DOCSLIB.ORG

1941: Operation “Barbarossa” German Minister of Propaganda Joseph

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1941: Operation “Barbarossa” German Minister of Propaganda Joseph 1941: Operation “Barbarossa” German Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels makes a radio announcement about the war with the USSR (June 22, 1941): People in Moscow are listening to the war announcement, stunned (June 22, 1941): The largest invasion in human history begins. 4 million men supported by 600,000 vehicles and 750,000 horses attacked 3,000 kilometer-long front line. Photo: German soldiers crossing the USSR border (June 22, 1941): The German attack was a complete surprise, and initial Soviet losses were catastrophic. After the first 9 days of war the Luftwaffe destroyed 1,400 Soviet airplanes in the air and 3,200 on the ground (40% of the entire USSR air force), while losing only 330 aircraft. Photo: Russian I-16 fighters destroyed at the airport near Minsk, Belarus (June, 1941): By mid-August, the Soviets had lost 3,300 tanks, while the Germans lost 220, an astonishing 15:1 ratio. Photo: Russian BT-2 tank and its dead crew (July, 1941): But the most devastating were human losses. By December of 1941, the USSR had lost 2.7 million soldiers killed and 3.3 million captured – its entire pre-war army. For every German soldier lost, the Soviets lost 20. Photo: Soviet soldiers surrendering (Belarus, July 1941): The German tanks were unstoppable. During the first 7 days of the invasion they penetrated 300 km into the Soviet territory - 1/3 distance to Moscow: "Blitzkrieg" was going well. German soldiers were having fun. Photo: a German soldier posing on a Stalin's head: But eventually the Soviets recovered from the shock, their resistance stiffened and German losses started piling up. If by August, 1941 the German army had lost only 46,000 men, by December 25% of the German forces were dead or wounded. A unique photo: A German soldier was photographed exactly at the moment when he was killed: A similar famous Russian photo “Death of a Soldier”: Battle of Moscow By November of 1941, Russia was in dire straits. Hitler declared that the war had been won, and cited the evidence: 2 million Soviet prisoners, 22,000 artillery pieces seized or smashed, 18,000 tanks destroyed, 14,500 aircraft shot down. The German army was just 10 miles away from Moscow, and the Soviets had only 90,000 men and 150 tanks left to defend it. The world regarded Moscow surrender as inevitable. To cheer people up, Stalin gave a military parade. Photo: These troops went into the battle straight from the Red Square (Moscow, November 7, 1941): Desperate times required desperate measures. The Russians trained dogs to run under the German tanks in suicide attacks. Photo: dogs, wrapped in explosives, are walking into the battle (Moscow, 1941): In December of 1941, the temperature fell to -35 C (-30 Fahrenheit), unusually low even for Russia. The German army was unprepared, and 130,000 cases of frostbite weakened its front line troops: Thanks to Japan's decision not to attack the USSR, fresh divisions from Siberia – 1 million soldiers and 1,000 tanks - were moved to Moscow, and the Russians counter-attacked: Fresh, well-equipped troops pushed the exhausted Germans back by 100-200 km. This was the first major defeat suffered by the German army in WW2, and the bloodiest battle to date: 1 million soldiers lost their lives in the Battle of Moscow. Photo: German soldiers surrendering (Moscow, January 1942): Siege of Leningrad At the same time, German Army “North” attacked Leningrad, the second-largest USSR city of 3.3 million people. By September 19, 1941 the Germans were just 12 miles away, and their artillery began a continuous barrage of the city. Photo: an artillery shell explodes on a street of Leningrad (September, 1941): Leningrad was heavily defended, and Hitler made a decision to besiege it and starve to death. The city was encircled and the blockade started on September 25, 1941. At the time, Leningrad had sufficient food for 20 days; by December – despite reducing rations to the minimum - for 2 days. Photo: a daily ration in Leningrad during the siege - 125 grams of bread per person. 50% of it was made from saw dust: As a result, 600,000 - 1,000,000 civilians starved to death. People ate all dogs, cats, birds and rats in the city. 600 people were punished for cannibalism. Photo: frozen corpses of starved people on the streets of Leningrad (winter of 1942): The hunger was especially tough on 400,000 children who got stuck in the blockade. Photo: a child collapsed and died on the stairs of her home (Leningrad, 1942): Many kids lost their parents to hunger or bombing. To save them from starvation, many Russian military units adopted the orphans. Photo: little orphan girl Lucy, adopted by the Baltic Fleet sailors (Leningrad, May 1943): The only way to bring some food into the city was during the winter when the nearby lake Ladoga froze. The ice road was called "The Road of Life". It was very dangerous – during just the first week of operation, 40 trucks sunk. Photo: trucks delivering food to Leningrad through the Road of Life. Notice how all driver doors are open so that the drivers could jump out if their trucks suddenly fall through the ice: The Siege of Leningrad lasted 900 days, and cost 2 million lives. Finally, on January 27, 1944 the blockade was broken. Photo: very emotional meeting of Leningrad defenders and break-through troops (Leningrad, January 27, 1944): Partisans When the Germans first came, many people who suffered from communism - especially in the Western Ukraine and Baltic countries - welcomed them. Photo: Ukrainian women greeting German troops (Ukraine, 1941): At the beginning of the occupation, many German soldiers played nice. Photo: a German officer gives chocolate to a Ukrainian child: The sentiment changed after the German Army was replaced by Einsatzgruppen – SS troops tasked with the implementation of Hitler’s occupation policies. SS started by exterminating the Jews. A famous photo made by an SS officer in the town of Vinnytsa, Ukraine: “The Last Jew of Vinnytsia” (August 25, 1942): Nazi viewed Slavic people as sub-humans who should either become slaves or be exterminated, and treated them respectively. Photo: 18-year old Russian girl tortured and hanged, her left breast cut off (Russia, 1941): 5 million young people were seized and moved to Germany to work as slaves at the farms and factories. Half of them died. Photo: Soviet youth on the train to Germany (Ukraine, 1942): During the occupation, SS troops often made public executions. Photo: the first public execution on the occupied territories. The Germans hanged 2 teenagers for helping captured Soviet soldiers (Belarus, November 26, 1941): The executions were supposed to intimidate the local population, but had the opposite effect: many people joined the armed resistance – “partisans”, which eventually became the largest guerrilla movement in history. Although the exact numbers are not known, estimated 250,000 - 600,000 partisans fought on the occupied Soviet territories. Photo: a Belorussian partisan family (Belarus, 1942): Partisans became a pain in the Germans' back. In August of 1943, to disrupt German supplies for the Battle of Kursk, 100,000 partisans made a coordinated attack on the German railroads, known as a “Rails War”. Photo: partisans dismantling German railways during the operation “Rails War” (August 1943): The operation was effective: partisans blew up 230,000 rails and 1,000 trains, reducing German supply capacity by 40%. Photo: a German train derailed by the partisans (August, 1943): 1942: Operation “Case Blue” In 1942, Stalin expected the Germans to continue their attack on Moscow, and concentrated 50% of the Soviet forces in the center. This was a mistake - Hitler shifted his focus to the oil-rich South. German operation “Case Blue” started on June 3, 1942 and initially was a smashing success. In a few days, German tanks crushed Soviet defenses and moved through virtually undefended grass plains. Photo: German tank column moves through Kuban steppe (summer, 1942): The Russians desperately tried to slow them down. One of the most famous WW2 photos: “Combat” (“Commander of Battalion”). A young Russian officer rallying soldiers for a counter- attack. A few seconds after the photo was taken he was killed (July 12, 1942): By August, the Soviet troops were overwhelmed. Desertions and panicked retreats threatened a disintegration of the Russian defenses. On July 28 Stalin issued the notorious Order 227, demanding that commanders create “blocking detachments” to prevent any unauthorized withdrawals from the battles. The order had such a negative effect on the soldiers' morale that many commanders disobeyed it, and 3 months later it was dropped. Photo: NKVD officers setting up a gun machine behind the defensive line (August, 1942): Stalingrad On July 17, 1942 the German troops reached Stalingrad, a town of 400,000 people on the Volga River, and the bloodiest battle in human history had begun. Photo: this is how Stalingrad looked a few days before the battle (July, 1942): And this is how it looked when it was over, 6 months later (February, 1943): One of the most iconic photos of Stalingrad – “Barmaley Fountain”. The sculpture of the kids dancing around a crocodile is a scene from a Russian fairy tale. “Barmaley Fountain” became a symbol of Stalingrad and was featured in many movies, such as “Enemy at the Gates”: Hundreds of thousands soldiers clashed in the ruins for several months. The fights were fierce: an average life expectancy of a soldier in Stalingrad was 1 day. During the defense of Stalingrad, 1 Russian soldier died every 25 seconds. Photo: aftermath of an attack (Stalingrad, December 1942): On November 19, 1942 the Russians launched an unexpected counter-offensive - Operation “Uranium”, and in 4 days surrounded the city, blocking 265,000 German soldiers inside.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Siege of Leningrad Revisited: Narrative, Image, Self
    SIEGE OF LENINGRAD REVISITED: NARRATIVE, IMAGE, SELF Introduction Polina Barskova The siege of Leningrad, the longest-lasting military blockade in modern history, has never suffered from a dearth of written documentation. As early as September 1941, this tragedy drew the attention of journalists, historians, and poets, both in the USSR and the west. During the war, the most immediate purpose of this coverage was that of propaganda, to en­ courage Leningraders to persevere despite the loss of at least one million lives. After the siege ended in 1944, its narration acquired a somewhat peculiar character: often sensational and only partially informed in the west and euphemistically "neutralized" in the Soviet Union.1 Study of this topic was severely hampered as a consequence of "The Leningrad Affair" (1949-53); after a wave of severe purges, museums and archives dedi­ cated to collecting siege materials were shut down, thus disrupting any attempt at responsible scholarship. For the next four decades, until the time of perestroika, the siege engendered a mighty flow of descriptions. (A full bibliography of Soviet siege texts could easily number in the thousands.) Unfortunately, these accounts typically rehearsed variations on the themes of heroism and sto­ icism, with Blokadnaia kniga, in which the writers Daniil Granin and Ales' Adamovich used victims' and survivors' diary accounts to present a more objective interpretation of conditions during the siege, constituting the major and valuable exception.2 In this book, attention is focused not on the allegorical virtues of the "front-city" but rather on the price Lenin­ graders were forced to pay for their city's endurance.
    [Show full text]
  • Aleutian World War II National Historic Area 2012 Calendar
    AleutiAnAleutiAn World World WAr WAr ii ii nAtionAlnAtionAl Historic Historic AreA AreA 2012 calendar uring World War II the remote Aleutian Islands, home to the Unanga^x Alaska Affiliated Areas � (Aleut people) for over 8,000 years, became one of the fiercely contested 240 West 5th Ave � battlegrounds of the Pacific. This thousand- mile- long archipelago saw the first Anchorage, Alaska 99501 � invasion of American soil since the War of 1812, a mass internment of American (907) 644-3503 civilians, a 15- month air war, and one of the deadliest battles in the Pacific Theatre. Ounalashka Corporation This Page: “High above, over a true D P.O. Box 149 � ‘home of the brave,’ the floating folds of In 1996 Congress designated the Aleutian World War II National Historic Unalaska, Alaska 99685 � the Star Spangled Banner symbolize the American way of life to soldiers in training Area to interpret, educate, and inspire present and future generations about for the battles that will bring freedom to the history of the Unangan and the Aleutian Islands in the defense of the Visitor Information (907) 581-1276 an unhappy, wartorn world, Fort Knox, United States in World War II. In a unique arrangement, the Aleutian World Visitor Center (907) 581-9944 Kentucky.” June 1942. Library of Congress, War II National Historic Area and visitor center are owned and managed by LC-USW36-4. the Ounalashka Corporation (the village corporation for Unalaska) and the National Park Service provides them with technical assistance. Through this Front Cover: “Crash Landing” (P-38, Adak Below: Commander Innis entering Aerology cooperative partnership, the Unangax are the keepers of their history and Island) by Ogden Pleissner.
    [Show full text]
  • The Axis Advances
    wh07_te_ch17_s02_MOD_s.fm Page 568 Monday, March 12, 2007 2:32WH07MOD_se_CH17_s02_s.fm PM Page 568 Monday, January 29, 2007 6:01 PM Step-by-Step German fighter plane SECTION Instruction 2 WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO Objectives Janina’s War Story As you teach this section, keep students “ It was 10:30 in the morning and I was helping my focused on the following objectives to help mother and a servant girl with bags and baskets as them answer the Section Focus Question they set out for the market. Suddenly the high- and master core content. pitch scream of diving planes caused everyone to 2 freeze. Countless explosions shook our house ■ Describe how the Axis powers came to followed by the rat-tat-tat of strafing machine control much of Europe, but failed to guns. We could only stare at each other in horror. conquer Britain. Later reports would confirm that several German Janina Sulkowska in ■ Summarize Germany’s invasion of the the early 1930s Stukas had screamed out of a blue sky and . Soviet Union. dropped several bombs along the main street— and then returned to strafe the market. The carnage ■ Understand the horror of the genocide was terrible. the Nazis committed. —Janina Sulkowska,” Krzemieniec, Poland, ■ Describe the role of the United States September 12, 1939 before and after joining World War II. Focus Question Which regions were attacked and occupied by the Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation? Prepare to Read The Axis Advances Build Background Knowledge L3 Objectives Diplomacy and compromise had not satisfied the Axis powers’ Remind students that the German attack • Describe how the Axis powers came to control hunger for empire.
    [Show full text]
  • The Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944)
    War fronts The siege of Leningrad (1941-1944) François-Xavier NÉRARD ABSTRACT Lasting 900 days between September 1941 and January 1944, the siege of Leningrad claimed the lives of 800,000 of the city’s inhabitants, mainly through cold and hunger. The population of the city was subjected, moreover, to enemy fire and to ruthlessly strict control by the Soviet authorities. The memory of the suffering of Leningrad’s population was first celebrated, then stifled, and is only gradually re-emerging. Tanya Savicheva's Diary The siege of Leningrad by German and Finnish forces (as well as the soldiers of the Division Azul, Spanish volunteers) is a key episode in the Second World War on Soviet territory and saw the reappearance of a form of warfare that was thought to have died out in the nineteenth century. Although less present in narratives of the war in the West, the siege was a major traumatic event for the USSR and Russia. As a symbol of resistance and suffering, it differs from Stalingrad, a heroic victory that could be celebrated more easily. Of Leningrad’s 2.5 million inhabitants on the eve of the conflict, only 600,000 were still alive in the city when it was liberated by the Red Army on 27 January 1944, around one million having been evacuated before and during the siege. It is estimated today that 800,000 people died in the siege, mostly from cold and hunger. Leningrad, along with Moscow and Kiev, was one of the major objectives of the German offensive launched on 21 June 1941, but the city was not taken during the attack.
    [Show full text]
  • A War of Reputation and Pride
    A War of reputation and pride - An examination of the memoirs of German generals after the Second World War. HIS 4090 Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History University of Oslo Spring 2019 1 “For the great enemy of truth is very often not the lie -- deliberate, contrived and dishonest -- but the myth -- persistent, persuasive, and unrealistic.” – John F. Kennedy, 19621 1John F. Kennedy, Yale University Commencement Address, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkyalecommencement.htm, [01.05.2019]. 2 Acknowledgments This master would not have been written without the help and support of my mother, father, friends and my better half, thank you all for your support. I would like to thank the University Library of Oslo and the British Library in London for providing me with abundant books and articles. I also want to give huge thanks to the Military Archive in Freiburg and their employees, who helped me find the relevant materials for this master. Finally, I would like to thank my supervisor at the University of Oslo, Professor Kim Christian Priemel, who has guided me through the entire writing process from Autumn 2017. Peter Jørgen Sager Fosse, Oslo, 01.05.2019 3 Contents: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...………... 7 Chapter 1, Theory and background………………………………………………..………17 1.1 German Military Tactics…………………………………………………..………. 17 1.1.1 Blitzkrieg, Kesselschlacht and Schwerpunkt…………………………………..……. 17 1.1.2 Examples from early campaigns……………………………………………..……… 20 1.2 The German attack on the USSR (1941)……………………………..…………… 24 1.2.1 ‘Vernichtungskrieg’, war of annihilation………………………………...………….. 24 1.2.2 Operation Barbarossa………………………………………………..……………… 28 1.2.3 Operation Typhoon…………………………………………………..………………. 35 1.2.4 The strategic situation, December 1941…………………………….……………….
    [Show full text]
  • History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century
    NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OF UKRAINE FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES AND PEDAGOGY Department of History and Political Sciences N. KRAVCHENKO History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the beginning of the ХХІ century Textbook for students of English-speaking groups Kyiv 2017 UDК 93/94 (477) BBК: 63.3 (4 Укр) К 77 Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine (Protocol № 3, on October 25, 2017). Reviewers: Kostylyeva Svitlana Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»; Vyhovskyi Mykola Yuriiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Faculty of Historical Education of the National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Вilan Serhii Oleksiiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History and Political Sciences of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Аristova Natalia Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English Philology of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Author: PhD, Associate Professor Nataliia Borysivna Kravchenko К 77 Kravchenko N. B. History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ - the beginning of the ХХІ century. Textbook for students of English-speaking groups. / Kravchenko N. B. – Куiv: Еditing and Publishing Division NUBiP of Ukraine, 2017. – 412 р. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 The textbook-reference covers the historical development of Ukraine Statehood in the ХХ- at the beginning of the ХХІ century. The composition contains materials for lectures, seminars and self-study. It has general provisions, scientific and reference materials - personalities, chronology, terminology, documents and manual - set of tests, projects and recommended literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Barbarossa 1941: Hitler Against Stalin Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    OPERATION BARBAROSSA 1941: HITLER AGAINST STALIN PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Christer Bergstrom | 300 pages | 20 Jun 2016 | Casemate Books | 9781612004013 | English | Havertown, United States Operation Barbarossa 1941: Hitler Against Stalin PDF Book The commissars held a position equal to that of the commander of the unit they were overseeing. But most of the multitude of isolated units fought on stubbornly until running out of ammunition. Why did Stalin ignore the yearlong military buildup in eastern Europe and the by one count 87 separate, credible intelligence warnings of the German invasion that he received during —41? Hitler might actually strike first! Embassy or Consulate and ask for the information to be passed to a U. See details. However the author also makes it clear that many of the worst offenders were the non-Russian inhabitants of the western Soviet Union, including the Ukraine and the Baltics, where anti-Communism and anti-Semitism were common. Minneapolis: Zenith Press. Clarendon Press. The battlefields portrayed here long possessed military significance for the Germans and the peoples of Eastern Europe. Stalin took his final step to power on May 5, when he added the title of Soviet Premier to that of Communist Party Chairman. In rain and thaw on 12 December, German 2nd Panzer Division was ousted from Solnechogorsk — having been pushed back 40 km since the Soviet counter-offensive began. Oxford University Press. New York: Vintage. May God aid us, especially in this fight! Why did Hitler attack the Soviet Union, thereby virtually abandoning his war with Britain and France at the very moment that he seemed about to achieve victory? But the Soviet dictator reacted inconsistently.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Axis Gains - Blitzkrieg - German for "Lightning War" - 3 Stages: 1
    March 10, 2008 THE GLOBAL CONFLICT: AXIS ADVANCES - Early Axis Gains - blitzkrieg - German for "lightning war" - 3 stages: 1. German bombers 2. tanks 3. infantry - within one month, Poland fell to Germany + USSR - Baltic states - Stalin's armies took over Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and part of Finland The "Phony War" - Britain, France waited behind the Maginot Line - no attack occurred - April 1940 - Norway + Denmark fell - April/May 1940 - Netherlands + Belgium fell Miracle at Dunkirk - May 1940 - Allied forces were trapped in France between Germans and the English Channel - 100s of British ships/boats came to rescue 300,000 troops across the Channel - this heroic rescue greatly raised British morale France Falls - Germany attacked from the north, Italy from the south - June 22, 1940 - Hitler forced from to surrender - Germany occupied the north, southern France became Vichy France (a puppet state that collaborated with the Nazis) Africa and the Balkans - Sept. 1940 - Italy attempted, failed to invade Egypt (British colony) - Germans sent in General Erwin Rommel (the "Desert Fox") - pushed the British back to Cairo, Egypt - British worried Germans would capture the Suez Canal - Oct. 1940 - Italian forces invaded Greece - 1941 - German forces provided provided reinforcements again - Greece + Yugoslavia added to Axis empire - Bulgaria and Hungary joined the Axis alliance The Battle of Britain and the Blitz - Aug. 12, 1940 - German bombers attacked England's southern coast - Royal Air Force (RAF) battled the German air force (Luftwaffe)
    [Show full text]
  • Operational Combat Series: Case Blue V2 (11 May, 2012) ©2012
    The Gamers, Inc. Operational Combat Series: Case Blue v2 (11 May, 2012) ©2012. Multi-Man Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents Game Design: Dean Essig Series Design: Dean Essig Combining GBII & CB Case Blue Rules 2 General Rules Playtesting: Michael Affeldt, Perry I The Counters 8 Axis Special Rules Andrus, Jeff Behan, Thomas Buettner, 10 Soviet Special Rules Steve Campbell, Jim Daniels, Don Evans, The following counters in the Case Blue 12 GBII Special Rules Andrew Fischer, Michael Junkin, John set modify GBII counters from the 2001 14 Strategic Victory Kisner, Morris Hadley, Matthias Hardel, edition. In order to bring your consolidated 14 Optional Rules John Hart, Dirk Heinz, Roland LeBlanc, counters in line with what they should have, 15 Experimental Rules Dave Mignerey, Rod Miller, Rick Robinson, do the following: 21 Design Notes & Player Notes Pedro Santos, Jim Stavers, Colin du Toit, 1) Remove all aircraft from GBII and 29 Abbreviations Bruce Webb only use the ones in Case Blue. These 30 Common Rebuild Table Russian Placenames: Kevin Caldwell have been redrawn to be graphically 31 Terrain Effects superior to the old ones and Case Blue Rules Proofing: Mark Fisher, Hans Korting, contains a complete replacement set. Russian Booklet Joe Linder 2) Replace the German 20-4-3 Inf Div 1 Weather Table v2 Rewrite Special Thanks: John Kisner, (707) with 15-4-3 Inf Div (707). The 2 Soviet Repls & Rail Caps who coordinated the effort and did the 707th ID was a later wave unit with a 3 Supply Table heavy lifting to get it done.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroism and Suffering in St Petersburg Museums Dedicated to the Siege of Leningrad Yvonne Pörzgen*
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Leicester Open Journals 412 Siege Memory – Besieged Memory? Heroism and Suffering in St Petersburg Museums dedicated to the Siege of Leningrad Yvonne Pörzgen* Abstract The official Soviet narrative of the Second World War used the concept of heroism to imbue war commemoration with an obligation towards the state. Such a concept was designed to make subsequent generations feel inferior to their predecessors and obliged to give of their best. Today, the victory serves as the strongest connection between Soviet and modern Russian patriotism. The paper argues that the memory of the Siege of Leningrad (1941-1944) as treated in museums in St Petersburg today is an appropriation by present-day Russian propaganda of the Soviet narrative. Soviet memorial sites are developed to foster support for Russia rather than the former Soviet Union. While the use of the heroic paradigm continues, the definition of heroism has changed to include each and everybody who suffered during the Siege. With collective heroism as the leading image, a critical view of the historic events becomes all but impossible. The paper makes references to the alternative narratives of literature, memoirs and diaries to contrast the version of the Siege presented in the museum exhibitions. Key words: War Museums, Siege Commemoration, Victimization, Diaries, Russia, Siege, Great Patriotic War Welcome to the City of Heroes When travelling to St Petersburg and taking a taxi or a “marshrutka” (a taxi-bus) from the airport to the city centre, visitors pass a conspicuous stele.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Tank Development During the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected]
    Concordia University - Portland CU Commons Undergraduate Theses Spring 2019 Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War Jeremy Paugh Concordia University - Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses Part of the History Commons CU Commons Citation Paugh, Jeremy, "Steel Monsters: Soviet Tank Development during the Second World War" (2019). Undergraduate Theses. 185. https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses/185 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by CU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HST 493- Steel Monsters: Soviet Armor Development During World War 2 A senior thesis submitted to The Department of History College of Arts & Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in History By: Jeremy Paugh Faculty Supervisor ______________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Joel Davis Date Department Chair _______________________________________________ _____________ Kimberly Knutsen Date Dean, College of Arts & Sciences ________________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Michael Thomas Date Provost _______________________________________________________ _____________ Michelle Cowing Date Concordia University Portland, Oregon May, 2018 1 Abstract: This thesis aims to explore the far-reaching effects of armored warfare and tank
    [Show full text]
  • 4-08 Guderian's Blitzkrieg II
    4-08 Guderian’s Blitzkrieg II - 2011 (14 Nov 18) 11. Between 22 Feb and 29 March the Axis receives lots The Case Blue rules supersede those in GBII. To of Pax and Eq. Treat them like extra repls (not exclusive eliminate the need for multiple rulebooks, applicable to GBII), rolling to see which map set each is sent to. GBII rules are replicated in Case Blue, which is designed 12. Ju-52 counts. If you are a stickler for consistency, the to cover both Case Blue and GBII. Your GBII rulebook GBII campaigns that begin in 11/41, 12/41, 1/42, and will only be needed for GBII area scenarios setups that 11/42 should all have just 2x Ju-52, with none in are not included in Case Blue. Please download the Emergency Pool. Replace the Arrival Schedule’s transfer Case Blue rules on The Gamers Archive site. of 1x Ju-52 from GBII to EatG on 26 Nov 1942 with a transfer of 2x Ju-52 from CB to EatG. 1. On Sheet 2, the 6-3-2 Security Division (203) has a 13. Rule 4.2a (part of Moscow: The Big Plum) is no Sausage on its front side. Players will need to make their longer in sync with the charts and tables. Ignore 4.2a, own replacement. Also note that directly beneath this and just go with the DRMs on the charts! counter there should be a Sausage both front and back (there is no 203 Sec Bde, so ignore that counter). Map 2.
    [Show full text]