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The Axis Advances wh07_te_ch17_s02_MOD_s.fm Page 568 Monday, March 12, 2007 2:32WH07MOD_se_CH17_s02_s.fm PM Page 568 Monday, January 29, 2007 6:01 PM Step-by-Step German fighter plane SECTION Instruction 2 WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO Objectives Janina’s War Story As you teach this section, keep students “ It was 10:30 in the morning and I was helping my focused on the following objectives to help mother and a servant girl with bags and baskets as them answer the Section Focus Question they set out for the market. Suddenly the high- and master core content. pitch scream of diving planes caused everyone to 2 freeze. Countless explosions shook our house ■ Describe how the Axis powers came to followed by the rat-tat-tat of strafing machine control much of Europe, but failed to guns. We could only stare at each other in horror. conquer Britain. Later reports would confirm that several German Janina Sulkowska in ■ Summarize Germany’s invasion of the the early 1930s Stukas had screamed out of a blue sky and . Soviet Union. dropped several bombs along the main street— and then returned to strafe the market. The carnage ■ Understand the horror of the genocide was terrible. the Nazis committed. —Janina Sulkowska,” Krzemieniec, Poland, ■ Describe the role of the United States September 12, 1939 before and after joining World War II. Focus Question Which regions were attacked and occupied by the Axis powers, and what was life like under their occupation? Prepare to Read The Axis Advances Build Background Knowledge L3 Objectives Diplomacy and compromise had not satisfied the Axis powers’ Remind students that the German attack • Describe how the Axis powers came to control hunger for empire. Western democracies had hoped that appease- on Poland signaled the outbreak of the much of Europe, but failed to conquer Britain. ment would help establish a peaceful world order. But Nazi Ger- war. Ask them to preview the section and • Summarize Germany’s invasion of the Soviet many, Fascist Italy, and imperial Japan plunged ahead with their predict what will happen next. Union. plans for conquest. • Understand the horror of the genocide the Nazis Set a Purpose L3 committed. The Axis Attacks • Describe the role of the United States before and ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection On September 1, 1939, Nazi forces stormed into Poland, revealing after joining World War II. aloud or play the audio. the enormous power of Hitler’s blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.” The blitzkrieg utilized improved tank and airpower technology to AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, Terms, People, and Places Janina’s War Story strike a devastating blow against the enemy. First, the blitzkrieg General Erwin Rommel Luftwaffe, or German air force, bombed airfields, factories, Ask How does Janina describe the Luftwaffe concentration camps towns, and cities, and screaming dive bombers fired on troops and German attack on Poland? (Sample: Dunkirk Holocaust civilians. Then, fast-moving tanks and troop transports pushed loud, destructive, confusing, horrifying) Vichy Lend-Lease Act their way into the defending Polish army, encircling whole divi- How do you predict airplanes sions of troops and forcing them to surrender. might be used in World War II? While Germany attacked from the west, Stalin’s forces invaded (Sample: for bombing, transportation, Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence Sequence from the east, grabbing lands promised to them under the Nazi- reconnaissance) events as you read in a flowchart. Soviet Pact. Within a month, Poland ceased to exist. Because of Poland’s location and the speed of the attacks, Britain and France ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus September 1939: Germany invades Poland. could do nothing to help beyond declaring war on Germany. Question and write it on the board. Hitler passed the winter without much further action. Stalin’s Tell students to refer to this question armies, however, forced the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and as they read. (Answer appears with Section 2 Assessment answers.) ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Vocabulary Builder Terms, People, and Places. ■ Have students read this Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use words from this section. section using the Structured Read Teaching Resources, Unit 4, p. 70; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 Aloud strategy (TE, p. T20). As they High-Use Words Definitions and Sample Sentences read, have students fill in the flowchart available, p. 569 adj. ready for use; at hand sequencing events in World War II. After Susan ran out of butter, she had to use whatever ingredients were available. Reading and Note Taking nullified, p. 571 vt. made invalid Study Guide, p. 181 After the students were caught cheating, the instructor nullified their exam grades. 568 World War II and Its Aftermath WH07MOD_se_CH17_s02_s.fmwh07_te_ch17_s02_MOD_s.fm Page 569 Page Tuesday, 569 June Monday, 20, 2006 March 3:53 PM 12, 2007 2:33 PM Lithuania to agree to host bases for the Soviet military. Soviet forces also seized part of Finland, which put up stiff but unsuccessful resistance. Teach The Miracle of Dunkirk During that first winter, the French hunkered down behind the Maginot Line. Britain sent troops to wait The Axis Attacks L3 with them. Some reporters referred to this quiet time as the “phony war.” Then, in April 1940, Hitler launched a blitzkrieg against Norway and Instruct Denmark, both of which soon fell. Next, his forces slammed into the ■ Introduce: Vocabulary Builder Have Netherlands and Belgium. students read the Vocabulary Builder In May, German forces surprised the French and British by attacking term and definition. Ask How did through the Ardennes Forest in Belgium, an area that was considered Germany use the technology avail- invasion proof. Bypassing the Maginot Line, German troops poured into able to it to strike at the Allies? France. Retreating British forces were soon trapped between the Nazi (Germany used airplanes and high explo- army and the English Channel. In a desperate gamble, the British sent Vocabulary Builder sives in a “blitz” against its enemies.) all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and even fishing and plea- available—(uh VAYL uh bul) adj. ready Explain to students that blitz is short for sure boats across the channel to pluck stranded troops off the beach of for use; at hand Dunkirk. Despite German air attacks, the improvised armada ferried blitzkrieg, which means “lightning war” more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain. This heroic rescue raised in German. British morale. ■ Teach Trace the Axis advance at the beginning of the war. Ask How did the France Falls Meanwhile, German forces headed south toward Paris. Italy declared war on France and attacked from the south. Overrun and Axis powers achieve victories in demoralized, France surrendered. On June 22, 1940, Hitler forced the 1939 and 1940? (by striking fast, using French to sign the surrender documents in the same railroad car in the awesome power of modern technol- which Germany had signed the armistice ending World War I. Following ogy, and never giving the enemy time to the surrender, Germany occupied northern France. In the south, the Ger- prepare or defend itself) Which side mans set up a “puppet state,” with its capital at Vichy (VEE shee). do you think was winning at the Some French officers escaped to England and set up a government-in- end of 1942? (the Axis because they exile. Led by Charles de Gaulle, these “free French” worked to liberate controlled most of Europe and had won their homeland. Within France, resistance fighters used guerrilla tactics important victories in Africa) against German forces. ■ Quick Activity Have students look at Operation Sea Lion With the fall of the Battle of Britain. To begin, read France, Britain stood alone in Western Winston Churchill’s defiance gave voice to the aloud or play the audio selection from Europe. Hitler was sure that the British determination of the British. How did Churchill the Primary Source. Then direct stu- would sue for peace. But Winston Churchill, give weight to his speech? dents to look at the Infographic on Sur- who had replaced Neville Chamberlain as viving the Blitz, on the next page, and Primary Source prime minister, had other plans. Faced with play that audio selection. Discuss the this defiance, Hitler made plans for Opera- “ We shall defend our island, whatever the cost many ways in which the war hurt ordi- tion Sea Lion—the invasion of Britain. In may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall nary people. Then remind students preparation for the invasion, he launched fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in that Britain had a strong navy. Ask massive air strikes against the island nation. the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in Why do you think the air strikes Beginning in August 1940, German bomb- the hills; we shall never surrender. ” were important to Germany’s plan ers began a daily bombardment of England’s —Winston Churchill, June 4, 1940 AUDIO southern coast. For a month, Britain’s Royal to invade Britain? (Because Britain Air Force valiantly battled the Luftwaffe. had a strong navy, Germany would Then, the Germans changed their tactics. Instead of bombing military need to ensure that it had control of the targets in the south, they began to bomb London and other cities. air in order to successfully invade the country.) Germany Launches the Blitz German bombers first appeared over AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, London late on September 7, 1940. All through the night, relays of air- Winston Churchill, June 4, 1940 craft showered high explosives and firebombs on the sprawling capital. The bombing continued for 57 nights in a row and then sporadically until the next May.
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