R E P E N TA N C E T OW E R

A N D IT S T R A D I T I N O .

GEORGE NEILSON ,

” A nt/tor o Trial b C mbat ’ f y o , érc.

RB PIN TAN CB T OWER F ROM T HE SOUT H .

EDINBURGH

E RG E G . G O P . JOHNSTON , 33 GEOR E STREET

M D CCC'CV .

P R E F A C E .

whi h f ri s f o c o oo t n e o e in T ascinati n , r m childh d, Repen a c T w r,

n e for e f a on fo r n An andale, has ver had mys l , is my re s believi g

f o o ma n that my solutio n o its hist rical pr blem y i terest o thers . — — I have therefore reprinted zo o co pies 1 5 0 fo r sale o i a paper

h P d n s o Me las owArclrceolo zkal oc et in t e rocee i G S i N ew g f wg g y ( e vol. a n t o o r e no n and S ries, m ki g thre mi r verbal cha ges,

‘ f addi ng three photographic plates . Fo r the first and third o

e to a f e . a o a . thes , I have th nk my ri nd Mr M cgreg r Ch lmers

G. N .

RAN B T 34 G ' un es,

w' A l Guso o , pn , 1 895 C O N T E N T S.

R N I . THE T ADITIO

THE B — ST — H — ALLAD . MUNGO ODD OM CASTLE T HE TRADITION — w no BUILT REPENTANCE TOWER

H W II . T E TO ER

HA R A T — R T C C ERISATION THE INSC IP ION .

m T w HE o o mo o r E F . AGN S O HERRIES

’ ’ R HE RR rEs s HT R— D 'W SECO N D N LO D DAUG E LOR MA ELL S SO .

IV . o HN E ' W j , MAST R OF MA ELL — I N TRIGUE AN D COUN T ER INTRIGUE SUSPENSE THE ISSUE m T HE AT D R rsnEER FIGHT u .

V. J OHN LORD HE RRIES

E TI HOD D OM — TH ACQ UISI ON OF THE GUARDIAN OF THE CHILD, A W LORD M ' ELL.

VI H D DOM . O CASTLE

W— M ST N E THE PRECEPTOR ' OF TRAILTR O HOD D O A S.

V I T RAILT ROW B I . EACON — THE BALE- FIRES ON THE ANNAN AN D THE NITH THE PLACE

OF TRA ILT R OW HILL.

V N W R III . REPE TANCE TO E — A WATCH TOWER m T HE BORD ER LAWS HODDOM TRADITION S — ' ' I6 T H CENTUR HISTOR .

I' ' AN D O O . SUMMAR C NCLUSI N W THE BUILDER OF THE TO ER . R D T R E PE N TA N C E T OWE R A N D ITS T A I I O N .

’ ' R ead at a M eet n M las owrelea'olo -Ieal So aet Ire/d on i g of e G g A g y

1 1: Se lember 1 . 7 p , 893

— ' ‘ IIIE T N . I . TRADI IO

' ' CIIT om s wal BR I shone the moon on Hodd , Bri t on R ta To wer ch epen nce ; ’ M irlt wor of H ddo m nl as the l d o s sa , Tnat chief sae sad and sour He sat him on Repentance hicht ’ And lo wer d u on he sea g p t , And sair and eavil h i h y e s cht, B ut nae drap eased his bree.

T r he nicht is fair, and calm the ai , N a b as s turb h t e l t dis t e ree, ’ Bi ith man and beast nowtak t ei rest h r , ’ And a s at peace but me d wer in rin bo x r Ca wea t an o ce e n l h p p ly , ’ i ’ Can b eauty s roll ng e e, ’ f hi kin 'll tear Can riends p dear, v i y , B ring back my peace to me ? m r ine N a tang, lang aun the mourne p , And meikle penance dree ; Wha has a heavy heart like mine ” E re lieht that heart can be '

r r i r wn n o T a lt o wld o Repe tance Hill, in A nandale, ith its o t wer visible fro m

n mo o n n lo g distances in al st every directi n, is a place with u ique claims upo the

en on o f o . o o f o n en n att ti Sc tsmen It c mmands a view excepti al ext t, i terest ,

wn n o in o variety, and beauty ; it is ass ciated ith stirring i cide t b rder war ; it

’ x From Ch arles irk a rick Shar e s balla l Th e Lor Herries : his Com aint ub K p t p , d pl , p ’ lish in Sir Wa te Sc t s M instrels Me Scams/c B order n or t o ed r ot o . e wo n l y f O ther sta zas ereafter are a so from is b q uoted h l th allad. has a striking legend to uching its o rigi n and its name ; and its romantic sto ry

n n r w n o to t o o has le t i spi ati n at least three poe s, h se verse has thus thr w a vivid , if fan f n f f u to o a . o o ci ul, light up the p st With ut the aid the imaginative ac lty

o wla K a f no n to e o f o which we the bal ds irkpatrick Sh rpe, the lady k w literature x n n f M illi an o to re- as o o and o . a Jea ie M rris , Dr J mes g , it may be p ssible light

o o f o f a n o to the t rch Repentance T wer with acts, and by their illumin ti g p wer n pe etrate its yet unmastered mystery .

n l ma n b e ha o Repenta ce Hi l y co ceivably t t identical little hill which, acc rd in to 1 sth n o n o o ut o f n? e g ce tury traditi , r se up the plai which is call d ” m n n o o in n in H o do . d , whe St Mu g first preached the g spel An andale, the

r Its n n du fo S yea 5 73 . ame eve might be de ced r m the great piritual awaken in f o emo a of the at o g which oll wed that m r ble visit Strathclyde saint, wh se

n fled o ut o f to n l h o biddi g the devils the district, never retur T is, h wever,

o o o and no t to n tain . w uld be a mere phil l gical figment, is be e ter ed The

' o ldest name by which we can trace the hill thro ugh the mist o f far- o fi years

3 Tr vertrold o o f no l . Trailtro w e is , a w rd the first syllable which de tes a hil side

o fo m o f n one o f o in o f is the m dern r that ame, the ldest the so uth Sco tland . The sco pe o f my paper do es no t embrace the ecclesiastical histo ry o f this

e in a o s e o u n 4 e to . M n o plac its v ri us phase as a r ligi s settleme t attributabl St u g ,

o o 5 and o a o fo e a chapel , h spital, and precept ry , a n rmal p r chial charge be r the

fo o n n sa o ut o f Re rmati , u til its ultimate pas ge separate ecclesiastical existence

n Trail ro wi in 6 whe t par sh was merged Cummertrees.

Of H o ddo m in e a f wo fa to . e , its s cular spects, a w rds ll be said The first

o f nn n o to s r o Steward A a dale (which was, d wn the pre ent centu y, kn wn as a

’ “ r T at of ani M Kirkpatrick Sha pe s ballad h as been already partly q uoted. h Je e orrison ws ublis e in her Ane B oo o f Ba a T a of th ate D r. Mi li an ori na l a p h d ke ll des. h t e l l g gi l y a eared in the A nnandale Observer and was subs uent ub is e in his Wim leburn pp , eq ly p l h d p , ” Vi la e ketc or l g S hes.

' 2 n lameie cam i abul l t N a d t. Kenti rn Historians of I p p voc o Holde m. S . inian n S ge ( 2 1 Scotland), p. 7.

las owC/Iartula tra nt isco atm lar uemis 3 G g ry ( Regis Ep p G g p. 4.

as wh rt 4 Gl go C a ' 4.

’ 5 Chalmers Caledonia iii - 1 - 1 , . I 53 4 , 90 .

6 t: l Ac of Par iament Scotland, iv. r K to da Udard o f H o ddo m x Stewart y, just as irkcudbright is this y) was , a

o n fo member o f a family which presumably t o k its ame r m the place . In the 1 sth and I3th centu ries there may have been a hall o r residence o fso me kind

no fo r of a . there, but real evidence has been adduced the existence a c stle

a as of u Hall uards 2 o n n o f th The lleged c tle the Br ces, at g , the east ba k e

3 to n o o n a o in o river, said have bee dem lished s me ce turies g , c mpliance

o a o of o r o u the with a b rder tre ty, is as dev id d cumenta y v cher as alleged

r i o 4 treaty fo ts dem litio n .

nfo o a o H oddom n the roth Very little i rmati n is vailable ab ut u til century . In the Isth century it had beco me the property of the baro ns Herries o f

5 l no roo fof as . o n Terreg es. Still there is p a c tle N ne emerges u til the middle o f the 1 6 en Hoddo m r in o th c tury, and when Castle appea s the rec rds, it is speedily fo llo wed by Repentance To wer .

o o has o n f o the o o f H oddo m N r mance w ve itsel r und hist ry Castle.

n o n o n o o Repe tance, the c trary, has a traditi n which has given it ren wn as a ’ - r o . o n e o n n f veritable ballad make s j y That traditi has divers v rsi s . O e o rm o fth e o Hoddom out of on o f Trailtro w st ry is that Castle was built the st es

on who w t e o so n Chapel, and that the bar , buil it, er cted the t er al , insc ribi g “ a o n o n a a io la b ve its li tel the w rd Repenta ce, bec use his s crileg us act y heavy

n 5 no rs o o i n an o his soul . But a ther ve i n, much m re str ki g d po etical in

r n oo o cha acter, has take deeper r t in p pular mind and memory . Its oldest ’ “ ” 7 w fo in Po c oc k s o o was written rm is T urs, whewre it is stated that the t wer f r o o e ho as an o f ue built o a beac n by a L rd H rries, enemy Mary Q en o f

a r f f rds n o ed . o Scots, but a terwa tur ed p pist and epented his de s A t urist mo re

nown o o o oo o o f o . o re ned tha P c ck, the bservant Pennant, t k n te the st ry Acc rd i o 8 o o i o n n ng to his acc unt, the t wer was built by L rd Herr es as an at eme t fo r

’ I a 1 60 606 60 Glas owhart . n i C 6 Bain s Ca le d r, . 9 7, 5 , , 7 ; g ' p. 4

' 2 wSt t tic l A n m rs Caledonia iii. N e a is a ccou t Hoddam Parish Chal e , 79 ; ( ) .

N ewStatistical Account D umfriesshire Cummertrees Parish . 2 2 3 , ( ), p 9 . ’ s n wort in the intro uction to ir a ric S ba in h B order 4 It i ote hy that d K kp t k harpe s llad t e

M nstrcl no men ion is ma e of the alle e ear ier cas e. i q , t d g d l tl

Re M a S n ii. 1 6 22 2 26. 5 g. g. ig , 54, 94 , 5 ’ 6 N ewStatistical A ccount Cummertrees Paris C almers Caledonia iii 1 1 . ( h) : h , 9 ’ ur n cotland H o t 7 Pocock s To s i S (Sc ottish ist ry Socie y), p. 34. ’ 8 P Tour in Sc tland i 1 0 - 6 enuant s o , . 5 . n to a n w t o e o o t n o e o f put i g de th s m pris ers h m he had aken u der pr mis quarter .

The n wn e wn n o o o s o e of a varia t m st idely curr t, h ever, arrate that the b r ns

to n no n o hn f had a Herries, said have bee k w as J the Rei , m de a raid into

n an . n n o the o o t n an E gl d Retur i g acr ss S lway, he was ver ake by a sto rm, d to

’ the o oa c ut f a f lighten b at s l d, he the throats o sever l o his priso ners and threw

n o a K them i wt the se . irkpatrick Sharpe made this version the basis o f his s k r on as in ballad, hich describe the luc less pe s s thus sacrificed twelve number, and makes the remorseful baro n so lilo quise as follo ws

Alas ' wlv ious liv er s e e rec es we i t t p p l , M wort ess s ar to save y hl p k ; Bet had Ifa len wit outen ui t l h g l ,

Frae cradle to the grave.

Re en an na fm a p t ce sig l o y h le, Built o fthe lasting stane ; ' an e e l g shall tell the bluidy tal , W hen I am deid and gane.

’ Ho wIl r oddom s o an tell l d ye l g sall , B consc ien stri en air y ce ck s , In if h n f l e sustained t e pai s o hell, ir And perished in despa .

To n e o to n o to e o e exami e this w ird st ry, bri g hist ry b ar up n leg nd, to

e if o e o f n o asc rtain, p ssible, the build r Repenta ce T wer and why he built it, is the o bject here.

H ww w- o a s o no ho r o o ist ric l ch lars k greatly t aditi n, even when ell v uched

n n n r . o n o a d ge ui e, va ies in value They kn w that it is ever wh lly reliable

no f u although it rarely lac ks so me reality . They k w that req ently it possesses

o f io fo o n f in o the characteristic fict n unded act, preserving a dist rted and

n n fa erro neo us fo rm an actual histo rical memo ry. Can we dise ta gle the ct

win a u o o f a o f an fro m mythical overgro th these v rio s editi ns the t le Repent ce

r wn ws n t be To wer ? Or a e the t o o o gro w together as o inseparable They say that o f o ld the fairies were wo nt to haunt the tree- clad height of

W c r n n in of n . o o d oc kai , which sta ds beside Repenta ce a bend the An an water Have the fairies with their spells travestied all truth o ut o f the sto ry o fthis l o neso me to wer ? Or have they o nly embellished with a playful touch o f “ ” fancy what at bo tto m may still be recognised and read as an o wer true tale ? f a o n foun o o f Divested o superfluo us detail, tr diti lays the dati ns Repentance — Tower in rem o rse remo rse fo r a sacrifice o f human life in so me episode o f

r fo . Let no wo o o . a e. border war o ray us l k at the T wer Let us guess its g

us if o Let us search fo r a baro n Herries of that time. Then let see rec rds

n e n to f mo sef fo n furnish a y clu enabli g us identi y in him the re r ul u der, and

i to thus to track trad tio n its lair.

— IE W R II. TI TO E .

T il r we o f 0 f o an old On ra t o Hill , at a h ight 35 eet ab ve sea level, stands in

- o z f 2 1 f 6 n burying gro und a small bare t wer, 3 eet 9 inches by eet i ches

a n o an. are fe 6 h k extern lly, bei g thus alm st square in pl Its walls 5 et inches t ic ,

- The n o n t f r with lo opholes o r small sho t h oles o n all sides . i teri r is o planned o

fi - n o n r o o t e n no re . reside ce, like an rdi a y b rder t wer, here b i g places The

n o n the rs floo and n fe o e e trance doo rway is fi t r, has bee de nded by a d ubl

n o o n o m wa o e . s doo r. There is a curi us a gle cupb ard in c er The staircase

n f o o f w o e o oo probably o f wo od . The t w r has a st e r , thr ugh the midst hich

n o r o n i rises a beaco chimney turret . It thus c ntains inter al evidence o f ts

1 o r n o . purpo se and histo ry . It is a watch sig al t wer

f u o f n is s n The mo st curious eat re the buildi g an in criptio n o ver the e trance.

oo a o n o o n el. n w The d rw y stands c siderably ab ve the gr u d lev Access is o w ” to o n o is o o gained it by a sh rt exter al stair, hich , h wever, a m dern additi n .

of oo o n e r 3 The lintel the d rway has carved up it, in rais d lette ing, the wo rd

R tPtllltllt o f o ne end and o l , with the figure a bird at the a scr l at the o th er.

o e o f r The bird and scr ll have b en, by s me writers, taken o a do ve and a

f o and ‘ e . o r serp nt But these emblems rem rse g ace, as they have been styled,

I am indebted for the measurements and for the architectural characterisatio ns given ’ su a o M essrs. MacGibbon and Ross s Castella ted and D omestic A rc/iitectnre Sc tlan pr , t of o d, 6 1 ii. 60, .

’ ’ 2 Preface to ir a ric S ar e s ba a at su ra escribes th bui er ca n K kp t k h p ll d p , d e ld as m g over

u a f- wa u the ui din d th oor wic is abo b an had former no air to it the r e d , h h t h l y p l g ly st , figues ’ of a ov and a ser en emb ems of remorse and race and the motto R e entance d e p t, l g , p .

3 T e e terin curious mixes two Roman ca i als R and P wi h a h l t g ly p t ( ) th t e l te Gothic f m r character o the re ainde .

h o ri ina au f m s Pennant Tour in Sco lan 4 T e t orit or so st in t e i t d 0 . g l h y yl g h , , i. 1 5 6

t o . o on c ol no t are ex remely pr blematical Indeed, it is my pini that the s r l is a

o o e a e fo r o . serpent, alth ugh the bird may c nc iv bly have been intend d a d ve It Is very pro bable that so me o f the present architectural features of the

to ai or o o on ra to wer are due rep r rest rati n subsequent, po ssibly c side bly sub

o o o n - n n sequent, t the riginal erecti n . There are o date determi i g details in the

f to o no o f hara r o ra work. It is sa e say, h wever, that ne the c cte istics w uld war nt — the inference o f an origin much befo re the middle o f the I 6th century a

’ wh o n in an o . date ich must be b r e in mind y enquiry int the builder s identity

— I II F r H ER R IEs. II. T E WOOING O AGNES o

In a n for f o f a o H rrres In se rchi g the ounder Repent nce, we find a Sir J hn e the I 4th century and another in the 1 sth ; but there is no proo f that the estate o f H oddo m belo nged to the family o f Herries o f Terregles until after

s or no w f o t o not a their day . Whether it did , h ever, is materi l . The main act

no o of o f Hoddo m o r o f o o f is, that there is menti n a castle , the T wer

n an 1 o r I th n . Repe t ce , in either the 4th 5 ce turies It is very peculiar that the castle o f H oddo m on its present site (and there is no satisfacto ry gro und for thinking that it ever had any other) is not in

l Trail wn in o o f tro wo o f the parish o f H o ddo m. It is the d parish , part

e o n to e o f Cummertrees . There is ev ry reas b lieve that anciently the lands

m Ho ddo m r e o u nn Ho ddo , like Pa ish, w re b nded by the A an water, and lay

n N o t u f who lly on its no rthern and eastern ba k . ntil a ter the middle o fthe

a a to o v no 1 6th century do es the est te appe r have cr ssed the ri er, and t until

o o to o n to o f then is there, in the rec rds kn wn me, any allusi the existence x any castle ofH oddo m.

i o of o o ofHoddom i o u 1 n Will am, L rd Herries, pr priet r , d ed ab t 5 4 3, leavi g

A . an three daughters, gnes, Catherine, and Janet Their guardi ship and the

” to o na e u fo r n m a right n mi t h sbands them , tech ically called their arri ge,

o f to e fa of r o f vested in the Cr wn, and thus ell be ex rcised by the mily the Ea l

2 ne was o e n o f o . Arran, R ge t Sc tland Ag s the m st desirable match ; as the

’ I o ir atrick S ar e s bal a in the B order M instrels escrib a The preface t K kp h p l d, y, d es th t “ r av n ui wi the ear 1 c astle as an anc ient structue said to h e bee b lt bet xt y s 437 and n r I think this date is a erro . ’ 2 ii 0 2 81 B sin Hamilt n Pa ers S a Si i . 6 s o cot is Recor b Reg. M g. gn 4 5 , 5 , 5 p ( t h d pulica

Hist. AISS Commission 1 1 th R ort a art vi. 220 1 . . e tions) , ii. 1 55 . , p , pp. p , o f o io ra to o eldest the three heiresses p rt ners, the pee ge title went her, alth ugh

n f o o f o i o ne the la ds ell t be equally divided . Each the three girls bta ned f m third share o H oddo .

f o wn e t o Agnes Herries, the eldest sister, a peeress in her right, was a gr a matrimo nial prize in an age whic h had as keen an eye as the present fo r the “ ” w A t o o n n matrimo nial advantages o f tocher and title. gnes had pr mi e t — r n m n o f o a o . o f suito s bo th yo u g e rank, p wer, and mbiti n One them was ’ w f m e o so n o o . o the Earl o Arran s , L rd J hn Ha ilto n The th r was J hn Max ell,

o so n o f o b f o . o o r of sec nd R ert, the fi th L rd Maxwell When the l ng st y the

n n o f f e o ha s o ur stra ge woo i g Agnes o Herri s is t ld, we s ll, perhap , see way f into the heart o the mystery o f Repentance To wer.

w to n . The prospects o f the t o woo ers might appear us very u equal The ” a of o n o n to o n n marri ge the y u g lady bel ged the Cr w , and the Rege t,

ha f n wn s n d o e or o o n. exercisi g the Crown right, ch s n her husba d his What ho pe was there for the seco nd so n of a Dumfriesshire lord agai nst such a

a ' n o n a o fo not to n d riv l ? o u g J h M xwell, h wever, was a rce be lightly recko e

. f n a on o o en V with His ather had bee t ken pris er at S lway M ss, and H ry III . had striven hard by fair means and foul to get him bro ught o ver to the

n is o f a o n of — o o f E gl h view the gre t questi the day the questi n, namely, the

o f M f of o n . u marriage ary, the in ant queen Sc tla d By the cr el pressure o f

n o n to an o e Carlaverock to He ry, L rd Maxwell was i duced h d v r English

to o fo r few in I o . tro o ps 5 4 5 , but they were nly able h ld it a weeks That war- worn fo rtress co uld Ill endure an English garriso n ; so on the Regent

f the o f o n n resc ued it ro m the invader, and banner Sc tland was pla ted o its

n a n x 'o n h o r n battleme ts ag i . u g Maxwell all t r ugh this t yi g time had pro ved

f o r o man o f himsel an astute dipl matist, a wa y s ldier, and a determined will .

wn a e 2 of o a Even his o f ther despair d the attempt t persu de him to surrender

h n en a a o f Lo chmaben Castle to t e E glishm . The st te p pers the period sho w

f c o in o n that the officers o Henry VIII . re gnised this y u g Sco tsman an f 3 n i i o fno a o o . i div dual ty small c pacity , c urage, and rce

o n n e n s wen The great public questi e t red upo an acute pha e h Sco tland

‘ ' D iurnal o Occurrents 1 T er iii M D owall s Histor o D une f ies 2nd ed t f , 4 y l , . 39 ; y f / , . 1 89 .

2 - at a rs enr VIII R r bli tion 1 6 v. . St e P pe q y . ( eco d Pu ca ) , 534 4 , p 535 6 3 1 535. 539 . 543. po sitively refused to betro th her child- q ueen to the so n o f the bluff and over

M o f f r n o nar . eo ro o i h o bearing E glish m ch r ver, mighty p blems a t and g ve n

A in c an as n ed o f . w ment were i vo lv in the po litics the time large party S otl d

t n ws a n f e o e o tr a . attach d the E glish inter st, and the c un y divided ag i st itsel

K n r o w he d n s ar t o . i g Hen y died, but his p licy live o , o that was utco me — I n w - as os a a r o ur oo f o n l In 5 4 7 Pi kie l t black Saturd y fo p r acti riven and .

f ws t a rs s rn ou o f o w Whils ate thus adve e in the ea te c nties, the luck Sc tland as

no e t so . old h n e of an f a a and b t er in the uth The fig ti g steepl Ann , a ter gall nt “ o fe fo to o n ensell o fdef aunce a strenu us de nce was rced haul d w its p y at l st, f f 1 a t o n u o t f o o e . was c p ured and bl w p, but c vered i sel with gl ry be r it ell The

n s s o f o and n tan E glish made themselve master the wh le shire, the i habi ts “ e to n ua o f s u o - t s o e to b came, use the la g ge the time, a s red Sc ts hey w r

r f faithful service o fthe English ki ng and gave hostages in sec u ity o their oath .

o n w o es o as o n s o f Am gst th e assured Sc ts J h , Ma ter Maxwell, with ver

3 f l w 3 - o o . nd e o n e n n s i e l ers I e d , H li shed marks him as pre mi e t, ay ng that pledg s

” u s i l o v ed b t e ec a li fo r o x e . were deliver , p e J hn Ma w ll He, like the thers, ga e wh ho stages ; delivered to the English so me o f his yo unger relatives o were

f em liable to answer with their heads fo r the due o bservance o his engag ent .

o fo o o fo to o f n Sh uld he waver r m his w rd, sh uld he rget be a vassal E gland,

o u r - n at o - o re o t o sh uld nat re e awake in him the p ri t Sc t, he might ck n hat it w uld

wn t ed go hard with his yo ung kinsmen ho had go e o Carlisle as his pl ges, the securities fo r his oath .

- w as The assured Sco ts and the Englishmen were ill asso rted allies. There

wn r o r e n o o n and s no trust bet ee them . Va i us aids were mad i t Sc tla d, e pecially

4 o the ro s o f . o e as r o f into Gallo way . The Sc ts bo re red c s St Ge rg the live y

m d no t n wa b f sad s i ne . o o their e master, sym l sugge t ve ss It attere that a

' t m d 1 6 6 Ho ins ed sub anno Lesley D e On gine morions et rebus gestis Sco oru (e 75) 4 5 ; l h , ’ ’ A i 1 Patrick Anderso n s Histor MS. Advocates Librar . broat re rint i . 2 ) 1 547 ( r h p ) , , p 4 ; y ( y

i 1 0 Letter o tile E arl o Lennox and Lord Wharton date 1 6th Se temb er, 1 4 7. i . p. 5 ; f f , d p 5 D um ries Standard a rs E dward VI. 1 . V. 1 rinted in ce State P e , IRecord Ofi p , 5 47 p f “ L column N 0. c ix. Auld ang Syne ,

' ’ u lan 2 Nicolson Burn s History and A n tiquities ofWestmoreland and C mber d ' A rmstron s Liddesdale i. a x. . lxxiii. p . lv. B ruce g pp p

ttish C1 ”onicle Arbroat re rint u. 2 . 3 Holinshed, Sco ( h p ) 44

Pitscottie 1 81 0 . 4 Tytler, iii. 65 . ( 4) 43 9

n of nno e no t a Sco ttish no blema , the Earl Le x, was their lead r ; it mattered th t

n was of fo e and f a — no t in their submissio the result rc e r the spectacle was

wo f o r e o e the o a o spiring, it recall d rst d ys Sc ttish hist ry when the w etch d Bali l f a a fo r o e f s e e actio n pl yed its selfish g me p wer, wh n Dum ries hir was barter d

o o o f . eo o away fro m the Sco ttish cr wn . The red cr ss St G rge bet kened that

w a f n . not fo o n e o o St. Andre was m ment rily rsake But rg tte there w re a

a n a f nn o n tho us nd sig s th t the heart o Nithsdale and A andale was s u d, that their

w W o f as . o Scottish blood true Lennox and hart n, with y ur piebald army, hal

n and f o n o a ' o o o n E glish hal Sc tch , be o y ur gu rd Watch y ur Sc tch c nti gent

' n n h wm o ff o r o o f well ' e k o w ot o so o n they ay tear their b r wed badges

. o ea o o h and i o n St Ge rge, unsw r their ext rted at s, write themselves w th their l g

o oo n spear p ints in bl dy lettering, Sco tsmen agai .

IV — N T F AxWELL M . . A O JO N , M S ER

o f Fe I 8 a o n n e o In the end bruary, 5 4 , a gre t expediti was arra g d by Th mas,

o a t wh o w The a w . o as f L rd Wh r n, the English arden o the West March E rl o f Lenno x and he were to be met at Dumfries by the Master o f Maxwell and

all his n o f men . One autho rity dec lares that this i vasio n was the project the

o f h wIf wo . so Master Maxwell , had a private end in vie , it was a peculiarly

r k n c oo ed tur in his to rtuo us woo ing of Agnes of Herries . “ ” o a o f o o ne o f e n r e J hn, M ster Maxwell, wr te his desc nda ts, the He ri s “ f annalist It o to a al amily , br ther the Lord M xwell, was the speci man in this w wh o o . as t me in o f x of oe neg tiati n He , at this y suite the heretri Herries,

in o on n wu t to o ho o was kept pr tecti by the Gover r, had a my d marrie her his

o n so n o o s o f e o en a o f we , L rd J hn. The Ma ter Maxw ll, a y ung g tlem n great

faime o n o e to o f n fo r up the B rd r, w rk mischie to the Gover o r crossing him “ in his u a a w n s to a o t o s ite, git tes the busi e s, and brings it th t p ynt that th o usand ho rs ar appo ynted and conditio ned to meet the Earl o f Lenno x

and th e o Wharto un Li f r u W e vetenant o f s. o L rd , England, at D m rie hereup n

” del vers to the o Wh n he y L rd artou e fifteen young gentlemen pledges.

the o t o n o f ffa o n 2 2 nd F r 1 8 r Such was p si i a irs ebrua y, 5 4 , when Wha to n

and f o e . a n wn was foo ne e w Lenn x arriv d at Dum ries But alre dy a i trigue a t, a

1 Herries Alemoirs bbo tsfo rd lub 2 2 h r i ev (A C ) p. . The aut o s beli ed to have been John, the i e ghth Lo rd Herries. IO

o o f o e to C n n m ve p licy subtly schem d heckmate the E glish game . The ight

fo in the o fK in U e e o o f be re, chapel eir pp r Nithsdal , the y ung Master Maxwell x w o n o f Drumlanri ho had met by app intme t with his uncle, the laird g, ,

z o to o o c earn stli . o f acc rding a Sc ttish auth rity, delt veri e e with the Mr

x l to n o e to et Ma we l assist him against the E glish, and pr mis d g him the

of T rri l f r D rumlanri o n o f Heretrix e g es o his reward. g had the sancti the “ ” e ra fo r ro o o e o o no r 3 R gent Ar n this p p sal . The G v rn r, acco rding t a ther w iter,

' f n in ho w fl d n to M of Ma wl and o r the e ed y g the game lay, s t the aster x el ” o o ifh y ung lady t him e will cro ss again the invasion.

u n a o o do ? o e d It was a cr cial mome t. Wh t was y ung Maxwell t His w rd, ind e , w— : o f f o a as pledged mo st deeply pledged to England the lives fi teen h st ges,

o own n en n o n oo f . to be to m stly his ki sm , hu g his g d aith But true the

e n o f the e f to o r . li utena t English king, he must b alse his c unt y It was a

n a i n e him o f o stern alter ative. P trio t sm claimed him ; remi d d the pr verb that ill oaths are best kept by being broken ; demanded that he should go back upo n his wo rd urged upo n him a public duty stirred anew the pro ud

o ns of f e no w a o to traditi a amily that nev r, till , had tampered with tre s n the

o o h e n n e efo e Sc ttish cr wn, t at never had b e hand in hand with E glishm n b r ; n wf e to the or o f r f e ho o recall d his wavering heart mem y his g a d ath r , with ur

’ o f on F o n e t o he of n o n br thers, ell l dde field th n held o u t him t laurel a ati s

' r s o f ro flerin cl and o f the n o f g atitude ; la t all, p g a ear preci us gi t in ha d

f r n and ion e o d wri d . the much wish d , richly o e bride Lo ve, i terest, ambit

one wa . of o no the o o f swayed him the y His word h ur, and th ught his

o e o . e o f o n o a and h stages, sway d him the ther Issu s vast m me t, pers n l

o n o s f- and o nati nal, swung in the bala ce, but at last patri tism, el interest, l ve

4 ai . man n o f ur n g ned the day Being but a yo ung , says o e o an alists, the

’ ho pe o f so great a reward maid him to yeeld and to satisfie his uncle s ” des re. o in K h o o y He pr mised, the dusk at eir c apel, that he w uld cr ss ” again the invasio n ; that he wo uld be false to England and his oath ; that

’ - 1 a fM x ell s mot er was his sister. B oot: o Carlaven d a ula T M er o a w J mes Do g s. he st h f , i. 207 .

’ ' 9 A ate s Librar E dinbur /r It. fo . 1 1 Patrick nderson s History ( M S. Advoc y, g ) , 3.

- m irs 22 . 3 Herries M e o , p. 3 ’ Hist. II. 1 1 0. 4 Patrick Anderson s AIS. I I his po or yo ung ho stages must just take their chance ; that his fo llo wers wo uld suddenly and o penly revo lt ; and that he himselfwo uld lead the o nslaught o n

wn on o o n n l ho o e tho se Eng ishmen, , relyi g his h n ur and his b nd, were eve th marching up Dumfriesshire as his allies.

o f t o f s td F ar I 8 an of It were lo ng to tell the de ails 3 ebru y, 5 4 , d the

o as to not n e M o great treas n, Whar n u justly call d it, which axwell wr ught n wi n o rn o o that day . The E glishmen j u eyed rthward side by side th the Sc ttish

n o f Drumlanri co ntingent, till they reached Durisdeer. The e emy, the laird g

in and o i o o f n and his forces, were view, the c mb ned battali n E glishmen and

in n . the o n Sco ts ranged itself fighti g array But, at very beginning, Whart and Lenno x were sharply taught the lesso n o f Ancrum Moo r o ver agai n

an o f ithsdale nevermo re to trust in the assured Sco t . Maxwell d his band N

a o o n 2 a f o and Annandale spearmen w tched their pp rtu ity, bl ck lag was h isted

a o s o f o a o f as the sign l, and in a m ment the allie Whart n bec me the allies the “ ot ll h n inter r se to anui h enemy . The assured Sc s, t i king the p y be sure g

f r e c o ntr ved r o e o nli o ac to co nveyed o ther y pu p s , ppe e up n the field ere

Dus er ho sin a ensill o S r fo r o e o d e, y gup blak p up n a pea es po int a t ken, r v lted wll t l f l ho ie and jo ined them selves o the aird o Drum anrig and o ther there

c un ri m n betuix n f t men to o t e e , and thrust in the E glish horsemen and oo e , “ ” o f i th e o ne emo ral the great perrill distress ng as well as the o ther. This d ” the n fo : ised E glish rce it pat thame abak, pithily says a co ntempo rary 1 2 ' t n t diarist . e the result was o by any means a decisive defeat ; the English

o to f o o o i rallied, put the Sc ts light, and t k s me pr soners. The Maister o f

l 3 escha ed n of l fe fo r b Maxwe l p in great da ger his y , he ade sundrie speares

o n o n him in c hease as f a f br cke the he led way. The pro gress o the fi’ o o e ec tuall . expediti n, h wever, was y stayed Wharton and Lennox went back ’ t f an x o Carlisle aster th they came. Ma well s sudden change o f fro nt had

al o o emphatic ly cr ssed again the invasi n .

o r o Whart n, sma ting under this treacher us surprise, did not fo rget that

’ 1 Patric An erson s Hist. 1 1 lo 1 1 . . Ho inshe k d , 7 l d, 1 1 . 425 .

a D iurnal urren Occ ts . 6. The In m Qf , p 4 glis en passand to burne Drumlanrik, the thevis take airt wit th t e cot is and a a p h S p t th me abake, and sua thai pairtis come to the l ” aud style sgane.

’ P trick And r 3 a e son s fo . 1 1 Holins ed II. 2 7 ; h , 45 . 1 2

o f o the Maxwell had fo rfeited his pledge . The death the h stage was due

— The penalty o f broken faith a penalty which Wharto n bitterly exacted .

f o no t in o n number o the ho stages wh m he executed, is certa , as acc u ts

’ difier x o ne o not to r r o ut of , but auth r, likely exagge ate, decla es that the

“ o o f o f fifteen ho stages fo urteen were hanged . The bridegr o m the Heretrix

wd f r . o wo f Herries as paying early o his bride He had b ught her ith a price

’ — n bloo d his ki smen s lives.

fewo r to n in A days weeks later Maxwell sent Wharto a challenge to fight

n o o a te r an 3 si gle c mbat, t which the l t r retu ned instant and passio nate reply . “ ” u - o t in hot rec e ved o . Jo hn Maxwell, he bursts red wo rds, I have y y ur letter

f l l n r un wl n r i li 'e wr tt a s e a d t a t o no t tre o adv sed e y y call me a y l rd, which is ye

f n m i l — r wh but ifyo ucan ynd a y an o f ho no ur n that rea me the Go vernou o

u f r r kin f r — l wr t so o o b o o o o hath gevin y reward e y ur aithe, thers that w l y “ t in o n b m as to o f a e o me y ur quarrell, I shall a swer y the laws rm s, the

ouwh n f a o o o re ureth . to o ho o ur o this re lm , and my bl d q y But answer y is

r nd bath o n o f o uc o nsent d deathe o f pe jured , a br ke y ur aith whereby y y the

d l vered ou o a o n and so yo ur pledges e y by y , I think y ur tre s is such well

' u o wn th s ned the no o ro fle. o kno e that e ame y m re p But with y I w ll thus

rc f Kin es M a este end : that goo d it is ye axe God me ye and pardo n o the g j ,

o ur fo r o a o o n o u to o Sovereign Lo rd, that ab minable tre s n d e by y y ur dishonour4 who s blo od ( if yo udo not) have smarted and wo ll smarte and ” uth a n to an o e fo as o . o o o y chie cc i n Thus pr udly W rt , th ugh willing meet y

’ n a o n o f n n o no e en e n a t g ist u tar ished h ur, d clined Maxwell s chall g , heapi g insult

f n n f o o f no a ter i sult o him as a alse and perjured man, with wh m by law arms n l t ge t eman was bo und o fight .

’ 1 H l Histor 1 fo 1 1 8 o inshed, II. 246 ; Patrick A nderson s y, 1 . . ; Tytler, iii. 65 , 66.

2 H erries M m ir n an an f ed es. Onlie one e o s, p . 2 3. He i st tlie h ged fourteen o those pl g ” ca e Geor e Herreis o fT rrawchtie was s ir d b n u . ll d g e pa e , ei g too yo ng

State Pa ers o Henr VIIA 1 - 6 v is l tter is un ate and the 3 p f y , 534 4 , . p. 559 . Th e d d, i d v n ink h in nal idence is editor s dispose to refer it to the e e ts of 1 545 and 1 546. I th t e ter ev

nvi in t at it was wri ten i 1 8. co nc g h t n 54

4 I a l r L x n W ar on a 2 1 h Februar 1 8 R ecord O ce State n ette by enno a d h t , d ted 5 y, 54 ( fi “ ” r D u ries Standard ud Lan n Pa e s Scotland . e n A S e . E dward VI 1 8 rint i p , 5 4 ) p d mf , l g y “ co umn N o. cx. th M axwl s are denounce as avin traitorouslie s ewe t is t ar l , , e e l d h g h d h h ” falsheid to t ar dis ono r wo r d f r ev r h h l ly o e .

1 4

x w was o o f o u f s and a o pro priet r m st extensive lands in D m rie shire G ll ay ,

n Ho m amo gst them being the ddo estate.

As a o i not ro alre dy said, h wever, that d d include the pro perty ac ss the

a o n H d m t . river, the l nds which od o Castle and Repen ance bo th stand It

’ t fo ho wt e s n mus there re be explained he lands were acquired . Whe Maxwell s fa e o a win r 6 who w n as so o th r, L rd M x ell, died 54 he succeeded by his , R bert,

in 1 2 wn t o o o an f nf o died 5 5 , leaving s s, R bert d John . The o rmer i ant l rd

twa o o r o tw o o e s ld to r lived nly ye s, and his br ther, y ar o , succeeded the l dship — in r55 4 he being that Lo rd Maxwell d estined to fall in the fierce clan battle

f a wa 1 2 in o at r f nds r o o D esa . M x ell ga st J hnst ne y , Lockerbie, in 5 9 3 In 5 5 , W a of a f . then, the M ster Maxwell bec me the guardian o his nephews hen the

’ fo - a old o d r n t as i ur ye r R bert die , in 5 54, the u cle s ill acted the guard an ofthe

e o o n. rdle o a f succ ss r, J h He filled the public the L rd M xwell himsel wo uld have played had he not been a child : as guardian be exercised all the autho rity

e o n n to — o to b l gi g his young ward and this, be it remembered, in additi n the

’ f wn fe influence springing fro m his o wnership o flarge estates o his o in his wi s

3 w o n o f o f r en a o right. This wide rule he had o t ty ye rs, a p siti c mmanding

i f e ffo n a c o impo rtance n the public affairs o so uth rn Scotland, a rdi g mple s pe

o n o fo r the talents ofa highly able and ambitio us man . He was l g the Sc ttish

a o f o warden o f the West March . In all the o ffices and est tes L rd Maxwell

win e a o r f for e as o r s e o he th y tru tee, st w rd, act r his nephew ; in r ality, he ll wielded a the po wers as if lo rd himself.

— V H nn0M A T E. I. o C S L

’ o l our o Amo ngst the offices held by the successive L rds Maxwel , her s

4 r i w o f e of o o f T a ltro one. father and bro ther, that Baili the Precept ry was

na e o f o t o f ec e Jurisdictio ns like that, the ma g ment the temp rali ies cl siastical

o o o ie the bo dies, furnished the n bility with many pp rtunit s by which at

’ r A B ruce Armstron s Liddesdale i. A x. . xxxv. A letter of 1 6th pril, 1 548, printed in g , pp p l , x reward wit the do htcr and e r o f the Lo r Herr s fo r a wwe t o n M wel as says J h l ll y h g h y d y , ” “ M well o wh h count t to be ofas rete lan es as the Lord ax . that j rney, cc is y g d

2 k arlao k . 23 2 22 . B oo of C eroe , i , 3

- r 8. 3 B ook of Ca ter/erode, i. 497

r k i 1 . 4 B ook of Ca laveroc , . 75 IS

fo r f r l u Re rmatio n the Chu c h lands ell natu a ly enough into their cl tch . This wo l r m a o f r a ea as a o d ne usu l y by the inst u ent lity a real d cumenta y titlew, as pp rs to have been th e case with the passage o f the lands of Trailtro fro m the

r h n a fi B aili x Precepto y to t e acting represe t tive o ts e.

r an Trailtr whe e o th s o We a bo und t presume that e po wers d intere ts in , rit

’ r x n o n w f m e o ably vested in the Maxwell a ily, w e e ercised by Sir J h his ard s

f h o o o e a behal . Indeed, t e presumption is explicitly c rr b rat d by a st tement

ears f. o of Hoddo m made many y later by the ward himsel The l rdw, in the r o f of an to n r o n exe cise these rights his ward, had eye his o pe s nal i terests

his wn f n r o o u t c n as well. He o btai ed a cha ter in av ur, as an individ al, o a o si l o i Trailtrowi n fo t - l n - derab e p rt o n o f the lands of , ncludi g the r y shi li g lands

m no of Hoddo stan s. f w a c h e A e years later we k w by ch rter eviden e t at these ’ f lands had had a to wer and fo rtalice built upo n them . That that o rtalice was

Hoddo m Castle is manifest3 ( 1 ) because in a title- deed4 o f the lands o f Hoddo mstanes it appears that the mano r place o f H oddo m stoo d o n these

2 m in n nt n w lands ; ( ) because an old ap ( which there is o Repe a ce To er) “ ” sho ws the Castell o f Hoddo mstanes sitting where H oddo m Castle sits to - day ;5 and (3) bec ause Hoddo m Castle is so m etimes in legal and o ther

1 o nomen wic tra ition ave to the build It is interesting to remember the c g h h d g er o f

R e a his name. r o n M xwel a m R hn th f e ws Si a t entance. o e ei sa s n ws os e o p J , y l g d, J h wl pr f trowcertainl he act as ste ar on be a bably Bailie of the Preceptory o Trail ; y ed d h lf of the nd Trail wn Re a M axwfor ir int re in Annan a e a tro . o the if m be o n t ells the e sts d l J h y J h he — t fo r the warran in s l r Reif u i e in and fo and Reeve there is good Scots a thor y t p l g, Reeve '

- — ifl s ar . o n the Reif mi h t t erefore enote o n the and steward m n hail or tew eani g d J h g h d J h l a n f the functions ex rcise b ir o n Ma wll a b ri ion o e S x e by no me ns inco ceiva le desc pt d y J h .

9 a S n v 1 1 R eg. M g. ig , i . 23 .

ntrib on M w ir William Fraser who in his noble co uti to ax e histor the B k 3 S ll y, oo of r k i s t a Lord Herries built th ou o Ho d ni Ca lawroc . 68 tates t e se f d omsta s in A , 5 , h h nnan ” w v o i t at t is as the ori in l am f a dale, seems not to ha e n t ced h h g a n e o Hoddom C stle.

Retours Dumfries N o. 0 in 1 680 0 solidatis terrarum dc Trailtrowv 4 , . 3 4, . 4 ocatis ” d H ddom. Hoddomstanes. cum maneriei loco c o

’ ' s A lionb s P a t ofthe o osite borders ofSco tlan to the West Marc es o fE n land g y l t pp d h g ,

' n l tk a ofwi is iven in P roceedin s Me Soci t A ntr u ta /1 . uee E izabe c o c e ar [ p Q ] py h h g g of y of q icr, xx 1 1 wit a communicatio n b Sir Henr Ellis ated M a I n v l ii. 6 1 82 Lo don, o . p. , h y y , d y, 7. b ra am C E for the use o f his co of t is most am inde ted to M r. George G h , . . , py h interesting ’ H hill M emoirs as ow ma . T ere is a assa e in Sir ames M e vi of al s G e ition 1 1 p h p g J l l ( l g d , 75 , En man t o rawa ma u h mee n at Newcastle wit an is sen t ofth bo t is ti e p. 67) a g h gl h d p bo rders. Could this have been Aglionby? 1 6

l f r f fH n s. e o writings called the tower and o rtalice o oddomsta e I believe, ther e,

a H d m as o n o e ” e n th t od o C tle was built by J h , L rd H rries, b twee the years

1 60 55 0 and 1 5 .

V — TR AILTR W IL O BEACON . w N o t until abo ut 1 56 2 have I fo und any mentio n o f Repentance To er .

n n t whas ven o f o o But the height which it sta ds, and hich it gi the name

n an e f m o a i a o n a o . o o Repe t c Hill, had ro immem ri l t me been beac st ti n T p

as l graphically its po sitio n marked it o ut pec uliarly fo r that purpo se. E i y

i fo r n o and no no access ble, visible ma y miles, east, west, s uth, rth , and with

en and a in a ue to the height betwe it the So lw y, it was fitted uniq degree be

n o e n ai f n n h h fla e the nn n mai c nn cting li k in a ch n o sig al bo fires, w ic sh d up A a

n f f In a r o nfe n at a d the Nith the news o English o ray . g eat bo rder c re ce held

Lincluden 1 8 o f o e and r o in 44 , the beac n system was care ully c nsid red, the va i us

i na t i n an e e s g l s at o s fixed d ratified in accordance with ancient usag . It m it “ f n and in m o f wf ili irnin an is u din statut usit ty e er ar anentis ba s b g d

ke in fo r c umin o f n o ist in o n an br nt p g g ane I glis Sc tla d, ther sal e baill be y ” Tr il r 3 wh n t wS n i l u n nan o a o . o L nc hill bega the de Border Ordi ce, ich

1 a Si iv. 2 1 1 d nti H o m Reg. M g. g , 3 . 40 soli atas a q ui extentus earundem vocatas od e ” ’ us e n uri c t fortalicio e em R . M a u D s i anis cum t . vi n e ri t o st r j d , g g i. 29 5 . M onipe ic s c p of “ Scotland 1 6 1 2 re rinte in Collectanca Scotica Glas owvol i. 1 8 IIoddamistanis , , p d , g , . pp. 37 , , ” - wf R x wat to r o ne t standeth the ch e epentance. ’ a — T a he was the bui er is direct stated b vera w Tour i. 1 0 se rit rs P nan s h t ld ly y l e en t , 5 ; ’ ’ m aledonia iii. 1 1 Fr er s B ook Carlewk h e C as eroc i C al rs , 9 of , . 568. “ r Sc t i 1 — ul ex fth d 3 Acts Pa t. o . . 6 The f t t o e as a is as fo ws It m it is fun in . , 7 l p s ge llo e i t m o f we far anen b ail birni n l statut and us t in y e r tis is ng and heping for cuming ofanc I g is i in S o n r sal ane bai be r n o Trailt w Pan c st c tla d, the ll b y t n ro hill ; and ane uther on the ch i anc on the Bailze ill abone the Holmend o b n ast nat h ll ; h , is ; ane n the Co ldanis, a o e C el win in riv l uhitwc D isdail n m m e on a e o B k in A il h ylk ; Q , ; n the uranc S entoun, p gart th Brown i and e on e an n parochin an h ll ; c o the Bleisc , in the tenement o fWamfray anc on K ndillrnok in the enement of ohnestounc an o h llowill in M ofiet y , t J ; e n t e Ga h , arocbin : and s nc in N ddisdaill ane on the Wardlawon h un ane on p y y , ; e on Ra othto ; B lou ane on the Pantua ill ane on the Ma owill n an on ar ch ane on Corswin u c ; h ; l h ; to l on the fel a one the D owwerk and nd r b Crwfc l ane l anc on the W f l. A to e ; l ; atch el g ther ba is be e it and mai the Shircf of N ddisdaill and the stewart of Anandcrdaill l k p d y , d wof Kirkcudbri t in allowai o n the s e art ch G salbc dettour a d uasa k s n c t the a t , , is, n q b epi h u hean mai in t of lr l or inance and stat m werfar sal a fo rilk d f t a mer . ba ls d t d d y p y c al v e be and on e st o f I l m Item q uhate er h , ni ng is en cum in the cuntre the halis beand I7

o o to m o f or o l c ntained regulati ns relative the aintenance bales b nfire signa s,

w- f n h n f n o n e o o i t e o o a ll ch sen series he ghts, agai st c mi g o an E glish h st.

n f n n l e o f n e a . O o these li es war ing ran up Anna dale, the oth r up Nithsd e

n n l T rail w on tro o o to Repe ta ce Hi l, then called Hill, was ge graphically c mm

h will r ck f o h n f W r l h arl o b t . I ave see Repentance ro m the a d a in C ave , rom

br nt t at followis noc t on he o ist on ora or on fut ever abi i the In lismen be arsit of y h h t h q l g p Scot and and v ufii n wi n n of all t air uis salbc escheit and a l , t thai ha e s cie t t essi g thair h g d

t r is a e wd ll fo aim. e bod t th ar anis wi bot ift ai ave lauchfu excuse rt h y ll g h h h

T es various bea n st io are wit two or t r exce tions easi i enti ed. h e co at ns , h h ee p , ly d fi ’ 1 Trail rows 0 f abov v 2 P co i s mista e for Panthuat ( ) t i 35 eet e sea le el. ( ) anchnat, a py st k , nowPan f d R The Hailse hi 00 on h on fM u we tath eet t e c n o ouswa an . (4 ), fi es ld th ll (3) ll ’ f in Crawfor s Ma abon II lm dis is I in Bai ie bill eet e the o en , th k , that called the l (797 ) d p

D m r T wr. Coldanis is o f u friesshi e, in Dalton Parish near the ruins of Holmains o e (4)

C w u o Paris i wllin feet a reen o ens 0 f t n M n i win t o ub t e is Wh 6 ee i St. . w d ( 3 ) g h (5) Q (733 ) , g Browan c conical hill near Lockerbie. (6) Buranc Skentoun I have failed to identify. (7)

i l is B r wn Hill 8 1 t on ort ern boun ar of A e ar aris . 8 The Bleisc h l o ( 7 fee ), n h d y ppl g th p h ( ) , ’ l i r wr in m hra l nown b t at name : it was cal e Bleize i n C a fo s Wa aris s sti we p y p h, i ll l k y h l d h l d

M v l i Bl z il 8 6 t . K ndilk nok is Kinnelknock ap, the Ordnance Sur ey spe ls t a e h l ( 4 fee ) (9 ) y 0 will a M ffa 2 feet is a favourite 2 t o n n a 1 Th Ga o t o t 8 (55 fee ) , in J h sto e p rish. ( ) e ll h , ( 3 ) wal of th tors to t at s k e visi h pa. a on the ma s ows howwel v th A glance at the relative position of these pl ces p h l de ised e n w—h wframers of th Lincluden Ordin n wer n s s m of Anna a e as o we the e a ce e beaco y te d l ll

versed in their topography. — The Nithsdale beacon stations are not so easily identifiable as those of Annandale at

I v wit near a fof em. least ha e failed h ly h l th

- r wn bov v w1 f is th oo c o e i a e Carla erock a t 2 1 1 Th ar a eet e w C s e. 1 ( ) e W dl (3 3 ), d d h ll l ( ) zz n da owver ru R wa on an unso ve u e O e e st c b th nob ab othtoun s l g l d p l . y, h , k y e ly

x v v ewfrom th ill at Trohouhton 1 2 feet not far from D umfries on the roa o e tensi e i e b g (3 ) , d t wa v r at r misr n T o ar v r k I thou me t at Rahothtoun as e n ua eadi of roh uhto C la e oc , be ght h y l g g n m mm in osition and i m i ne in r in some early spelling. Fro its co and g p ts ent on xt o der to

dlawIam uit tis t at this i enti ca ion is correct. 1 Barlouch is n h War e sa e owt , q fi d h d fi t ( 3) e bill 80 f et of Bar out on the eastern con nes of Torthowald aris and Beacon ( 3 e ) l h, fi p h, over n 1 P a na i I ake to be he am ei t as 2 k i Loc mabe . a b t s e N o. su ra v loo ng h ( 4) t ll t h gh p , ia , ill wic in as it were the unction oin of Nit s a e and n a h b be A n Pant t , h h g j p t h d l andale, fell n l s 1 M alowhill av no nti 1 n tura l enou i to bot i ts. I e t i e ed 6 Corswint u a l y gh h ( 5) h d fi . ( ) o n r c n w r a Corswincoun is Corsincon o Coraan o e feet in N e Cumnoc aris on ( e d ) ), k p h, he bord r i re and Dum ire 1 Crwf s rufell t t e l ne of Ayrshi friessh . ( 7) ell i C fee ), in u wlwrk u r San ar r 1 8 f ll b the D o e I not ite sue of q h pa ish. ( ) Th e e a one am q , though sus ec i win T r uer r s in the t I t to ave b een a i near D o lar o c a i S ewartr p t h h ll g q p h, y of ir cu bri h D w D owl r t. o la Re a Si ii. 8 a ro ximat wk r r sec . M i es e in K k d g g ( g g. g. , 9 9 ) pp p o nun 1 f elation. ( 9) The Watch ell I canno t even guess at. 1 8

- n wllin Pantath o n o n s o f o a d wf uhit o o the hill, the c fine M uswald Ruth ell r m Q near Lo ckerbie : I have dimly traced its place fro m the B leize Hill o f Wam

f ne phray and all these co nversely I have seen ro m Repentance Hill . O

n n n w summer day I plai ly saw Repe ta ce To er from Holmc o ltram in Cumber

a n a o o . n o f l nd, ma y miles aw y acr ss the S lway This width and dista ce visibility

n n a o f n n a o o n cr explai s the u ique v lue Repe ta ce as a be c n stati , making its esset “ wn f and n n e o n n f o the chie i dispe sabl am ngst the twi kli g po ints o fire hich,

n f l n n o f N emerge cy o o d, lit up the night and war ed the sturdy spearsme ith f and Arman to gather to the ray .

— E ENTAN W O . VIII . R P CE T ER There emerges in reco rd no indic atio n o f the existence o f wil ' w ra r a atch to er o n T t o u before the second half of the — 1 6th century probably about

1 6 2 n no t 5 , and certai ly much

earlier. At that time regula

t o e o i ns were mad , pr bably by Jo hn Maxwell Lo rd Herries

e f to the hims l , relative war

denr o f c y the West Mar h, and for the pro tection o f the

o e e Sc ttish bo rd r. In th se regulatio ns' an extremely ia teresting reference is made to

e the to w r. The keeper o f Hoddo m

l was Cast e entrusted with

RIPB N T AI CI TOWER F ROM 7 11 3 “ ST . n sundry duties, o e of the “ i njunctio ns to him being that he assuredlie take heed that the Watch

8 re wn f e T e ere o owers at an o the ot er b con statio ns. bserv a ea O t the w h t y h th ording on TrailtrowHi l sa not in abou a turre l ys h g t t. ’ 9 » 1 0 1 - N icolao n s Logos M arc/norm , 7 5, p. 35 6. I9

f in m l r wb kee ed o . t e of ho use of Trai t o e p be the watch there And the y

B eaken e e i and e Warfare the , as is devis d, that is ev r in We r in Peac , the

k d in o e and beaken Watch to be eepe the h us heid, in the weir the in the firepan be keeped and never fail] burning so lo ng as the Englishmen remain

in o l n to th e of fir an a l Sc t a d, and with ane bell, be at head the ep , which sh l w f n r o r n in ring he ever the ay is, that the watchma see g the thieves dis

n o o the e o f rm n o r o no o bedie t c me ver wat r A a d thereab ut, and k wes them “ e o o e fra f o r s n to be enemi s . And wh s ever byd s the ray turn agai so lo ng as

k n o r n o n the b ea e burns the bell ri gs, shall be h lde as partakers to the

n e trato rs to o f Sh re o n ane e emy, and us d as the Head Burgh the y up

and af i o e K Court day, there ter int mati n mad in the Parish irk and published

n a in en of the o fra n on a e Sund y pres ce pe ple, and the cefo rth to be used as ” n as a fugitive and diso bedient perso .

’ in o e the o n o f fine l Stirr g n s heart like s u d a trumpet, that o d bit of Border l wf h e n o e — fTr l w a or t e o ai tro , first tim , bri gs Repentance T w r the Watchh use o — a o f i o r . it o e w into th e d ylight h st y This d es at a tim when e kno w that

o n oo o o f o n o r oo to the site which it st d was the pr perty J hn Maxwell the , s n

o r i n no man en of the be, L rd Her ies ; at a t me whe that ble was Ward West

a n in and o for n a n ffi n March , peculi rly i terested resp nsible mai t ini g e cie t the

e of a on n to o Border syst m be c sig als ; at a time, , when he had his chief

en e in e e e a o f o d m resid c , clo se beside it, his r cently r cted c stle H d o .

r o n on o f the o f Trailtrowe in The t aditi that the st es chapel w re used

n of Ho ddom o t n nan buildi g the castle , may be th ught o receive so me co u te ce

f of a en o fro m the act the castle h ving be riginally named Hoddo mstanes.

o o o . w il r no o o Tr wstan o a t o es That, h wever, is c rr b rati n Had the rd been the

a en ffe n o f to o n e an case might h ve be di re t, alth ugh it is di ficult c c ive that y n m o a o n e. man w uld, under such circumsta ces, h ve ad pted such a a Mo re o v it so n to h en f n er, is very u usual c rist a place a ter its buildi g materials, that it is almost impo ssible to believe that the name had anything whatever to do

on o o e. The e to no e with the st es which c mp sed the castl nam , it is be t d ,

r no t o f o f e an 1 and is prima ily that the castle, but “l ds ; there is much f in a a n wf the o a o o as o a easibility suggesti n th t, p ssibly, ver g i st them a rd ble

o f the rman e n o ne of o o n f passage A riv r, the steppi g st s which w uld acc u t o r

1 R e M a Si 1 1 g. g. g , iv. 83 . 2 0

h B a is ele to to a - n m as t e n . e as o e e ame th t it may, it h p ss app al the pl c a e i n w an en e fo r the a o of . is o nd n o e y evid c tr diti n sacr lege It , t ithsta i g, p ssibl

n h n h n c a e o f Trailtro wn to a n e o ugh that t e sto es o f t e rui ed h p l we t the m ki g o f H oddo m Castle ; it is more likely that they helped to build Repentance

w n e no o e to o o . T w r, hich this h ur is surr u d d by the churchyard There is T wn he o o e direct evidence o n the matter. s le it ess wh s testimo ny has survived

f T il r wf to o ur a i M enz is o o ra t o who d e y was Arch bald , the Precept r himsel , , in r t o f 1 e t a o e and o ak en a cha ter 5 74, expr ssly s ated th t r bb rs trait rs had t

n f e n o f h a an a had ff o f po ssessio o c rtai t e l nds, d th t they su ered the church w b Tr l r to e e a o o ai t o be utterly d stroyed. This may accepted as bs lute auth rity for the pro po sitio n that abo ut the time when Repentance To wer is believed to

e n n r n a f h T il ro wa e o o o t e o f ra t have b built , e r, the site chapel , the ch pel

een e o e — a o m o if o e had b utterly d str y d c nte p raneity which, it pr ves littl ,

suggests a good deal . w 2 o In 1 5 70 during an English inroad the to er was injured . L rd Herries

n fo r t to n ofthe a h o to e and havi g ceased the ime be warde M rc , had s ld the w r

ro n to n wh man g und adjace t his ephew, Lord Maxwell, o had then reached

oo . n f to o o n n to h d Eve a ter he had ceased be its pr priet r, it is i teresti g o bserve his so licitude fo r its repair and maintenance as a part o f the system

f e e 1 8 n and o f bo rder de ence . Th r was a bitter co ntest in 5 7 betwee him his

f in e n fw n e fo r o offi the c o o eph w the wardenship the March , an ce xe uti hich

a n t f and e the l tter had o been as success ul as his uncle pred cesso r. The

rivals laid their several sc hemes fo r border- rule before the Scots Privy Council

i the o f o n that year . In pr po sals o L rd Herries there o ccurs the fo llowi ng passage 3 o fgreat histo rical value

1 R e . M a . Si iv. 2 1 1 . The narrative of t is documen is as fo owia g g g , 3 h t ll s Q u en rrar m ub sc ri tarum i e t n u en tes te u s . he ten usbandla s ofTrailtrown r v t p [ h d , de reser ation “ ’ to Lord Hem es ofthe 40 shillingland ofHo ddomestanis] non solum per predones et patrie traditores occisi ct spo liati fuerant verum etiam eorum nxores ct proles vi expulsi ct predones saltem corum proles et successores tunc fuc runt recuperatores dictarum terrarum m Trail r w q ui ecclesia dc t o penitus dirui passi sunt et glcbam ejusdem invito dicto t ” Archibaldo occupaverun .

2 En is at th same im b wu it o e s he e e e wwr h T t e cas f odd m He e gl h t l p h p d tle o H o . rri

M emoirs 1 2 . , p. 7

Re . Priv Council iii. 81 B ook Carlaverock 1 1 . 86 . 3 g y , of , 4

2 2

o a l s of Ward ark a o s nce fro It is pr b ble that the and p , sh rt di ta m the tower,

r i fo a o o t i t and t f de ive the r name r m their ss ciati n wi h t, that hey o rmed the

l n as of offi wh o o n husband a d held a perquisite ce by the trew man, the “ ” - w o a r h use head in war and pe ce kept watch and a d alway .

s o 1 8 n a f c f With the discus i n in 5 7 e ds the milit ry history o Repentan e . O

’ old to o a r ne Its the hill, in later times the wer, was Sc tl nd s t usty senti l.

o r fir n k in w sse e a a as o of fr cre t, p , indling the d rkness, the fiery cr ss Dum ies

- fi shire . But the time was at hand when the beaco n re and the bell were

n o n r needed o lo nger t annou ce with flame and clang that danger was nea .

a o to o The g unt turret has l ng ceased be a co mbatant, but as an ho n ured

e an and o n t . is o v ter , still hale hearty, it remains its appo in ed spo t It a st ried

o f far o ff and n fo a n and o o ro mantic emblem times thi gs , r m which the p i s rr w

o o o r . ss have passed away, leaving nly a pr ud mem y behind May succe ive

f r H oddo m n of . lairds o f , until the millennium , be as te der its ab ic as Mr

oo n is. fo r if its or Edward Br k has bee , and As well he might, , st y is here

no tr co a o f a e o f interpreted aright, s ucture in S tl nd is more elo quent the v lu

n f wns n m n on a d e e or s so so r . traditi , hri e em ie huma and t agic

' - M ' AN D wr rr R I . o c ws o . SU MA C

Remember that there is no appearance in Sco ttish records of Repentance

f 1 6th n u o To wer until after the middle o the ce t ry. Remember that J hn

l r e ec o f o f Maxwel , afterwards Lo rd Her i s, was the dir t cause the hanging

i o a i n f- i r on fo urteen of h s bl od rel t o s. Remember that sel nterest and pe s al i w o o f rfid ous on t fe ambitio n were at the bo tt m his pe acti , and hat men ever had “ n f mo re need to axe Go d mercie than he . Remember that he was Warde o

wn e o as to o r . the West March, wh se duty it mai tain the b ac n se vice Remember

h - o and o fo r o o that Repentance was a watc h use beac n turret built that s le purp se,

be m an as its structure shows . Remem r that at the time which any circumst ces

o f its r o was o o f n i ndicate as the date e ecti n, he pr prietor the site o which it

ze for its ai and ain n and f stands. Remember his al rep r m tena ce, the act that

“ x Reto urs Dumfries N o 26 a re our in 1 66 escribes 0 solidat s terrarum In the , , . 5, t 9 d , 4 i “ m e vocata lie Wair d Hoddam n a dc Hoddamestanes cumpccia te d c esta es co ntigue adj cente. “ ” m ar also N os. 1 6 in 1 6 and 2 in 1 688 wic res ec ive it Wards and Co p e 3 37 3 5 h h p t ly call

Waird. 2 3

f ll it appears to have been called Repentanc e ro m the first. Remember the

— wii o of a grim traditio n which overshado ws its walls the e d st ry unchiv lro us

f n h wn af o r n o o n o slaughter of de enceless pris e s . The remember p i t ter po i t f

a r o n r r o n in f - o of the v rying t aditi n fi ds st iking illust ati the li e hist ry this man,

n wh h s f o se o of e o er o a s the riend and c u ll r Q u en Mary, led h r emen at L ng ide,

who was esc o o o fl o n her rt and pr tect r in her ight, her adv cate whe she was the — priso ner o f Elizabeth o ne o f the mo st singular and forceful figures o f th e

1 6 h —a o o n and o 2 o f o f t century B rder baro n, p liticia , c urtier, but a st rm ul

o a and co m a r spirit, b rn to thre ten mand, yet having in his nature st ange

n of o o 3 strai religio us em ti nal intensity .

e o to scarc i e o i When all this is rem mbered, it p ints a ely resist bl c nclus on

’ on ft wor s ofLord Herries . sura. M a S ita i o he n s f n ee c t d , p 359 p In Po t p o A nandale, ’ ” ma abo 1 608 and ublis in B a s Atlas i a ars R de ut , p hed l eu , t ppe as the Tour of epentance.

a Th f win mixe testimon to his c aracter occurs in a e ter date 20th Auu e o llo g d y h l t , d g st, m ir Nic o as T morton t ir Wil iam Ceci and rinte in refa 1 567, fro S h l hrog o S l l, p d p ce to ’ m r Herries Ale oi s, p. x L rr s a th nn n rsl and th wsest o th h ll H co ho cache f e wo fa The ord e ye y e y ge e y e ction, r bod but as the q ueue of Sc otland sayethe of bym, the e ya no ye can be sure ofbym. He

t ear l an e. We ave o a n to ww kethc easure o b e a l the worlde in cc s o be e l ar of ta pl h d h y l e r wr m mb r an us wen he del ver d Duafr lav b m Si o e e e howb e e se Car k y . , y e h dl d h y y , ero e, and the Harmitagc into our handes : he made us beleave all should be ours to the Fyrthc ; and wen h b t h he he e to c ase us awa I am e trust m es ow e sur we e e o v h d y , lp d h y y uha e not fo n H a o s own untr mcn he noo ed t rgotte . eere m ngcst hy e co ey ys t o be the most cantalous ' man of nat o ma owto rememb er h flred h his n. It e su s own y y lyk y y e hostages, the h a v d ar h n x u hostages oft e L rd ofLoughan er an G lcs, ys e te eighbourcs and frendes, to be n fo r m b hi T is muc s a f h ha ged r p o esse b ro ken y m. h he I pe ke o ym because he ys the k u ow ly elyest and mooat dangerous man to incha nte y .

3 Let the fo owin not in th B ook Carlaverock bear wi ness ll g e e of t “ As a memoria of Lo r Herri no ma b ta n o f an ld m l d es, tice y e ke o anusc ript vo lume o f “ cts ofth Par iaments of Scotland no win t ibr r of ir conn b A e he a e wi l , l y K k ll, h ch ears on the fo owin insc ri ion win i i i first eaf the s e t a t wa or n h L l ll g pt h g h t s g ally t e pro perty of ord

Herries. “ nn r Herr is wit m an aeir 06 Joh a Lo d c , h y h d the God ane thousand tyve hundreth

foursc oir and anc zeir So be it amen. In nomine D omini nostri esuCk . , j risti crucifixi “ urca ui me redefnit suo recioso san uine i se nee re ret benedicat custodiae f q p g , p g confi n net in omui bono o ere kodie et uotidie et ost kanc miseram vitafn erducat me in ita p q p p v »: etematn. Loo uon me O m Lord et I av on an t n t at n k p , y g h e d e y hy g h is ocht rycht in the eies mercie for us C k i Car k ofth es r st ere aones. B oo laveroc y J h y thy d f , i. 568. He a ears to ave chan e his re i i u v E o views se era times. arl pp h g d l g s l y in life he favoured n s f n n f n based firmly o histo ry, but at the same time atis yi g and dig i yi g

— o o no t o n a traditio n that this man built this t wer as a mem rial, , as traditi s id,

n o rs o n o f o o o fthe E glish pris ne he dr w ed, but the Sc ttish h stages, his kinsmen,

n o o e who m he sacrificed. With a burde ed c nscience he did as Whart n bad “ an God e . re o se oo r him , d asked m rcy His m r t k a practical tu n and a

fo not an o f n and o e patrio tic rm . It was age church buildi g, he ch s , as his

t a o o to in f n symbo l o fthe wish o expi te his crime, a beac n t wer aid the de e ce

in o afe all the rea o he een o fthat country, wh se service, t r , g t wr ng did had b

n d o e .

He sat him on Repentance hicht,

And owere n rm the a gl d p se ,

and determined that he wo uld do penance m sto ne by the erectio n of a

a n be co turret there . D Such a structure wo uld serve not o ne but several purposes. esigned to

u n o n fo and m n in n n e sec re as had never bee d e be re, the due per a ent ma te a c i n n f o fan effective watch at a cruc al po i t, a d to place the signal system o the

o n v o o f o f West March a astly impr ved basis, it was a b rder sa eguard large

was a l to of nation l utility . It at the same time especia ly calculated be assist

o f as a to his a ance in the first place t himsel W rden, and successors in th t

fo n o . in e anxio us oflice. There was there re shrewd ess in the ch ice A m d l ss

n h o f keenly practical tha his might ave ado pted s me other o rm o f mem orial .

o n That which he cho se was fitted to attain b th a public and a private e d. n t His emo tion and his patriotism fou d vo ice to ge h er.

w a as o n o w u n In due course the to wer c str cted, be ring its do o r ay explicit i witness to the inspiring mo tive o f its erect o n . It was the mo nument

’ r a i o n e o f that proud man s bitterest reg et . C rv ng ab ve the li t l the ” w R e entenc e not o n o f o nf his wo rd, p , did he his br ken aith and c ess

? no t so o a o i o n tragic erro r Did he , d ing, cl im that pard n which rel gi

i timate ac uaintance of o n no La wone w x r s and as an n . te he as oft e the Reformcr , q J h K h

n and Roman Cat olic art . He ie a Pro estan B chiefs of the M aria h p y d d t t. The ook of ‘ ' - and M D owall s Histor o D un fies 2 d - k i 0 nd c . . 2 6 2 Carlaveroc ( . 49 7 57 ) y f g/ ( , pp 3 49 ) deal wit man oin s in his varie career. h y p t d 2 5 teaches repentance alo ne can earn wDid he not also thus seek to appease the u nquiet spirits o ftho se hostages ho se yo u ng and innocent bloo d ro se to n if h h wn n n not e ad o n h heave , accusi g less terribly tha strangled with his a d

who fo r o o o h o n on the victims, his dish n ured pr mise were hanged by W art

b e ? o ns o Hari e And still the gaunt t wer stands, trebly attested by i cripti n ,

an e n o of e traditio n, d r co rd, as a meme t his gr at remorse.

Repentance signal ofmy hale as in stane Built of the l t g , th 'e lang shall tell e bluidy tale.

When I am deid and gane. WOR K B ' T E TH R S H E SA M A U O .

T R I A L B' CO M B AT .

We have not seen a more scholarly and interesting piec e . o f ” es —Lawurt r i o a e l R ew w rk th e many days . Q y ev .

PE R LIN E A M VA LLI : n wa um n c h n the A e rg e t to u i g

E a hen R be ween T ne and So lw rt ampart t y ay.

A t o f oo r n so n . remarkable ins ance g d, clear, t encha t rea ni g

' At/mza am.

W 26 T WE TREET : . . GLASGO WILLIAM HODGE CO , BO H LL S

s m an n and d va n An en u n o the PE E L It e i g e ri tio . q iry i t

a l h s o r o f the m no wa l d to man Bo de e r y i t y ter pp ie y r r

we s. to r

nd- Pa r Limited to 1 2 co ies. Swall 10 10 exlra n ba made e . 0 0 “ Pri ted on p p 4 , ,

lt o . ri 3 Gi T p P ce, 4 .

e eilso n o n n fa We may co ngratulat Mr. N havi g irly pro ved his

H istor al R i w. E n lis/e ic ev e po i nt . g

: . H E E E EDIN BURGH GEORGE P JO NSTON, 33 G ORGE STR T.