DOCSLIB.ORG

After Makhno – Hidden Histories of Anarchism in the Ukraine

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
After Makhno – Hidden Histories of Anarchism in the Ukraine AFTER MAKHNO The Anarchist underground in the Ukraine AFTER MAKHNO in the 1920s and 1930s: Outlines of history By Anatoly V. Dubovik & The Story of a Leaflet and the Pate of SflHflMTbl BGAVT3AC060M the Anarchist Varshavskiy (From the History of Anarchist Resistance to nPM3PflK CTflPOPO CTPOJI Totalitarianism) "by D.I. Rublyov Translated by Szarapow Nestor Makhno, the great Ukranian anarchist peasant rebel escaped over the border to Romania in August 1921. He would never return, but the struggle between Makhnovists and Bolsheviks carried on until the mid-1920s. In the cities, too, underground anarchist networks kept alive the idea of stateless socialism and opposition to the party state. New research printed here shows the extent of anarchist opposition to Bolshevik rule in the Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s. Cover: 1921 Soviet poster saying "the bandits bring with them a ghost of old regime. Everyone struggle with banditry!" While the tsarist policeman is off-topic here (but typical of Bolshevik propaganda in lumping all their enemies together), the "bandit" probably looks similar to many makhnovists. Anarchists in the Gulag, Prison and Exile Project BCGHABOPbBV Kate Sharpley Library BM Hurricane, London, WC1N 3 XX. UK C BftHflMTMSMOM! PMB 820, 2425 Channing Way, Berkeley CA 94704, USA www.katesharpleylibrary.net Hidden histories of Anarchism in the Ukraine ISBN 9781873605844 Anarchist Sources #12 AFTER MAKHNO The Anarchist underground in the Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s: Outlines of history By Anatoly V. Dubovik & The Story of a Leaflet and the Pate of the Anarchist Varshavskiy (From the History of Anarchist Resistance to Totalitarianism) "by D.I. Rublyov Translated by Szarapow Kate Sharpley library 2009 I After Makhno: The Anarchist underground in the Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s The Anarchist underground in the Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s: Outlines of Outlines of history history By Anatoly V. Dubovik By Anatoly V. Dubovik (Dnepropetrovsk), 2007 & The Story of a Leaflet and the Fate of the Anarchist Varshavskiy (From the History The period after the end of the Russian Civil War is still largely a blank space in the of Anarchist Resistance to Totalitarianism) by D.I. Rublyov history of socialist movements that were opposed to the Bolshevik regime. Appar- ently, such a situation is due to an extremely poor number of sources available for Translated by Szarapow studies: huge (we have no doubts about that) numbers of archive cases that are held Rear cover photo: Aron Baron. by the heirs of OGPU-NKVD are barely accessible to any relatively large number © Authors 2009. Copyright prevents reproduction for profit. of historians; the emigre sources (periodicals, memoirs, personal correspondence ISBN 9781873605844 Anarchist Sources #12 etc.) are also given insufficient scientific circulation. The studies in the history of the anarchist movement are no exception in this The Kate Sharpley Library depends on donations. If you want to support our work sense. Only very recently has it become clear that the Soviet and foreign historians' please get in touch. For hundreds on articles on anarchism and anarchist history, notions of the anarchists in the USSR after 1921 cannot be reduced to the dark and information on our other publications, please visit our website. picture of a movement dying and fading away which was painted in 1960-1980s by Kate Sharpley Library the likes of S. Kanev and V. Komin in the USSR and P. Avrich in the USA. In fact BM Hurricane. London, WC1N 3XX, UK the anarchists continued their activities throughout 1920s and even into the 1930s, PMB 820, 2425 Channing Way, Berkeley CA 94704, USA and in this writer's view, this movement was sometimes even more sizeable than the www.katesharpleylibrary.net anarchism of some earlier periods, e.g. of the time between the 1905 and 1917 02-09, 09-09 revolutions. A creation of the true history of the anti-Bolshevik socialist movement in the British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data available USSR is a project for the future. In this article we will attempt to make the most basic rough draft, preliminary outline, contours of the history of anarchism in the Anarchists in the Gulag, Prison and Exile Project Soviet Ukraine - the outlines that will, in the future, certainly be filled in by more http://gulaganarchists.wordpress.com/ detailed and precise research. ***** In the view of the average person and even of some historians, anarchism in the What is Anarchism? Ukraine during the Civil War means first and foremost the Makhnovist movement. Anarchism is a political theory which opposes the State and capitalism. It says that Such a view is generally incorrect but we shall start our overview with the people with economic power (capitalists) and those with political power (politicians Makhnovslichina. It will be all the more interesting considering that it is thought the of all stripes left, right or centre) use that power for their own benefit, and not (like "anarcho-makhnovist" insurgent movement ceased to exist from the moment Nestor they claim) for the benefit of society. Anarchism says that neither exploitation nor Makhno himself fled from the Ukraine to Romania - immediately, or perhaps within government is natural or necessary, and that a society based on freedom, mutual aid the next few months. and equal shares of the good things in life would work better than this one. In reality, in 1922 and 1923 in the Left-bank, South and East Ukraine independ- Anarchism is also a political movement. Anarchists take part in day-to-day strug- ent Makhnovist detachments and underground groups kept operating. The scope and gles (against poverty, oppression of any kind, war etc) and also promote the idea of results of their activities are naturally incomparable with what was happening in comprehensive social change. Based on bitter experience, they warn that new 1921, and the summaries of the banditry-fighting organs most often mention defeats 'revolutionary' bosses are no improvement: 'ends' and 'means' (what you want and and liquidations of the Makhnovists. For example, in January 1922 the Destructive how you get it) are closely connected. detachment of the Bogucharsky regiment as a result of two battles in Starobelsky uyezd [district] defeated the Zaitsev insurgent detachment (over 70 fighters); Zaitsev of the guerrilla-bandit groups" during the following year. In order to achieve that in himself was killed. That same month in the village of Vozvizhenka in Gulyaypolsky several districts GPU banditry-fighting shock groups had to be organised. They uyezd an underground Makhnovist group numbering 11 people was arrested, and its were obliged to compile by January 1925 operative plans on the liquidation of gangs leader Kulinichenko was killed during an escape attempt. In February in Krivoroz- and to have exact information as to their connections, bases, numbers and hsky uyezd the Ivanov insurgent group was destroyed (120 people), in Poltava armaments. region the Lontsov detachment surrendered (200 people). In March in Gulyaypolsky However, by mid-1920s the Makhnovist insurgency was actually but a "remain- uyezd an insurgent detachment that consisted of 134 previously pardoned Makhno- der" of the previous mass movement, dying under the strikes of the punitive expedi- vists was defeated and destroyed, and in a battle in early May the Boiko insurgent tions and decomposing in the situation of isolation into ever-smaller detachments detachment was defeated. and gangs. As opposed to this, the purely anarchist movement, which mostly Nevertheless, there were more than just defeats in the Makhnovist insurgency of covered the cities, gained new strength in that period. We shall move on to its this period. In the spring of 1922 the Danilov insurgent detachment undertook a history. series of attacks and train robberies on the railroad section between Pologi and Chaplino stations. In Volhynia a mounted group of Makhnovists was making raids; Judging by the materials available today, 1922 was the last year of legal practi- its 30 to 50 members, according to the Soviet intelligence sources, came to the cal activity of Russian and Ukrainian anarcho-syndicalists - practical in the syndi- Ukraine from Romania. Alongside more or less active guerrilla operations, raids and calist understanding of the word, i.e. as part of the organised workers' movement, in leaflet distribution, there were even cases of new detachments forming, for example, union and factory structures. in Genichesky uyezd where in April 1922 a new Makhnovist detachment formed, For example, in early 1922 the Ekaterinoslav anarcho-syndicalists were still on numbering 32 people and headed by the former chief of the uyezd militia. the board of administration of the city Food workers' union but in late March they Quite a number of such facts could be listed. But the matter now is not the were "removed" after a decision of the provincial Union congress. number of such facts and their scrupulous listing. The most important thing is that Until the Autumn of 1922 anarcho-syndicalists were members of administrative "Makhnovschina after Makhno" is a historical reality that demands to be studied. organs of local coal miners' unions and mine committees in a number of towns and Moreover, it has to be acknowledged that the question of when the Makhnovist villages of Donbas - where the ideas and organisational principles of the American insurgency ended is yet to be closed because the documents that are in circulation syndicalist organisation Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) started to spread in among historians do not provide a definite answer. For example, the summary of the Summer 1917. Among these towns were Yuzovo (Donetsk), Lugansk, Gorlovka etc. Intelligence department of the armed forces of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repub- In 1922 anarchists (probably not just syndicalists) were active (legally or other- lic (UkrSSR). dated July 14, 1922, mentions that in the territory of Donetsk, wise) in other cities and regions of the Ukraine - Kiev, Odessa, Poltava, Sevastopol, Ekaterinoslav, Zaporozhye and Chernigov provinces "gangs aren't present" - while Elisavetgrad, Nikolaev etc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Black Anarchism, Pedro Riberio
    TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................2 2. The Principles of Anarchism, Lucy Parsons....................................................................3 3. Anarchism and the Black Revolution, Lorenzo Komboa’Ervin......................................10 4. Beyond Nationalism, But not Without it, Ashanti Alston...............................................72 5. Anarchy Can’t Fight Alone, Kuwasi Balagoon...............................................................76 6. Anarchism’s Future in Africa, Sam Mbah......................................................................80 7. Domingo Passos: The Brazilian Bakunin.......................................................................86 8. Where Do We Go From Here, Michael Kimble..............................................................89 9. Senzala or Quilombo: Reflections on APOC and the fate of Black Anarchism, Pedro Riberio...........................................................................................................................91 10. Interview: Afro-Colombian Anarchist David López Rodríguez, Lisa Manzanilla & Bran- don King........................................................................................................................96 11. 1996: Ballot or the Bullet: The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Electoral Process in the U.S. and its relation to Black political power today, Greg Jackson......................100 12. The Incomprehensible
    [Show full text]
  • Teoría E Historia Anarquista En Perspectiva Global1
    [REVISTA ESTUDOS LIBERTÁRIOS (REL), UFRJ, VOL.2] 2º semestre de 2019 TEORÍA E HISTORIA ANARQUISTA EN PERSPECTIVA GLOBAL1 Felipe Corrêa Profesor universitario, investigador y editor; doctorado en la Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) y maestría en la Universidade de São Paulo (USP); coordinador del Instituto de Teoría e Historia Anarquista (ITHA). Resumen : Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la investigación conducida durante algunos años por el autor y que culminó con la publicación del libro Bandera Negra: rediscutiendo el anarquismo (Editorial Prismas, Brasil, 2014, 346 pp.). El libro parte de un proceso colectivo de investigación global del anarquismo que viene siendo conducido por investigadores de distintas partes del mundo en el seno del Instituto de Teoría e Historia Anarquista (ITHA) y tiene como objetivo general responder con profundidad qué es el anarquismo. Se parte de un balance crítico de los estudios de referencia más influyentes sobre el tema en castellano, portugués, inglés y francés, discurriendo sobre sus virtudes pero, principalmente, identificando sus problemas, limitaciones y omisiones. Se constata que tales estudios no responden adecuadamente a la pregunta formulada y sostienen una cantidad innumerable de tesis sin ningún fundamento histórico, que continúan siendo repetidas hoy en día. Bandera Negra propone entonces un nuevo abordaje teórico-metodológico para los estudios del anarquismo: define aspectos comunes a autores y episodios, permitiendo conceptuar esta ideología y diferenciarla de otras;
    [Show full text]
  • Anarcho-Syndicalism in the 20Th Century
    Anarcho-syndicalism in the 20th Century Vadim Damier Monday, September 28th 2009 Contents Translator’s introduction 4 Preface 7 Part 1: Revolutionary Syndicalism 10 Chapter 1: From the First International to Revolutionary Syndicalism 11 Chapter 2: the Rise of the Revolutionary Syndicalist Movement 17 Chapter 3: Revolutionary Syndicalism and Anarchism 24 Chapter 4: Revolutionary Syndicalism during the First World War 37 Part 2: Anarcho-syndicalism 40 Chapter 5: The Revolutionary Years 41 Chapter 6: From Revolutionary Syndicalism to Anarcho-syndicalism 51 Chapter 7: The World Anarcho-Syndicalist Movement in the 1920’s and 1930’s 64 Chapter 8: Ideological-Theoretical Discussions in Anarcho-syndicalism in the 1920’s-1930’s 68 Part 3: The Spanish Revolution 83 Chapter 9: The Uprising of July 19th 1936 84 2 Chapter 10: Libertarian Communism or Anti-Fascist Unity? 87 Chapter 11: Under the Pressure of Circumstances 94 Chapter 12: The CNT Enters the Government 99 Chapter 13: The CNT in Government - Results and Lessons 108 Chapter 14: Notwithstanding “Circumstances” 111 Chapter 15: The Spanish Revolution and World Anarcho-syndicalism 122 Part 4: Decline and Possible Regeneration 125 Chapter 16: Anarcho-Syndicalism during the Second World War 126 Chapter 17: Anarcho-syndicalism After World War II 130 Chapter 18: Anarcho-syndicalism in contemporary Russia 138 Bibliographic Essay 140 Acronyms 150 3 Translator’s introduction 4 In the first decade of the 21st century many labour unions and labour feder- ations worldwide celebrated their 100th anniversaries. This was an occasion for reflecting on the past century of working class history. Mainstream labour orga- nizations typically understand their own histories as never-ending struggles for better working conditions and a higher standard of living for their members –as the wresting of piecemeal concessions from capitalists and the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Yalensky's Fable: a History of the Anarchist Black Cross
    Yalensky’s Fable: A History of the Anarchist Black Cross Matthew Hart 2003 Contents Propaganda by the Deed .................................. 5 Russian Revolution and the Continued Repression .................... 5 World War II ......................................... 6 The Second Wave ...................................... 7 The Present Wave ...................................... 8 Work Cited .......................................... 9 2 For close to a century, anarchists have united under the banner of the Anarchist Black Cross for the sole purpose of supporting those comrades imprisoned for their commitment to revolu- tion and to the ideas of anarchism. Who would have suspected that a few men supplying boots, linen, and clothing to deportees in Bialostock would have been the meager beginnings of an organization that has spread throughout the globe?1 Recently statements have been made, referring to the history of the Anarchist Black Cross as mere folklore. While I admit the history of this organization seems evasive at the surface level, a deeper search for the organization’s history uncovers a rich amount of information that is far from folklore or fairy tales. This article is just a small amount of the history that hasbeen discovered in just a couple of years of research. Hundreds of pages filled with facts regarding the history of the organization is presently being assembled by members of the Los Angeles Branch Group of the Anarchist Black Cross Federation in hopes of one day printing this information in books, pamphlets, etc. We present the informa- tion in hopes of bringing unity and knowledge within the ranks of those who struggle for the support of political prisoners throughout the world. The Anarchist Black Cross dates back to the beginning of the last century during the politically turbulent times of Tsarist Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War.Pdf
    NESTOR MAKHNO IN THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR Michael Malet THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE TeutonicScan €> Michael Malet \982 AU rights reserved. No parI of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, wilhom permission Fim ed/lIOn 1982 Reprinted /985 To my children Published by lain, Saffron, and Jonquil THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London rind BasingSloke Compafl/u rind reprutntatiW!S throughout the warld ISBN 0-333-2S969-6 Pnnted /II Great Bmain Antony Rowe Ltd, Ch/ppenham 5;landort � Signalur RNB 10043 Akz.·N. \d.·N. I, "'i • '. • I I • Contents ... Acknowledgements VIII Preface ox • Chronology XI .. Introduction XVII Glossary xx' PART 1 MILITARY HISTORY 1917-21 1 Relative Peace, 1917-18 3 2 The Rise of the Balko, July 19I5-February 1919 13 3 The Year 1919 29 4 Stalemate, January-October 1920 54 5 The End, October I92O-August 1921 64 PART 2 MAKHNOVSCHYNA-ORGAN1SATION 6 Makhno's Military Organisation and Capabilities 83 7 Civilian Organisation 107 PART 3 IDEOLOGY 8 Peasants and Workers 117 9 Makhno and the Bolsheviks 126 10 Other Enemies and Rivals 138 11 Anarchism and the Anarchists 157 12 Anti-Semitism 168 13 Some Ideological Questions 175 PART 4 EXILE J 4 The Bitter End 183 References 193 Bibliography 198 Index 213 • • '" Acknowledgements Preface My first thanks are due to three university lecturers who have helped Until the appearance of Michael PaJii's book in 1976, the role of and encouraged me over the years: John Erickson and Z. A. B. Nestor Makhno in the events of the Russian civil war was almost Zeman inspired my initial interest in Russian and Soviet history, unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES For map and other editors For international use Ukraine Kyiv “Kartographia” 2011 TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES FOR MAP AND OTHER EDITORS, FOR INTERNATIONAL USE UKRAINE State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by Nina Syvak, Valerii Ponomarenko, Olha Khodzinska, Iryna Lakeichuk Scientific Consultant Iryna Rudenko Reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa Translated by Olha Khodzinska Editor Lesia Veklych ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ © Kartographia, 2011 ISBN 978-966-475-839-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................ 5 2 The Ukrainian Language............................................ 5 2.1 General Remarks.............................................. 5 2.2 The Ukrainian Alphabet and Romanization of the Ukrainian Alphabet ............................... 6 2.3 Pronunciation of Ukrainian Geographical Names............................................................... 9 2.4 Stress .............................................................. 11 3 Spelling Rules for the Ukrainian Geographical Names....................................................................... 11 4 Spelling of Generic Terms ....................................... 13 5 Place Names in Minority Languages
    [Show full text]
  • Profile of the NGO
    NGO «STEP» Strengthening Democratic Governance Strategies and Technologies of Project office Effective Partnership [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] https://www.facebook.com/hromada.zp/ website: www.stepngo.in.ua https://issuu.com/sdg-project Profile of the NGO Non-Governmental Organization “Strategies and Technologies of Effective Partnership” or NGO “STEP” for short was registered in 2009. Until April 2019, known as Zaporizhzhia Youth NGO “STEP”. Since its founding, the organization has been actively participating in the civic processes at the local and regional level. We cooperate with the local community, local self-governance, and NGOs to achieve our Mission: to foster the establishment and development of partnerships between different stakeholders at the local, regional and national levels to build a cultured, democratic, capable, and human-oriented society. Previous experience • Provided joint projects with the EIDOS Centre for Political Studies and Analysis (monitoring and advocacy campaigns), 2011-2015. In particular, was a member of the Ukrainian NGOs’ coalition for civic monitoring of the activity of tender committees and public procurement (in 2012, with a focus on Zaporizhzhia and Donetsk regions). • Has the experience of international projects. For example, cooperation with NGO Fundacja Miejsc i Ludzi Aktywnych (2016), Fundacja Mapa Pasji (2017). • Assistance to establishing the first youth councils in the small cities and rural areas of Zaporizhzhia region, training programs for young leaders (2016-2017). • Administrating grant projects of different scale and budgets – from 100 to 30,000 USD. • Has the experience of working with sub-grantees, administrating sub-grants, 2018. • One of the founders and providers of the largest social event for kids and families in Zaporizizhia – the Family Festival (held annually since 2012, in public park Dubovyi Hai).
    [Show full text]
  • Bakunin and the Psychobiographers
    BAKUNIN AND THE PSYCHOBIOGRAPHERS: THE ANARCHIST AS MYTHICAL AND HISTORICAL OBJECT Robert M. Cutler Email: [email protected] Senior Research Fellow Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies Carleton University Postal address: Station H, Box 518 Montreal, Quebec H3G 2L5 Canada 1. Introduction: The Psychological Tradition in Modern Bakunin Historiography 2. Key Links and Weak Links: Bakunin's Relations with Marx and with Nechaev 3. Lessons for the Marriage of Psychology to History 3.1. Historical Method, or Kto Vinovat?: Problems with the Use of Sources in Biography 3.2. Psychological Method, or Chto Delat'?: Problems with Cultural Context and the Individual 4. Conclusion: Social Psychology, Psychobiography, and Mythography 4.1. Social Psychology at the Crossroads of Character and Culture 4.2. Psychobiography to Social Psychology: A Difficult Transition 4.3. Mythography and Its Link to Social Psychology: The Contemporary Relevance of Bakunin Historiography English original of the Russian translation in press in Klio (St. Petersburg) Available at http://www.robertcutler.org/bakunin/pdf/ar09klio.pdf Copyright © Robert M. Cutler . 1 BAKUNIN AND THE PSYCHOBIOGRAPHERS: THE ANARCHIST AS MYTHICAL AND HISTORICAL OBJECT Robert M. Cutler Biographies typically rely more heavily upon personal documents than do other kinds of history, but subtleties in the use of such documents for psychological interpretation have long been recognized as pitfalls for misinterpretation even when contemporaries are the subject of study. Psychobiography is most persuasive and successful when its hypotheses and interpretations weave together the individual with broader social phenomena and unify these two levels of analysis with any necessary intermediate levels. However, in practice psychobiography rarely connects the individual with phenomena of a social-psychological scale.1 Psychobiography is probably the only field of historical study more problematic than psychohistory in general, principally because questions of interpretation are so much more difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Workingmen's Association, Sometimes Called The
    Speer: History of the Union of Russian Workers [April 8, 1919] 1 The Russian Workingmen’s Association, sometimes called the Union of Russian Workers (What It Is and How It Operates). [A Bureau of Investigation Internal Report] April 8, 1919 by Edgar B. Speer Report prepared in he Pittsburgh Office of the Bureau of Investigation. Document in DoJ/BoI Investigative Files, NARA M-1085, reel. 926, file 325570. At Pittsburgh, Pa. included some of the Russian Anarchists. There was trouble among the members of this organization and From the 6th to the 9th of January, 1919, the a Russian Anarchist by the name of William Shatov, 2nd Convention of the Russian Colonies was held in sometimes called Shatoff, who now occupies a promi- New York City. One hundred twenty-three delegates nent position in the Lenin Government in Russia; participated in the convention and they represented another Russian by the name of A. Rode, who is still 33,975 Russians, according to the Soviet of Working- living in the United States; a man by the name of men’s Deputies of the US and Canada Weekly. The inde- Dieproski; a Finnish Anarchist by the name of Peter- pendent element was represented by 60 delegates; son, who it is understood is still living in the United Union of Russian Workers, 49; Socialists, 9; Indus- States under the name of Peters; and several others. trial Workers of the World, 2; and Anarchists, 3. Dur- These met and formed a Russian Anarchist Group. ing the convention, Peter Bianki, who represented the The Group was in existence about 6 months when it Union of Russian Workers of the United States and began the publication of a monthly paper called Golos Canada and the Anarchists, declared from the con- Truda (Voice of Labor).
    [Show full text]
  • History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the Beginning of the ХХІ Century
    NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE OF UKRAINE FACULTY OF THE HUMANITIES AND PEDAGOGY Department of History and Political Sciences N. KRAVCHENKO History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ- the beginning of the ХХІ century Textbook for students of English-speaking groups Kyiv 2017 UDК 93/94 (477) BBК: 63.3 (4 Укр) К 77 Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine (Protocol № 3, on October 25, 2017). Reviewers: Kostylyeva Svitlana Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History of the National Technical University of Ukraine «Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»; Vyhovskyi Mykola Yuriiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Faculty of Historical Education of the National Pedagogical Drahomanov University Вilan Serhii Oleksiiovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of History and Political Sciences of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Аristova Natalia Oleksandrivna, Doctor of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English Philology of the National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine. Author: PhD, Associate Professor Nataliia Borysivna Kravchenko К 77 Kravchenko N. B. History of Ukrainian Statehood: ХХ - the beginning of the ХХІ century. Textbook for students of English-speaking groups. / Kravchenko N. B. – Куiv: Еditing and Publishing Division NUBiP of Ukraine, 2017. – 412 р. ISBN 978-617-7396-79-5 The textbook-reference covers the historical development of Ukraine Statehood in the ХХ- at the beginning of the ХХІ century. The composition contains materials for lectures, seminars and self-study. It has general provisions, scientific and reference materials - personalities, chronology, terminology, documents and manual - set of tests, projects and recommended literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Starting an Anarchist Black Cross Group: a Guide
    Starting an anarchist black cross group: A guide summer 2018 welcome This zine is a resource for anyone abolition is not a simple answer nor an wanting to start an Anarchist Black Cross easy solution. It is a long way to go. That group. It was a collective effort of people is why exactly we are talking about the from various ABC groups across Europe. Anarchist Black Cross and not liberal, We hope you find it inspiring and useful. statist or reformist ways of organising. The past several decades we have Our tactics are based upon sharing witnessed various forms of crisis and solidarity, not charity. More than emerging all over the globe and while ever, it is critically important to share resisting and fighting back, we as the knowledge and organisational tips anarchists are paying close attention with people that want to take action. to the changing patterns and tactics of That is why we wrote this zine: shared state repression. To save the status quo knowledge is an important tool in and powers-that be they divide and fighting against repression. rule. They co-opt struggles and pacify subversive movements. Meanwhile, we The best defense against repression are striving to break free. is preparation. We hope this zine can support you to organise where you are We need to destroy all the prisons, and and build more resilience to repression free all the prisoners. Our position is an in your movements and struggles for abolitionist stance against the state and liberation. If you would like support or it’s prisons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Cross Free
    FREE THE BLACK CROSS PDF Greg Iles | 576 pages | 01 Nov 1995 | Penguin Putnam Inc | 9780451185198 | English | New York, United States Black Cross by Greg Iles As IMDb celebrates its 30th birthday, we have six shows to get you ready for those pivotal years of your life Get some streaming picks. A tale of a young impoverished nobleman, who with The Black Cross uncle returns from a war against the order of the Teutonic Knights in Lithuania. He falls in love with a beautiful woman and pledges an oath to bring her "three trophies" from the Teutonic Knights. Written by Anonymous. I have seen this movie many years ago. This movie to my knowledge is one of the best Knights movies that ever been made. The plot is fantastic and the ending is a very sad one. This movie shows to what extreme some people would go to avenge even if they are The Black Cross the wrong. A great movie and not enough acclaimed to my satisfaction. Looking for something to watch? Choose an adventure below and discover your next favorite movie or TV show. Visit our What to Watch page. Sign In. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. The Black Cross Cast and Crew. Release Dates. The Black Cross Sites. Company Credits. Technical Specs. Plot Summary. Plot Keywords. Parents Guide. External Sites. User Reviews. User Ratings. External Reviews. Metacritic Reviews. Photo Gallery. Trailers and Videos. Crazy Credits. Alternate Versions. Rate This. In the 15th century the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is facing a hard struggle against the neighboring Teutonic Order.
    [Show full text]