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History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century

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History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OF UKRAINE FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES AND PEDAGOGY Department of History and Political Sciences N. KRAVCHENKO History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the beginning of the ХХІ century Textbook for students of English-speaking groups Kyiv 2017 UDК 93/94 (477) BBК: 63.3 (4 Укр) К 77 Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine (Protocol № 3, on October 25, 2017). Reviewers: Kostylyeva Svitlana Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»; Vyhovskyi Mykola Yuriiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Faculty of Historical Education of the National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Вilan Serhii Oleksiiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History and Political Sciences of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Аristova Natalia Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English Philology of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Author: PhD, Associate Professor Nataliia Borysivna Kravchenko К 77 Kravchenko N. B. History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ - the beginning of the ХХІ century. Textbook for students of English-speaking groups. / Kravchenko N. B. – Куiv: Еditing and Publishing Division NUBiP of Ukraine, 2017. – 412 р. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 The textbook-reference covers the historical development of Ukraine Statehood in the ХХ- at the beginning of the ХХІ century. The composition contains materials for lectures, seminars and self-study. It has general provisions, scientific and reference materials - personalities, chronology, terminology, documents and manual - set of tests, projects and recommended literature. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 © N. Kravchenko, 2017 © NUBiP of Ukraine, 2017 НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ БІОРЕСУРСІВ І ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ Гуманітарно-педагогічний факультет Кафедра історії і політології Н.Б. Кравченко Історія української державності: ХХ-початок ХХІ століття Посібник для студентів англомовних груп Київ-2017 UDК 93/94 (477) BBК: 63.3 (4 Укр) К 77 Рекомендовано до друку Вченою радою Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України (протокол №3 від 25 жовтня 2017 року) Рецензенти: Koстилєва Світлана Олександрівна, доктор історичних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри історії Національного технічного університету «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського»; Виговський Микола Юрійович, доктор історичних наук, професор, професор Факультету історичної освіти Національного педагогічного університету ім. М.П. Драгоманова; Білан Сергій Олексійович, доктор історичних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри історії і політології Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України; Арістова Наталія Олександрівна, доктор педагогічних наук, доцент, завідувач кафедри англійської філології Національного університету біоресурсів і природокористування України; Aвтор: кандидат історичних наук, доцент Кравченко Наталія Борисівна К 77 Кравченко Н.Б. Історія української державності: ХХ- початок ХХІ століття. Посібник для студентів англомовних груп. / Кравченко Н.Б.– Київ: НУБіП України, 2017.- 412 с. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 Посібник охоплює історичний розвиток державності України в ХХ- на початку ХХІ ст. Містить матеріали до лекцій, семінарів та самостійної роботи студентів. Включає загальні положення, наукові та довідкові матеріали - персоналії, хронологія, термінологія, документи та методичні матеріали - набір тестів, проектів та рекомендованої літератури. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 © Н. Kравченко, 2017 © НУБіП України, 2017 CONTENTS PREFACE 7 Module І. UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD: ORIGINS, FORMS, TRENDS 9 Content module 2. The Ukrainian issue at the beginning 9 of XX century CHAPTER I. New trends in socio-political life of Ukraine at 9 the beginning of XX century CHAPTER II. Ukrainian question in the context of the 19 revolutionary events in the Russian Empire at the beginning of XX century CHAPTER IIІ. The Ukrainian issue during the First World 32 War PERSONALITIES 42 CHRONOLOGY 47 TERMINOLOGY 50 DOCUMENTS 58 SET OF TESTS 66 REFERENCES 75 Module 2. ON THE WAY TO REVIVAL OF STATE (ХХ-ХХІ CEN.). 77 Content module 1. History of Ukraine statehood from 1917 to 77 1945 CHAPTER I. Evolution Ukrainian state in 1917-1920. 77 CHAPTER II. The Soviet form of statehood (1921-1939) 109 CHAPTER III. Ukraine and the Second World War: 128 A New Paradigm PERSONALITIES 146 CHRONOLOGY 157 TERMINOLOGY 171 DOCUMENTS 180 SET OF TESTS 190 REFERENCES 233 Content module II. History of Ukraine statehood from 1945 to 235 2017 CHAPTER IV. Changes in the political life of Ukraine (40-80 235 years of the ХХ century) CHAPTER V. Historical features of state processes in 257 independent Ukraine (since 1991) CHAPTER VI. Agroindustrial Complex of Ukraine 281 CHAPTER VII. Ukraine and the World: geopolitical factor in 292 a historical retrospective CHAPTER VIIІ. Prospects of Ukrainian state in the XXI 296 century PERSONALITIES 308 CHRONOLOGY 313 TERMINOLOGY 340 DOCUMENTS 359 SET OF TESTS 376 REFERENCES 409 PREFACE The twentieth century has opened a new chapter not only in the history of Ukraine the, but also in the history of world. These decades has become a history lesson convincing Ukrainian students that only expression of the will of people is able to engender values that could not be destroyed by any invaders or occupiers. The Ukrainian were fighting against outlanders «not because they are outlanders, but because they are exploiters» and created own history, because «nobody will not build a state for us if we do not build it by ourselves, and none of us would make a nation, if we don’t want to be the nation». And they were convinced that an independent Ukrainian state is a historical necessity «for comprehension and prolongation of European balance». Textbook-reference covers the historical development of Ukraine statehood in the ХХ – at the beginning ХХІ century and includes the following main problems: 1) New trends in socio-political life of Ukraine at the beginning of XX century; 2) Ukrainian question in the context of the revolutionary events in the Russian Empire at the beginning of XX century; 3) The Ukrainian issue during the First World War; 4) Evolution Ukrainian state in 1917-1920; 5) The Soviet form of statehood (1921-1939); 6) Ukraine and the Second World War: A New Paradigm; 7) Changes in the political life of Ukraine (40-80 years of the ХХ century); 8) Historical features of state processes in independent Ukraine (since 1991); 9) Agroindustrial complex of Ukraine; 10) Ukraine and the World: geopolitical factor in a historical retrospective; 11) Prospects of Ukrainian state in the XXI century. This topic is the part of the program of normative academic discipline «History of Ukrainian statehood» for preparation of specialists in agrarian higher educational establishments for the students of departments which are taught in English. It is the the last topic of the first module and the second module of credit-module system. The material is represented relying on historical sources, and contemporary scientific research of domestic and foreign historiography, latest scientific and methodical achievements. The manual discusses various aspects and perspectives of society in socio-economic relations and national development of Ukraine. The composition contains materials for lectures, seminars and self- study. It has the general provision, scientific and reference material - personalities, chronology, terminology, documents and methodical manual 7 - test suite, creative projects after every sub-topic and list of recommended literature. Their application will help students in independent academic work, high-quality preparation for lectures and seminars, implementation of full diagnostics of learned educational material, development of oral and written speech. Students will be included in their own creative research that will contribute to their active participation in the educational and scientific process. 8 MODULE 1. UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD: ORIGINS, FORMS, TRENDS Content module 2. THE UKRAINIAN ISSUE AT THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY CHAPTER I. NEW TRENDS IN SOCIO-POLITICAL LIFE OF UKRAINE AT THE BEGINNING OF XX CENTURY Ukrainian lands at the beginning of the XX century were divided between two empires - the Austro-Hungarian - Eastern Halychyna, Transcarpathia, Northern Bukovina (about 15%) and Russian - Sloboda, Left Bank, Right Bank, Volyn, South (85%). If we compare the situation of the Ukrainian people as a part this empire, we could conclude that life of Ukrainian in the socio-economic sector was relatively easier in the Russian Empire, because there, especially in the Donbas and the Dnieper, after the reforms of the 60's and 70's of the nineteenth century, rapid industrial development took place, large areas of land (southern Ukraine) were available etc. In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the economic development of Western Ukraine has been greatly slowed. As for spiritual, cultural and national development, it should be emphasized that, on the contrary, in the Russian Empire, the majority of expressions of national life were fully suppressed, it is enough to recall the notorious Valuev (1863) and Ems (1876) decrees (the prohibition Ukrainian language). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire Ukrainian had some rights
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