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Transactions Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History Antiquarian Society Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society LXXXIII 2009 Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society FOUNDED 20th NOVEMBER, 1862 THIRD SERIES VOLUME LXXXIII Editors: JAMES WILLIAMS, R. McEWEN and FRANCIS TOOLIS ISSN 0141-1292 2009 DUMFRIES Published by the Council of the Society Office-Bearers 2008-2009 and Fellows of the Society President Morag Williams, MA Vice Presidents Mr J McKinnell, Dr A Terry, Mr J L Williams and Mrs J Brann Fellows of the Society Mr J Banks, BSc; Mr A D Anderson, BSc; Mr J Chinnock; Mr J H D Gair, MA, Dr J B Wilson, MD; Mr K H Dobie; Mrs E Toolis, BA and Dr D F Devereux, PhD. Mr J Williams, Mr L J Masters and Mr R H McEwen — appointed under Rule 10 Hon. Secretary John L Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY Hon. Membership Secretary Miss H Barrington, 30 Noblehill Avenue, Dumfries DG1 3HR Hon. Treasurer Mr L Murray, 24 Corberry Park, Dumfries DG2 7NG Hon. Librarian Mr R Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS Assisted by Mr J Williams, 43 New Abbey Road, Dumfries DG2 7LZ Joint Hon. Editors Mr J Williams and Mr R H McEwen, 5 Arthur’s Place, Lockerbie DG11 2EB Assisted by Dr F Toolis, 25 Dalbeattie Road, Dumfries DG2 7PF Hon. Syllabus Convener Mrs E Toolis, 25 Dalbeattie Road, Dumfries DG2 7PF Hon. Curators Mrs J Turner and Ms S Ratchford Hon. Outings Organisers Mr J Copland and Mr Alastair Gair Ordinary Members Mr R Copland, Dr J Foster, Mrs P G Williams, Mr D Rose, Mrs C Inglehart, Mr A Pallister, Mr R McCubbin, Dr F Toolis, Mr I Wismach and Mrs J Turner CONTENTS Ostracods from the Wet Moat at Caerlaverock Castle by Mervin Kontrovitz and Huw I Griffiths ........................................................ 1 The Reverend William Little (1797? – 1867), A Preliminary account of his Entomological Activities by E Geoffrey Hancock, Ronald M Dobson and James Williams ............................................................................................ 5 Punt Gunning for Wildfowl and Waders by John Young ......................................... 17 Excavation of an Iron Age Round House and Associated Palisaded Enclosure at Whitecrook Quarry, Glenluce by Douglas Gordon et al ............................... 23 Rosnat, Whithorn and Cornwall by Andrew Breeze ............................................... 43 A Note on the Dating of Barhobble Chapel Bones and the Historical Context of their Deposition by Richard Oram ................................................................ 51 ‘A Loop in the Forth is Worth an Earldom in the North’ — The Rediscovery of Scotland’s Monastic Landscapes: Monastic Granges in Dumfriesshire and Galloway by Derek Hall .............................................................................. 55 Evidences for ‘Lost’ Thirteenth-Century Enclosure/Courtyard Castles in S W Scotland: An Overview Assessment and Survey by Richard Smith .......... 67 The Origin of the Irvings by Alastair Maxwell-Irving ............................................ 81 Glenstocken, Gutcher’s Isle, Colvend by Jane Brann, Nic Coombey and Geoffrey Stell .............................................. 91 Smuggling and Kirkcudbright Merchant Companies in the Eighteenth Century by Frances Wilkins ............................................................ 105 ‘Mokisins’, ‘Cloaks’ and ‘A Belt of a Peculiar Fabric’: Recovering the History of the Thomas Whyte Collection of North American Clothing formerly in the Grierson Museum by Alison Brown ......................................... 131 The Birtwhistles of Galloway and Craven: Drovers, Industrialists, Writers and Spies by Tony Stephens ................................................................. 151 Strolling Players, Minstrels and Living People: Entertainers in Galloway and in Dumfries 1861-1871 by Innes Macleod ................................................. 181 ‘I have the Prospect of going to Galloway’: the Rev Walter Gregor and the Ethnographic Survey of the United Kingdom by Stephen Miller ............... 211 Addenda Antiquaria A Neolithic Roughout Axehead from Dunragit by John Pickin ........................ 225 The Lochenkit Moor Covenanters – a Newly Discovered Account of a ‘Killing Times’ Incident by David Devereux ............................................. 229 Kirk Sessions as Bridge Builders – Lochfoot and Twynholm by Alex Anderson and James Williams .............................................................. 232 Elshieshiels Records by Dr J B Wilson ............................................................. 238 Walter Newall and Moffat Baths (now Moffat Town Hall) by Antony Wolffe ............................................................................................... 239 Reviews ‘From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795’, by James E Fraser and ‘From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070’, by Alex Woolf. Volumes 1 and 2 of The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Andrew Breeze ............................ 243 Obituary Rev David Edward Marsden MA, BA, DPS (1929 – 2009) .............................. 245 Proceedings .............................................................................................................. 246 Revised Rules of the Society ................................................................................... 253 EDITORIAL Contributions are invited on the Natural History, Geology, Antiquities and Archaeology including Industrial Archaeology, of South-West Scotland or the Solway Basin, and preference is always given to original work on local subjects. Intending contributors should, in the first instance, apply to the Editors for ‘Instructions to Contributors’, giving the nature and approximate size of their paper. Each contributor has seen a proof of his or her paper and neither the Editors nor the Society hold themselves responsible for the accuracy of scientific, historical or personal information in it. The Hon. Secretary, Mr John Williams, Merkland, Kirkmahoe, Dumfries DG1 1SY, Tel: 01387 710274, deals with all matters other than membership which are dealt with by the Hon. Membership Secretary, Miss H Barrington, 30A Noblehill Avenue, Dumfries DG1 3HR, Tel: 01387 256666. Exchanges should be sent to the Hon. Assistant Librarian, Mr J. Williams, St Albans, 43 New Abbey Road, Dumfries DG2 7LZ. Exchange volumes are deposited in the Library of Dumfries Museum at which location they may be freely consulted by members. However, as public opening hours may vary, it is recommended that prior contact be made with Museum staff (telephone 01387 253374) before visiting. Enquiries regarding back numbers of Transactions - see rear cover - should be made to the Hon. Librarian, Mr R. Coleman, 2 Loreburn Park, Dumfries DG1 1LS. As many of the back numbers are out of stock, members can greatly assist the finances of the Society by arranging for any volumes which are not required, whether of their own or those of deceased members, to be handed in. It follows that volumes marked as out of print may nevertheless be available from time to time. All payments, other than subscriptions, should be made to the Hon. Treasurer, Mr L Murray, 24 Corberry Park, Dumfries DG2 7NG. Payment of subscriptions should be made to Miss H Barrington (see above), on behalf of the Hon. Treasurer. The latter will be pleased to arrange for subscriptions and/or donations to be treated as Gift Aid under the Finance Acts, which can materially increase the income of the Society without, generally, any additional cost to the member. Important Inheritance Tax and Capital Gains Tax concessions are also conferred on individuals by these Acts, in as much as bequests or transfers of shares or cash to the Society by way of Gift Aid are exempt from these taxes. Limited grants may be available for excavations or other research. Applications should be made prior to 28th February in each year to the Hon. Secretary. Researchers are also reminded of the Mouswald Trust founded by our late President Dr R.C. Reid, which provides grants for work on certain periods. Enquiries and applications for grants to that Trust should be made to Primrose and Gordon, Solicitors, 92 Irish Street, Dumfries DG1 2PF. The Society may also be able to assist with applications for funding from other sources. The Council is indebted to the following bodies for substantial grants towards publication costs viz Barr Holdings Ltd for the report on Excavations at Whitecrook Quarry, Glenluce; from the National Scenic Area (NSA) project and Dumfries and Galloway Council towards the publication costs of the paper paper on the Laird’s House at Gutcher’s Isle. Dumfries and Galloway Council are additionally thanked for their annual contribution to the Society. The illustration on the front cover is of the Wamphray cross-slab from the article ‘The Early Church in Dumfriesshire’ by W.G. Collingwood, in volume XII, Series III (1926) of these Transactions. It is discussed afresh by Prof. Richard Bailey in Whithorn Lecture No. 4 (1996). 1 OSTRACODS FROM THE WET MOAT AT CAERLAVEROCK CASTLE By Mervin Kontrovitz1 and Huw I Griffiths2 Modern ostracods from the recently cleaned moat at Caerlaverock Castle present a sequence that appears to reflect re-colonization, with Cypria ophtalmica (O.F. Muller, 1776) as the pioneering species. It is followed by Cyclocypris ovum (Jurine, 1820) and Notodromas monacha (O.F. Muller, 1776), then Candona candida (O.F. Muller, 1776). They are all hardy, eutrophic taxa common in freshwater to slightly brackish habitats. One species, Xestoleberis sp., at the top of the
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