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The Copyright of This Thesis Rests with the Author. No Quotation from It

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The Copyright of This Thesis Rests with the Author. No Quotation from It The Distribution of Pre-Norman Sculpture in South-West Scotland: provenance, ornament and regional groups in four volumes Volume 2 Derek Johnston Craig Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Durham Department of Archaeology 1992 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. -2 JUL 1993 CONTENTS Volume 2 Table of Contents 1 List of Tables 2 List of Figures 3 Dumfries 4 List of Sculpture in Dumfries 6 Catalogue and Gazetteer 8 HODDOM 128 Introduction 129 Evidence for Discovery 132 Evidence for Loss and Present Position 142 A Critique of the Recorded Evidence 146 Measurements 153 An unprovenanced cross-arm in the Royal Museum 161 of Scotland Archaeology 166 Provenance 175 Historical, Territorial, and Administrative 180 HODDOM Descriptions 192 Kirkcudbright 268 List of Sculpture in Kirkcudbright 270 Catalogue and Gazetteer 271 1 LIST OF TABLES Volume 2 page HODDOM - Earliest Recorded Position: 18. A. Knockhill summer-house 141 HODDOM - Measurements: 19. A. Hoddom churchyard 158 20. B. Knockhill summer-house 159 HODDOM - Earliest Recorded Position: 21. B. Hoddom medieval churchyard 174 22. C. Hoddomcross 17th-century church 174 23. ARDWALL ISLE - Evidence for Discovery 276 2 LIST OF FIGURES Volume 2 page 33. Index of sites with sculpture in Dumfries 5 34. BOATFORD 1 - Riddell's 1793 drawing of the cross on Boatford farm, near Nith bridge, Thornhill 21 35. WAMPHRAY - Sketch of the visible part of Face C 120 36. HODDOM - Location of sites in the Hoddom area 131 37. HODDOM - Reconstruction of the layout of the sculpture visible in the walls of Knockhill summer-house before its demolition in 1915 AA% 38. HODDOM - Some possible identifications of the lands in S.W. Scotland listed in the Inquisitio of David as former possessions of the Church of Glasgow 183 39. HODDOM - Roman inscriptions (after Collingwood & Wright) 267 40. Index of sites with sculpture in Kirkcudbright 269 41. ARDWALL ISLE - Evidence for Discovery: showing the distribution of sculpture and graves, and the limits of excavation (after Thomas 1967a) 275 3 DUMFRI ES 4 Fig. 33 ••• • • • I U) • u a us A 0a A 0 • A go tO 0. • •0 .0 z N . 0 0. 0 1 .1. .0 1 • a In 14 % o-o / • ••• M,. •••I • , " ". • • . .. , 1 S •.... .-I • • 0 rI 1 • • • • 0 0 5 List of Sculpture in Dumfries 8 APPLEGARTH 10 AUCHINLECK MOOR 12 BOATFORD 1 (Thornhill / Nith Bridge) 25 BOATFORD 2 26 CLEUCH 28 CLOSEBURN 1 37 CLOSEBURN 2 39 DALGARNOCK 40 DRUMCORK (Morton) 43 DURRISDEER 47 FOREGIRTH (Friars Carse, see LAUCHMOOR) 50 GLENCAIRN 1 54 GLENCAIRN 2 (Kirkland) 55 'GRIERSOM MUSEUM' (Hastings Hall, Moniave, see STROANFREGGAN 1, Kirkcudbright) (HODDOM 1-65, see below) 58 HODDOMCROSS 61 KIRKCONNEL 1-7 62 KIRKCONNEL 1 64 KIRKCONNEL 2 66 KIRKCONNEL 3 67 KIRKCONNEL 4 68 KIRKCONNEL 5 70 KIRKCONNEL 6 72 KIRKCONNEL 7 74 KIRKCONNEL 8 (Kirkland of Glencairn, see GLENCAIRN 2) (Knockhill, see HODDOM 1-21) 78 LAUCHMOOR (Friars Carse) 80 LUCE (Morton, see DRUMCORK) 82 MOSSKNOW (Nith Bridge, see BOATFORD 1) 86 ORCHARD 89 PENPONT 1 91 PENPONT 2 93 PENPONT 3 94 RUTHWELL 1 104 RUTHWELL 2 106 RUTHWELL 3 108 RUTHWELL 4 110 SANQUHAR 1 111 SANQUHAR 2 112 STAPLEGORDON (Thornhill, see BOATFORD 1) 115 UPPER BOATFORD 117 WAMPHRAY 126 WAUCHOPE (Woodlea, see AUCHENSHINNOCH, Kirkcudbright) 198 HODDOM la/lb 202 HODDOM 1c/id 206 HODDOM 2 209 HODDOM 3a 211 HODDOM 3b 212 HODDOM 3c 214 HODDOM 3d 216 HODDOM 4 218 HODDOM 5 220 HODDOM 6 221 HODDOM 7 222 HODDOM 8 223 HODDOM 9 224 HODDOM 10 225 HODDOM 11 226 HODDOM 12 227 HODDOM 13 228 HODDOM 14 229 HODDOM 15 230 HUNK 16 231 HODDOM 17 232 HODDOM 18 233 HODDOM 19 234 HODDOM 20 235 HODDOM 21 236 HODDOM 22 243 HODDOM 23 246 HODDOM 24a/b 249 HODDOM 25 251 HODDOM 26 252 HODDOM 27 253 HODDOM 28a1b 255 HODDOM 29 257 HODDOM 30 259 HODDOM 31 260 HODDOM 32 264 HODDOM 33-65 7 APP LEGARTH NY 1048 8404 Annandale and Eskdale District Applegarth parish Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway Region "small portion of carved stone" Measurements: Unobtainable. Evidence for Discovery and Description: There is an entry in the New Statistical Account which reads: "Till within these few years, the traces were visible of the foundations of a large oblong building on the moat of Applegarth, now forming part of the minister's garden ... In trenching the moat for garden ground a few rough squared blocks of red sandstone were dug up ... A small portion of carved stone was found at the same time, and is now in the minister's possession, in appearence part of one of those ornamental stone crosses which in former times were the usual appendages of Romish churches, and many of which are now to be seen still standing in front of ancient monasteries in the Highlands and Hebrides" (Dunbar 1845, 183). R.C. Reid subsequently argued from a documentary reference that there had been an early monastery at Applegarth, and he used this reported stone to support his thesis. However, what he deduced about it is untenable: "The NSA records that a small portion of carved stone was found resembling 'one of those ornamental stone crosses which in former times were the usual appendages of Romish churches'. But the stone has disappeared. All we can surmise is that it was an Anglian cross of the 10th to 12th century (sic.). It is proof (sic.) that an Anglian church was once at Applegarth, but cannot be proof of an Anglian monastery there. The monastery may have been of earlier date. 1 a recollection of a Celtic monastery ..." (Reid 1956-57, 15). 8 APPLEGARTH Reid contributed a great deal of documentary research to the history of Dumfries and Galloway, but this particular argument is worthless. There is no evidence for the date of this stone, which was already lost when Reid wrote about it. 1. Reid's remarks about the carved stone have subsequently misled Cowan (Cowan 1961, 45; Cowan & Easson 1976, 52) and Gregson (1983, 66, 74) into overestimating the evidence for an early foundation at Applegarth. Gregson therefore sees Applegarth as the mother church for Drysdale, Lochmaben, Hutton and Carrie, Moffat, Wamphray, Johnstone, and Kirkpatrick-Juxta, which seriously undermines her reconstruction of the territorial organisation of Annandale. Present Location: Unknown. Dunbar 1845, 183 NMRS/OS Record Card NY 18 SW 2 Reid 1926-28, 159 Reid 1956-57, 15 Gregson 1983. 74 9 AUCHINLECK MOOR C. NX 95 97 ? Closeburn parish Nithsdale District Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway Region "cross" Measurements: Unobtainable. Evidence for Discovery and Description: "Within memory of man a cross stood in the village of Penpont, at Upper Boatford, at Drumcork, at Lauchmoor, and at Auchinleck moor, near Locherben". This passage occurs in Volume VII of the Robert Riddell manuscript collection now in the Royal Museum of Scotland (RMS/SAS MS 585, p. 77). It comes from a section titled 'A Tour in Nithsdale 1787 Part First'. Riddell made a collection of local antiquities in the grounds of his house at Friars Carse in Lower Nithsdale. The crosses from Drumcork and Lauchmoor formed part of this collection, but those from Penpont, Upper Boatford and Auchinleck Moor appear to be lost. Auchinleck (now Townhead, NX 915 986) lay 2.5 km to the N.E. of the former site of Morton parish church (see W. Crawford's map, 1804). This is therefore possibly one of the two crosses "upon Morton Muir" mentioned previously in the late 17th / early 18th century by the Rev. Peter Rae: "... the one of them is lying entire upon the ground but only the head of the other" (King Hewison 1926-27, 22; id. 1935, 57) - see under DRUMCORK. But Locherben, NX 957 971, is 4.5 km to the E. of Townhead, so the location given by Riddell is very imprecise. There is no evidence for the date of this stone, which, like the Lauchmoor cross, may have been medieval. Present Location: Unknown. 10 AUCHINLECK MOOR RMS/SAS MS 584, p. 145 RMS/SAS MS 585, p. 77 King Hewison 1926-27, 22 King Hewison 1935, 57 11 NX 8689 9546 BOATFORD 1 1 (Thornhill / Nith Bridge) Penpont parish Nithsdale District Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway Region shaft and part of head of cross Plates 1 a-b 2 a-b H. 275+ 3 a-d W. 44 > 30 4 a-c D. 24 > 14 . 5 a-d 6 a-b Description: At the top, remains of cross-head, possibly of type D.9, with top and side arms broken but the lower arm double-cusped. Below this the oblong shaft expands towards the foot of the stone on all four faces. At ground level the shaft is set in a sunken stone base [Plate 7a]. A. (E. face. broad) [Plate la] This is the least weathered face of the stone and the decoration survives in both the upper and lower 2 parts of the shaft. In the centre of the cross-head is a 13-petalled rosette. 24 cm in diameter, carved in modelled technique with a central roundel [Plate 3a]. Below the shoulders of the cross-arm the broad face of the shaft is flanked by a double roll moulding. Within the inner moulding the face is divided into five oblong panels separated by horizontal mouldings. These increase slightly in height as the face narrows towards the top, and are carved in worn but modelled relief. In each of the panels are paired animals arranged in a symmetrical mirror-image pattern, either side of a central vertical axis.
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