¢ȱȱ¢Ȃȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūůǯŰƖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŭȱǯȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ Űǯųȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǞŰūūȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯȱȱĴȱ ȱ - ȱ ůȱ ǻǞŮŮŬǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱ - ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮȱ ȱ ůŬǯŮȱ ǻǞŮǯŰŮǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȁȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȬȱǯ ¡ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ

ȱȱĚ¡ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ūůūȱ ǻǞūŭǯŮǼǯȱ ȱ ǰȱ Russia and Eurasia ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱĴǯȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȬȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ - Ĵȱ ȱȱǻǯǯȱǰȱ - ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ě - ȱ¢ȱȬȱȱȱǯȱǰȱ ȱȱŬŪūŮǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Defence economics ȱǲȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŬŪūŮǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ űűƖǯȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ - ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ěǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȮȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ ¡ȬȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱęȱȱ- ȱȱȱȬŬŪūŬǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮǯȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱŬŪūŮǱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǲȱ Ǟŭȱǻȱ ŭŮǼȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱŬŪūŮȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱęȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȬŰǯůƖǯȱȱĚȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Űŭȱ ȱȱ¡ȱǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ǻǞŮǯŲŲǼȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱŬŪūůȱ ¢ȱŬŪūŮȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱǞūűȱȱ Ȯȱȱȱȱȱȁ¢ȱŬŪŬŪȂȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ŬŪŬŪǰȱȱůƖȱȱ ǰȱęȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ - ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¡Ȭȱǯ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱǯ 174 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

MANOEUVRE Armenia ARM Mechanised ŗȱǻŗǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŘȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼȱ Armenian Dram d 2013 2014 2015 ŗȱǻŘǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŘȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǰȱ GDP d 4.27tr 4.59tr ŗȱ¢ȱǼ US$ 10.4bn 11.1bn ŗȱǻřǼȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŚȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǰȱ per capita US$ 3,173 3,373 ŗȱ¢ȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼȱ Growth % 3.5 3.2 ŗȱǻŚǼȱȱǻŚȱȱǲȱŗȱȱ¢ȱǲȱŗȱȱǼȱ In"ation % 5.8 1.8 ŗȱǻśǼȱȱǻ ȱŘȱęȱǼȱǻŗȱȱǼ Def bdgt [a] d 188bn 194bn Other ŗȱȱȱȱ US$ 458m 470m COMBAT SUPPORT FMA (US) US$ 2.7m 2.7m 1.7m ŗȱ¢ȱ US$1=d 409.63 412.81 ŗȱȱ [a] Includes imported military equipment, excludes military ŗȱȱ pensions ŗȱȱ Population 3,060,927 Řȱȱ ŗȱǻǼȱȱ Age 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus ŗȱȱ Male 9.8% 3.4% 4.2% 4.7% 21.4% 4.2% EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Female 9.3% 3.3% 4.3% 4.8% 24.2% 6.3% MBT ȱŗŖşǱȱřȱȬśŚǲȱśȱȬśśǲȱŗŖŗȱȬŝŘ AIFV ȱşŞǱ ŝśȱȬŗǲȱŜȱȬŗ ǲȱśȱȬŘǲȱŗŘȱȬŗ ȱ Capabilities APC (W) ŗřŖǱȱŞȱȬŜŖǲȱŗŖŖȱȬȬǲȱŗŞȱȬŝŖǲȱŚȱȬ ŞŖ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱ ARTY ȱŘřŘ ȱ Ȭ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ SP ȱřŞǱ 122mmȱŗŖȱŘŗǲ 152mmȱŘŞȱŘřȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ TOWEDȱŗřŗǱȱ122mmȱŜşȱȬřŖǲ 152mmȱŜŘǱȱŘŜȱŘřŜǲȱŘȱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȬŗǲȱřŚȱȬŘŖȱ - ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ MRL ȱśŗǱ 122mmȱŚŝȱȬŘŗǲ 273mmȱŚȱȬŞŖȱ - ȱȱȱĜǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ MOR 120mm ŗŘȱŗŘŖȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ AT • MSL • SP ŘŘǱȱşȱşŗŚŞǲȱŗřȱşŗŚş ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ AD ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ SAM ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ SP ȱŘ ŗŗȱKrug ȱǻȬŚȱ Ganef ǼǲȱŘ ŗŘȱKub ȱǻȬŜȱ Gainful Ǽǲȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ş řřȱ Osa ȱǻȬŞȱ Gecko Ǽ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ TOWEDȱȬŝśȱ Dvina ȱǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼǲȱȬŗŘśȱPechora ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽ ǰȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ - MANPAD ş řŗŖȱ Igla- ŗȱǻȬŗŜȱ Gimlet Ǽǲȱş řŞȱIgla ǻȬ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŞȱGrouse Ǽ ǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ GUNS ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ - SP ȬŘřȬŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - TOWED 23mm ȱȬŘřȬŘ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ UAV Light ŗś Krunk ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ RADAR • LAND ȱŜȱȬŗŖ MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱŗŘǱȱŞȱş ŝŘȱElbrus ȱǻȬŗȱ Scud ACTIVE 44,800 (Army 41,850 Air/AD Aviation B)ǲȱŚȱş ŝşȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ Forces (Joint) 1,100 other Air Defence Forces 1,850) AEV ȱȬ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Paramilitary 4,300 ARV ȱȬǲȱȬŗ Conscript liability ȱŘŚȱǯȱ RESERVES some mob reported, possibly 210,000 Air and Air Defence Aviation Forces 1,100 with military service within 15 years. ŗȱȱǭȱȱ ȱ FORCES BY ROLE GROUND ATTACK ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Army 22,900; 18,950 conscripts (total 41,850) AIRCRAFT ȱŗśȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE ATK ŗśǱȱŗřȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot; ȱŘȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot SPECIAL FORCES TPT ȱřǱȱHeavyȱŘȱ ȬŝŜȱCandid; PAX ȱŗȱřŗş ŗȱȱ TRG ȱŗŚǱȱŚȱȬřşȱAlbatros ǲȱŗŖȱȬśŘȱ Russia and Eurasia 175

HELICOPTERS ATK ȱŝȱȬŘŚȱHind Azerbaijan AZE ISR ȱŚǱȱŘȱȬŘŚ ȱHind ǲȱŘȱȬŘŚȱHind ȱǻȱǼ Azerbaijani New Manat m 2013 2014 2015 MRH ŗŖȱȬŞȱǻȱǼ C2 ŘȱȬşȱHip ȱ ȱǻȱǼ GDP m 57.7bn 60.5bn TPT • Light ŝȱȱȬŘ Hoplite US$ 73.5bn 77.9bn SAM • SP ȱȬřŖŖȦȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȦȬŘŖǼ per capita US$ 7,900 8,303 Paramilitary 4,300 Growth % 5.8 4.5 In"ation % 2.4 2.8 Ministry of Internal A#airs Def exp m 2.75bn FORCES BY ROLE US$ 3.5bn MANOEUVRE Def bdgt [a] m 1.53bn 1.64bn Other US$ 1.95bn 2.11bn Śȱ¢ȱ FMA (US) US$ 2.7m 2.7m 1.7m EQUIPMENT BY TYPE US$1=m 0.78 0.78 AIFV ȱśśǱȱśȱȬŗǲȱŚŚȱȬŗǲȱŗȱȬŗ ǲȱśȱȬŗ ȱ [a] O$cial defence budget. Excludes a signi#cant proportion of APC (W) ȱŘŚȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŗśŘ procurement outlays. Border Troops Population 9,686,210 ¢ȱȱȱ¢ Russia and Eurasia Age EQUIPMENT BY TYPE 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus AIFV ȱŚřǱ śȱȬŗǲȱřśȱȬŗǲȱřȱȬŗ ȱ Male 12.1% 4.2% 5.2% 4.8% 20.7% 2.4% APC (W) ȱŘřǱȱśȱȬŜŖǲȱŗŞȱȬŝŖȱ Female 10.5% 3.9% 5.0% 4.6% 22.7% 3.9%

DEPLOYMENT Capabilities Legal provisions for foreign deployment: ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Constitution: ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǰȱȱŘŖŖśǼ ȱ Ȭ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ Ǳ ȱ ȁ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Decision on deployment of troops abroad: ȱ¢ȱȱ - ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȁ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȂȱǻȱśȱǻŘǼȱǻŗǼǼǯȱǰȱȱǯȱśśȱǻŗřǼȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǼǯȱǻȱǯȱŞŗȱǻřǼȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ǯǼ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ - AFGHANISTAN ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ NATO Ȋȱ ȱŗŘŗ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - LEBANON ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - UN Ȋȱ ȱŗ ¢ȱȱ¡ȱ¢ǯȱ£ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ SERBIA ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ - NATO Ȋȱ ȱřŜ ȱ ȱ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ - UKRAINE ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ OSCE ȊȱȱŘ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 FOREIGN FORCES ACTIVE 66,950 (Army 56,850 Navy 2,200 Air 7,900) ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ Paramilitary 15,000 ȱȱȱȱȱ£ Conscript liability ȱ ŗŝȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ Bulgaria ȱŗ ȱǯȱ Czech Republic ȱŗ Poland ȱŗ RESERVE 300,000 ȱȱǲȱřŖŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ Russia řǰřŖŖǱȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŝŚȱȬŝŘǲȱŞŖȱȬ ŗǲȱŞŖȱȬŘǲȱŗŘȱŘŗǲȱŗŘȱȬŘŗǼǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱŗŞȱ ȬŘşȱ ȱŗśȱ¢ Fulcrum ǲȱŘȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽǲȱŗȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱŘ ŗŘȱ Kub ȱǻȬŜȱ Gainful Ǽ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Sweden ȱŗ Ukraine ȱŗ Army 56,850 176 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

FORCES BY ROLE PCC řǱ Řȱ Petrushka ȱ ǻȱ Ȭřǲȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽǲȱ ŗȱ COMMAND Shelon ǻ¡Ȭ ŗřŞŞǼ śȱȱ PB ȱřǱȱŗȱ Araz (ex- ȱȱŘśǼǲȱŗȱ Bryza ǻ¡ȬȱȱŝŘŘǼǲȱ MANEOEUVRE ŗȱ Poluchat ǻ¡Ȭ ȱřŜŞǼȱ Mechanised MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES ȱŚȱ Śȱȱ MHCȱ ŚǱȱ Řȱ Yevgenya ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗŘśŞǼǲȱ Řȱ Yakhont ȱ ǻȱ Light Sonya Ǽ ŗşȱȱ AMPHIBIOUS Ŝ Other LSMȱřǱȱŗȱ Polnochny AȱǻȱȱŝŝŖǼȱǻ¢ȱŜȱǲȱ ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗŞŖȱǼǲȱŘȱ Polnochny B ȱǻȱȱŝŝŗǼȱǻ¢ȱŜȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ǲȱŗŞŖȱǼ ŗȱ¢ȱ LCU ŗȱ Vydra ȕȱǻǼȱǻ¢ȱȱřȱȬřŖȱȱȱ ŗȱ¢ȱȱ ŘŖŖȱǼ ŗȱȱ LCMȱŘȱȬŚȱǻǼ ŗȱȱ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT ȱŚ ŗȱȱ AGS ŗȱǻȱȱŗŖŚŝŖǼȱ ŗȱȱ YTB Ř COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT YTD ŗȱȱ ŗ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Air Force and Air Defence 7,900 MBT ȱŚřřǱȱşśȱȬśśǲȱŘŚŚȱȬŝŘǲȱşŚȱȬşŖ AIFV ȱŘŗŞǱ ŘŖȱȬŗǲȱŚřȱȬŗǲȱřřȱȬŘǲȱŗŖŖȱȬřǲȱŗśȱ FORCES BY ROLE ȬŗǲȱŝȱȬŞŖȱ FIGHTER APC śŜŞ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum APC (T) ȱřřŜȱȬȱ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK APC (W) ȱŗŚŘǱȱŗŖȱȬŜŖǲȱŗřŘȱȬŝŖ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŗȱ Fishbed ǲȱȬŗŝȱ Ĵ ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ǲȱ PPV ȱşŖǱȱŚśȱMarauder; ŚśȱMatador ȬŘś Frogfoot ǲȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot B ARTY ȱśŚŘ TRANSPORT SP ȱŞŝǱȱ 122mmȱŚŜȱŘŗǲȱ 152mmȱŘŚǱȱŜȱŘřǲȱŗŞȱŘŗşȱ Msta Ȭǲȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŚŖȱ Codling 155mmȱśȱȬŘŖŖŖǲ 203mmȱŗŘȱŘŝȱ ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER TOWEDȱŘŖŝǱȱ 122mmȱŗŘşȱȬřŖǲȱ 130mmȱřŜȱȬŚŜǲȱ 152mm ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip ǲȱȬŘŚȱHind ǲȱȱȬŘȱ Hoplite ŚŘǱȱŗŞȱŘřŜǲȱŘŚȱȬŘŖ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE GUN/MOR 120mmȱřŜǱȱŗŞȱŘşȱǲȱŗŞȱŘřŗȱ Vena AIRCRAFT ȱŚŚȱȱ

MRL ŗŖŖƸǱȱ122mmȱśŘƸǱȱŚřȱȬŘŗǲȱşƸȱ Lynx ǲȱ 128mm FTR ȱŗŚȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ŗŘȱ ȬŗŘ ; 220mmȱŜȱȬŗǲ 300mmȱřŖȱşśŘȱSmerch FGA ȱŗŗǱȱŚȱ ȬŘŗȱ Fishbed ǻŗȱȱȱǼǲȱŚȱȬŗŝȱ Ĵ ǲȱ MOR 120mmȱŗŗŘǱȱśȱǲȱŗŖŝȱȬřŞ ŗȱȬŗŝȱ Ĵ ǲȱŘȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer † AT • MSL • MANPATS ş ŗŗȱ Malyutka ȱ ǻȬřȱ Sagger Ǽǲȱ ATK ŗşǱ ŗŜȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱřȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot B ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ȱǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱ Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱ TPT ȱŚǱȱMedium ȱŗȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱ Light ȱřȱȬŚŖȱ Codling ş ŗŗśȱ Metis ȱǻȬŝȱ Saxhorn ǼǲȱSpike Ȭȱ TRG ȱŚŖǱȱŘŞȱȬŘşȱę ǲȱŗŘȱȬřşȱAlbatros AD • SAM • SP ȱŘ ŗŗ Krug ȱǻȬŚȱ Ganef ǼǱȱş řřȱ Osa ȱǻȬŞȱ HELICOPTERS Gecko ǼȖǲȱş řśȱ Strela- ŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱ Gopher Ǽǲȱş řŝȱ Buk ȬŗȱǻȬ ŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ǽ ATK ȱŘŜȱȬŘŚȱHind MANPAD ş řŘ Strela ( Ȭŝ Grail ǲǼȱş řŚȱ Strela Ȭř ; ǻȬŗŚ MRH: ŘŖƸȱȬŗŝȬ ȱ Hip Gremlin Ǽǲȱş řŗŖȱ IglaȬŗ ǻȬŗŜȱ Gimlet Ǽǲȱş řřŞȱ IglaȬ ǻȬŘŚȱ TPT ȱŘŖǱȱMedium ȱŗřȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱ Light ȱŝȱȱȬŘȱ Hoplite Grinch Ǽ UAV • ISR • Medium Śȱ Aerostar MSL • SSMȱΉŚȱşŝşȱ Tochka ǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ AD • SAMȱ Ȭŝśȱ Dvina ȱ ǻȬŘȱ Guideline Ǽǲȱ ȬŗŘśȱ Neva ȱ ǻȬ RADAR • LAND ȱ Ȭŗȱ Long Trough ȦȬŘȦȬŜȱ Pork řȱ Goa ǼǲȱȦȬŘŖŖȱ Vega ȱǻȬśȱ Gammon ǼȱǲȱȬřŖŖȦŘȱ Trough ȱ ǻ¢Ǽǲȱ Small Fred/Small Yawn ȦȬŗŖȱ Big Fred ǻȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽȱ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ǻǰȱ¢Ǽǲȱ Ȭŗřȱ Long Eye ȱǻǼ MSL • AAM • IR ȱȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱ Aphid ǼǲȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱ Archer Ǽȱ UAV • ISR • Medium ȱřȱAerostar IR/SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱ Alamo Ǽ AEV ȱȬ MW Bozena Paramilitary ε15,000 Navy 2,200 Border Guard ε5,000 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ¢ȱȱ ȱě PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŞ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE CORVETTES • FS ȱŗȱKusar ȱǻ¡Ȭȱ Petya II Ǽȱ ȱŘȱȱ AIFV ȱŗŜŞȱȬŗȦŘȱ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerch ȱŘǰȱŘȱ ȱŝŜȱ APC (W) ȱŗşȱȬŜŖȦŝŖȦŞŖȱ PSO ŗȱ Luga ( Woodnik ŘȱǼȱǻȱȱŞŞŞǲȱȱ ARTY • MRL 122mm řȱȬŗŘŘ ȱǼ HELICOPTERS • ATK ȱŘŚȱȬřśȱHind Russia and Eurasia 177

Coast Guard ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŘŖŖśȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǯȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ ¢ȱȱȱȱŘŖŖȮřŖŖȱȱǰȱ ȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŗŘ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ę¡Ȭȱ ȱ ¢Ȭ ȱ ǯȱ PBF ȱŞǱȱŗȱOsa ǻȱȱŘŖśǼǲȱŘȱ Shaldag ȱǲȱŘȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱŗŞǰŖŖŖȮ ȱŚŞǲȱřȱ Stenka ŘŖǰŖŖŖǯȱǻȱǯȱŚşŗǯǼ PB ŚǱȱŘȱȱŗśŖǲȱŗȱ Point ȱǻǼǲȱŗȱ Grif ȱǻȱ ZhukǼ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • ARS ŗ Iva ȱǻȱ Vikhr Ǽ Belarus BLR Militia 10,000+ Belarusian Ruble r 2013 2014 2015 ¢ȱȱ ȱě GDP r 637tr 820tr EQUIPMENT BY TYPE US$ 71.7bn 77.2bn APC (W) ȱŝȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ per capita US$ 7,577 8,195 Growth % 0.9 0.9 DEPLOYMENT In"ation % 18.3 18.6 Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Def exp r ε6.05tr Constitution: ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǼ US$ ε681m Decision on deployment of troops abroad: ȱ¢ȱȱ US$1=r 8,879.99 10,630.36 Russia and Eurasia ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǯȱŗŖşǰȱǯȱŘŞǼ Population 9,608,058 AFGHANISTAN NATO Ȋȱ ȱşŚ Age 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Male 7.9% 2.5% 3.4% 4.3% 23.9% 4.5% FOREIGN FORCES Female 7.5% 2.4% 3.3% 4.1% 26.5% 9.7% ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱ Capabilities Bulgaria ȱŗ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Czech Republic ȱŗ ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Poland ȱŗ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŜǰȱȱȬŘŝȱȱǰȱ Sweden ȱŗ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ Ukraine ȱŗ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȬ ȱǯȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȬŘŝȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE CONTROL ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ śȱ £ȱ ǰȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŗşŞŞǰȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĚȱǯȱȱęȱ ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱŗşşŚǯȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȬ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ£ǯȱȱŗşşŚǰȱȱȱ ȱȱǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ACTIVE 48,000 (Army 16,500 Air 15,000 Special ȱȱȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȁȱ Operations Forces 6,000 Joint 10,500) Paramilitary Ȃǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ 110,000 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ RESERVE 289,500 (Joint 289,500 with mil service ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱǯȱ within last 5 years) £ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ǻȱ ȱ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ȱǰȱ Medvedev momentum falters in Nagorno- Karabakh ǰȱȱŘŖŗŗǯǼ Army 16,500 178 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

FORCES BY ROLE ȱǼǲȱ Medium ȱřȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱ Light ȱŞǱȱŗȱȬŘŚȱ Coke ǲȱŜȱ COMMAND ȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty Řȱȱ ȱǻȱǭȱȱǼ TRG ȱȱȬřşȱ Albatros MANOEUVRE HELICOPTERS Mechanised ATK ȱŚşȱȬŘŚȱHind Řȱȱ ISR ȱŘŖǱȱŞȱȬŘŚ ȱHind ŘǲȱŗŘȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ŗ ŘȱȱǻȬǼ TPT ȱŗŜŞǱȱHeavyȱŚřǱȱŘşȱȬŜȱHook ǲȱŗŚȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱ COMBAT SUPPORT Medium ȱŗŘśȱȬŞȱHip Řȱ¢ȱ MSL Řȱȱ ASMȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽǲȱ ȬŘşȱǻȬŗŚȱ Kedge Ǽ Řȱȱ ARM ȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽȱ ŗȱȱ AAM • IR ȱȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱ Aphid ǼǲȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱ Archer Ǽȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖ Alamo Ǽ MBT ȱśŗśǱȱŚŚŜȱȬŝŘǲȱŜşȱȬŞŖ AIFV ȱŗǰŖŗŗǱ ŞŝśȱȬŘǲȱŗřŜȱȬŗȱ Air Defence APC • APC (T) ȱśŖȱȬȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ARTY ȱşśŝ FORCES BY ROLE SP ȱŚřŚǱ 122mm ȱŗşŞȱŘŗǲ 152mm ȱŘřŜǱȱŗŖŞȱŘřǲȱŗŗŜȱŘśǲ ŗŘȱ AIR DEFENCE Řŗşȱ Farm ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ TOWED 152mmȱŗŞŖǱȱŚŞȱŘřŜǲȱŗřŘȱŘŜśȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱ Gammon ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŚŞȱŘşȱȱ Grumble Ǽ MRL ȱŘřŚǱ 122mm ȱŗŘŜȱȬŘŗǲ 220mm ȱŝŘȱşŗŚŖȱ Uragan ǲ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦȬŗŘȱ Giant Ǽ 300mmȱřŜȱşśŘȱSmerch ŗȱȱ ȱş řŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ǽ MOR 120mmȱŜŗȱŘŗŘȱ ŗȱȱ ȱş řŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ǽǲȱş řřŘȱTor ȬŘȱ AT • MSL ǻȬŗśȱ Gauntlet Ǽ SP ŘřŜǱȱŗŘŜȱşŗŚŞȱKonkurs ǲȱŗŗŖȱşŗŚşȱShturm Řȱȱ ȱş řřȱ Osa ǻȬŞȱ Gecko Ǽ MANPATS ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ȱ ǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗřȱ Konkurs Řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽ ǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱ Shturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽǲȱş ŗŗśȱ Metis ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ ǻȬŝȱ Saxhorn Ǽ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE RADAR • LAND ȱ Ȭŗřȱ Long Eye ȦȬŗȱ Long Trough Ȧ AD • SAM ȬŘȦȬŜȱ Pork Trough ȱǻ¢Ǽǲȱȱ Small Fred/Small Yawn Ȧ SP ȱş řŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ǼǲȱȬřŖŖǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator Ȧ ȬŗŖȱ Big Fred ȱǻǰȱ¢Ǽ ȬŗŘȱ Giant Ǽǲȱş řśȱ Strela ȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱ Gopher Ǽǲȱş řřȱ Osa MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱşŜǱȱřŜȱ Ȧşŝşȱ Tochka ǻȬ ǻȬŞȱ Gecko ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱŗŘȱş řřŘȱ Tor - ŘŗȱScarab ǼǲȱŜŖȱScud ŘȱǻȬŗśȱ Gauntlet Ǽ AEV ȱȬ TOWEDȱȬŗŘśȱ Pechora ȱǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽ VLB ȱȱ STATIC ȱȬŘŖŖȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ Air Force and Air Defence Forces 15,000 Special Operations Forces 6,000 ¢ȱȱ ŗśȱȦ¢ FORCES BY ROLE FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES FIGHTER ŗȱȱ Řȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȦȱ Fulcrum MANOEUVRE GROUND ATTACK Mechanised Řȱȱ ȱȬŘś Ȧ ȱ Frogfoot Ȧ ŘȱǻǼȱȱ TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Coke ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱ ȬŝŜȱ APC • APC (W) ȱŗşŘǱȱřşȱȬŝŖǲȱŗśřȱȬŞŖ Candid ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ARTY • TOWED 122mmȱŚŞȱȬřŖ AT • MSL • MANPATS Fagot Spigot Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 TRAINING ş ŗŗŗȱ ȱǻȬŚȱ Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱ ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱ Albatros Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱ Shturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽǲȱş ŗŗśȱ ATTACK HELICOPTER Metis ȱǻȬŝȱ Saxhorn Ǽ ȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER Joint 10,500 (Centrally controlled units and ȱǻȱǼȱȱ ȱȬŜȱ Hook ǲȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱȬŘŚ ȱ MoD sta") Hind ȱ ŘǲȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ȱ ŗǲȱȬŘŜȱ Halo FORCES BY ROLE EQUIPMENT BY TYPE COMBAT SUPPORT AIRCRAFT ȱŝŘȱȱȱ ŗȱ¢ȱ FTR řŞȱ ȬŘşȦȱ Fulcrum ŗȱȱ FGA ǻŘŗȱȬŘŝȦȱ Flanker ȦȱȬǼ Řȱȱ ATK řŚȱȬŘś Ȧ ȱ Frogfoot Ȧ Řȱȱ TPT ȱŗřǱȱHeavyȱŘȱ ȬŝŜȱCandid ȱǻƸşȱȱ ȬŝŜȱȱȱ ŗȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 179

ŗȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ Ȭ Řȱȱ ȱȱȬȱǯȱȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ APC • APC (T) ȱŘŖȱȬȱ ȱȱĚǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ARTY ȱŗşŜ ȱ ȬŝŘȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Spyder ȱ ¢ȱ SP 152mmȱŝŖȱŘś ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ TOWED 152mmȱşŖȱŘŜśȱ ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ 300mmȱřŜȱşśŘȱSmerch ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŘȱ MSL • TACTICAL • SSMȱşŜǱȱřŜȱ Ȧşŝşȱ Tochka ǻȬ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŗȱScarab ǼǲȱŜŖȱScud ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ Paramilitary 110,000 ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¢Ȭȱȱȱȱǯȱ Border Guards 12,000 ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȮȱȱȬ ¢ȱȱ ȱȬĴȱǰȱȬȱȱȱ Militia 87,000 ȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ministry of Interior Troops 11,000 ȱȱǰȱȱȱǯ Russia and Eurasia ACTIVE 20,650 (Army 17,750 Air 1,300 National DEPLOYMENT Guard 1,600) Paramilitary 11,700 LEBANON Conscript liability ȱŗŞȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱŘ SOUTH SUDAN ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE UN Ȋȱ ȱŚȱ Army 14,000; 3,750 conscript (total 17,750) UKRAINE FORCES BY ROLE OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ FOREIGN FORCES MANOEUVRE Russia ȱŗȱȱĚȱ ȱśȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker ǲȱŗȱȬśŖȱ Mainstay ǲȱŚȱ Light ȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽ śȱȱ Amphibious ŘȱȱȱǻŗȱǼ Georgia GEO COMBAT SUPPORT Řȱ¢ȱ Georgian Lari 2013 2014 2015 ŗȱȱ GDP lari 26.8bn 29.2bn ŗȱȱ US$ 16.1bn 16.1bn ŗȱ ȱ ŗȱȱ per capita US$ 3,597 3,607 COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT Growth % 3.2 5.0 ŗȱȱ In"ation % -0.5 4.6 EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Def bdgt lari 660m 711m 750m MBT ȱŗŘřǱȱŘřȱȬśśǲȱŗŖŖȱȬŝŘ US$ 397m 393m RECCE ŚƸȱDidgori ȬŘ FMA (US) US$ 14m 12m 10m Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 AIFV ȱŝŘǱ ŘśȱȬŗǲȱŚŜȱȬŘǲȱŗȱȬŗ US$1=lari 1.66 1.81 APC ȱŗşşƸ APC (T) ȱŜşƸǱȱřƸȱLazika ǲȱŜŜȱȬ Population 4,935,880 APC (W) ȱŗŘŖƸǱȱŘśȱȬŝŖǲȱŗşȱȬŞŖǲȱŞƸȱ Didgori ȬŗǲȱřƸȱ Age 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Didgori ȬřǲȱŜśȱEjder PPV ȱŗŖ Cougar Male 9.3% 3.2% 4.1% 4.0% 21.2% 6.0% ARTY ȱŘŚŖ Female 8.3% 2.8% 3.9% 4.0% 23.8% 9.3% SP ȱŜŝ 152mmȱŜŜǱȱřŘȱǲȱŘŖȱŘŗǲȱŗřȱŘřǲȱŗȱŘŗşǲȱ Capabilities 203mmȱŗȱŘŝȱ TOWEDȱŝŗǱ 122mmȱśŞȱȬřŖǲȱ152mmȱŗřǱȱřȱŘřŜǲȱŗŖȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ŘŜśȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖŞǰȱ MRL 122mmȱřŝǱȱŗřȱȬŘŗǲȱŜȱ ǲȱŗŞȱȬŝŖȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ MOR 120mmȱŜśǱȱŗŚȱŘŗŘǲȱřřȱȬŝśǲȱŗŞȱŗŘŖ 180 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

AT ȱΉśŖ AFGHANISTAN MSL ȱΉŗŖ NATO Ȋȱ ȱŝśśǲȱŗȱȱȱ GUNS ȱΉŚŖȱ CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLCI AD • SAM • SP ş řśȱ Strela ȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱ Gopher ǼǲȱSpyder NATO MANPAD Grom ;ȱş řŘȱStrela ȬŘ ǻȬŝ Grail ǼȖǲȱş řŜȱ Ȋȱ ȱŗŚŖǲȱŗȱȱ¢ Strela ȬřȱǻȬŗŚ Gremlin Ǽǲȱş řŗŖȱIglaȬŗȱǻȬŗŜȱ Gimlet Ǽ SERBIA OSCE Ȋȱ ȱŚ Air Force 1,300 (incl 300 conscript) UKRAINE ŗȱȱǰȱŗȱȱȱ OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIRCRAFT ȱŗŘȱȱ ATK ȱŗŘǱȱřȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱŝȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot ǲȱŘȱȬŘśȱ TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT Frogfoot B DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE TPT • Light ȱşǱȱŜȱȬŘȱ Colt ǲȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ȱǻ ǼǲȱŘȱ CONTROL ȬŚŖȱ Codling ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŖŞȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ TRG ȱşȱȬŘşȱę ǰȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ HELICOPTERS ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ATK ŜȱȬŘŚȱHind ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ TPT ȱŘşȱMedium ȱŗŝȱȬŞȱHip ǲ Light ȱŗŘȱȱŘŖśȱǻ Ȭ ȱȱȱǯ ŗ ȱ Iroquois Ǽ UAV • ISR • Medium ŗƸ Hermes ȱŚśŖ FOREIGN FORCES AD • SAMȱŗȮŘȱȱş řŝȱ Buk ȬŗȱǻȬŗŗ ȱ Ě¢ ǼǰȱŞȱş řřȱ Osa Ȭ ȱǻȬŞȱ Gecko Ǽȱǻ ȱ¢ǼǰȱŜȬŗŖȱş řřȱ Osa Ȭ ȱ Russia ȱŝǰŖŖŖǲȱŗȱȱȱȱ ȱǻ£Ǽȱ ȱǻŗȱ ȱȱ¢ǯ ȱǲȱŚŖȱȬşŖǲȱŗŘŖȱȬŞŘǲȱŗŞȱŘřǲȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǲȱŗŞȱȬ ŘŗǲȱȱȬřŖŖȱǲȱȱȱǼǲȱŗȱȱȱȱȦ National Guard 1,600 active reservists opcon ȱǻǯȱǼȱ ȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŚŖȱȬŝŘǲȱŗŘŖȱȬ Army ŘǲȱřŜȱŘřǲȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǼ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Kazakhstan KAZ Light ŗȱȱ Kazakhstani Tenge t 2013 2014 2015 GDP t 35.3tr 40.3tr Paramilitary 11,700 US$ 232bn 226bn Border Guard 5,400 per capita US$ 13,509 12,950 Growth % 6.0 4.6 Coast Guard In"ation % 5.8 6.9 ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ Def bdgt t 348bn 363bn 377bn ȱŘŖŖşȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ US$ 2.29bn 2.03bn ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǯ FMA (US) US$ 1.8m 1.5m 0.8m EQUIPMENT BY TYPE US$1=t 152.13 178.68 PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŘŗ PBF ŜǱȱŚȱȱŚřǲȱŗȱ Kaan 33; ŗȱ Kaan 20 Population 17,948,816 PB ȱŗśǱȱŗȱAkhmeta ǲȱŘȱDauntless ǲȱŘȱDilos ǻ¡Ȭ Ǽǲȱŗȱ Ethnic groups: Kazakh 51%; Russian 32%; Ukrainian 5% ; German Kutaisi ǻ¡ȬȱȱŘśǼǲȱŘȱ Point ǲȱŝȱZhuk ǻřȱ¡Ȭ Ǽ 2% ; Tatar 2% ; Uzbek 13% ǻȱȱŘŖȱȱȱȱȱǼȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 AMPHIBIOUS • LANDING CRAFT • LCU ŗȱ Vydra Age 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus ǻ¡Ȭ Ǽ Male 12.5% 3.7% 4.5% 4.7% 20.1% 2.4% LOGISTIC AND SUPPORT • YTL ŗȱ Female 12.6% 3.5% 4.4% 4.7% 22.4% 4.6% Ministry of Interior Troops 6,300 Capabilities DEPLOYMENT £ȂȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŗȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ Legal provisions for foreign deployment of armed ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ forces: ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Constitution: ȱęȱȱǻŗşşśǼ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Decision on deployment of troops abroad: ȱ¢ȱȱ - £Ȃȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǯȱŗŖŖǼ ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 181

ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ MSL • SSMȱŗŘȱş ŝşȱTochka ǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ - AEV ȱȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȬřŖŖȱȬȱ¢ - Navy 3,000 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ŗŝ Ȭȱȱ ȱęǯȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȬ - PCG ŗȱ Kazakhstan Řȱȱȱ ȱřŚŘŚȱ Uran ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ Ghibka ȱȱ ȱȬȬ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱěȱȱ - ŗŖȱGimlet ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ PBF śǱȱřȱSea Dolphin; Řȱ Saygak; ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ PB ŗśǱȱŚȱAlmaty ǲȱřȱArchangel; ŗ Dauntless ǲȱŚȱSardar ǲȱŗ Turk ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǻȱŘśǼǲȱŘ Zhuk ǻȱ ȱŗȱ¢ȱȱǼ ȱȱ¢Ȭ ȱȱȬȱę¡Ȭ ȱȱ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • AGS ŗȱ Zhaik ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŘşśǯȱ ǰȱ - ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱȱȱ Coastal Defence MANOEUVRE ȱȱȱęȱĴȱȱȱǯ Other ACTIVE 39,000 (Army 20,000 Navy 3,000 Air 12,000 ŗȱȱȱ MoD 4,000) Paramilitary 31,500 Conscript liability ȱŗŘȱ Air Force 12,000 (incl Air Defence)

¢ȱ ŗŖŖȱȦ¢ Russia and Eurasia ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Army 20,000 ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȦ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ŚȱȱǱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ Řȱȱ ȱ ȬřŗȦ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Řȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȱ Flogger ǲȱ ȬŘřȱ Flogger C MANOEUVRE Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker Armoured GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot Mechanised TRANSPORT Śȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ǲȱȬŗśŚȱ Careless, Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǰȱȬŘŜȱ Curl, ȬřŖȱ Clank ǰȱȬŝŘȱ Śȱȱȱ Coaler COMBAT SUPPORT TRAINING řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřşȱ Albatros ŗȱȱ ATTACK HELICOPTER řȱȱȱ śȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind EQUIPMENT BY TYPE TRANSPORT HELICOPTER MBT ȱřŖŖȱȬŝŘ ȱȱ ȱȱŘŖśȱǻ Ȭŗ ǼǲȱŗŚśǲȱȬŞȱ Hip; ȱȬ RECCE ȱŗŖŖǱȱŚŖȱǲȱŜŖȱ ŗŝȬśȱHip ǲȱȬŘŜȱHalo AIFV ŜśŘǱ śŖŖȱȬŘǲȱŗŖŝȱȬŞŖǲȱŚřȱȬŞŘǲȱŘȱȬ AIR DEFENCE ř ȱȱ ȱȬŝśȱ Volkhov ȱǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼǲȱȬŗŘśȱ APC řśŝ Neva ȱǻȬřȱ Goa ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱŘ ŗŗȱKrug APC (T) ŗśŖȱȬȱ ǻȬŚȱ Ganef ǼǲȱȬŘŖŖȱAngara ǻȬśȱ Gammon ǼǲȱŘ ŗŘȱKub APC (W) ȱŘŖŝǱȱŗşŖȱȬŞŖǲȱŗŝȱ Cobra ǻȬŜȱ Gainful Ǽ ARTY ȱŜŖŘ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE SP ȱŘŚŜǱ 122mmȱŗŘŜǱȱŗŘŖȱŘŗǲȱŜȱSemser ǲȱ 152mmȱŗŘŖȱŘřȱ AIRCRAFT ȱŗŘŘȱȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 TOWEDȱŗśŖǱ 122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬřŖǲ 152mmȱśŖȱŘŜśǲȱ FTR ȱśśǱȱŗŘȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŘȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŚŗȱ (122mmȱȱȱřŖŖȱȬřŖȱȱǼ ȬřŗȦ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound GUN/MOR 120mmȱŘśȱŘşȱ Anona FGA śřǱȱŘŚȱ ȬŘŝȱ Flogger ȱǲȱŚȱ ȬŘř Flogger ǲȱŘŗȱ MRL ȱŗŗŞǱ 122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŗȱ Grad ǲ 300mmȱŗŞȱLynx ȬŘŝȱ Flanker; ȱŚȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker ǻ ȱśŖȱǼǲȱǻ 122mmȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŗȱ Grad ǲȱ 220mmȱŗŞŖȱ ATK ŗŚǱȱŗŘȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot; ȱŘȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot şŗŚŖȱUragan ȱȱǼȱ ISR ȱŗȱȬřŖ Clank MORȱŜřȱSP 120mm ȱŗŞȱȱ 120mmȱŚśȱŘŗŗȦŗŘŖȱ TPT ȱŗśǱȱMedium ȱŘȱȬŗŘȱ Cub Ǳȱ Light ŗŘǲȱŜȱȬŘŜȱ Curl, AT 2 ȬŝŘȱ Coaler ǲȱŘȱȬŘşśǲȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ǲȱ PAX ȱŗȱȬŗśŚȱ MSL Careless SP ȱřȱȬ TRG ȱŗŝȱȬřşȱAlbatros MANPATS ȱş ŗŗŗ Fagot ǻȬŚ Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱKonkurs HELICOPTERS ǻȬś Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗśȱMetis ǻȬŜ Spiral Ǽȱ ATK ŚŖƸȱȬŘŚȱHind ȱǻęȱşȱǼ GUNS 100mmȱŜŞȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ MRH ŘŖȱȬŗŝȬś Hip 182 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

TPT ȱŜŚǱȱHeavy ŘȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲ Medium ȱśŖȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱ Light ŗŘǱ ŜȱȬŘŖśȱǻ Ȭŗ ǼǲȱŜȱŗŚś Capabilities AD • SAMȱŗŚŝƸȱ ¢¢£ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ SP ȱŚŝƸǱȱŘŖȱŘ ŗŘȱKub ȱǻȬŜȱ Gainful) ǲȱŘŝƸȱŘ ŗŗ Krug ǻȬŚ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭ Ganef) ȦȬŘŖŖȱ Angara ȱǻȬśȱ Gammon ǼǲȱǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ Grumble Ǽ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗřǰȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ TOWEDȱŗŖŖȱȬŝś Volkhov ǻȬŘ Guideline Ǽǲ ȬŗŘś Neva ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ MSL ȱ ȱ ȬȬǰȱ ěȱ ¢ȱ ASMȱ ȬŘřȱǻȬŝȱ Kerry ǼȖǲȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽǲȱ ȬŘşȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ǻȬŗŚȱ Kedge Ǽ ȁȱȂǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ - ARMȱ ȬŘŞȱǻȬşȱ Kyle Ǽǲȱ ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŘȱ Kegler Ǽǲȱ ȬśŞȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱ ¢¢£ȱȱ AAM • IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱ Aphid ǼǲȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱ Archer ǼǲȱIR/ ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱ Alamo ǼǲȱSARH ȬřřȱǻȬşȱ Amos Ǽǲȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ - ARH Ȭŝŝ ( ȬŗŘȱ Adder ȱȮȱȱ ȬřŗǼ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŖřǰȱȱȱ¢ȱŘŖŗŚȱ - Paramilitary 31,500 ȱȱȱȱȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ȱȬ Ĵȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ ¢¢£ȱȱȱ Government Guard 500 ěȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱŘŖŗŚǯ Internal Security Troops ε20,000 ACTIVE 10,900 (Army 8,500 Air 2,400) Paramilitary ¢ȱȱ 9,500 Presidential Guard 2,000 Conscript liability ȱŗŞȱ

State Border Protection Forces ε9,000 ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ¢ȱȱ ȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS Army 8,500 HEL • TPT • Medium ȱŗȱȬŗŝŗ FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES DEPLOYMENT ŗȱȱ WESTERN SAHARA MANOEUVRE Mechanised UN Ȋȱ ȱŘȱ Řȱȱ ŗȱǻǼȱȱ Kyrgyzstan KGZ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ Kyrgyzstani Som s 2013 2014 2015 ŗȱȱ GDP s 350bn 391bn EQUIPMENT BY TYPE US$ 7.23bn 7.65bn MBT ȱŗśŖȱȬŝŘȱ RECCE ȱřŖȱȬŘȱ per capita US$ 1,280 1,342 AIFV ȱřŘŖǱȱŘřŖȱȬŗǲȱşŖȱȬŘȱ Growth % 10.5 4.1 APC (W) ȱřśǱȱŘśȱȬŝŖǲȱŗŖȱȬŞŖȱ In"ation % 6.6 8.0 ARTY ȱŘŚŜȱ Def bdgt [a] s 4.91bn 4.87bn SP 122mmȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 US$ 101m 95m TOWEDȱŗŚŗǱ 100mm ȱŗŞȱȬŗşŚŚǲ 122mm ȱŗŖŝǱȱŝŘȱȬřŖǲȱřśȱ FMA (US) US$ 1.5m 1.5m ȬřŖȱǻȬŗşřŞǼǲ 152mmȱŗŜȱȬŗȱ GUN/MOR 120mmȱŗŘȱŘşȱ Anona US$1=s 48.45 51.16 MRL ȱŘŗǱȱ122mmȱŗśȱȬŘŗǲȱ 220mmȱŜȱşŗŚŖȱUragan [a] Expenses on Ministry of Defence & Ministry of Interior. MOR 120mmȱśŚǱȱŜȱŘŗŘǲȱŚŞȱȬŗŘŖȱ Population 5,604,212 AT • MSL • MANPATS ȱş ŗŗȱǻȬř Sagger Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŗȱǻȬŚ Ethnic groups: Kyrgyz 56%; Russian 17%; Uzbek 13%; Ukrainian Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱǻȬś Spandrel Ǽȱ 3% RCL 73mmȱ Ȭşȱ GUNS 100mmȱŗŞȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus AD • SAM • MANPAD ȱş řŘȱStrela- ŘȱǻȬŝȱ Grail ǼȖȱ GUNS ȱŚŞ Male 15.2% 4.7% 5.2% 4.8% 17.3% 1.9% SP 23mmȱŘŚȱȬŘřȬŚ Female 14.5% 4.5% 5.1% 4.7% 19.1% 3.0% TOWED 57mmȱŘŚȱȬŜŖȱ Russia and Eurasia 183

Air Force 2,400 Moldova MDA FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER Moldovan Leu L 2013 2014 2015 ŗȱȱ ȱȬřşȱ Albatros * GDP L 100bn 108bn FIGHTER/TRANSPORT US$ 7.97bn 7.74bn ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŗȱ Fishbed ǲȱȬŘȱ Colt ǲȱȬŘŜȱ per capita US$ 2,239 2,176 Curl Growth % 8.9 1.8 ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER In"ation % 4.6 5.1 ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ǲȱȬŞȱHip Def exp L 303m AIR DEFENCE US$ 24m Pechora Goa Dvina ȱȱ ȱȬŗŘśȱ ǻȬřȱ ǼǲȱȬŝśȱ Def bdgt [a] L 304m 355m 403m ǻȬŘȱ Guideline Ǽ US$ 24m 25m EQUIPMENT BY TYPE FMA (US) US$ 1.25m 1.25m 1.25m AIRCRAFT ȱřřȱȱ US$1=L 12.59 13.95 FGA ȱŘşȱ ȬŘŗȱ Fishbed [a] Excludes military pensions TPT • Light ȱŜǱȱŚȱȬŘȱ Colt ǲȱŘȱȬŘŜȱ Curl TRG ȱŚȱȬřşȱAlbatros* Population 3,583,288 HELICOPTERS Age 0 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 64 65 plus Russia and Eurasia ATK ȱŘȱȬŘŚȱHind Male 9.1% 3.3% 4.1% 4.7% 23.2% 4.2% TPT • Medium ȱŞȱȬŞȱHip Female 8.6% 3.1% 3.8% 4.4% 24.6% 6.9% AD • SAM SP ȱŘ ŗŗȱKrug ȱǻȬŚȱ Ganef Ǽȱ Capabilities TOWEDȱȬŝśȱ Dvina ȱǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼǲȱȬŗŘśȱPechora ȱǻȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ řȱ Goa Ǽ Ȭȱ ǯȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ Ȃȱ Paramilitary 9,500 ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ - ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Border Guards 5,000 (KGZ conscript, RUS ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ - o$cers) ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Interior Troops 3,500 ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ National Guard 1,000 ŘŖŗŗȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ - ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DEPLOYMENT ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȁȂȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ LIBERIA ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱřȱ Ȃȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ - MOLDOVA ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - OSCE Ȋȱȱŗ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ SERBIA ACTIVE 5,350 (Army 3,250 Air 800 Logistic Support OSCE Ȋȱ ȱŗ 1,300) Paramilitary 2,400

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 SOUTH SUDAN RESERVE 58,000 (Joint 58,000) UN Ȋȱ ȱŘȱ SUDAN ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE UN Ȋȱ ȱŘȱ Army 1,300; 1,950 conscript (total 3,250) UN Ȋȱ ȱŗȱ FORCES BY ROLE UKRAINE SPECIAL FORCES OSCE ȊȱȱŚ ŗȱȱ MANOEUVRE Light FOREIGN FORCES řȱȱȱ Russia ΉśŖŖȱ¢ȱȱǱȱśȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱŘȱȬŞȱ Hip ŗȱȱȱ 184 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

Other LIBERIA ŗȱȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱŘȱ COMBAT SUPPORT SERBIA ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ NATO Ȋȱ ȱŚŗ ŗȱȱ¢ SOUTH SUDAN ŗȱȱ¢ UN Ȋȱ ȱŗ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE UKRAINE RECCE ȱśȱȬŘ OSCE Ȋȱȱş AIFV ȱŚŚȱȬŗȱ APC ȱŗśŝȱ APC (T) ȱŜŘǱȱşȱȬǲȱśřȱȬȱȱ FOREIGN FORCES APC (W) ȱşśǱ ŗŗȱȬŞŖǲȱŞŚȱȬŝŗ Czech Republic ȱŗ ARTY ȱŗŚŞȱ Estonia ȱŗ TOWEDȱŜşǱȱ122mmȱŗŝȱǻȬřŖǼȱM-1938 ǲȱ 152mmȱśŘǱȱŘŗȱ France ȱŗ ŘřŜǲȱřŗȱȬŘŖȱ Germany ȱŗ GUN/MOR • SP 120mm ȱşȱŘşȱ Anona Kyrgyzstan ȱŗ MRL 220mmȱŗŗȱşŗŚŖȱUragan Poland ȱŗ MORȱśşǱȱ82mmȱśŘǲ 120mmȱŝȱȬŗŘŖȱ AT Russia ΉŗǰśŖŖȱǻȱřśŖȱǼȱ¢ȱȱ ȱŝȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ȦȬŞȱ Hip MSL • MANPATS ȱş ŗŗŗȱFagot ȱǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱ Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱShturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽ Spain ȱŗ RCL 73mmȱ Ȭşȱ Sweden ȱȱŗ GUNS 100mmȱřŜȱȬŗŘȱ ĵȱ ȱŗ AD • GUNS • TOWEDȱřşǱ 23mm ŘŞȱȬŘřǲȱ57mmȱŗŗȱ Ukraine ŗŖȱȱȱǻ ȱȱǼ ȬŜŖȱ United Kingdom ȱŗ RADAR • LAND ȱŚǱȱŘȱ ȬŗǲȱŘȱȬŗŖ United States ȱř Air Force 800 (incl 250 conscripts) FORCES BY ROLE Russia RUS TRANSPORT Russian Rouble r 2013 2014 2015 Řȱȱ ȱȬŘȱ Colt ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler ǲȱȬŞȱ Hip ǲȱȬŗŞ GDP r 66.8tr 72.7tr AIR DEFENCE US$ 2.1tr 2.06tr ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘśȱ Neva ȱǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽ US$ [a] 3.5tr 3.6tr EQUIPMENT BY TYPE per capita US$ 14,591 14,317 AIRCRAFT Growth % 1.3 0.2 TPT • Light ȱŜǱȱŘȱȬŘȱ Colt ǲȱŗȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŘȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler In"ation % 6.8 7.4 ŗȱȬŗŞ Def bdgt r 2.1tr 2.47tr 3.29tr HELICOPTERS US$ 66.1bn 70bn MRH ȱŚȱȬŗŝȬŗȱHip H TPT • Medium ȱŘȱȬŞȱHip US$ [a] 110bn 121bn AD • SAMȱřȱȬŗŘśȱNeva ȱǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽȱȱ US$1=r MER 31.84 35.33 PPP 19.12 20.42 Paramilitary 2,400 [a] PPP estimate ¢ȱȱ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Population 142,470,272 OPON 900 (riot police) Ethnic groups: Tatar 4%; Ukrainian 3%; Chuvash 1%; Bashkir 1%; ¢ȱȱ Belarussian 1%; Moldovan 1%; Other 8% Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus DEPLOYMENT Male 8.2% 2.4% 3.5% 4.4% 23.7% 4.0% Legal provisions for foreign deployment: Female 7.8% 2.3% 3.3% 4.4% 26.8% 9.1% Constitution: ȱęȱȱǻŗşşŚǼ Decision on deployment of troops abroad: ȱ¢ȱȱ - Capabilities ȱǻǯȱŜŜǼ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ CÔTE D’IVOIRE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ The Military Balance UN Ȋȱ ȱŚȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 185

ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǯȱ ICBMȱřŝŞǱȱśŚȱȬŘŖȱǻȬŗŞȱ Satan Ǽȱǻ¢ȱȱśǰȱŗŖȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱ Tigr Ȭ ȱ ȱ Ǽǲȱ ŗŜŖȱ ȬŗŘȱ ǻȬŘśȱ Sickle Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǼǲȱŚŖȱȬŗŞȱǻȬŗşȱ Ĵ Ǽȱǻ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱȬ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ řǰȱ Ŝȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǼǲȱ ŜŖȱ ȬŗŘŘȱ Topol Ȭȱ ǻȬŘŝŗǼȱ ȱĚȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱǲȱȱ Ȭȱǻȱ ǼǲȱŗŞȱȬŗŘŘȱ Topol ȬȱǻȬ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ŘŝŗǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽǲȱ ŚŘȱ ȬŘŚȱ Yars Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȬȬȱ ǻȬŘŝŘǲȱΉřȱ ȱȱǼǲȱŚȱȬŘŚȱ Yars ȱǻȬŘŝŘǲȱΉřȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǼȱȬ ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȬ ȱǰȱ Long-Range Aviation Command ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE ȱ ȁȬȂȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BOMBER ¢ȱĜǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȁ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŜŖȱ Blackjack Ȃǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ řȱȱ ȱȬşśȱ Bear ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŚŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ AIRCRAFT ȁȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ BBR ȱ ŝŞǱȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŗŜŖȱ Blackjack ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŘȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ śśȱȱǻȬŗśȦȱ Kent ǼȱȱǲȱřŗȱȬşśŜȱ (Bear ȱ ȬŜǼȱȱ ȱȱȱŜȱ ȬśśȦȱǻȬŗśȦȱ Kent Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Russia and Eurasia ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱ ȱǲȱ řŗȱ ȬşśŗŜȱ ǻ Bear ȱ ȬŗŜǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱŗŜȱ ȬśśȱǻȬŗśȱ Kent Ǽȱȱǲȱǻ ȬŗŖŘȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱǻȱǯȱŗśşȮŜŝǯǼ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬşśǼ ACTIVE 771,000 (Army 230,000 Navy 130,000 Air Aerospace Defence Forces 148,000 Strategic Deterrent Forces 80,000 Airborne ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 32,000 Special Operations Forces 1,000 Command ȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ and Support 150,000) Paramilitary 489,000 ¢ȦȬȱȱȱȱ Conscript liability ȱŗŘȱǯȱ Space Command RESERVE 2,000,000 (all arms) EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ ŘǰŖŖŖǰŖŖŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ śȱ ¢ǲȱ ȱ SATELLITES ȱŝŚ ȱȱȱśŖǯ COMMUNICATIONS ȱřśǱȱřȱȱ Globus (Raduga ȬŗǼǲȱ ş Strela ǲȱŗşȱRodnik (Gonets ȬǼǲȱŚȱ Meridian ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE NAVIGATION/POSITIONING/TIMING ȱřřȱ ELINT/SIGINT ŚǱȱŗȱ Kondor ǲȱŗȱ Liana ( Lotos ȬǼǲȱŗ Persona ǲȱ Strategic Deterrent Forces ε80,000 (incl ŗȱ Tselina ȬŘǲȱ personnel assigned from the Navy and Air Force) EARLY WARNING ȱŘȱOko Navy RADAR ȱ ŗŘǲȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ £Ǽǯȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ SUBMARINES • STRATEGIC • SSBN ȱŗŘǱ ǻȱ Ǽǲȱ ǰȱ ǻ Ǽǲȱ ǰȱ řȱ Kalmar ( Delta ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŗŜȱȬśŖȱǻȬȬŗŞȱ Stingray Ǽ ǻǼǲȱ ǰȱ ǻ Ǽǲȱ ǲȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǻ Ǽǲȱ ¢ǰȱ ǻ ¢Ǽǲȱ ǰȱ ( Ŝȱ ę Delta ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŗŜȱȬŘşȱ Sineva ȱǻȬȬŘřȱ ǻ¢¢Ǽǲȱ ǰȱ ǻǼȱ ȱ Ȧ ¢ȱ ě Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽ ȱȱęǲȱ¡ȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǼ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŗȱ Akula ( Typhoon Ǽȕȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŘŖȱ Aerospace Defence Command Bulava ǻȬȬȬřŘǼ ȱȱǻȦǼ FORCES BY ROLE Řȱ Borey ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŗŜȱ Bulava ȱǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱȱ AIR DEFENCE ǻȱȱ¢ȱǼǰȱǻŗȱȱȱ ȱ řȱȱȱ ¡ȱ ȱŘŖŗŚȦŗśǼ Şȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱ Strategic Rocket Force Troops Gargoyle Ǽ řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Śȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬ ȱ ȱ ŗŘȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ŗŖȱ ŘŘȱGreyhound Ǽ ȱ ǻŜȱ ȱ ȬŘŖȦȬŗŞǼǰȱ ȱ şȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ AD • SAM • SP ȱŘŘŘǱȱŗśŖȱȬřŖŖȦȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ȧ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽǲȱ ŚŞȱ ȬŚŖŖȱ ǻȬŘŗ Growler Ǽǲȱ ŘŚȱ şŜ Ŝȱ MSL • STRATEGIC ȱřŝŞ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ 186 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

MISSILE DEFENCE ŜŞȱśřŜȱǻȬřȱ Gazelle Ǽ; ǻřŘȱśŗŜȱ TOWEDȱŗśŖǱȱ 152mm ŗśŖȱŘŜśǲȱǻŗŘǰŚŗśȱȱǱ 122mm ǻȬŚȱ Gorgon Ǽȱȱǲȱ¢ȱ¢Ǽ ŞǰŗśŖǱȱŚǰŚŖŖȱȬřŖǲȱřǰŝśŖȱȬřŖȱǻȬŗşřŞǼǲȱ 130mmȱŜśŖȱȬŚŜǲ RADAR ȱŗȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ 152mmȱřǰśŝśǱȱŗǰŗŖŖȱŘřŜǲȱŜŖŖȱŘŜśǲȱŗǰŖŝśȱȬŘŖǲȱŝŖŖȱȬŗȱ ǻ Ǽ ȬŗşŚřǲȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŖȱȬŗşřŝǲȱ 203mmȱŚŖȱȬŚǼȱ GUN/MOR ȱŗŞŖƸ Army ε230,000; (incl conscripts) SP 120mmȱŞŖƸǱ řŖȱŘŘřȱȬ ǲȱśŖƸ ŘřŚ ȱȱǲȱŚȱ¢ȱȱǻȱ TOWED 120mm ȱŗŖŖȱŘŗŜȱȬ ȱ ǻ ȱȱǼǰȱȱǻ ȱǼǰȱȱǻ ȱ MRL ȱŞśŖƸȱ 122mm śśŖȱȬŘŗǲȱ 220mmȱŘŖŖȱşŗŚŖȱ Uragan ǲ ȬȬǼȱ ǭȱ ȱ ǻ ȱ ǼǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬŗǲȱ 300mmȱŗŖŖȱşśŘȱ Smerch; ȱǻřǰŘŘŖȱȱǱȱ ęȱ ȱȱǯ 122mm ŘǰŚŘŖǱȱŘǰŖŖŖȱȬŘŗǲ ŚŘŖȱşŗřŞǲȱ132mm ŗŖŖȱȬ 220mm FORCES BY ROLE ŗřǲȱ ȱŝŖŖȱşŗŚŖȱUragan Ǽ MORȱŗǰśŖŖ COMMAND SP ( 240mmȱŚřŖȱŘŚȱȱǼȱ ŗŖȱ¢ȱ TOWED ŗǰśŖŖǱ 82mm ŞŖŖȱ ŘŗŚǲȱ 120mmȱ ŝŖŖȱ ŘŗŘǲȱ SPECIAL FORCES ǻŘǰŘŖŖȱ ȱ Ǳȱ 120mmȱ ŗǰşŖŖǱȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱ ŘŗŘǲȱ şŖŖȱ ȬřŞǲ ŝȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ 160mmȱřŖŖȱȬŗŜŖǼ MANOEUVRE AT Reconnaissance MSL ŗȱȱ SP Ȭȱ ş ŗŘŖȱ Ataka ȱ ǻȬşȱ Spiral ŘǼǲ şŗŚşȱ Armoured ȱş ŗŗŚȱ Shturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral ǼǲȱşŗśŝȬŘȱ ȱş ŗŘř ŗȱǻŚǼȱȱȱǻŘȱȱǰȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ Khrisantema ȱǻȬŗśȱ Springer Ǽ řȱȱȱǻŗȱȱȱǲȱřȱȱǲȱŗȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǲȱ MANPATS ȱ ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ȱ ǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗŘ Kobra ŗȱȱǲȱŘȱȱǲȱŗȱȱǲȱŗȱȱ¢ǲȱŗȱȱ¢Ǽȱ (ȬŞȱ Songster Ǽ;ȱş ŗŗřȱ Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱ Mechanised Shturm ȱ ǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗśȱ Metis ȱ ǻȬŝȱ Saxhorn Ǽǲȱ ŘȱǻŘȱǭȱŘŖŗǼȱȱȱǻŘȱȱǰȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ ş ŗŗśȬŗȱ Metis- ( Ȭŗřȱ Saxhorn ȱ ŘǼ ;ȱ ş ŗŗŜȱ Bastion/ ŘŞȱȱȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŗȱȱǲȱřȱȱǲȱŘȱ¢ȱǲȱŗȱȱ Basnya ȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Stabber Ǽ; ş ŗŗş ȱ Ě¡Ȧ ȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ ǲȱŗȱȱǲȱŘȱȱǲȱŗȱȱǲȱŗȱȱ¢ǲȱŗȱȱ¢Ǽ Sniper Ǽ; ş ŗřśȱ Kornet ( ȬŗŚȱ Spriggan Ǽ ŘȱȱȱǻŚȯśȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǲȱŗȱȱǲȱŗȱȱǼ RCL 73mmȱ Ȭşȱ řȱǻȦǼȱȱȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŘȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǼ RL 105mmȱ ȬŘş ŗȱ ǻŗŞǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ ȱ ǲȱ ŗȱ ¢ȱ ǲȱ ŗȱ ȱ ǲȱ Řȱ GUNS • TOWED 100mmȱ śŘŜȱ ȬŗŘǲȱ ǻ 100mmȱ ŘǰŖŖŖȱ ȱǼȱ ȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱȱǼ COMBAT SUPPORT AD Şȱ¢ȱ SAMȱŗǰśŝŖƸ Śȱȱ SP ȱŗǰśŝŖƸǱȱřśŖƸȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬŗŝȱ ŗȱȱ Grizzly Ǽǲȱ ŚŖŖȱ ş řřřȱ Osa Ȭ ( ȬŞȱ Gecko Ǽǲȱ ŚŖŖȱ Śȱȱȱ ȱş ŝŘŖȱ Iskander ȬȱǻȬŘŜȱ Stone Ǽ ş řśřȱ Strela ȬŗŖ ( Ȭŗřȱ Gopher ǼǲȱŗŘŖƸȱş řřŖȦş řřŗȱ śȱȱȱ ȱş ŝşȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab ȱȯȱȱȱ - Tor ȱ ǻȬŗśȱ Gauntlet Ǽǲȱ ŘśŖƸȱ Ř ŘŘȱ Tunguska ǻȬŗş ȱ¢ȱ Iskander ȬǼ Grison Ǽ şȱȱ MANPAD ȱş řŗŖȱ Igla- ŗ ( ȬŗŜȱ Gimlet Ǽǲȱş řŞȱ IglaȱǻȬ Śȱȱ ŗŞȱGrouse Ǽǲȱş řřřȱ Verba ǲȱş řřŞȱ IglaȬȱǻȬŘŚȱ Grinch Ǽǲȱ ŗȱȱ ş řŚȱ Strela Ȭř ( ȬŗŚȱ Gremlin Ǽ śȱȱ GUNS COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT SP 23mm ȱȬŘřȬŚ ŗŖȱȱ TOWED 23mmȱȬŘřȬŘǲȱ57mmȱȬŜŖ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE UAV • Heavy ȬŗŚřȱ Reys ǲȱȬŘŚřȱ Reys ȦȬŘŚřȱ Reys ǲȱȬ MBT ŘǰŜŖŖǱȱŗǰřŖŖȱȬŝŘȦǲȱŚŖŖȱȬŝŘřǲȱśśŖȱȬŞŖȦǲȱřśŖȱ řŖŖ Korshun Light ȱȬŖŝǲȱ Pchela Ȭŗǲ Pchela ȬŘ ȬşŖȦȬşŖǲȱ ǻŗŝǰśŖŖȱ ȱ Ǳȱ ŘǰŞŖŖȱ Ȭśśǲȱ ŘǰśŖŖȱ ȬŜŘǲȱ ŘǰŖŖŖȱ MSL • SRBMȱŗŘŖǱȱŝŖȱş ŝşȱTochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab ǼǲȱśŖȱş ŝŘŖȱ ȬŜŚȦǲȱŝǰŖŖŖȱȬŝŘȦȬŝŘȦǲȱřǰŖŖŖȱȬŞŖȦȦǲ ŘŖŖȱȬşŖǼ Iskander ȬȱǻȬŘŜȱ Stone Ǽǲȱǻȱ Scud ȱȱǼ RECCE ȱ ŗǰŘŖŖƸǱȱ ŗŖŖƸȱ Dozor ǰȱ ŗŖŖƸȱ Tigr ǰȱ ŗǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŘȦŘǲȱ AEV ȱȬŘǲȱ ǲȱ ȬŘǲȱ ǲȱȬ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ǻŗǰŖŖŖƸȱȬŘȱȱǼ ARV ȱȬŗǲȱȬŗȦŜŚȦ ȦǲȱȬśŖ ǻǼǲȱŗşŝŝǲȱȬ AIFV ȱ śǰŗŘśƸǱȱ śŖŖȱ Ȭŗǲȱ řǰŖŖŖȱ ȬŘǲȱ śŖŖƸȱ Ȭřǲȱ ŝŖŖȱ ǲȱȬ ǲȱȬśŚȦśśǲȱȬŝŘ Ȭŗ ǲȱŘŝśȱȬŞŖȦŞŘǲȱŗśŖȱȬŞŘǲȱǻŞǰśŖŖȱȱǱȱ VLB ȱ ǲȱȬśśǲȱǲȱȬŘŖǲȱȬŝŘǲȱȬŘ ŝǰŖŖŖȱȬŗǲȱŗǰśŖŖȱȬŘǼ MWȱȬřǲȱ ȬřǲȱȬŘȱǻǼǲȱ ǲȱ ȬŘ APC ȱŜǰŖŖŖƸȱ APC (T) ȱřǰśŖŖƸǱȱȱȬǲȱřǰśŖŖȱȬǲȱǻŘǰŖŖŖȱȬ Reserves ȱȱǼȱ ȱ APC (W) ȱŘǰśŖŖǱȱŞŖŖȱȬŜŖǲȱŘŖŖȱȬŝŖǲȱŗǰśŖŖȱȬŞŖǲȱ FORCES BY ROLE ǻŚǰŖŖŖȱȬŜŖȦŝŖȱȱǼ MANOEUVRE ARTY ȱŚǰŗŞŖƸ Armoured SP ȱŗǰśŖŖǱ 122mm ȱŗśŖȱŘŗǲ 152mm ŗǰřśŖǱȱŞŖŖȱŘřǲȱŗŖŖȱŘśǲȱ ŗȱȱ ŚśŖȱŘŗşǲȱǻŚǰřŖŖȱȱǱȱ 122mm ȱŘǰŖŖŖȱŘŗǲ 152mm ȱŗǰşśŖǱȱ Mechanised ŗǰŖŖŖȱŘřǲȱŞśŖȱŘśǲ ŗśŖȱŘŗşǲȱ 203mm ȱřŘŖȱŘŝǼ ŗřȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 187

Navy ε130,000; (incl conscripts) Kortik ȱ ȱ řřŗŗȱ ǻȬȬŗŗȱ Grison Ǽȱ ǰȱ Ŝȱ ŚȱȱĚȱȱǻȱǰȱęȱǰȱ ŜřŖȱ ȱǻ¢ȱŗŞȬŘŚȱȬřřȱ Flanker D ȱ ȱǲȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǼȱȱȱȱ ŗśȱ ȬŘŝȱHelix ȱ ǰȱŘȱ Ȭřŗȱ Helix Ǽ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE CRUISERS ȱŜ SUBMARINES ȱśş CGHMN ȱŘǱ ( STRATEGIC • SSBN ȱŗŘǱ Řȱ Orlan Kirov Ǽ ȱŗŖȱ ȱȱ ȱřŚśȱ Granit řȱ Kalmar ( Delta ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ŗŜȱ ȬŘşȱ Volna ǻȬȬŗŞȱ ǻȬȬŗşȱ Shipwreck Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Stingray Ǽ ȱ Osa- ȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŗŘȱȱȱ ȱ Ŝȱȱę ( Delta ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŗŜȱȬŘşȱ Sineva ȱǻȬȬŘřȱ Fort ȦFort ȱ ȱ ǻȬȬŜȱ Grumble ȦȬȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽȱ ě Ǽȱȱȱǻŗȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ř şśȱ Kindzhal ȱ ǻȬȬ ¢ȱȬŘŖŗŚȱ ȱǼȱ şȱ Gauntlet ǼȱǰȱŗŖȱȱśřřȱǰȱŗȱȱ ŗȱ Akula ( Typhoon Ǽȕȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ŗŘŖŖŖȱUdav ŗǰȱŘȱȱŗŖŖŖȱ Smerch řǰȱŜȱȬȬŗȱ ȱ ŘŖȱ Bulava ȱ ǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȦ Kortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱ Grison Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ Ǽ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱřȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱȱǼȱ Řȱ Borey ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŗŜȱ Bulava ȱǻȬȬȬřŘǼȱȱ ǻŗȱȬǲȱȱ¡ȱęȱȱ ǻȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ǽǲȱ ǻŗȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŝǼ ȱ¡ȱ ȱŘŖŗŚȦŗśǼ CGHMȱŚǱȱ TACTICAL ȱŚŝ ŗȱȱBerkot -B ( Kara ǼȕȱǻȱȱȱǼǰȱ SSGN ȱşǱȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Rastrub ȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ Silex Ǽȱ Russia and Eurasia Şȱ Antyey ( Oscar ȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ řȱ ȱ ȦǼȱ ȦǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱŚ ŜŖȱ Shtorm ȱǻȬ ȱ Řȱ ŗŘȬȱ ȱ ȱ řŚśȱ Granit ȱ ǻȬȬŗşȱ Ȭřȱ Goblet ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬ Shipwreck Ǽ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Śȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱ ȬŜśȱ ǰȱŚȱȱśśřȱ ŜŖŖŖǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŝŜȱ ȱ ǻ¢ȱ ŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ŗȱ Yasen (Graney Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱřśśȱ Onyx ȱǼȱ ǲȱ řŗŚȱ Kalibr ȱ ǻȬȬřŖǼȱ ǲȱ Şȱ ȱ řȱȱAtlant ( Slava Ǽȱ ȱŞȱ ȱȱ ȱ Vulkan ǻȬȬ śřřȱ ŗŘȱȱŘȱ Sandbox ǼȱǰȱŞȱȱȱ ȱ Fort Ȧ SSN ȱŗŝǱȱ Fort ȱȱǻȬȬŜȱ Grumble ȦȬȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽȱǰȱ Řȱ Schuka -B ( Akula ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŚȱȱśřřȱȱȱ Řȱȱȱ ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granat ȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ Sampson Ǽȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱŜȱ ȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ ŜśŖȱ ǰȱŗȱ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱ Ȭ Şȱ Schuka -B ( Akula ȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ Řŝȱ Helix ȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ǻŗȱ ¢ȱ Ȭǲȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granat ȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗśǼ Sampson Ǽ ǰȱ Śȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŜśȱ DESTROYERS ȱŗŞȱ ȱǻȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱŗŖȱ¢ȱ DDGHMȱŗŝǱȱ ȱŘŖŗŘǼ Şȱ Sarych ( Sovremenny Ǽȱǻȱ ȱřȱȱȕǼȱ ȱ ŘȱȱKondor ( Sierra ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱȱȱ ȱřŞŖȱ Moskit ȱǻȬȬŘŘȱ Sunburn Ǽȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granat ȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ Sampson Ǽȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ǰȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱř şŖȱ Uragan/ ş řŝȱ Yezh ȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ ȱ ǻȬȬŝȱ Ě¢ ȦȬȬŗŘȱ Grizzly Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗȱ Barracuda ( Sierra ȱ ǼȱǻȱǼȱ ȱŚȱȱśřřȱ śřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŗŖŖŖȱ Smerch 3 ǰȱŚȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granat ȱ ǻȬȬŘŗȱ Sampson Ǽ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱȱ ȬŘȱǻȬȬŗśȱ ę Ǽ Ȭśřȱ ǰȱŚȱȱ Ǽȱ ŜśŖȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŝȱ ǻȬȬŗŜȱ Stallion Ǽ Şȱ Fregat ( Udaloy Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȬŜśȱ Rastrub ȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ Silex Ǽȱ Ȧǰȱ Şȱ ȱ Śȱ Schuka ( Victor ȱ Ǽȱ ǻȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ ȱř şśȱ Kindzhal ȱǻȬȬşȱ Gauntlet ȱǼǰȱŘȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŗŖȱ Granat ȱ ǻȬȬ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱŚȱ ŜřŖȱ ŘŗȱSampson ǼȱǰȱŘȱȱŜśŖȱȱ ȱȬŜśȱ ǰȱŘȱŗŖŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŘȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱȱ Ǽ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 SSK ȱŘŗǱȱ ŗȱȱFregat ( Udaloy ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŞŖȱ ŗśȱ Paltus ( Kilo Ǽȱ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭśřȱ Moskit ȱǻȬȬŘŘȱ Sunburn ǼȱǰȱŞȱȱȱ ȱ ř şśȱ Kindzhal ȱǻȬȬşȱ Gauntlet ǼȱǰȱŘȱȬȬŗȱ śȱ Varshavyanka ( Kilo Ǽ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ Kortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱ Grison ǼȱǰȱŗŖȱ ȱȱȱǼ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱŗȱ ȱ ŗȱ Lada ȱ ǻ ȱ ęĴǼȱ ȱ Ŝȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǻŘȱ ŗřŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŘȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱȱǼȱ ȱȱȱǼ DDGMȱŗǱ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱřśȱ ŗȱ Komsomolets Ukrainy (Kashin ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ AIRCRAFT CARRIERS • CV ȱ ŗȱ Orel (Kuznetsov Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uran ȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade Ǽȱ ŗȱ ŗŘȬȱ ȱ ȱ řŚśȱ Granit ȱ ǻȬȬŗşȱ Shipwreck Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Volnya ȱ ǻȬȬŗȱ Goa Ǽȱ ǰȱ Śȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ř şśȱ Kindzhal ȱ ǻȬȬ ǰȱśȱȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 , şȱ Gauntlet Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗŘŖŖŖȱ Udav ŗǰȱ Şȱ ȬȬŗȱ ŗȱ ȱŝŜȱ 188 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

FRIGATES ȱŗŖ ŗŞȱAlbatros ( Grisha ȱǼȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱȬȱ FFGHM ŜǱ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŗȱȱ ŘȱȱJastreb ( Neustrashimy Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2 ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ řŘŚȱ Uran ȱǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade Ǽ ǰȱŚȱȱ řȱ Astrakhan ( Buyan Ǽȱ ȱŗȱ¡ȱȱ ȱřŚŝȱ ȱ ȱř şśȱ Kindzhal ȱǻȬȬşȱ Gauntlet Ǽȱǰȱ Gibka ȱ ǻȬȬŗŖȱ Grouse Ǽǰȱ ŗȱȬŘŗśȱ Grad Ȭȱ ŗŘŘȱ ŜȱȱśřřȱǰȱŗȱȱŗŘŖŖŖǰȱŘȱȬȬŗȱ ǰȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱ Kortik ȱ ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱ Grison Ǽȱǰȱ ŝȱ Parchim ȱ ȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬ ŗȱŗŖŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱǼȱǻřȱ śȱ Grail Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗşşŝǲȱ Smerch Řǰȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ ȱǼ PCFG ŘśǱ ŗȱ Steregushchiy ȱ ǻȱ ŘŖřŞŖǼȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ Ŝȱ Molnya ( Tarantul ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŗśȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uran ȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade) ǰȱ Řȱ Termit ȱ ǻȬȬŘȦȱ Styx Ǽȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱřŘŚȱǰȱŗȱȬȬŗȱ Kortik ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱǼȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽȱǰȱ řřŗŗȱǻȬȬŗŗȱ Grison ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŗŖŖȱȱ ŗşȱMolnya ( Tarantul ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŘȱ ȱȱ ȱřŞŖȱ řȱ Steregushchiy ǻȱ ŘŖřŞŗǼ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ Moskit ȱ ǻȬȬŘŘȱ Sunburn Ǽȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uran ȱ ǻȬȬŘśȱ Switchblade) ǰȱ ŗȱ ǻȱǼȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽȱǰȱ ŗŘȬȱȱ ȱř şŜȱ Redut ǰȱŘȱȱřŘŚȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ ǰȱŗȱȬȬŗȱ Kortik ȱ ȱřřŗŗȱǻȬ PBMȱ ŝȱ Grachonok ȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŚŝȱ Gibka Ȭŗŗȱ Grison ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱȱ ǻȬȬŗŖȱ Grouse Ǽǰȱǻȱȱ ȱȱȱǼ ǻŚȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ PHG ȱ řȱ Vekhr ( Matka Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭŗśȱ ȱ Steregushchiy ȱ Ǽ Termit ȱ ǻȬȬŘȦȱ Styx Ǽȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ FFGM ŚǱȱ ŝŜȱ ŗȱȱGepard ȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřŘŚȱ Uran ȱǻȬȬ PHT ŗȱ Sokol ( Mukha Ǽȱ ȱŘȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ Řśȱ Switchblade Ǽȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Osa Ȭȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES ȱśřȱ ŗȱ Gepard ȱ ȱŗȱŞȬȱȱ ȱřŗŚȱ Kaliber ǻȬȬ MHOȱ Řȱ Rubin ( Gorya Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Strela-2 řŖǼȱǰȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřŘŚȱ Uran ȱǻȬȬŘśȱ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ Switchblade Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬ MSO ȱŗŗǱȱŗŖ Akvamaren ( Natya Ǽ; 1 Agat ( Natya ȱ Ǽȱǻȱ ȱ ȬŚȱ Gecko Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ ŗȱȱBurevestnik ( Krivak ȱ ȱǼȕȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ Grail ǼȱǰȱŘȱŗŘŖŖȱ Uragan ǰȱŘȱ ȱ ŘřŖȱ Rastrub ȱǻȬȬŗŚȱ Silex ǼȱȦǰȱŗȱ ȱȱ MSC ȱŘśǱȱŘřȱ Yakhont ( Sonya Ǽȱ ȱŚȱ ŜřŖȱ ȱǻȱ ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱȱśřřȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱ Grail ǼȱǼ ; Řȱ ǰȱŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱŘȱ ȱŝŜȱ ȱŗŘśŞ (Yevgenya Ǽȱ ŗȱ Burevestnik ȱ ȱ ǻ Krivak ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ MHI ŗśǱ şȱ ę ( Lida Ǽȱ ȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǲȱřȱȱŜşŜȱ ȱ Ȭřȱ Rastrub ȱ ǻȬȬŗŚȱ Silex Ǽȱ Ȧǰȱ (Tolya Ǽ; řȱ Malakhit ( Olya Ǽ Řȱ ȱȱ ȱŗŖȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ȱǼǰȱ AMPHIBIOUS Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱ Řȱ LANDING SHIPS • LST ȱŘŖǱȱ ŗŖŖȱ Śȱ Tapir ( Alligator Ǽȱ ȱ ŘȬřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŞŚȱ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśŝȱȱǻ¢ȱ CORVETTES ŚŞ ŘŖȱǲȱřŖŖȱǼȱ FSGMȱŗŝǱ ŗŘȱ ȱ ŝŝśȱ ǻ Ropucha ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ śŝȱ ȱ Řȱ Grad Sviyazhsk ( Buyan ȬǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ¢ȱȱŗŖȱȱȱŗşŖȱȱȱŘŚȱȱ ȱ řśśȱ Onyx ȱ ǲȱ řŗŚȱ Kalibr ȱ ǻȬȬřŖǼȱ ǻǼȱȱŗŝŖȱǼȱ ǰȱŘȱ¡ȱȱ ȱřŚŝȱ Gibka ȱǻȬȬ řȱȱŝŝśȱǻ Ropucha ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱȱ ŗŖȱGrouse Ǽȱǲȱŗȱ ŜřŖȬŘȱ ǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱȱ ŝŜȱȱǻ¢ȱȱŗŖȱȱȱŗşŖȱȱ ǻŜȱȱȱȱǼ ȱŘŚȱȱǻǼȱȱŗŝŖȱǼ Řȱ Sivuch ( Dergach Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ řŞŖȱ ŗȱ Tapir ( Alligator ǻǼǼȱ ȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Moskit ȱǻȬȬŘŘȱ Sunburn Ǽȱǰȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱǻ¢ȱŗȱ ȬŘşȱ Helix ȱǲȱŗřȱǲȱřŖŖȱǼȱ Osa Ȭ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ǻȱȱȱŘŖŗŘǲȱ¡ȱ ȱȬŘŖŗřǼǼȱ ŝŜȱȱ LANDING CRAFT Řś ŗŘȱOvod ( Nanuchka ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȬŗŘŖȱ LCU ȱŗŗǱȱ Malakhit ȱ ǻȬȬşȱ Siren Ǽȱǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱ Dyugon ǻřȱȱȱǼȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ şȱȱŗŗŝŝŖȱǻ Serna Ǽ ǻ¢ȱŗŖŖȱǼȱ ŗȱ Ovod ( Nanuchka ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱřśśȱ LCM ŝȱ Akula ( Ondatra Ǽȱǻ¢ȱŗȱǼȱ Onyx ȱ ǻȬȬŘŜǼȱǰȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Osa Ȭȱ LCAC ȱŝǱȱ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ Řȱ Dzheryan ( Aist Ǽȱ ȱŘȱ ȱ ŜřŖȱ ȱǻ¢ȱ FSMȱřŗǱȱ ŚȱȱǼȱ řȱ Albatros ( Grisha ȱ Ǽȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱ Osa Ȭȱ Řȱ Pomornik ( Zubr Ǽȱ ȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ȱǻ¢ȱŘřŖȱ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱǰȱŘȱȱ ǲȱȱřȱȱȱŗŖȱȱǻǼ ŜŖŖŖȱSmerch 2 ǯȱŗȱ ȱśŝȱ řȱ Kalmar † (Lebed Ǽȱǻ¢ȱŘȱȱǼ Russia and Eurasia 189

LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT ȱŜŘŜ Şȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȦ ȬŘşȱ Helix SSAN ȱ ŝǱȱ ŗȱ Orenburg ( Delta III Ǽǲȱ ŗȱ Losharik ǻȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚȱ Haze ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽǲȱ Řȱ ȱ ŗŞśŗȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear Ȧ Ș (Paltus ǼǲȱřȱKashalot ( Uniform Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Helix SSA ŗȱ Sarov MARITIME PATROL/TRANSPORT ABU ŗŘǱȱŞ Kashtan ǲȱŚ Sura ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗŘȱMail ȘǲȱȬŞȱ Hip AE ŘǱȱŗȱMuna ǲȱŗȱDubnyak SEARCH & RESCUE/TRANSPORT AEM řǱȱŘ Amga; ŗ Lama ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚ AG řǱȱŘ Vytegrales; ŗȱ Potok TRANSPORT AGB Ś Dobrynya Mikitich ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Coke ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱ AGE ȱŘǱȱŗȱ Tchusovoy ǲȱŗȱ Zvezdochka ǻŘȱȱȱȱ ȬŝŘȱ Coaler ǲȱȬŗŚŖ Ǽ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚ AGI ŗŗǱȱŘȱAlpinist ǲȱŗ Balzam ǲȱř Moma ǲȱś Vishnya TRAINING AGM ŗ Marshal Nedelin ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŖǲȱȬřşȱ Albatros AGOR ŜǱȱŗȱ Akademik Krylov ǲȱŘȱ Sibiriyakov ǰȱŘ Vinograd; ŗȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŖǲȱȬŗřŚǲȱȬŗśŚ Seliger TRANSPORT HELICOPTER AGS ŘŗǱ řȱ ȬŝşŝǲȱŜȱ Kamenka; ş Onega; řȱ Vaygach ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip AGSH ŗȱ Samara EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AGSI śŖǱȱŞ Biya ǲȱŘś Finik ǲȱŝ Moma ǲ ŗŘȱYug AIRCRAFT ȱŗřŜȱȱ

AH řȱ Ob † Russia and Eurasia FTR ȱŚŖǱȱŘȱ ȬŘş ȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŘȱ ȬŘş ȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŗŞ AK ȱŘȱBira Ȭřř Flanker ȱǲȱŗŞȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker AOL ŗřǱȱŘ Dubna ǲ śȱ Uda ǲ Ŝ Altay ( Ǽȱ FGA ȱřŗǱȱŘŞȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ǲȱřȱȬřŖȱ AOR ȱś Boris Chilikin ATK AORL řǱȱŗ Kaliningradneft ǲ Řȱ Olekma śȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot AOS ȱŗȱLuza ASWȱŘŝȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear Ȧ AR ŗřȱAmur MP ŘŜǱȱřȱȬŗŘȱMail* ǲȱŗȱ ȬŗŞǲȱŘŘȱ ȬřŞȦ ȬřŞȱ May* ARC ŝǱȱŚ Emba ǲȱřȱKlasma ISR ȱŞȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E* ARS ŗŚǱȱŚȱMikhail Rudnitsky ǲȱŗŖȱGoryn SAR řȱȬŗŘȱ AS ȱŗ ȱŘŖŘŖȱǻ Malina Ǽ EW • ELINT ŚǱȱŘȱ ȬŘŖȱ Coot ; Řȱ ȬŘŘȱCoot B ASR ŘǱȱŗȱNepal; ŗȱ Alagez TPT ȱśŖǱȱ Medium ŘȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub; Light ŚŜǱȱŗȱȬŘŚȱ ATF ŜŘǱȱ ŗȱ Alexander Piskunov ǲȱ Řȱ Baklazhan ǲȱ ś Katun ǲȱ ř Coke ǲȱŘŝȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŜȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler ǲȱŘȱȬŗŚŖǲȱŗŖȱȬ Ingul ǲȱŘ Neftegaz ǲȱŗŚȱ Okhtensky ǲȱŗŞȱ Prometey ǲȱŗȱ Prut ǲȱř ŗřŚǲȱPAX ȱŘȱȬŗśŚȱ Careless Sliva; ŗř Sorum TRG ȱŚȱȬřş Albatros AWT Řȱ Manych HELICOPTERS AXL ȱŗŘǱȱŗŖȱ Petrushka ǲȱŘȱ Smolny ȱŘȱȱŘśŖŖǰȱŘȱ ȱ ASWȱŞřǱȱŜřȱ ȬŘŝȱHelix ǲȱŘŖȱȬŗŚȱHaze ȱ ŝŜȱ EW Ş ȬŞȱ Hip YDG ŘŞǱȱŗśȱBereza; 13 Pelym AEW Řȱ ȬřŗȱHelix YDT şŗǱȱŚŖȱFlamingo; ŘŖȱNyryat 2 ǲȱŘŞȱ Yelva; řȱȱŗŗşŞŖ SAR ȱśŜǱȱŗŜȱ ȬŘŝȱHelix ȱǲȱŚŖȱȬŗŚȱ Haze C YGS ŜŖȱ ȬŚŞŖ TPT • Medium ȱřŜǱȱŘŞȱ ȬŘşȱ Helix ǲȱŚȱȬŞȱ Hip ǲȱŚȱȬ YO ȱřŜǱȱśȱKhobi ǲȱřŖȱToplivo ǲȱŗȱKonda Şȱ Hip YPB ȱřŖȱBolva MSL YPT ȱŗŘȱShelon ASMȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽǲȱ ȬśşȱǻȬŗřȱ Kingbolt Ǽȱ YTBȱŜŖǱȱřȱȬŜśǲȱŘȱȱŝŚśȦǲȱşȱȱŗŜŜŖşǲȱŗŗȱ ARMȱ ȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽǲȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŘȱ Kegler Ǽ Stividor ǲȱřśȱSidehole AAM • IR ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȦȱ Alamo Ǽǲȱ ȬŜŖȱ ǻȬŞȱ YTR ŚŘǱȱŘŝȱPozharny ǲȱŗśȱMorkov Aphid Ǽǲȱ Ȭŝřȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Archer Ǽǲȱ SARH ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬ ŗŖȦȱ Alamo Ǽ Naval Aviation ε28,000 Śȱȱȱ Naval Infantry (Marines) ε20,000 Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ¢ȱ ŜŖƸȱȦ¢ FORCES BY ROLE FORCES BY ROLE SPECIAL FORCES FIGHTER ŗȱǻĚǼȱȱȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŘȮřȱ ȱǰȱŗȱȱǼ ŗȱȱ Ȭřřȱ Flanker ȱǲȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot ŘȱǻĚǼȱȱȱǻǼȱǻŗȱȱǰȱŘȮřȱ ȱǰȱ ŗȱȱǻǼȱ ȱ ȬŘş Ȧ ȱ Fulcrum ŗȱȱǼ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker MANOEUVRE ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE/ISR Mechanised ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱ Fencer Řȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱ Fencer ŗȱȱȱǻǼ ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ŗȱȱ Řȱȱ ȱ ȬŗŞǲȱ ȬŘŖȱ Coot ǲȱ ȬŘŘȱ Coot ǲȱ ȬřŞȦ śȱȱȱȱ ȬřŞ May * ŗȱȱȱȱ 190 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

COMBAT SUPPORT FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱ¢ȱ BOMBER ŗȱ¢ȱ Śȱȱ ȱȬŘŘřȦȱ ęȱ C ŗȱȱȱ ȱş ŝşȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ řȱȱ ȱȬşśȱ Bear AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŜŖȱ Blackjack Řȱȱȱ ȱş řřȱ Osa ȱǻȬŞȱ Gecko ǼǲȱStrela ȬŗȦ FIGHTER Strela ȬŗŖȱǻȬşȱ Gaskin ȦȬŗřȱ Gopher Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȦ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȦȱ Fulcrum ŗȱȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker MBT ȱŘŖŖȱȬŝŘȦȬŞŖȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬřŗǲȱȬŘŝŘǲȱȬřŖŘ RECCE ȱ ŜŖȱ ȬŘȱ ȱ ȱ ş ŗŗȱ Malyutka ǻȬřȱ Śȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound Sagger Ǽȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker AIFV řŖŖȱȬŘ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK APC ȱŞŖŖȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬřŗǲȱȬŘŚȦŘȦ APC (T) ȱřŖŖȱȬȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝŘȱ Flanker ǲȱȬřśȱ Flanker ǲȱȬřŖŘ APC (W) ȱśŖŖȱȬŞŖȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝřȱ Flanker ǲȱȬřŖŘ ARTY ȱřŜś ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱȬřŖ SP ȱ ŘŜřǱ 122mm ȱ ŗŗřǱȱ şśȱ Řŗǲȱ ŗŞȱ Řŗşǲȱ 152mmȱ ŗśŖǱȱ śŖȱ ŘřŜǲȱśŖȱŘŜśǲȱśŖȱŘř GROUND ATTACK GUN/MOR ŜŜ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱ Fencer SP 120mmȱŚŘǱȱŗŘȱŘŘřȱȬ ǲȱřŖȱŘşȱȬ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱ Fencer TOWED 120mm ȱŘŚȱŘŗŜȱȬ Şȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱ Frogfoot MRL 122mmȱřŜȱȬŘŗ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ Fullback ǲȱȬŘŚȦŘȱ Fencer AT GROUND ATTACK/ISR MSL ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ Fullback ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer * SP şŗŚşȱ ȱş ŗŗŚȱ Shturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral ǼǲȱşŗśŝȬŘȱ ELECTRONIC WARFARE ȱş ŗŘř Khrisantema ȱǻȬŗśȱ Springer Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip MANPATS ȱ ş ŗŗȱ Malyutka ȱ ǻȬřȱ Sagger Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗřȱ ISR Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer * GUNS 100mmȱȬŗŘȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer * AD ŗȱĚȱ ȱȬřŖȱ Clank SAM AIRBORNE EARLY WARNING & CONTROL SP ȱŞŜǱȱŘŖȱş řřȱ Osa ȱǻȬŞȱ Gecko ǼǲȱśŖȱStrela ȬŗȦStrela ȬŗŖȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬśŖȦȬśŖȱ Mainstay ǻȬşȱ Gaskin ȦȬŗřȱ Gopher Ǽǲȱ Şȱ ȬřŖŖȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ TANKER Grumble ǼǲȱŞȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŝŞȦ ȬŝŞȱ Midas MANPAD ȱş řŘȱStrela ȬŘȱǻȬŝȱ Grail Ǽ TRANSPORT GUNS 23mmȱŜŖȱȬŘřȬŚȱ ŜȱȦȱ ȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ MSL • SRBMȱŗŘȱş ŝşȱTochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ Crusty ǲȱȬŗśŚȱ Careless ǲȱȬŞȱHip Coastal Missile and Artillery Troops 2,000 ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘŚȱ Condor ǲȱ ȬŝŜȱ Candid FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱ ȬŝŜȱ Candid COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŘȱ Cock řȱȱ řȱȱ ȱ ȬŝŜȱ Candid Řȱȱ ATTACK HELICOPTER ŗȱȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum ǲȱȬŘŞȱ Havoc ȱǲȱȬřśȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Hind ǲȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱȬŞȬśȱ Hip ARTY • SP 130mmȱΉřŜȱȬŘŘŘȱ Bereg Řȱȱ ȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum B Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 AShM řŜƸǱȱŘŚȱř ŜŖȱBal ǻȬȬŜȱ Sennight ǼǲȱŗŘȱ ȬřŖŖȱ Śȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind Bastion ȱǻȬȬśȱ Stooge ǼǲȱȱŚ ŚŚȱ Redut ǻȬȬŗȱ Sepal Ǽǲȱ řȱȱ ȱȬŘŞȱ Havoc B Ś śŗȱ Rubezh ȱǻȬȬřȱ Styx Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřśȱ Hind TRANSPORT HELICOPTER Military Air Forces ε148,000 (incl conscripts) ŗŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip ȦȬŘŜȱ Halo ¢ȱ ŜŖȱȱŗŖŖȱȦ¢ȱǻȱǼȱ AIR DEFENCE ŗŘŖƸȱǻȱǼ Şȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱ Śȱȱ ȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬŗŝȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǰȱǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ Grizzly ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽ ǰȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ŗŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖǼ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱǯ ŘŘȱGreyhound Ǽ Russia and Eurasia 191

EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MANOEUVRE AIRCRAFT ŗǰŘŖŗȱȱ Air Manoeuvre BBR ŗŚŗǱȱŜřȱȬŘŘřȦȱ ęȱ C; řŗȱȬşśŜȱ Bear ǲȱ ŚȱȱȱǻŘȱȦȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǲȱŗȱȱǼ řŗȱȬşśŗŜȱ Bear ǲȱŗŜȱȬŗŜŖȱ Blackjack ŗȱȱȱ FTR ŚŘŖǱ ŗŘŖȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱřŖȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŗŖŖȱ řȱȱȱ ȬřŗȦřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱ śŖȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱ ŗŖŖȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȬŘŝȱ Flanker ǲȱŘŖȱȬŘŝ Flanker RECCE Tigr FGA ȱ řŚśǱȱ ŘŞȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱ Ŝȱ ȬŘşȱ AIFV ȱŗǰŗŜśǱȱŗŖŖȱȬŗǲȱŗǰŖŖŖȱȬŘǲȱŗŖȱȬřǲȱřŖȱȬ Fulcrum ǲȱŗŖŖȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ǲȱśŖȱȬŘŚŘȱ Fencer ǲȱŚŝȱȬ ŚǲȱŘśȱȬŞŖ ŘŝŘȱ Flanker ǲȱŗŚȱȬŘŝřȱ Flanker ǲȱŗŚȱȬřŖŘǲȱŗśȱȬ APC • APC (T) ȱŝŖŖȱȬ řŖǲȱŚŜȱȬřŚȱ Fullback ǲȱŘśȱȬřś Flanker ARTY ȱŜŖŖƸ ATK ŘŗśǱȱŗśŖȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱśŖȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱŗśȱȬ TOWED 122mm ŗśŖȱȬřŖ Řśȱ Frogfoot GUN/MOR • SP 120mmȱŘśŖȱŘşȱȬȱǻśŖŖȱȱǱȱ ISR ȱŞŜǱȱŚȱȬřŖȱ Clank ǲȱŞŖȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer* ȱǲȱŘȱȬŘŗŚ 120mm ȱśŖŖȱŘşȱȬǼ ELINT řŘǱȱŗśȱ ȬŘŖȱ Coot ȱǲȱśȱ ȬŘŘȱ Coot ǲȱŗŘȱ ȬŘŘȱ Coot MOR • TOWED ŘŖŖƸ 82mm ŗśŖȱŘŗŚǲȱ120mmȱśŖƸȱŘŘř B AT AEW&C ȱ ŘŘǱȱ ŗśȱȬśŖȱ Mainstay ǲȱ řȱȬśŖȱ Mainstay ǲȱ Śȱ Ȭ MSL ŝŜ ȱǻȬşŝŜȱȮȱ¢ȱǼ SP ŗŖŖȱȬ C2 ŜǱȱŘȱ ȬŝŜ ǲȱŚȱ ȬŞŜ ȱ Maxdome MANPATS ȱ ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ȱ ǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗŘ Kobra TKR ŗśǱȱśȱ ȬŝŞȱMidas ǲȱŗŖȱ ȬŝŞȱMidas (ȬŞȱ Songster Ǽ;ȱş ŗŗřȱ Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱ Russia and Eurasia TPT ŚřŘǱȱHeavyȱŗŘřǱȱşȱȬŗŘŚȱ Condor ǲȱŚȱȬŘŘȱ Cock ǲȱŗŗŖȱ Shturm ȱ ǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗśȱ Metis ȱ ǻȬŝȱ Saxhorn Ǽǲȱ ȬŝŜȦȱ Candid ǲȱ Medium ȱ Ŝśȱ ȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱ Light ş ŗŗśȬŗȱ Metis- ( Ȭŗřȱ Saxhorn ȱ ŘǼ ;ȱ ş ŗŗŜȱ Bastion/ ŘŘŜǱȱŗŗśȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŘśȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler ǲ śȱȬŗŚŖǲȱŘŝȱȬŚŗŖǲȱ Basnya ȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Stabber Ǽ; ş ŗŗş ȱ Ě¡Ȧ ȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ śŚȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ǲȱ PAX ȱŗŞȱȬŗśŚȱ Careless Sniper Ǽ; ş ŗřśȱ Kornet ( ȬŗŚȱ Spriggan Ǽ TRG ŗşŞ: ŗśŖȱȬřşȱAlbatros ǲ ŚŞȱȬŗřŖȱ Ĵ RCL 73mmȱ Ȭşȱ HELICOPTERS RL 105mmȱ ȬŘş ATK ȱ ŘşŜƸǱȱ ŗŘȱ ȬśŖȱ Hokum ǲȱ śŜƸȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum ǲȱ ŗśŖȱ GUNS • SP: 125mm řŜƸȱŘŘś ȬŘŚȦȦȱ Hind ǲȱśŚƸȱȬŘŞȱHavoc ǲȱŘŚȱȬřś Hind AD • SAM EW śŚǱ śŖȱȬŞȱ Hip; ŚȱȬŞȬŗȱ Hip SP ŗśŖȱȬ TPT śřŘǱȱ Heavyȱ řŘȱ ȬŘŜȦȬŘŜȱ Halo ǲȱ Medium ȱ śŖŖȱ MANPAD ȱş řŗŖȱ Igla- ŗ ( ȬŗŜȱ Gimlet Ǽǲȱş řŞȱ IglaȱǻȬ ȬŞȦȬŞȦȬŞȦȬŞȬśȱ Hip ŗŞȱ Grouse Ǽǲȱ ş řřřȱ Verba ǲȱ ş řřŞȱ IglaȬȱ ǻȬŘŚȱ Grinch Ǽǲȱ TRG řŖǱȱŗŖȱ ȬŘŘŜǲȱŘŖȱȬ ş řŚȱ Strela Ȭř ( ȬŗŚȱ Gremlin Ǽ UAV • ISR Light ȱ Pchela Ȭŗȱ ARV ȬǲȱȬ AD • SAM • SP ȱ řŝŜǱȱ ŞŖȱ ş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ȧ Ȭŗŝȱ Grizzly Ǽǲȱ ŘŚŖȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ȦȬŘŖȱ Special Operations Forces ε1,000 Gargoyle ǼǲȱŘŖȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant ǼǲȱŘŚȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬ FORCES BY ROLE Řŗ Growler ǼǲȱŗŘȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ SPECIAL FORCES MSL Řȱȱ AAM • IR ȬŘŝȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȦȱ Alamo Ǽǲȱ Ȭŝřȱ ǻȬ ŗŗȱ Archer Ǽǲȱ ȬŜŖȱ ǻȬŞȱ Aphid Ǽǲȱ SARH ȬŘŝȦȱ Russian Military Districts ǻȬŗŖȦȱ Alamo Ǽǲȱ ȬřřȦřřȱ ǻȬşȱ Amos ȱ ȦǼǲȱ ARH Western Military District ȬŝŝȦȬŝŝȬŗȱ ǻȬŗŘȦȬȬŗŘȱ Adder Ǽǲȱ Ȭřŝȱ ǻȬŗřȱ ȱȱȱ Axehead ǼǲȱPRH ȬŘŝȦȱǻȬŗŖȦȱ Alamo Ǽ ARM ȬśŞ ǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽ; ȬŘś ( ȬŗŘȱ Kegler Ǽ; Army Kickback Ȭŗśȱ ǻȬŗŜȱ Ǽȱ ȬřŗȦȱ ǻȱ ȱ FORCES BY ROLE ǼȱǻȬŗŝȱ Krypton Ǽȱ COMMAND ASM ȬŘśȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽǲȱ ȬśşȦ Ȭśşȱ ǻȬŗřȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Řȱ¢ȱ Kingbolt ȦȬŗŞȱ Kazoo Ǽǲȱ ȬŘşȱ ǻȬŗŚȱ Kedge Ǽǲȱ ȬřŗȦ SPECIAL FORCES ȱǻȱȱǼȱǻȬŗŝȱ Krypton Ǽǲȱ ȬřŞȱ Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ ǻȱǼȱ MANOEUVRE LACMȱ ȬŘŘȦřŘȱǻȬŚȱ Kitchen Ǽǲȱ ȬśśȦśśȱǻȬŗśȦȱ Armoured Kent Ǽǲȱ ȬŗŖŗǲȱ ȬŗŖŘǲȱ ȬśśśȱǻȬŗśȱ Kent Ǽȱ ŗȱȱ BOMBS • Laser-guided ȱ ȬśŖŖǲȱ ȬŗśŖŖǲȱ TV-guided ŗȱȱ ȬśŖŖ ǲȱ ȬŗśŖŖ ǲȱ ȬśŖŖǲȱŗśŖŖ Mechanised ŗȱȱ Airborne Troops ε32,000 Śȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE COMBAT SUPPORT SPECIAL FORCES Řȱ¢ȱȱ ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ ŗȱȱ 192 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

Řȱȱȱ ȱ Iskander Ȭ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops ŗȱȱȱ ȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ FORCES BY ROLE Řȱȱ COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Baltic Fleet COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Řȱȱ SUBMARINES • TACTICAL ȱřȱ SSK Ǳȱŗȱ Lada ǲȱŘȱ Paltus Reserves (Kilo Ǽȱ FORCES BY ROLE PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱ ŞǱȱ Řȱ MANOEUVRE DDGHMǲȱŜȱ FFGHM Armoured PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱ ŘŖǱȱ Śȱ ŗȱȱ FSGMǲȱŝȱ FSMǲȱŞȱ PCFG ǲ ŗ PBM Mechanised MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES Řȱȱ ŗśǱȱŚ MSC ǲȱŗŗ MHI AMPHIBIOUS LST LCU LCM LCAC Northern Fleet ȱŗřǱȱŚ ǲȱŘȱ ǲȱśȱ ǲȱŘȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Naval Aviation SUBMARINES ȱřřȱ FORCES BY ROLE STRATEGIC ȱşȱSSBN ǻȱȱȱȱǼ FIGHTER TACTICAL ȱŘŚǱȱŚȱSSGN ǲȱŗř SSN ǲȱŝȱSSK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱ ŗŗǱȱ ŗȱ CV ǲȱ Řȱ GROUND ATTACK/ISR CGHMN ǻȱȬǼǲȱŗȱ CGHM ǻȱǼǲȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱ Fencer ŝȱ DDGHM ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱşǱȱřȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȦ ȬŘşȱ Helix FSGMǲȱŜȱFSM MINE WARFARE ȱ ŗŘǱȱ ŗȱ MHO ǻȱ Ǽǲȱ řȱ MSO ǲȱ Şȱ TRANSPORT MSC ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty AMPHIBIOUS Śȱ LST TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip Naval Aviation EQUIPMENT BY TYPE FORCES BY ROLE AIRCRAFT FIGHTER FTR ŗŞȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker Řȱȱ ȱȬřřȱ Flanker ǲȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot FGA ŗŖȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE ISR ŚȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer * ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŖȱ Coot ȱǲȱ ȬřŞȱ May ȘǲȱȬŗřŚ TPT ȱŞǱȱŜȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty řȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȦ ȬŘşȱ Helix HELICOPTERS ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear Ȧ ASWȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix EQUIPMENT BY TYPE TPT • Medium ȱ ȬŘşȱ Helix; Mi-8 Hip AIRCRAFT FTR ȱŗŞȱȬřřȱ Flanker ȱ Naval Infantry ATK śȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot FORCES BY ROLE ASWȱŗřȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear Ȧ ȱ MANOEUVRE EW • ELINT ȱřǱȱŘȱ ȬŘŖȱ Coot ȱǲȱŗȱ ȬŘŘȱ Coot B Mechanised MP ŗŚȱ ȬřŞȱMay * ŗȱȱ TPT ȱşǱȱŞȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŗȱȱ HELICOPTERS ŗȱȱȱ ASWȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱ COMBAT SUPPORT TPT ȱ ȬŘşȱ Helix ǲȱȬŞȱ Hip ŗȱ¢ȱ Naval Infantry ŗȱȱȱ ȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ FORCES BY ROLE AIR DEFENCE MANOEUVRE ŗȱȱ Mechanised ŗȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops ŗȱȱȱǻǼ FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱȱȱ COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 193

Military Air Force Army 1st Air Force & Air Defence Command FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND FORCES BY ROLE Řȱ¢ȱ FIGHTER SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱȬŘŝ Flanker MANOEUVRE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker Armoured FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲ ȬŘŚȦŘȦȱ Mechanised Fencer ŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱ GROUND ATTACK/ISR ŝȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚȱ Fullback ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer COMBAT SUPPORT ISR Řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱĚȱ ȱȬřŖȱ Clank ŗȱȱ ELECTRONIC WARFARE Řȱȱȱ ȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip Řȱȱ TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty Řȱȱ Russia and Eurasia ATTACK HELICOPTER COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum ǲȱȬŘŞȱ Havoc ȱǲȱȬ Řȱȱ řśȱHind ǲȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱȬŞȬśȱ Hip Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind Reserves TRANSPORT HELICOPTER FORCES BY ROLE řȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip MANOEUVRE AIR DEFENCE Mechanised ŗȱȱ ȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬŗŝȱ řȱȱ Grizzly ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽ Military Air Force ŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱ ǻȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽ 2nd Air Force & Air Defence Command EQUIPMENT BY TYPE FORCES BY ROLE AIRCRAFT FIGHTER FTR ŗŜŖǱȱśŗȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱŗŖşȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound Flanker Řȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound FGA ŗŖŘǱȱŘŞȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŜȱ ȬŘşȱ GROUND ATTACK Fulcrum ǲȱŚŚȱȬŘŚȦŘȱ Fencer ǲȱŘŚ ȬřŚȱ Fullback Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ISR řŞǱȱŚȱȬřŖȱ Clank ǲȱŗŖȱ ȬŘśȱ Foxbat * ŘŚȱ ISR ȬŘŚȱ Fencer * ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E TPT ȱŗŘȱȬŗŘȦȬŘŜȦȬŗřŚ TRANSPORT HELICOPTERS ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ǲȱ ATK ȱśŞƸǱȱŗŘȱ ȬśŘȱHokum ǲȱřŖȱȬŘŚȱ Hind; 12 ȬŗśŚǲȱȬŞȱ Hip Mi-28N Havoc ǲȱŚƸȱȬřśȱ ATTACK HELICOPTER EWȱŗŖȱȬŞȱ Hip Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind TPT • Medium ȱśŖȱȬŞȱHip TRANSPORT HELICOPTER AD • SAM • SP ȱ ş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ȧ Řȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip ȦȬŘŜȱ Halo Ȭŗŝȱ Grizzly Ǽǲȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ȦȬŘŖȱ AIR DEFENCE Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Gargoyle ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽ Ŝȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Airborne Troops AIRCRAFT FORCES BY ROLE FTR ŝřȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound SPECIAL FORCES FGA ȱŘŜȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ŗȱǻȱǼȱȱ ISR ȱŗřȱȬŘŚ Fencer E MANOEUVRE TPT ȱřŜȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ȦȬŘŜȱ Curl ȦȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ȦȬ Air Manoeuvre ŗśŚȱCareless řȱȱ HELICOPTERS ATK ȱŘŚȱȬŘŚȱHind Central Military District TPT ȱŚŜǱȱŜȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱŚŖȱȬŞȱHip ȱȱ AD • SAM • SP ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽ 194 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

Airborne Troops EQUIPMENT BY TYPE FORCES BY ROLE AIRCRAFT FGA ȱŗŞȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer MANOEUVRE ISR ȱŚȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E Air Manoeuvre MP ȱŜȱȬŗŘȱMail * ŗȱȱ TPT ȱŜȱȬŘŜ Southern Military District HELICOPTERS

ȱȱȱȬȬ ASWȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix TPT • Medium ȱȬŞȱ Hip ȱǻȦȦǼ Army Naval Infantry FORCES BY ROLE FORCES BY ROLE COMMAND MANOEUVRE Řȱ¢ȱ Mechanised SPECIAL FORCES Řȱȱȱ Řȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT MANOEUVRE ŗȱ¢ȱ Reconnaissance AIR DEFENCE ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Mechanised Ŝȱȱ Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops ŗȱȱȱǻǼ FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱȱȱǻ£Ǽ COASTAL DEFENCE ŗȱȱȱǻȱǼ ŗȱȱ řȱǻȦǼȱȱ ŗȱȱȱ COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ Caspian Sea Flotilla ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŗȱȱ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱŘȱFFGM ŗȱȱȱ ȱ Iskander Ȭ ǻȬŘŜȱ Stone Ǽ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱ ŗŗǱȱ Řȱ Řȱȱ FSGMǲȱřȱFSMǲȱŘȱPCFG ǲȱřȱPHMǲȱŗ PBM ŗȱȱ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES ȱŝǱȱ ŗȱȱ śȱ MSC ǲȱŘȱMHI COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT AMPHIBIOUS ȱŗŗǱȱŘȱLCMǲȱŚȱLCU ǲȱśȱLCAC Řȱȱ Military Air Force Black Sea Fleet ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǰȱ 4th Air Force & Air Defence Command ȱǰȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǯȱ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum SUBMARINES • TACTICAL ȱ Řȱ SSK ȱ ǻȱ ŗȱ Som ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǻǼ (Tango ǼȱȱǼ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱśǱȱŘȱ CGHMǲȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker ǲȱȬŘŝř Flanker ǲȱȬ ŗȱ DDGMǲȱŘȱFFGM řŖŘ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱ ŘŖǱȱ Śȱ GROUND ATTACK FSGM FSM PHM PCFG PBM PHT ǲȱŜȱ ǲȱŗ ǲȱś ǲȱřȱ ǲȱŗȱ Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱ Frogfoot • MINE WARFARE MINE COUNTERMEASURES ȱşǱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬřŚ Fullback ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ŗȱ MHOǲȱŜȱMSO ǲȱŘȱMSC Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ISR AMPHIBIOUS ȱşǱȱŞȱLST ǲȱŗȱLCU ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E Naval Aviation TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ȦȬŞȱ Hip FORCES BY ROLE ATTACK HELICOPTER FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum B ANTI-SURFACE WARFARE/ISR řȱȱ ȱȬŘŞȱ Havoc B ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦȱ Fencer ŗȱȱ ȱȬřśȱ Hind ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hip ȦȬŘŜȱ Halo ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚȱ Haze AIR DEFENCE MARITIME PATROL/TRANSPORT ŗȱȱ ȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬŗŝȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜȱǲȱȬŗŘȱ Mail ȘǲȱȬŞ Grizzly Ǽ Russia and Eurasia 195

Řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽ STRATEGIC ȱřȱSSBN ŗȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir Ȭŗȱ TACTICAL ŗşǱȱśȱSSGN ǲȱśȱSSN ǲȱşȱSSK ǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ȱşǱȱŗȱ CGHMǲȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Şȱ DDGHM ǻȱ ȱȱȱǼ AIRCRAFT PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ŘřǱȱ řȱ FTR ŗŘŗǱȱŜřȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱśŞȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker FSGMǲȱşȱFSMǲȱŗŖȱPCFG ǲȱŗȱPBM FGA ŞŞǱȱŜŘȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer; ŗŘ ȬŘŝřȱ Flanker ǲȱ MINE WARFARE ȱŝǱȱŘȱMSO ǲȱśȱMSC ŘȱȬřŖŘǲȱŗŘȱȬřŚȱ Fullback AMPHIBIOUS ȱŜǱȱŚȱLST; 2 LCU ATK ŗŘşȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ISR ŘŚȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer * Naval Aviation TPT ȱŗŘȱȬŗŘȱ Cub FORCES BY ROLE HELICOPTERS FIGHTER ATK ȱŜŚǱȱŗŜȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum ǲȱřŚȱȬŘŞȱ Havoc Řȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱŗŚȱȬřśȱ Hind ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE TPT ȱŝŘǱȱ Heavy ȱŗŖȱȬŘŜȱ Halo ǲȱ Medium ȱŜŘȱȬŞȱ řȱȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȦ ȬŘşȱ Helix Hip ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŗŞǲȱ ȬŘŘȱ Coot ȱǲȱ ȬřŞȱ May * AD • SAM • SP ȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear Ȧ Ș ŗŝȱGrizzly ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle ǼǲȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗ TRANSPORT Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŗřŚ Airborne Troops EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Russia and Eurasia AIRCRAFT FORCES BY ROLE FTR ŘŚȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound MANOEUVRE ASWȱŗŚȱȬŗŚŘȦȱ Bear ȱȦ Ș Air Manoeuvre MP ŗśȱ ȬřŞȱMay* ŗȱȱ EW • ELINT ŗȱ ȬŘŘȱCoot B ŗȱȱȱ TPT ȱŜǱȱŘȱȬŗŘ ȱ Cub ǲȱřȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŗȱȬŗřŚ Eastern Military District HELICOPTERS ȱȱȱ ASWȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix TPT • Medium ȱ ȬŘşȱ Helix ǲȱȬŞȱHip Army FORCES BY ROLE Naval Infantry COMMAND FORCES BY ROLE Śȱ¢ȱ MANOEUVRE SPECIAL FORCES Mechanised ŗȱǻ£Ǽȱȱ Řȱȱȱ MANOEUVRE AIR DEFENCE Armoured ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ Mechanised Coastal Artillery and Missile Troops ŗŖȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱ ȱ COASTAL DEFENCE COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱȱ řȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ ŗȱȱ řȱȱȱ ȱ Tochka ȱǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab Ǽȱ Military Air Force řȱȱ ŗȱȱ 3rd Air Force & Air Defence Command

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ŗȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT FIGHTER Śȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound ǲȱȬŘŝŘȱ Flanker ǲȱ ȬřŖŘ Reserves ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŝŘȱ Flanker ǲȱȬřŖŘǲȱȬřśȱ FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK Mechanised ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱȬřŖ Şȱȱ GROUND ATTACK ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȦŘȱ Fencer Paci%c Fleet Řȱȱ ȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ISR SUBMARINES ȱŘŘȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E 196 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

TRANSPORT PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŘřř Řȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ȦȬŘŜȱ Curl ȦȬŗřŚȱ Crusty Ȧ PCMȱŚŜǱȱ ȬŗśŚȱ Careless Řȱ Molnya ȱ ȱǻ Pauk Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘ ATTACK HELICOPTER ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Řȱ ȱ śřřȱ ȱ ǰȱ Řȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ȱŗŘŖŖȱǰȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬśŘȱ Hokum B Řŝȱ Svetljak ( Svetlyak Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘ TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ Ŝȱȱ ȱȬŞȱ Hind ȦȬŘŜȱ Halo ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ AIR DEFENCE ŗŝȱMolnya ȱ ȱǻ Pauk Ǽȱ ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ Strela ȬŘ Řȱȱ ȱş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ ȦȬŗŝȱ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǰȱ Śȱ ȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ Grizzly ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽ ŗŘŖŖǰȱŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ PHT Řȱ Antares ( Muravey Ǽȱ řȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱ PCO ŗŝǱȱŞȱȱśŖřȱǻ Alpinist Ǽǲȱŗȱ Sprut ǲȱśȱ Rubin ȱŗȱ ǻȬŘŖȱ Gargoyle Ǽ ŜřŖȱ ǲȱŘȱ Antur; ȱŗȱPurga ŗȱȱ ȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬŘŗȱ Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir Ȭŗȱ PSO ȱŚȱKomandor ǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ PCC ȱ ŗřȱ Tarantul ( Stenka Ǽ ȱ Śȱ ŚŖŜȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ŜřŖȱ AIRCRAFT PB ȱŚśǱȱřȱȱŗŚřŗŖȱǻ Mirazh Ǽǲȱŗřȱ¢ȱŗŚşŜǲ ŗŘȱGrif FTR ŘŖȱ Ȭřŗȱ Foxhound (ZhukǼǲȱŗŝȱKulik FGA ŗŖřǱȱŚŚȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ǲȱŗŖȱȬŘŚŘȱ Fencer ǲȱŚŝȱ PBR ȱŘśǱȱřȱ Ogonek ȱŘȱ ŜřŖȱ ǲȱŞȱ Piyavka ȱ ȬŘŝŘȱ Flanker ǲȱŘȱȬřŖŘ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǲȱśȱ Shmel ȱŗȱŝŜȱǲȱŜȱ Moskit ATK ŝŘȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot (Vosh Ǽȱ ȱ ŗȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ ŗȱ ŝŜȱ ǲȱ Řȱ Slepen ISR ŘŞȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E (Yaz Ǽȱ ȱŘȱŗŗśȱǲȱŗȱ Gornostay TPT ȱŘŘȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ȦȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ǲȱŗȱ PBF ȱŞŗǱȱŗȱȬŗŘśǲȱŘȱ Bogomol ȱŘȱ ȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱŗȱ ȬŗśŚȱ Careless ŝŜȱǲȱŗŝȱ Mangust ǲȱŚȱ Mustang ȱǻȱŗŞŜŘřǼǲȱŗśȱ HELICOPTERS Saygak ǲȱΉŚŖȱSobol ǲȱŘȱSokzhoi ATK ȱŚŚǱȱŘŖȱ ȬśŘȱHokum ǲȱŘŚȱȬŘŚȱ Hind AMPHIBIOUS • LC • LCAC ŝȱ Tsaplya ȱǻȱȱȱ TPT ȱŜŖǱȱHeavyȱŚȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱ Medium ȱśŜȱȬŞȱ Ǽ Hip LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT ȱŚŗ AD • SAM • SP ȱ ş řŝȦş řŗŝȱ Buk ȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ȧ AGB ȱ śȱ Ivan Susanin ȱ ǻ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ǽȱ Ȭŗŝȱ Grizzly Ǽǲȱ ȬřŖŖȦȱ ǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble ȦȬŘŖȱ AGS ȱŘȱYug ȱǻ¢ȱȱȱȱǼȱ Gargoyle ǼǲȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant ǼǲȱȬŚŖŖȱǻȬ AK ȱŞȱNeon Antonov Řŗ Growler ǼǲȱşŜ Ŝȱ Pantsir ȬŗȱǻȬŘŘȱ Greyhound Ǽ AKSL ȱŜȱKanin AO ŘǱȱŗ Baskunchak ǲȱŗȱȱŗśŗŖȱ Airborne Troops ATF ŗŞȱSorum ȱǻ¢ȱȱȱȱǼ FORCES BY ROLE AIRCRAFT • TPT ȱΉŞŜǱȱŝŖȱȬŘŚȱ Coke ȦȬŘŜȱ Curl ȦȬŝŘȱ MANOEUVRE Coaler Ȧ ȬŝŜȱ Candid ȦȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ȦȬŚŖȱ Codling ǲȱŗŜȱȬ Air Manoeuvre şŘ Řȱȱȱ HELICOPTERS Ǳȱ ΉŘŖŖȱ ȬŘŞȱ ǻ ȬŘŝǼȱ Helix ȱ ȦȬŘŚȱ Hind ȱȦȬŘŜȱ Halo ȱȦȬŞȱ Hip ȱȱ Paramilitary 489,000 Federal Agency for Special Construction Federal Border Guard Service ε160,000 (MOD) ε50,000 ¢ȱȱȱȱǲȱ ȱ¢ȱ Federal Communications and Information ȱȬȱ Agency ε55,000 FORCES BY ROLE FORCES BY ROLE ŗŖȱȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 MANOEUVRE MANOEUVRE Other Other Śȱ¢ȱ ŝȱȱ ŘŞȱ¢ȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE AIFV/APC (W) ȱŗǰŖŖŖȱȦ Federal Protection Service ε10,000–30,000 ARTY • SP ȱ şŖǱȱ 122mmȱ Řŗ ; 120mm ȱ ŘŗŘǲȱ 120mmȱ Řşȱ active Anona ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱȱȱ PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS Ǽ FRIGATES • FFHMȱ řȱ Nerey ( Krivak Ǽȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ FORCES BY ROLE ȱ ȱ Osa Ȭȱ ǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko Ǽ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ MANOEUVRE śřřȱ ȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ȱ ŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱ ŗȱ Mechanised ŗŖŖȱȱǻ¢ȱŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱǼ ŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 197

Air Manoeuvre ȱȱȱȱĚȱ ȱ ȱȱŘŖŖŞǰȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȁ ȱȂǰȱ ȱ Other ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ǲȱȱȱȱ ȱ ŗȱǻǼȱȱ ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱŘŖŗŘǰȱȬ ȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Federal Security Service ε4,000 active (armed) ȱ¢ȱ ȱǱȱȁȱ¢ȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǲȱ MANOEUVRE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Other ¢Ȃǲȱ ȱ ȁ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǻȱȱȱ¢ȱǼ ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȂǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Interior Troops Ή170,000 ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ FORCES BY ROLE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŝȱȱǱȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱǰȱȬȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ MANOEUVRE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Other ǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ řȱǻśśǰȱśşȱǭȱǼȱ¢ȱȱǻŘȮśȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱǼ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŞȱǻǼȱ¢ȱȱǻřȱȱǰȱŗȱȱǼ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Russia and Eurasia Řȱȱ¢ȱȱǻȦǼ ȱȱȱǯȱ ŗŖŘȱ¢ȱȦȱǻȱȱȱǼ ŗŗȱǻǼȱ¢ȱ DEPLOYMENT Aviation Şȱ ARMENIA COMBAT SUPPORT řǰřŖŖǱȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻŗȱ ȱ ǲȱ ŝŚȱ ȬŝŘǲȱ ŞŖȱ Ȭŗǲȱ ŞŖȱ ŗȱ¢ȱ ȬŘǲȱŗŘȱŘŗǲȱŗŘȱȬŘŗǼǲȱŗȱȱ ȱŗŞȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŘȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ¢ȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ȦGiant Ǽǲȱŗȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ MBT ȱş Ř ŗŘȱ Kub ȱǻȬŜȱ Gainful Ǽ AIFV/APC (W) ȱŗǰŜśŖȱȬŗȦȬŘȦȬŞŖ BELARUS ARTY ȱřśȱ ŗȱȱĚȱ ȱśȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker ǲȱŗȱȬśŖȱ Mainstay ǲȱŚȱȱȱ TOWED 122mmȱŘŖȱȬřŖȱ ȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŖȱ Ǽǲȱŗȱȱȱȱȱ MOR 120mmȱŗśȱȬřŞȱ (Volga ȱ¢ǲȱǼǲȱŗȱȱȱ AIRCRAFT TPT ŘřǱȱHeavy şȱ ȬŝŜȱCandid ǲȱ Medium ȱŘȱ ȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲ Light ȱŗŘȱȬŘŜ Curl ǲȱŜȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler BOSNIA$HERZEGOVINA HELICOPTERS • TPT ŝŖǱȱHeavy ŗŖȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱ OSCE Ȋȱȱȱ £ȱŘ Medium ȱŜŖȱȬŞȱHip CÔTE D’IVOIRE Railway Troops (MOD) ε20,000 UN Ȋȱ ȱŗŗȱ Śȱȱ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO FORCES BY ROLE UN ȊȱȱŘŞȱ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT ŗŖȱǻ ¢Ǽȱȱ GEORGIA ŝǰŖŖŖǲȱ£ȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŚŖȱȬşŖǲȱŗŘŖȱ Cyber ȬŞŘǲȱŗŞȱŘřǲȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǲȱŗŞȱȬŘŗǲȱȱȬřŖŖȱǲȱ ȱ ŘŖŖřǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǼǲȱȱȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱȱǲȱŚŖȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ ǯȱȱ ȱŘŖŖřǰȱ ȬŝŘǲȱŗŘŖȱȬŘǲȱřŜȱŘřǲȱŗŘȱŘŗŘǼȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ KAZAKHSTAN Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Dnepr ȱǻǼǯȱȱęȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ŗȱȱȱȱȱǻ ȱ¢ǲȱǼ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȁȱ KYRGYZSTAN ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ΉśŖŖǲȱśȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱŘȱȬŞȱ Hip ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŗǰȱȱȱ¢Ȭȱȱ ȱĴȱȱ LIBERIA ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱřȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ MIDDLE EAST ěȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ UN ȊȱȱŚȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ MOLDOVA/TRANSDNIESTR ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ΉŗǰśŖŖȱǻȱřśŖȱǼǲȱŘȱȱǲȱŗŖŖȱȦ ¢ǯȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȧǲ ŝȱȬŘŚȱHind ǲȱȱȬŞȱ Hip 198 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

SERBIA ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȂȱ OSCE Ȋȱ ȱŗ ȱȱ ȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱ¢ȱ SOUTH SUDAN ȱǻȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱřǲȱŘȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ Ǽǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ SUDAN ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - UN Ȋȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ SYRIA ȱ ¢ȱ Ȯȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱǯ TAJIKISTAN śǰŖŖŖǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱǲȱŚŖȱȬŝŘŗǲȱŜŖȱ ACTIVE 8,800 (Army 7,300, Air Force/Air Defence ȬŘǲȱŞŖȱȬŞŖǲȱŚŖȱȬǲȱŗŞȱŘŗǲȱřŜȱŘřǲȱŜȱŘŗŘȦŗŘȱ 1,500) Paramilitary 7,500 şŗŚŖȱUragan ǼǲȱŚȱȬŞȱHip Conscript liability ȱŘŚȱ UKRAINE ǱȱŘŖǰŖŖŖǲȱŘȱȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǲȱŞŖȱȬŘȱ ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ǲȱŘŖȱȬŞŖȱǱȱŗśŖȱȬǲȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ¢ǲȱŗŘȱȬŘŗȱ ǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ Army 7,300 Bastion ǲȱŗȱȱ ȱȱȱǲȱŘȱȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE ȱȱȱǻ Dnepr ȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱ MANOEUVRE (Dnepr ȱ¢Ǽȱ Mechanised ȦǱȱřŖŖƸȱǻǼ řȱȱ OSCE ȊȱȱŗŜ Air Manoeuvre ŗȱȱȱ WESTERN SAHARA COMBAT SUPPORT UN Ȋȱ ȱŗŗȱ ŗȱ¢ȱ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Tajikistan TJK MBT ȱřŝǱȱřŖȱȬŝŘǲȱŝȱȬŜŘ Tajikistani Somoni Tr 2013 2014 2015 AIFV ȱŘřǱȱŞȱȬŗǲȱŗśȱȬŘȱ APC (W) ȱŘřȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ GDP Tr 40.5bn 46.6bn ARTY ȱŘřȱ US$ 8.5bn 9.16bn TOWED 122mmȱŗŖȱȬřŖȱ per capita US$ 1,045 1,103 MRL 122mmȱřȱȬŘŗȱ Growth % 7.4 6.0 MOR 120mmȱŗŖȱ AD • SAMȱŘŖƸȱ In"ation % 5.0 6.6 TOWED ŘŖȱ Ȭŝśȱ Dvina ȱ ǻȬŘȱ Guideline Ǽǲȱ ȬŗŘśȱ Pechora - Def bdgt [a] Tr 923m ε946m ŘȱǻȬřȱ Goa Ǽ US$ 194m 186m MANPAD ȱş řŘȱStrela ȬŘȱǻȬŝȱ Grail ǼȖȱ FMA (US) US$ 0.8m 1.5m 0.7m US$1=Tr 4.8 5.1 Air Force/Air Defence 1,500 [a] Defence and law enforcement expenses FORCES BY ROLE TRANSPORT Population 8,051,512 ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty Ethnic groups: Tajik 67%; Uzbek 25%; Russian 2%; Tatar 2% ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ǲȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱȬŗŝȱ Hip H

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Male 16.8% 5.0% 5.2% 5.1% 16.3% 1.3% AIRCRAFT Female 16.2% 4.8% 5.1% 5.0% 17.3% 1.8% TPT • Light ŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty TRG ŚƸǱ ŚȱȬřşȱAlbatros ǲȱȱȬśŘ Capabilities HELICOPTERS ATK ȱŚȱȬŘŚȱHind ȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱ TPT • Medium ȱŗŗȱȬŞȱHip ȦȬŗŝȱ Hip H ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ - ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ Paramilitary 7,500 ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Interior Troops 3,800 ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ National Guard 1,200 Russia and Eurasia 199

Emergencies Ministry 2,500 FORCES BY ROLE MANOEUVRE Border Guards Mechanised řȱȱ DEPLOYMENT Řȱȱ Air Manouvre UKRAINE ŗȱȱȱ OSCE ȱȊȱȱŗ Other ŗȱȱȱ FOREIGN FORCES COMBAT SUPPORT ŗȱ¢ȱ Russia śǰŖŖŖǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱǻŗȱǻŘŖŗǼȱȱǲȱŚŖȱȬŝŘŗǲȱ ŗȱȱ ŜŖȱȬŘǲȱŞŖȱȬŞŖǲȱŚŖȱȬǲȱŗŞȱŘŗǲȱřŜȱŘřǲȱŜȱŘŗŘȦŗŘȱ ŗȱȱ şŗŚŖȱUragan ǼǲȱŚȱȬŞȱHip ŗȱȱȱ ȱ Scud Řȱȱ Turkmenistan TKM ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE † Turkmen New Manat TMM 2013 2014 2015 MBT ȱŜŞŖǱȱŗŖȱȬşŖǲȱŜŝŖȱȬŝŘȱ GDP TMM 116bn 135bn RECCE ȱŗŝŖȱȦȬŘȱ US$ 40.8bn 47.5bn AIFV ȱşŚŘǱ şřŖȱȬŗȦȬŘǲȱŗŘȱȱ Russia and Eurasia per capita US$ 7,157 8,203 APC (W) ȱŞŘşȱȬŜŖȦȬŝŖȦȬŞŖȱ Growth % 10.2 10.1 ARTY ȱśŝŖȱ SP ȱśŜǱȱ122mmȱŚŖȱŘŗ; 152mmȱŗŜȱŘřȱ In"ation % 6.8 5.0 TOWEDȱ ŘŜşǱ 122mm ȱ ŗŞŖȱ ȬřŖǲȱ 152mmȱ ŞşǱȱ ŗŝȱ Ȭŗǲȱ ŝŘȱ Def exp TMM ε1.75bn ȬŘŖȱ US$ ε612m GUN/MOR 120mmȱŗŝȱŘşȱ Anona FMA (US) US$ 0.69m 0.1m MRL ȱ ŗřŗǱȱ 122mmȱ ŜśǱȱ şȱ şŗřŞǲȱ śŜȱ ȬŘŗǲȱ 220mmȱ ŜŖȱ USD1=TMM 2.85 2.85 şŗŚŖȱUragan; 300mmȱŜȱşśŘȱSmerch MORȱşŝǱȱ82mmȱřŗǲ 120mmȱŜŜȱȬřŞȱ Population 5,171,943 AT Ethnic groups: Turkmen 77%; Uzbek 9%; Russian 7%; Kazak 2% MSL • MANPATS ȱ ş ŗŗȱ ǻȬřȱ Sagger Ǽǲȱ ş ŗŗŗȱ ǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗśȱǻȬŜ Spiral) Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus GUNS 100mmȱŝŘȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ Male 13.4% 4.9% 5.3% 5.1% 19.1% 1.8% AD • SAMȱśřƸ Female 13.0% 4.8% 5.2% 5.1% 19.9% 2.4% SP ȱśřǱȱŚŖȱş řřȱ Osa ȱǻȬŞȱ Gecko Ǽǲȱŗřȱş řśȱ Strela Ȭŗ 0ȱǻȬ ŗřȱGopher Ǽ Capabilities MANPAD ȱş řŘȱStrela ȬŘȱǻȬŝȱ Grail ǼȖȱ GUNS ȱŝŖȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ SP 23mm ȱŚŞȱȬŘřȬŚȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ - TOWED 57mm ȱŘŘȱȬŜŖȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱŗşşşȱ MSL • SSMȱŗŖȱȬŗȱ Scud ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŖşȱ¢ȱǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱřŖȱȬşŖȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ Navy 500 ŘŖŗŗǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱęǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ǯȱȱȱǰȱȱĜȱȱȱ - PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŗş ȱ¢ȱěȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ PCFG Řȱ Edermen ȱǻȱ Molnya Ǽȱ ȱŚȱȱȱ ȱ řŘŚȱ Uran ȱǰȱŗȱȱȱǻȱǼȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱŘŖŗśǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱş řŘȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽ ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ PCC ȱŚȱArkadag ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ PBF ŗŘǱȱśȱGrif Ȭǲ ś ȱŗŚǱȱŘȱ Sobol ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǯ PB ŗȱ Point ACTIVE 22,000 (Army 18,500 Navy 500 Air 3,000) Air Force 3,000 Conscript liability ȱŘŚȱ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Řȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱȬŗŝȱ Ĵ ǲȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot Army 18,500 TRANSPORT śȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŜ Curl ǲȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱȬŘŚȱHind 200 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

TRAINING ǯȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǲȱȱȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŝȱ Ĵȱ ǲȱȬřşȱ Albatros ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¡ȱ AIR DEFENCE ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȬŝśȱ Dvina ǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼǲȱȬŗŘśȱ Pechora ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǻȬřȱ Goa ǼǲȱȬŘŖŖȱAngara ȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ Ȃȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ǽȱ AIRCRAFT ȱşŚȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ FTR ȱŘŚǱȱŘŘȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱŘȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ȱȱǯȱǻȱǯȱŗŜŞȮŝřǯǼ FGA ȱŜŞǱȱřȱȬŝȱ Ĵȱ ǲȱŜśȱȬŗŝȱ Ĵȱ B ACTIVE 121,500 (Army 64,000 Navy 7,000 Air ATK ŘȱȬŘś ȱ Frogfoot ǻŚŗȱȱȱǼ 45,000 Airborne 5,500) Paramilitary n.k. TPT • Light ȱŗȱȬŘŜȱ Curl Conscript liability ¢ǰȱȱȱŗŞȱǰȱ¢ȱŘȱ TRG ȱŘȱȬřşȱAlbatros ¢ǯȱȱȱȱŘŖŗřȱǰȱȱȱ HELICOPTERS ȱȱȱȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǯȱȱ ATK ȱŗŖȱȬŘŚȱHind ȱȱȱȱśŖƖȱȱȱȱǯ TPT • Medium ȱŞȱȬŞȱHip AD • SAMȱśŖȱȬŝśȱDvina ȱǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼȦȬŗŘśȱ Pechora RESERVE 1,000,000 (Joint 1,000,000) ǻȬřȱ Goa ǼȦȬŘŖŖȱ Angara ȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ ¢ȱȱ ȱśȱ¢ȱ

ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE Ukraine UKR Army 64,000 Ukrainian Hryvnia h 2013 2014 2015 ȱȱȱȱȱŞȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ GDP h 1.45tr 1.52tr ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱ US$ 178bn 135bn ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǯ per capita US$ 3,930 2,979 FORCES BY ROLE Growth % -0.0 -6.5 COMMAND In"ation % -0.3 11.4 ŗȱȱ Def bdgt [a] h 19.7bn 40.5bn 63bn SPECIAL FORCES Řȱȱ US$ 2.41bn 3.59bn MANOEUVRE FMA (US) US$ 7m 4.2m 2m Armoured US$1=h 8.16 11.30 Řȱȱ [a] Defence & security budget, includes funds for the Interior Mechanised Ministry. 2014 #gure excludes funding from general budget şȱȱ reserve fund and special defence and security reserve fund. ŗȱȱ Population 44,291,413 Aviation Řȱȱ Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus ŗȱȱ Male 7.2% 2.6% 3.3% 4.2% 23.4% 5.2% COMBAT SUPPORT Female 6.8% 2.4% 3.2% 4.1% 26.9% 10.7% Řȱ¢ȱ řȱȱ Capabilities ŗȱȱ řȱȱ ȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ Śȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ŗȱȱ ǯȱȬȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ - ŗȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ Śȱȱ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱ ȬŘŝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ MBT ȱŝŖŖȱȬŜŚȦǲȱǻŗŖȱȬŞŚȱ Oplot; ŗŜśȱȬŞŖǲȱŜŖŖȱȬŝŘǲȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŜśŖȱȬŜŚǲȱŘŖȱȬśśȱȱȱǼȱ ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȁ ȱȂȱ¢ȱȱ RECCE ȱŚśŖȱȬŘȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ AIFV ȱŗǰŘŚşǱ ŗśȱȬŗǰȱŗśȱȬŘǲȱŘŖŖȱȬŗǲȱşŖŖȱȬŘǲȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱǰȱ ŚȱȬřǲȱŗŗśȱȬŗ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ - APC ȱŚşŖȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ - APC (T) ȱŗśȱȬȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ APC (W) ȱřŜŖǱȱȱȱŗŖȱȬŚǲȱśȱȬŜŖǲȱŘřśȱȬŝŖǲȱŗŗŖȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ - ȬŞŖȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ARTY ȱŗǰŞŜŘ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ SP ȱśŘŞƸǱ 122mmȱŘŚŖȱŘŗǲ 152mmȱŘŞŞǱȱřśȱŘŗşȱFarm ǲȱŘřśȱ ȱȱȱŘŖŗŚǰȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ŘřǲȱŗŞȱŘśǲ 203mmȱŘŝȱǻȱȱşŖȱȱǼ Russia and Eurasia 201

TOWEDȱśŗśǱ 122mmȱŝśȱȬřŖǲȱ152mmȱŚŚŖǱȱŗŞŖȱŘřŜǲȱ LANDING CRAFT ř ŗřŖȱŘŜśǲȱŗřŖȱȬŘŖ LCAC ŗȱ Pomornik ( Zubr Ǽȱ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ GUN/MOR • 120mm • TOWEDȱŘȱŘŗŜȱȬ ş řŘȱ Strela ȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽȱ ǰȱ Řȱ ŜřŖȱ ǰȱ MRL ȱřŚŞǱ 122mmȱŘŖřǱȱŗŞȱşŗřŞǲȱŗŞśȱȬŘŗǲȱ 220mmȱŝŖȱ ǻ¢ȱŘřŖȱǲȱȱřȱȱȱŗŖȱȱǻǼǼ şŗŚŖȱUragan ǲ 300mmȱŝśȱşśŘȱSmerch LCU Řȱ MOR 120mmȱŘŘŖǱȱŗşŖȱŘŗŘǲȱřŖȱȬřŞȱ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT řŖ AT AG Ř MSL • MANPATS ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ǻȬŚȱ Spigot Ǽǲȱş ŗŗřȱ AGI Řȱ Muna Konkurs ȱǻȬśȱ Spandrel Ǽǲȱş ŗŗŚȱShturm ȱǻȬŜȱ Spiral Ǽȱ AGS ŗȱ Biya GUNS 100mm ȱΉśŖŖȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ AKL ȱŗ HELICOPTERS AO Řȱ Toplivo ATK ȱŗřŚȱȬŘŚȱHind AWT ŗȱ Sudak TPT • Medium ȱřŖȱȬŞȱHip AXL řȱ Petrushka AD YDT ŗřǱȱŗȱYelva ǲȱŗŘȱ SAM • SP ȱş řśȱStrela ȬŗŖȱǻȬŗřȱ Gopher Ǽǲȱş řřȱOsa ȱǻȬ YTM Ř Şȱ Gecko ǼǲȱǻȱȬřŖŖȱǻȬŗŘȱ Gladiator ǼȱȱǼ YTRȱŘȱPozharny GUNS ȱŚŝŖ: YY ŗȱ Sokal SP 23mm ȬŘřȬŘǲȱ 30mmȱŝŖȱŘŜ TOWED 57mm ȱΉŚŖŖȱȬŜŖȱ Naval Aviation ε1,000 RADAR • LAND Small Fred ȦSmall Yawn ȦȬŗŖȱ Big EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Russia and Eurasia Fred ȱǻ¢Ǽ AIRCRAFT ŗȱȱ MSL • SSMȱŘŗŘǱȱśŖȱ ǲȱşŖȱ Tochka ǻȬŘŗȱ Scarab ǼǲȱŝŘȱ ASWȱŗȱȬŗŘȱMail Scud -B TPT • Light ȱŘȱȬŘŜȱ Curl AEV ȱśřȱȬŘǲȱȬ HELICOPTERS ARV ȱȬŘǲȱȬŜŚǲȱȬśŚȦȬśś ASWȱřȱȬŗŚȱHaze VLB ȬŘŖȱ TPT • Medium ŗȱ ȬŘşȱHelix -B Navy 7,000 (incl Naval Aviation and Naval Naval Infantry Ή500 Infantry) FORCES BY ROLE ȱȂȱ¡ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱǯȱ MANOEUVRE ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Light ǯ ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Air Forces 45,000 PRINCIPAL SURFACE COMBATANTS ŗ FRIGATES • FFHMȱŗȱ Hetman Sagaidachny ȱǻȱ Krivak ¢ȱ ŚŖȱȦ¢ Ǽȱ ȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko Ǽȱǰȱ FORCES BY ROLE Řȱȱśřřȱȱ ȱȬśřȱ ǰȱŗȱŗŖŖȱǰȱ FIGHTER ǻ¢ȱŗȱ ȬŘŝȱ Helix ȱȱǼ Śȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŝȱ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK CORVETTES • FSMȱ ŗȱ Grisha ȱ ǻ ȦǼȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer; ȬŘś Frogfoot ȱ Osa ȬȱǻȬȬŚȱ Gecko ǼȱǰȱŘȱ ȱśřřȱȱ ISR ȱȬŜŖȱ ǰȱŗȬŘȱȱŜŖŖŖȱ Smerch 2 ǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ Řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E* ȱ TRANSPORT PCFGMȱ Řȱ Tarantul ȱ ǻȱ Molnya Ǽ ȱ Řȱ ȱ ȱ řȱȱ ȱȬŘŚǲȱȬŘŜǲȱȬřŖǲȱ ȬŝŜȱ Candid ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ȱȬŗśȱȬȱǻȬȬŘȱ Styx Ǽȱǲȱŗȱȱȱ TRAINING ǻȱǼȱ ȱş řŘȱ Strela ȬŘȱǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽǲȱŗȱ ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱ Albatros ŝŜȱ TRANSPORT HELICOPTER

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 PHG Řȱ Matka ȱǻȱ Vekhr Ǽȱ ȱŘȱȱȱ ȱȬŗśȱ ȱȱ ȱȬŞǲȱȬşǲȱȱȬŘȱ Hoplite Termit ȬȦȱǻȬȬŘȦȱ Styx ǼȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ AIR DEFENCE PCMT ȱ ŗȱ Pauk ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Molnya Ǽȱ ȱ ŗȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŗȱȦȱ ȱş řŝȱ Buk ȬŗȱǻȬŗŗǼǲȱȬřŖŖȦȦȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ş řŘȱ ȬŘȱ ǻȬȬśȱ Grail Ǽȱ ǻȬŗŖǼ ǰȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŘȱȬŗŘŖŖǰȱŗȱŝŜȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE PB ȱŗȱZhuk ǻȱ Grif Ǽ AIRCRAFT ȱŘŖŘȱȱ MINE WARFARE • MINE COUNTERMEASURES ȱŚ FTR ȱŗŗŜǱȱŞŖȱ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲ řŜȱȬŘŝȱ Flanker MHIȱŗȱYevgenya ȱǻȱ Korund Ǽ FGA ȱřŚȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer MSO ȱŗȱNatya ȱ ȱŘȱȱŗŘŖŖ ATK ŘşȱȬŘśȱ Frogfoot MSC ȱŘȱSonya ȱǻȱ Yakhont Ǽ ISR ŘśǱ ŘȱȬřŖȱ Clank ǲȱŘřȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer E* AMPHIBIOUS TPT ȱŚřǱȱHeavyȱŗŞȱ ȬŝŜȱCandid ǲ Light ŘśǱȱřȱȬŘŚȱ Coke ǲȱ LANDING SHIPS ŘŖȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱŘȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty LSMȱŗȱPolnochny ȱȱǻ¢ȱŜȱǲȱŗŞŖȱǼȱ TRG ȱřŝȱȬřşȱAlbatros 202 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

HELICOPTERS TRANSPORT C2 ȱŚȱȬş řȱ TPT ȱřřǱȱMedium ȱřŖȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱ Light ȱřȱȱȬŘȱ Hoplite TRANSPORT HELICOPTER AD • SAM • SP ȱřŘŘǱȱŘśŖȱȬřŖŖȦȦȱǻȬŗŖȱ Grumble Ǽǲ ŗȱ ŝŘȱş řŝȱBuk ȬŗȱǻȬŗŗȱ Ě¢ Ǽ COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT MSL ŗȱȱ ASMǱȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽǲȱ ȬśşȱǻȬŗřȱ Kingbolt Ǽǲȱ Ȭ ŗȱǻ¡ȱǼȱ ŘşȱǻȬŗŚȱ Kedge Ǽǲ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ARMǱ ȬśŞȱǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽǲȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŘȱ Kegler Ǽǲȱ PATROL AND COASTAL COMBATANTS ȱŘŜ ȬŘŞȱǻȬşȱ Kyle Ǽ PCFT ȱŜȱStenka ȱ ȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱ AAM • IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱ Aphid ǼǲȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱ Archer Ǽȱ PCT ȱřȱPauk ȱ ȱ ȱŚȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŘȱȬŗŘŖŖǰȱ SARH ȱȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱ Alamo Ǽ ŗȱŝŜȱȱ Airborne Forces Ή5,500 PHT ȱŗȱMuravey ȱ ȱŘȱȱŚŖŜȱǰȱŗȱŝŜȱ FORCES BY ROLE: PB ȱŗŘǱȱŗŗȱZhuk; ŗȱ Orlan ǻȱȱȱ MANOEUVRE ȱǼ Air Manoeuvre PBR ȱŚȱShmel ŗȱȱ LOGISTICS AND SUPPORT • AGF ȱŗ řȱȱȱ AIRCRAFT • TPT Medium ȬŞȱ Camp ǲȱ Light ȬŘŚȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE Coke ǲȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ǲȱȬŝŘȱ Coaler AIFV ȱŝśǱȱřŖȱȬŗǲȱŚśȱȬŘ HELICOPTERS • ASWǱȱ ȬŘŝȱHelix ȱ APC ȱŗřŜ APC (T) ȱŘśȱȬ Civil Defence Troops n.k. APC (W) ŗŗŗǱȱŗȱȬŜŖǲȱŗŗŖȱȬŞŖ ǻ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǼȱ ARTY ȱŗŗŞ FORCES BY ROLE TOWED • 122mmȱśŚȱȬřŖ MANOEUVRE GUN/MOR • SP • 120mmȱŚŖȱŘşȱ Anona Other

MOR 120mmȱŘŚȱŘŗŘ Śȱ¢ȱ Śȱ¢ȱ Paramilitary National Guard Ή33,000 DEPLOYMENT ¢ȱȱ ȱěǲȱŜȱȱ Legal provisions for foreign deployment: FORCES BY ROLE Constitution: ȱęȱȱǻŗşşŜǼ MANOEUVRE ęȱǱ ȱȁȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Armoured ȱȱȱȱȂȱǻŗśŗŞȬ ǰȱȱŘŖŖŖǼǯ ȱȱ Decision on deployment of troops abroad: ȱ ȱ Mechanised ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ Light ȱȱȱǻǯȱŞśǰȱȱŘřǼǲȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱŝȱȱȱęȱȱǻǼǰȱȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ MBT ȬŜŚǲȱȬŝŘȱǻǼ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ AIFV ȱȬřǲȱΉśŖȱȬŚ ȱȱǯȱ APC AFGHANISTAN APC (W) ȱȬŝŖǲȱȬŞŖ PPV ȱȱ Cougar ǲȱȱ Spartan NATO Ȋȱ ȱŗŖ

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ARMENIA/AZERBAIJAN Border Guard n.k. OSCE Ȋȱȱȱŗ Maritime Border Guard CÔTE D’IVOIRE ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱŚŖǲȱŗȱȱĚ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ CYPRUS FORCES BY ROLE UN Ȋȱ ȱŘ PATROL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ŚȱǻĴǼȱ UN ȊȱȱŘśŚǲȱŗŖȱǲȱŘȱȱȱǲȱŗȱȱȱ Řȱȱ MINE WARFARE LIBERIA ŗȱȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱŗŝŝǲȱŘȱǲȱŗȱȱȱ Russia and Eurasia 203

MOLDOVA TERRITORY WHERE THE GOVERNMENT ŗŖȱ DOES NOT EXERCISE EFFECTIVE CONTROL SERBIA ȱȱ ȱȱȂȱȱȱ NATO Ȋȱ ȱŘś ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ OSCE Ȋȱ ȱŗ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱ UN Ȋȱ ȱŘȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ SOUTH SUDAN ȱ¢ȱȱǯ UN Ȋȱ ȱŗǲȱřȱ SUDAN FOREIGN FORCES UN Ȋȱ ȱŘǲȱŚȱ Russia ǱȱŘŖǰŖŖŖǲȱŘȱȱȱǲȱŗȱ¢ȱǲȱŞŖȱ ȬŘǲȱŘŖȱȬŞŖǲȱŗśŖȱȬǲȱŗŞȱŘŗȱ¢ǲȱŗŘȱȬŘŗȱ ǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱȬřŖŖǲȱŗȱȱȱ ȱ ȬřŖŖȱ FOREIGN FORCES Bastion ǲȱŗȱȱ ȱȱȱǲȱŘȱȱȱ Albania ȱŘ ȱȱȱǻ Dnepr ȱ¢Ǽȱȱȱ Armenia ȱŘ (Dnepr ȱ¢Ǽ Austria ȱŝ ȦǱȱřŖŖƸȱǻǼ Belarus ȱŗ Russia and Eurasia Belgium ȱř Uzbekistan UZB Bosnia-Herzegovina ȱȱř Bulgaria ȱȱŞ Uzbekistani Som s 2013 2014 2015 Canada ȱȱś GDP s 119tr 142tr Croatia ȱȱŚ US$ 56.8bn 63.1bn Czech Republic ȱş per capita US$ 1,878 2,061 Denmark ȱȱş Growth % 8.0 7.0 Estonia ȱŝ In"ation % 11.2 10.0 Finland ȱȱŘŗ Def exp s ε3.33tr France ȱȱŗŘ US$ ε1.59bn Georgia ȱȱŗ FMA (US) US$ 2.7m 1.2m 0.7m Germany ȱȱŘŗ US$1=s 2,094.66 2,249.76 Greece ȱŗ Population 28,929,716 Hungary ȱȱŗŞ Ethnic groups: Uzbek 73%; Russian 6%; Tajik 5%; Kazakh 4%; Ireland ȱȱŚ Karakalpak 2%; Tatar 2%; Korean <1%; Ukrainian <1% Italy ȱȱŗř Kyrgyzstan ȱŚ Age 0–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–64 65 plus Latvia ȱȱś Male 12.8% 5.0% 5.4% 5.3% 19.3% 2.0% Lithuania ȱȱŘ Female 12.1% 4.8% 5.4% 5.2% 20.0% 2.7% Macedonia (FYROM) ȱŗ Moldova ȱş Capabilities Montenegro ȱȱŗ £Ȃȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Netherlands ȱŜ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Norway ȱȱŝ ȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Poland ȱŗŘ ȱǰȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱ Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 ȱ ȱǱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȬȱ Romania ȱȱŗŚ ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Russia ȱȱŗŜ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ Slovakia ȱŚ ȬŘŖŗŘǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ Slovenia ȱŗ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ Spain ȱȱŞ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Sweden ȱȱş ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ £Ȃȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ĵ ȱȱş ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Tajikistan ȱŗ £ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ Turkey ȱȱŜ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¡Ȭ ȱ United Kingdom ȱȱŗś ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ȭ ȱ ǰȱ United States ȱŘŞ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢Ȃȱȱ 204 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

¢ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ FIGHTER/GROUND ATTACK ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer ǲȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer Ș ¢ȱȱǯ GROUND ATTACK ACTIVE 48,000 (Army 24,500 Air 7,500 Joint 16,000) ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱ Frogfoot ǲȱȬŗŝȱǻȬŗŝǼȱ Ĵȱ ǲȱȬŗŝȬřȱǻȬŗŝǼȱ Ĵȱ Paramilitary 20,000 ELINT/TRANSPORT Conscript liability ŗŘȱ ŗȱȱ ȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ Cub ǲȱȬŘŜȦȬŘŜ ȱ Curl TRANSPORT ORGANISATIONS BY SERVICE ȱȱ ȱȬŘŚ Coke ǲȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty TRAINING Army 24,500 ȱȱ ȱȬřşȱ Albatros ŚȱȱǲȱŘȱȱǲȱŗȱȱ ATTACK/TRANSPORT HELICOPTER FORCES BY ROLE ŗȱȱ ȱȬŘŚȱ Hind ǲȱȬŘŜȱHalo ǲȱȬŞȱHip ǲȱ SPECIAL FORCES ŗȱȱ ȱȬŜȱ Hook ǲȱȬŜȱ Hook C ŗȱȱ EQUIPMENT BY TYPE MANOEUVRE AIRCRAFT ȱŗřśȱȱ Armoured FTR ȱřŖȱ ȬŘşȦ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ŗȱȱ FGA ŝŚǱȱŘŜȱȬŗŝȱǻȬŗŝǼȦȬŗŝȬřȱǻȬŗŝǼȱ Mechanised Ĵȱ Ȧ ǲȱŘřȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer; ŘśȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ Flanker ŗŗȱȱ ATK ŘŖȱȬŘśȦȬŘśȱ Frogfoot Air Manoeuvre EW/Tpt ŘŜȱȬŗŘȱ Cub ȱǻȱǼȦȬŗŘȱ Cub ǻǼ ŗȱȱȱ ELINT ȱŗŗȱȬŘŚȱ Fencer Ș ŗȱȱ ELINT/Tpt ŗřȱȬŘŜȱ Curl ȱǻȱǼȦȬŘŜ ȱ Curl ȱǻ Ǽȱ Mountain TPT • Light ȱŘǱȱŗȱȬŘŚȱ Coke; ŗȱȬŗřŚȱ Crusty ŗȱȱȱȱ TRG ȱśȱȬřşȱAlbatros ȱǻşȱȱȱǼ COMBAT SUPPORT HELICOPTERS řȱ¢ȱ ATK ȱŘşȱȬŘŚȱHind ŗȱȱ C2 ȱŘȱȬŜȱ Hook C EQUIPMENT BY TYPE TPT ȱŝşȱ HeavyȱŘŝǱȱŘŜȱȬŜȱ Hook ǲȱŗȱȬŘŜȱ Halo ǲȱ Medium MBT ȱřŚŖǱȱŝŖȱȬŝŘǲȱŗŖŖȱȬŜŚǲȱŗŝŖȱȬŜŘȱȱ śŘȱȬŞȱHip RECCE ȱŗşǱȱŗřȱȬŘǲȱŜȱ AD • SAMȱŚśȱ AIFV ȱřşşǱ ŗŘŖȱȬŗǲȱşȱȬŘǲȱŘŝŖȱȬŘ TOWED Ȭŝśȱ Dvina ǻȬŘȱ Guideline ǼǲȱȬŗŘśȱ Pechora ȱǻȬřȱ APC ȱřŖşȱ Goa Ǽ APC (T) ȱśŖȱȬȱ STATIC ȱȬŘŖŖȱ Angara ȱǻȬśȱ Gammon Ǽ APC (W) ȱŘśşǱȱŘŚȱȬŜŖǲȱŘśȱȬŝŖǲȱŘŗŖȱȬŞŖȱ MSL ARTY ȱŚŞŝƸȱ ASMȱ ȬŘřȱǻȬŝȱ Kerry Ǽǲȱ ȬŘśȱǻȬŗŖȱ Karen Ǽ SP ȱŞřƸǱ 122mm ȱŗŞȱŘŗǲ 152mm ȱŗŝƸǱȱŗŝȱŘřǲȱŘśȱǻǼǲȱ ARMȱ ȬŘśȱ ǻȬŗŘȱ Kegler Ǽǲȱ ȬŘŞȱ ǻȬşȱ Kyle Ǽǲȱ ȬśŞȱ 203mmȱŚŞȱŘŝȱ TOWEDȱŘŖŖǱȱ122mmȱŜŖȱȬřŖǲȱ152mm ŗŚŖȱŘřŜȱ ǻȬŗŗȱ Kilter Ǽ • GUN/MOR 120mmȱśŚȱŘşȱ Anona AAM IR ȬŜŖȱǻȬŞȱ Aphid ǼǲȱȬŝřȱǻȬŗŗȱ Archer ǼǲȱIR/ MRL ȱ ŗŖŞǱ 122mm ȱ ŜŖǱȱ ŘŚȱ şŗřŞǲȱ řŜȱ ȬŘŗǲȱ 220mmȱ ŚŞȱ SARH ȬŘŝȱǻȬŗŖȱ Alamo Ǽȱ şŗŚŖȱUragan MOR 120mmȱŚŘǱȱśȱŘŗŗǲȱŗşȱŘŗŘǲȱŗŞȱȬŗŘŖȱ Paramilitary up to 20,000 AT • MSL • MANPATS ş ŗŗȱ Malyutka ȱ ǻȬř Sagger Ǽǲȱ Internal Security Troops up to 19,000 ş ŗŗŗȱ Fagot ȱǻȬŚ Spigot Ǽȱ GUNS 100mmȱřŜȱȬŗŘȦȬŗŘȱ ¢ȱȱ National Guard 1,000

Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 Air Force 7,500 ¢ȱȱ FORCES BY ROLE FIGHTER ŗȱȱ ȱ ȬŘşȦ ȬŘşȱ Fulcrum ǲȱȬŘŝȦȬŘŝȱ FOREIGN FORCES Flanker Germany ŗŖŖǲȱȱȬŗŜŖȱ Transall Russia and Eurasia 205

Table 5 Selected Arms Procurements and Deliveries, Russia and Eurasia Designation Type Quantity Contract Prime Prime Order First Notes (Current) Value Nationality Contractor Date Delivery Due Azerbaijan (AZE) T-90S MBT 100 n.k. RUS UKBTM 2013 2013 Deliveries ongoing Sa’ar 62 OPV PSO 6 n.k. ISR Israel Shipyards 2014 n.k. For Coast Guard

Belarus (BLR) S-300PM SAM 16 Free RUS Government 2014 n.k. Donation of four batteries transfer surplus

Kazakhstan (KAZ) BTR-82A AIFV 190 n.k. RUS VPK 2011 2011 Deliveries ongoing C-295M Lt tpt ac 2 n.k. Int’l Airbus Group 2013 2014 Follow-on to original 2012 (Airbus Defence order. Part of an eight ac MoU. & Space) First ac in test

Russia (RUS) Russia and Eurasia Bulava (SS- SLBM n.k. n.k. RUS MITT n.k. 2009 In development. For Borey -class N-X-32) SSBNs T-72B3 MBT n.k. n.k. RUS UKBTM n.k. 2013 Upgrade of existing T-72 &eet. upgrade First delivered to Western Military District in 2013 Armata AFV n.k. n.k. RUS UKBTM 2014 2015 Heavy tracked universal combat platform programme. Serial production scheduled to commence 2016 Kurganets -25 AFV n.k. n.k. RUS KMZ 2014 2015 Medium tracked universal combat platform programme. Serial production scheduled to commence 2016 Bumerang AFV n.k. n.k. RUS VPK 2014 2015 Medium wheeled universal combat platform programme BTR-82A AIFV n.k. n.k. RUS VPK n.k. 2011 Improved BTR-80A series; #rst production models delivered to Southern Military District in 2011 Borey -class SSBN 3 n.k. RUS Sevmash 1996 2012 Second vessel commissioned Shipyard Dec 2013. Third in sea trials. 16 SLBM launch tubes Borey-A -class SSBN 5 n.k. RUS Sevmash 2012 2015 Two vessels laid down so far. Shipyard Pricing dispute continues and will be reviewed in 2015 Yasen -class SSN 5 n.k. RUS Sevmash 1993 2013 First vessel commissioned Dec Shipyard 2013. Delayed for #nancial reasons. Fourth laid down May 2014 Varshavyanka - SSK 6 n.k. RUS Admiralty 2010 2014 First vessel commissioned Aug class (Kilo ) Shipyards 2014. Fifth and sixth laid down Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 late Oct 2014 Lada -class SSK 3 n.k. RUS Admiralty 1997 2010 First vessel accepted in 2010. Shipyards Construction on further two boats suspended in 2011 but resumed in 2012/13 Admiral FFGHM 6 US$400m RUS Severnaya Verf 2005 2014 First vessel in trials as of late Gorshkov -class Shipyard 2014 Steregushchiy- FFGHM 6 n.k. RUS Severnaya 2001 2008 Third vessel delivered to Baltic class Verf Shipyard/ Fleet May 2013; fourth vessel Komosololsk delivered Jun 2014. Two more Shipyard in build for Paci#c Fleet 206 THE MILITARY BALANCE 2015

Table 5 Selected Arms Procurements and Deliveries, Russia and Eurasia Designation Type Quantity Contract Prime Prime Order First Notes (Current) Value Nationality Contractor Date Delivery Due Improved FFGHM 2 n.k. RUS Severnaya Verf 2011 2015 First of class laid down Feb Steregushchiy- Shipyard 2012. Second of class laid down class Jul 2013 Admiral FFGHM 6 n.k. RUS Yantar Shipyard 2010 2014 Six vessels in build for Black Sea Grigorovich - Fleet. First vessel launched Mar class (Krivak IV) 2014. ISD expected Nov 2014 Buyan-M-class FSG 12 n.k. RUS Zelenodolsk 2010 2014 Nine for Caspian Flotilla and Shipyard three for Black Sea Fleet. First vessels commissioned Jul 2014 Vladivostok - LHD 2 US$1.2bn FRA DCNS/STX 2011 n.k. Contract suspended by France class (Mistral ) Sep 2014 citing Russian actions in Ukraine Tu-160 Bbr ac 15 n.k. RUS UAC 2007 2012 Upgrade of Blackjack &eet, Blackjack upgrade programme lagging behind original schedule MiG-29K Ftr ac 24 n.k. RUS UAC (MiG) 2012 2013 20 MiG-29K and four MiG- Fulcrum D 29KUB. For navy. Deliveries ongoing MiG-29SMT FGA ac 16 R17bn RUS UAC (MiG) 2014 2015 Eight to be delivered in 2015 Fulcrum (US$470m) and remainder in 2016 Su-30M2 FGA ac 16 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2014 Deliveries ongoing Su-30SM FGA ac 72 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2012 Twelve for navy and 60 for air force. Deliveries under way Su-34 Fullback FGA ac 60 n.k. RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2012 2014 Deliveries ongoing Su-35S Flanker FGA ac 48 See notes RUS UAC (Sukhoi) 2009 2012 Part of combined order for 48 Su-35S, 12 Su-27SM3 and four Su-30 worth US$2.5bn. Deliveries ongoing Il-76MD-90A Hvy tpt 39 US$4bn RUS Aviastar-SP 2012 2014 First ac rolled out Jun 2014; ac delivery due by end of 2014 Ka-52 Hokum B Atk hel 140 US$4bn RUS Russian 2011 2011 Deliveries ongoing Helicopters (Kamov) Mi-28N Havoc Atk hel 30 n.k. RUS Russian 2010 2013 Follow-up to 2005 order for 67. Helicopters Deliveries ongoing (Rostvertol) Mi-8AMTSh Hip Med tpt 172 n.k. Rus Russian 2010 2010 Deliveries began in late 2010 hel Helicopters and are ongoing (Ulan-Ude) Mi-8MTV-5 Hip Med tpt 140 n.k. RUS Russian 2011 2014 First batch delivered Oct 2014 hel Helicopters (Kazan) Tor -M2 (SA-15 SAM n.k. n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. n.k. Deliveries ongoing Gauntlet ) Buk-M2 (SA-17 SAM n.k. n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. n.k. One bde set delivered. May be Grizzly) succeeded by Buk-M3 S-400 Triumf SAM 18 n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey n.k. 2007 Seventh regt deployed 2014 Downloaded byDownloaded [RFE/RL Prague Library], Martina [Mr Boudova] at 01:21 11 February 2015 (SA-21 Growler ) S-300V4 (SA-23 SAM 12 n.k. RUS Almaz-Antey 2012 n.k. Three battalion sets Gladiator /Giant) 96K6 Pantsir -S1 AD n.k. n.k. RUS KBP Instrument n.k. 2010 Delivery in progress to S-400 Design Bureau regiments 9K720 Iskander SRBM/ n.k. n.k. RUS KBM 2005 2006 Ballistic and cruise missile LACM variants. In service with four brigades by late 2014

Ukraine (UKR) BTR-4 APC (W) 194 n.k. UKR KMDB 2014 2014 Being delivered to national- guard units