Worldwide Equipment Guide Volume 2: Air and Air Defense Systems
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Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. -
NUCLEAR WEAPONS EFFECTS Introduction: the Energy Characteristics and Output from Nuclear Weapons Differ Significantly from Conve
NUCLEAR WEAPONS EFFECTS Introduction: The energy characteristics and output from nuclear weapons differ significantly from conventional weapons. Nuclear detonations exhibit much higher temperature within the fireball and produce peak temperatures of several hundred million degrees and intense x-ray heating that results in air pressure pulses of several million atmospheres. Conventional chemical explosions result in much lower temperatures and release the bulk of their energy as air blast and shock waves. In an atmospheric detonation, such as was deployed in Japan, it is the blast and thermal component of the nuclear explosion that is the major factor in destruction and death, not nuclear radiation, as the public believes. The effective range of immediate harm to humans from nuclear radiation from the atmospheric explosion is much less than the effective range from blast and thermal heating. In order to limit the discussion of weapons effects to elementary terms, this discussion is based upon a single worst-case scenario. Probably the largest weapon that might be employed against a population would have a yield of less than one-megaton (or 1 million tons of TNT equivalent energy or simply 1 MT). However, a crude terrorist nuclear device would probably be in the range of a few thousand tons of TNT equivalent energy or a few KT). The discussion here is based upon a nuclear detonation of 1 MT. Yield: The destructive power of a nuclear weapon, when compared to the same amount of energy produced by TNT is defined as the ‘yield’ of the nuclear weapon. A 20-kiloton (KT) weapon, such as was detonated over Japan in World War II was equivalent in energy yield to 20,000 tons of TNT. -
Combat Helmets and Blast Traumatic Brain Injury
Review Articles Combat Helmets and Blast Traumatic Brain Injury Duncan Wallace, FRANZCP and Stephen Rayner, DPsych (Clinical) Abstract: Background: The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and the prominence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), mostly from improvised explosive devices, have focused attention on the effectiveness of combat helmets. Purpose: This paper examines the importance of TBI, the role and history of the development of combat helmets, current helmet designs and effectiveness, helmet design methodology, helmet sensors, future research and recommendations. Method: A literature review was conducted using search terms – combat helmets, traumatic brain injury, concussion, Iraq, Afghanistan and helmet sensors, searching PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Google Scholar. Conclusions: At present, no existing helmet is able to fully protect against all threats faced on the battlefield. The prominence of traumatic brain injury from improvised explosive devices in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan has highlighted the limitations in knowledge about blast and how to provide protection from it. As a result, considerable research is currently occurring in how to protect the head from blast over-pressure. Helmet sensors may provide valuable data. Some new combat helmets may be able to protect against rifle rounds, but may result in injuries occurring behind body armour. Optimal combat helmet design requires a balance between the need for protection from trauma and the comfort and practicality of the helmet for the user to ensure the best outcomes. Keywords: combat helmets, traumatic brain injury, concussion, Iraq, Afghanistan. No conflicts of interest were identified by the authors. Introduction Role and history of combat helmets Recent adverse media attention about combat The primary role of the combat helmet is to protect helmets used in Afghanistan by United States the soldier’s head against injury. -
ICCD Thesaurus Per La Definizione Dei Reperti Archeologici Agg2020-21
MINISTERO DELLA CULTURA ISTITUTO CENTRALE PER IL CATALOGO E LA DOCUMENTAZIONE Strumenti terminologici Thesaurus per la definizione dei reperti archeologici mobili (applicazione nella scheda RA - Reperti archeologici, versione 3.00) aggiornamento 2020 - 21 Coordinamento: Maria Letizia Mancinelli (ICCD - Servizio per la qualità degli standard catalografici) Collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (ricerche e stesura del vocabolario, aggiornamenti, 2009 - 2014): Maria Teresa Natale Collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (aggiornamento 2020-21): Eugenia Imperatori Premessa L’esposizione dei contenuti del thesaurus è organizzata sulla base della seguente tabella: LIVELLI GERARCHICI PREVISTI NEL THESAURUS SONO UTILIZZATI PER VALORIZZARE CAMPI DIVERSI DEL TRACCIATO DELLA SCHEDA RA 3.00, paragrafo OG-OGGETTO (vedere di seguito le istruzioni specifiche) LIVELLI DA UTILIZZARE PER LA COMPILAZIONE DEL CAMPO LIVELLI DA UTILIZZARE PER LA COMPILAZIONE DEL SOTTOCAMPO CLS Categoria - Classe e produzione OGTD - Definizione ATTRIBUTI DEL TERMINE INSERITO IN UNO DEI LIVELLI 1-5 Per la compilazione del campo CLS vanno selezionate le definizioni gerarchicamente relazionate al termine e alle sue eventuali specifiche scelti dai successivi livelli 4 e 5 del thesaurus (si rinvia in proposito alle istruzioni per l’utilizzo del vocabolario aperto per il campo CLS della scheda RA, pubblicate sul sito ICCD) LIVELLO 1 LIVELLO 2 LIVELLO 3 LIVELLO 4 LIVELLO 5 CATEGORIA CATEGORIA CATEGORIA TERMINE IMMAGINE TERMINE TERMINE PIU’ SPECIFICO NOTA D’AMBITO I LIVELLO II LIVELLO III LIVELLO -
ISSUE 5 AADH05 OFC+Spine.Indd 1 the Mortar Company
ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE ARTILLERY ISSUE 5 HANDBOOK HANDBOOK – ISSUE 5 PUBLISHED MARCH 2018 THE CONCISE GLOBAL INDUSTRY GUIDE ARTILLERY AND AIR DEFENCE AADH05_OFC+spine.indd 1 3/16/2018 10:18:59 AM The Mortar Company. CONFRAG® CONTROLS – THE NEW HIGH EXPLOSIVE STANDARD HDS has developed CONFRAG® technology to increase the lethal performance of the stan- dard High Explosive granade for 60 mm CDO, 60 mm, 81 mm and 120 mm dramatically. The HE lethality is increased by controlling fragmentation mass and quantity, fragment velocity and fragment distribution, all controlled by CONFRAG® technology. hds.hirtenberger.com AADH05_IFC_Hirtenberger.indd 2 3/16/2018 9:58:03 AM CONTENTS Editor 3 Introduction Tony Skinner. [email protected] Grant Turnbull, Editor of Land Warfare International magazine, welcomes readers to Reference Editors Issue 5 of Shephard Media’s Artillery and Air Defence Handbook. Ben Brook. [email protected] 4 Self-propelled howitzers Karima Thibou. [email protected] A guide to self-propelled artillery systems that are under development, in production or being substantially modernised. Commercial Manager Peter Rawlins [email protected] 29 Towed howitzers Details of towed artillery systems that are under development, in production or Production and Circulation Manager David Hurst. being substantially modernised. [email protected] 42 Self-propelled mortars Production Elaine Effard, Georgina Kerridge Specifications for self-propelled mortar systems that are under development, in Georgina Smith, Adam Wakeling. production or being substantially modernised. Chairman Nick Prest 53 Towed mortars Descriptions of towed heavy mortar systems that are under development, in CEO Darren Lake production or being substantially modernised. -
Hezbollah's Missiles and Rockets
JULY 2017 CSIS BRIEFS CSIS Hezbollah’s Missiles and Rockets An Overview By Shaan Shaikh and Ian Williams JULY 2018 THE ISSUE Hezbollah is the world’s most heavily armed non-state actor, with a large and diverse stockpile of unguided artillery rockets, as well as ballistic, antiair, antitank, and antiship missiles. Hezbollah views its rocket and missile arsenal as its primary deterrent against Israeli military action, while also useful for quick retaliatory strikes and longer military engagements. Hezbollah’s unguided rocket arsenal has increased significantly since the 2006 Lebanon War, and the party’s increased role in the Syrian conflict raises concerns about its acquisition of more sophisticated standoff and precision-guided missiles, whether from Syria, Iran, or Russia. This brief provides a summary of the acquisition history, capabilities, and use of these forces. CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & middle east INTERNATIONAL STUDIES program CSIS BRIEFS | WWW.CSIS.ORG | 1 ezbollah is a Lebanese political party public source information and does not cover certain topics and militant group with close ties to such as rocket strategies, evolution, or storage locations. Iran and Syria’s Assad regime. It is the This brief instead focuses on the acquisition history, world’s most heavily armed non-state capabilities, and use of these forces. actor—aptly described as “a militia trained like an army and equipped LAND ATTACK MISSILES AND ROCKETS like a state.”1 This is especially true Hwith regard to its missile and rocket forces, which Hezbollah 107 AND 122 MM KATYUSHA ROCKETS has arrayed against Israel in vast quantities. The party’s arsenal is comprised primarily of small, man- portable, unguided artillery rockets. -
NSIAD-98-176 China B-279891
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Joint Economic GAO Committee, U.S. Senate June 1998 CHINA Military Imports From the United States and the European Union Since the 1989 Embargoes GAO/NSIAD-98-176 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-279891 June 16, 1998 The Honorable James Saxton Chairman, Joint Economic Committee United States Senate Dear Mr. Chairman: In June 1989, the United States and the members of the European Union 1 embargoed the sale of military items to China to protest China’s massacre of demonstrators in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. You have expressed concern regarding continued Chinese access to foreign technology over the past decade, despite these embargoes. As requested, we identified (1) the terms of the EU embargo and the extent of EU military sales to China since 1989, (2) the terms of the U.S. embargo and the extent of U.S. military sales to China since 1989, and (3) the potential role that such EU and U.S. sales could play in addressing China’s defense needs. In conducting this review, we focused on military items—items that would be included on the U.S. Munitions List. This list includes both lethal items (such as missiles) and nonlethal items (such as military radars) that cannot be exported without a license.2 Because the data in this report was developed from unclassified sources, its completeness and accuracy may be subject to some uncertainty. The context for China’s foreign military imports during the 1990s lies in Background China’s recent military modernization efforts.3 Until the mid-1980s, China’s military doctrine focused on defeating technologically superior invading forces by trading territory for time and employing China’s vast reserves of manpower. -
The Effects of Nuclear War
The Effects of Nuclear War May 1979 NTIS order #PB-296946 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-600080 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D C, 20402 — Foreword This assessment was made in response to a request from the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations to examine the effects of nuclear war on the populations and economies of the United States and the Soviet Union. It is intended, in the terms of the Committee’s request, to “put what have been abstract measures of strategic power into more comprehensible terms. ” The study examines the full range of effects that nuclear war would have on civilians: direct effects from blast and radiation; and indirect effects from economic, social, and politicai disruption. Particular attention is devoted to the ways in which the impact of a nuclear war would extend over time. Two of the study’s principal findings are that conditions would con- tinue to get worse for some time after a nuclear war ended, and that the ef- fects of nuclear war that cannot be calculated in advance are at least as im- portant as those which analysts attempt to quantify. This report provides essential background for a range of issues relating to strategic weapons and foreign policy. It translates what is generally known about the effects of nuclear weapons into the best available estimates about the impact on society if such weapons were used. It calls attention to the very wide range of impacts that nuclear weapons would have on a complex industrial society, and to the extent of uncertainty regarding these impacts. -
China-Pakistan Aerospace Nexus
CENTRE FOR LAND WARFARE STUDIES ISSUE BRIEF No. 208 January 2020 Air Marshal Anil Chopra, PVSM, AVSM, VM, VSM China-Pakistan (Retd), was a fighter pilot, test pilot, and a pioneer of Mirage-2000 fleet, and has commanded a Mirage 2000 Squadron and IAF’s Flight Test Centre, Aircraft and Aerospace Nexus Systems Testing Establishment (ASTE). He was the Team Leader of the MiG 21 Bison Upgrade project in Russia (1996-2000). He has commanded operational airbases in both the Western and Eastern sectors. He was the Head of the Indian Air Force (IAF) in Jammu and Kashmir (2006-07) and Head of Operational Inspections of the IAF (2008-2010). He retired as the Head of Human Resource (HR) as Air Officer Personnel in December 2012. He has been a member of the Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT), Lucknow Bench (2013-17) and the Executive Council of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) (2013-15). He The JF-17 Thunder is a third-generation plus fighter has also been the Advisor on a Committee of the National Green Tribunal (2019). aircraft jointly developed by Pakistan and China. It can be considered a show-case of Sino-Pak defence Key Points cooperation. Pakistan continues to be China’s • China is Pakistan’s ‘time-tested all-weather friend’ and strongest ally. Their relationship became very has for long helped Pakistan build its military-industrial close after the Sino-Indian war of 1962. Pakistan complex. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Pakistan, followed by ceded to China, 5,180 square kilometre of land Bangladesh and Myanmar, are the biggest purchasers of Chinese weapons. -
Jacques Tiziou Space Collection
Jacques Tiziou Space Collection Isaac Middleton and Melissa A. N. Keiser 2019 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 [email protected] https://airandspace.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 1 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 2 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series : Files, (bulk 1960-2011)............................................................................... 4 Series : Photography, (bulk 1960-2011)................................................................. 25 Jacques Tiziou Space Collection NASM.2018.0078 Collection Overview Repository: National Air and Space Museum Archives Title: Jacques Tiziou Space Collection Identifier: NASM.2018.0078 Date: (bulk 1960s through -
Ballistic Helmets – Their Design, Materials, and Performance Against Traumatic Brain Injury
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Army Research U.S. Department of Defense 2013 Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury S.G. Kulkarni Texas A&M University, [email protected] X.-L. Gao University of Texas at Dallas, [email protected] S.E. Horner U.S. Army, Fort Belvoir J.Q. Zheng U.S. Army, Fort Belvoir N.V. David Universiti Teknologi MARA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch Kulkarni, S.G.; Gao, X.-L.; Horner, S.E.; Zheng, J.Q.; and David, N.V., "Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury" (2013). US Army Research. 201. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch/201 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Army Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Composite Structures 101 (2013) 313–331 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Composite Structures journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/compstruct Review Ballistic helmets – Their design, materials, and performance against traumatic brain injury ⇑ S.G. Kulkarni a, X.-L. Gao b, , S.E. Horner c, J.Q. Zheng c, N.V. David d a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States b Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, United States c Program Executive Office – SOLDIER, U.S. -
Russia: Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security
PRIMAKOV NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (IMEMO) RUSSIA: ARMS CONTROL, DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IMEMO SUPPLEMENT TO THE RUSSIAN EDITION OF THE SIPRI YEARBOOK 2017 Preface by Alexander Dynkin Editors Alexey Arbatov and Sergey Oznobishchev Assistant Editor Tatiana Anichkina Moscow IMEMO 2018 УДК 327 ББК 64.4(0) Rus95 Rus95 Russia: arms control, disarmament and international security. IMEMO supplement to the Russian edition of the SIPRI Yearbook 2017 / Ed. by Alexey Arbatov and Sergey Oznobishchev. – Moscow, IMEMO, 2018. – 201 p. ISBN 978-5-9535-0535-2 DOI: 10.20542/978-5-9535-0535-2 The volume provides IMEMO contributions to the Russian edition of the 2017 SIPRI Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. The contributors address the erosion of strategic stability regime, issues of multilateral nuclear deterrence, 2018 US Nuclear Posture Review, DPRK’s nuclear and missile potential, problems with verification of the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty. This year’s edition also covers crisis of European security, evolution of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, strategic relations between China, India, and Pakistan, Middle East conflicts and prospects of a Syrian settlement, and adjustment of the Russian State Armament programme. To view IMEMO publications, please visit our website at https://www.imemo.ru ISBN 978-5-9535-0535-2 ИМЭМО РАН, 2018 CONTENTS PREFACE..............................................................................................