MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH AND POST GRADUATE STUDIES

2016 ANNUAL REPORT

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CONTENTS

FOREWORD- A/VICE CHANCELLOR ...... ii

MESSAGE FROM THE ACTING PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR (RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC AFFAIRS) ...... iv

MESSAGE FROM THE PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR (BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT) ...... v

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS- ACTING EXECUTIVE DEAN (RESEARCH AND POSTGRADUATE STUDIES OFFICE) ...... vi

SECTION ONE: RESEARCH MANDATE, MISSION, AND RESEARCH NICHE AREAS...... 1

SECTION TWO: RESEARCH CAPACITY BUILDING ...... 2

SECTION THREE: RESEARCH FUNDING ...... 5

SECTION FOUR: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN FACULTIES ...... 7

SECTION FIVE: POSTGRADUATE ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUT IN 2016...... 26

ANNEXURE 1: RESEARCH OUTPUT ...... 40

ANNEXURE 2: MPHIL AND DPHIL REGISTERED STUDENTS AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 . 56

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FOREWORD- A/VICE CHANCELLOR

Professor Victor N. Muzvidziwa

Midlands State University is a research aligned institution in addition to teaching, learning and community engagement. Since its inception in 2000, Midlands State University has always cherished the vision of being a research intensive higher education institution. Accordingly, research is a central feature of the university’s long-term strategy and in 2016, research was made the university’s top operational priority.

The university strives to make its research locally relevant and internationally competitive. Research output in the university is always benchmarked against that of other players in the global academy. Midlands State University is a key player in the higher educational sector. In this way, the university continues to enhance its national/ international reputation profile and visibility.

It is critically important that the university balances global competitiveness with local relevance. In this regard, the university has always sought to strengthen its impact on national and regional socio-economic development. The thrust of all the research undertaken across all the faculties of the university is always guided and informed by national and regional development priorities. In 2016, we intensified our research focus on issues that fall within the national development strategic framework, ZIMASSET and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

As a developing country university, we are fully cognisant of the fact that the attainment of our research vision is always constrained by our socio-economic context. MSU has

ii made good use of the limited financial resources by investing in research that is useful to people’s well-being.

Pursuant to this, MSU has undertaken policy and operational initiatives that are intended to provide a conducive and enabling environment for entrenchment of a vibrant culture of research and research excellence. The university has a well-established institutional infrastructure that promotes and supports research. In this regard, the Offices of the Pro- Vice Chancellor (Research and Academic Affairs) and the Executive Dean of Research and Postgraduate Studies complement each other in research development and promotion at Midlands State University. The mandate of these two offices is to create and sustain an environment that encourages, supports and rewards research, scholarship and innovation. The operational objectives of the above-mentioned offices are manifold, namely resource mobilisation, research capacity development, increase in research outputs, advancing research strategy, provision of infrastructure and strengthening capacity to support postgraduate students and having in place strengthened research management systems.

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MESSAGE FROM THE ACTING PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR (RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC AFFAIRS)

Professor Doreen Z. Moyo

Midlands State University is committed to conducting research that responds to national priority areas as well as increasing the stock of knowledge and places the University in the forefront of shaping the country's transformation in critical areas of development. It is pleasing to note that academic staff are publishing in high impact journals that contribute to the ranking of universities. The new thrust of research should see the University through inter- and trans- disciplinary collaborations conducting cutting edge research that would produce innovations and new technologies for industry and ultimately contribute to industrialisation and modernisation of the nation.

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MESSAGE FROM THE PRO VICE-CHANCELLOR (BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT)

Professor Kadmiel Wekwete

Research by Staff and Students is critical to the Midlands State University Resource

Mobilisation Strategy and the proving of a third income for Midlands State University.

Through research, the University will leverage on scholarships and or fellowships, which will enable the University to grow and consolidate its core business and ensure the visibility of departments and faculties. The report clearly shows the depth and breadth of the efforts to harness the research energies, which will propel Midlands State University in its efforts for refund and global ranking. The next stage requires the University to engage in more collaborative research with other universities (local/refund/international) to build funding partnerships.

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INTRODUCTORY REMARKS- ACTING EXECUTIVE DEAN (RESEARCH AND POSTGRADUATE STUDIES OFFICE)

Professor Laurine Chikoko

It is pleasing to note that Midlands State University regards research as a matter of operational priority. The strategic place of the Research and Postgraduate Studies Office in the university organogram testifies to this fact. The prospective growth of research and innovation at Midlands State University is quite promising, in view of the solid institutional infrastructure in place and policy initiatives that the university has undertaken.

In this section, I would like to provide an overview of the highlights of the university’s research-related achievements in 2016, of which further detail is provided in relevant sections of this report. Firstly, I would like to note that comprehensive work to overhaul and harmonise our research policy and strategic plan seriously got underway in 2016. As I write, I am pleased to report that the aforementioned work has reached advanced stages.

Relatedly as a university, we have scored some success in our efforts to refocus and re-align our research work with national, regional and international development priorities. Through all-inclusive consultations conducted by the Research and Postgraduate Office, the university has identified and clearly articulated research niche areas that closely map into national/international development priorities, as identified in ZIMASSET and SDGs.

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Additional highlights for 2016 include a notable shift of our research towards obtainment of external funding. The university received a total of $473,000.00 in external research grants in the year under review. Further detail on this issue is provided in relevant sections of this report.

As a university, we need to continue to demonstrate our commitment to promotion of research through allocating a significant portion of our annual revenue to research. As in the preceding five years, in 2016, the university allocated five percent of its budget to research. This money is administered through the university’s research board.

In the same connection, allow me to applaud the work being undertaken by the research board in administering internal research funds. Through its monthly meetings, the research board evaluates research proposals for funding. In 2016, there has been significant increase in the number of academics who applied for funds to conduct research. However, on a low note, applications for research board funding remains skewed towards external travel.

It cannot be overstated that Midlands State University, as an institution which aspires to be a research-intensive university, needs to continue to invest in research capacity-building. In this regard, a number of workshops and seminars to equip academic with research-related skills and knowledge were organised in 2016. Further details on this are provided in relevant sub- sections of this report.

The university has also continued to assert its academic presence in the national academy through show-casing its research and innovation capabilities and achievements at relevant fora. A case in point is the RIO-SET Expo, where various institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe exhibit their research products. In 2016, academics from the Midlands State University actively participated and won accolades and acclaim at the RIO-SET Expo.

Internationally, our scholars have carried the university’s research flag at various conferences where they have presented papers, posters and key note addresses. The university funds each academic to present a research paper at an international conference. Through such conferences, the university has managed to stake out its place as a worthy member of the global academy. In the year under review, a total of 35 scholars from MSU presented papers at international conferences.

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As part of further efforts to consolidate research capacity, the university continues to invest in creating a cohort of the next generation of researchers through prioritising postgraduate studies. I am pleased to report a 22.77% percentage increase in our doctoral candidates, from 101 candidates in 2015 to 124 candidates in 2016. The university also registered a 20% percentage increase in the enrolment of MPhil candidates.

With these introductory remarks, I would like to wish you an enjoyable reading of our research report for 2016.

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SECTION ONE: RESEARCH MANDATE, MISSION, AND RESEARCH NICHE AREAS

1.1 Mandate of the Research and Postgraduate Studies Office The University’s core business encompasses three aspects, namely research, teaching and community engagement. Research is at the centre of the University as it informs the other two aspects. Midlands State University (MSU) research mandate is to promote quality and relevant research that meets the developmental needs of the local, national, regional and global communities.

In line with the university’s research mandate, the mission of the Research and Postgraduate Studies Office (RPGS) is to establish a vibrant institutional research culture characterised by a conducive and supportive environment within which academic staff and postgraduate students carry out research. In pursuing this vision, the RPGS undertakes the following core responsibilities: coordinating and providing research funding; research training; facilitating commercialisation of research and ensuring research quality; coordinate MPhil and DPhil degree programmes.

1.2 Research Niche Areas

Midlands State University has identified the following research niche areas that are aligned with ZIMASSET and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

 Food Security and Nutrition

 Culture and Heritage

 Quality Education

 Poverty Eradication

 Communicable and non-communicable diseases.

 Infrastructure and utilities;

 Value addition and beneficiation

 Entrepreneurship

 Economic growth and development.

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SECTION TWO: RESEARCH CAPACITY BUILDING As part of its effort to promote research productivity, the Research and Postgraduate Studies Office undertook the following activities to equip academic staff with the required knowledge and skills.

2.1 Workshops

The RPGS organised research workshops as shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: 2016 Research Workshops

TITLE FACILITATOR(S) DATE PhD Supervision Prof. Joseph Ntayi 11-13 February 2016 (Makerere University) Emerald Author Workshop Emerald 04 May 2016 Programme Quantitative Research Data Analysis Dr Sheunesu Ruwanza 12 -13 July 2016 Packages Workshop Rhodes University Elsevier Workshop Prof J Masaka (MSU) 27 July 2016 Karen Metcalf (Elsevier) Lucia Schoombe (Elsevier)

2.2 Exhibitions

2.2.1 Research and Intellectual Outputs – Science, Engineering and Technology (Rio- Set)

Intellectual capital has become a fundamental source of national advantage in today’s highly competitive global knowledge economy. It is therefore, no coincidence that research is an intrinsic and crucial aspect of Midlands State University, which takes a dynamic, multipronged, cross-disciplinary and inclusive approach directed at the generation, preservation, transfer and application of knowledge in line with national aspirations for the betterment of society.

Cognisant of the above, the University participated at the 2016 edition of the Research and Intellectual Outputs – Science, Engineering and Technology (Rio-Set) Expo, which was held from the 31st of August to the 3rd of September at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), in Bulawayo.

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Running under the theme ‘Growing the Zimbabwean Economy through Innovations’ the national Expo attracted participants in the higher and tertiary education sector among them universities, polytechnics, teachers’ colleges, research institutions and industry.

The Expo, which is the brainchild of the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology Development aims to:

 Provide innovative solutions to Zimbabwe’s challenges.  Provide a forum for presentations of R&D findings.  Offer a platform for exhibitions.  Organize moots, debates and competitions.  Promote a science culture.  Provide a platform for networking and sharing.  Promote collaboration in local, regional and international research institutions.  Promote innovative activities in academia, industry and technology education.

Consequently, Midlands State University’s exhibition at the Expo aptly captured the University’s unparalleled dedication and commitment to research excellence aimed at providing real life solutions to real life challenges. Departments that took part in the Expo together with their projects are illustrated in the Table 2.2:

Table 2.2: 2016 Rio-Set Exhibitions

DEPARTMENT PROJECT/EXHIBITION

Chemical Technology Mini-biomass power plant prototype (alternative energy)

Educational Foundations Post modernism child play centre for teaching children STEM related concepts

Applied Physics and Instrumentation, and Android controlled robots that can be Telecommunications adopted for various uses in a number of sectors such as mining

Music and Musicology Mbira inventions

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Food Science and Nutrition New food product development, focusing on food products for diabetes patients

Horticulture Plant grafting technology and ceramic /clay pot water filtering system

Student Affairs New software applications by students focusing on; online residence management systems, tourism, and video conferencing platforms

Research and Postgraduate Office and Institutional Repository focusing on 2016 Library University research publications/ output

Faculty of Medicine Modern methods and techniques for teaching medicine

Over and above exhibiting its research and intellectual products, the University also took part in the performing arts category, where students from the Department of Music and Musicology displayed unparalleled musical genius that saw them win the hearts of both the audiences and the judges.

It therefore goes without saying that the 2016 edition of the Research and Intellectual Outputs – Science, Engineering and Technology (Rio-Set) Expo provided an important platform for the University to not only showcase its research and intellectual outputs, but also an invaluable opportunity for academics and researchers to engage in academic and developmental dialogue with their peers as well as receive valuable input from industrial stakeholders on how the University can collaborate with various industrial partners to bring about socio-economic development through modernisation and industrialisation.

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SECTION THREE: RESEARCH FUNDING

3.1 Internal Research Funding In 2016, the University allocated US$310,400.00 to the Research and Postgraduate Studies Office. These funds were distributed to different categories of research activities as shown in Figure 3.1.

14% 1%

Phd external visits

16% Internal conference travel PhD Research 57% Ordinary research 12% External conference travel

Figure 3.1: Distribution of Internal Research Funds

3.2 External Research Funding

The total funding received during the year amounted to $473,000. The Local Governance Studies Department emerged as one of the main beneficiaries of externally sourced funds through funds received from the Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy (ICLD) and the Centre for African Studies (Copenhagen). The distribution of the funds received is given in Table 3.1.

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Table 3.1: 2016 Externally Funded Research Projects Name of Title of Project Role in the Funding Agency Researcher Project Virginia Consolidating the Impact of Principal International Centre for Makanza Swedish International Researcher Local Democracy Training Programmes in (ICDLD) Zimbabwe

Virginia Research field work Support Principal Centre for African Studies Makanza for Bachelor of Science Researcher Honours Degree in Local Governance Studies

Maxwell Unravelling Soil Principal International Foundation Handiseni Microbiological Population Researcher for Science Changes in Soils Amended with Cleome Bio fumigant Cover Crop and their correlation to suppression soil borne pathogens

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SECTION FOUR: RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN FACULTIES 4.1 Overview

Midlands State University strives to make its research locally, regionally and internationally competitive. In an effort to ensure that the University has national and international reputation and visibility, our academic staff are publishing in high impact and reputable journals as well as participating in national, regional and international conferences. A comprehensive list of the research output per faculty is presented in Annexure 1.

4.2 Faculty of Arts

4.2.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Dr Terrence M. Mashingaidze

The Faculty of Arts had a very successful 2016. The research output of lecturers was quite commendable as evidenced by their publications in high impact journals such as the Journal of Southern African Studies, African Security Review and Journal of African Identities, Journal of African Cultural Studies, and African Journalism Studies. Several of the Faculty’s teaching staff were promoted to senior grades. Courtesy of these promotions the Faculty now has 3 Full Professors viz Prof A Viriri, Prof W L Chigidi and Prof W Manyawu. The Faculty also has 3 Associate Professors namely Prof G C Mazarire, Prof H T Ngoshi and Prof C Tagwirei. The Faculty now has 8 senior lecturers and these are Dr. T M Mashingaidze, Dr L Gumbo, Dr. Jakaza, Dr. P Mpofu and Dr. V Matiza, Dr. W Mushore and Dr. C Sabao and Dr. E Vhutuza. It is our hope that with this critical mass of senior academics the Faculty is going to be a distinguishable and competitive regional hub of teaching, learning and most of all research in the Arts and Humanities.

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Five post-graduate students registered with the Faculty’s various departments attained PhDs. Three of these students were registered with the Department of History under the tutelage of Prof N M Bhebe and Dr. T M Mashingaidze. One of the graduates was registered with the Department of English and Communication under by Prof C Pfukwa’s supervision. Lastly, the fifth PhD graduate was registered with the Department of Development Studies under Dr. J Matunhu’s chaperonage. Since 4 of these recent PhDs are teaching in the Faculty this means that the Faculty’s cohort of PhD holders now stands at 30. The Faculty also hosted 3 Sabbatical Fellows. These academics were Professor Paul Gundani (Department of Theology and Religious Studies); Professor Patrick Ngulube (Department Archaeology, Heritage and Museum Studies) and Professor Sabelo Gatsheni-Ndlovu (Department of History). The three professors have vast university teaching, research and administrative, they hosted a series enlightening workshops on teaching, PhD research, and proposal writing for both staff and students.

4.2.2 Research Publications in 2016

Table 4.1: Faculty of Arts 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Javangwe, T.D 3 3 Sabao, C 4 4 Jakaza, E 3 3 Gijima,T. 1 1 Gurira, N 1 1 Ngoshi, H.T 1 1 Musanga, T 4 4 Mudariki, R 1 1 Chiwara, D 1 1 2 Ngulube, P 1 1 Makaye, P 1 1 Hahlani, H 1 1 Rwafa, U 3 3

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Manyawu, A 2 2 Mwandayi, C 2 2 Chirongoma, S 2 2 Mazarire, G.C 2 2 Mashingaidze, T.M 3 3 Chakawa, J 2 1 3 Chisi, T 1 1 2 Goredema, D 1 1 Ncube, T.G 1 1 Tarugarira, G 1 1 Matiza, V.M 4 4 Tembo, C 4 4 Muwati, I 1 1 Nhongo, R 2 2 Gumbo, L 1 1 Saidi, U 2 2 Gumbo, I 1 1 Hlatshwayo, P 4 4 Matandare, S 2 2 Mugomba, M 2 2 Green, F 2 2 Jhamba, D 4 4

4.2.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.2: Conferences attended by Faculty of Arts members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Viriri, A 6th International Colloquium of the African 4- 6 July Association Mwandayi, C AASR (Ghana) 26-28 July

Tembo, C ALASA (Namibia) 29-01 July

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Jakaza, E LSSA/SAALA/SAALT Joint Annual Conference 4- 7 July (South Africa) Mashingaidze, T.M International conference on Histories of Mass 26- 30 June Violence (Israel) Chiwara, D International Institute for Conservation of Historic 12-17 August and Artistic Works conference (USA) Mazambani, I The 2016 International Decoloniality Conference 17- 18 August (South Africa) Chigidi, W.L ALASA conference (Namibia) 29June -01 July

Muringa, T.F SASRIM conference (South Africa) 25-28 August

Charamba, T ALASA conference (Namibia) 29 June-01 July

Muringa, TF ALASA conference (Namibia) 29 June-01 July

Matiza, V ALASA conference (Namibia) 29 June-01 July

Mpofu, P ALASA conference (Namibia) 29 June – 01 July

Nhongo, R SASRIM conference (South Africa) 25-28 August

Chirongoma, S Spirituality and Hope in Africa Workshop (Accra, Ghana) Chirongoma, S Envisioning a world with equitable access to 18-21 February comprehensive SRHR within our religio-cultural communities (Nairobi, Kenya) Chirongoma, S How gender and youth empowerment lead to 3-5 February sustainable development—what churches can do” Conference (Bulawayo) Moyo, M The Annual Conference of the Theological Society 11-15 July of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Moyo, M The role of social justice in students, chaplaincy and 16 July 2017 student ministry Conference. Sipeyiye M Migration, Identity and Development: Africa and the Wider World in the Twenty-First Century, Nigeria Nhongo, R Names Society of Southern Africa in Bloemfontein, 20-22 September South Africa.

Saidi, U ZIBF Indaba 2016 25-26 July

Saidi, U RISOET, NUST, Bulawayo 1-3 September

Saidi, U 2016 Reading Pan-Africa Symposium, Rainbow 20-22 October Hotel, Bulawayo Matiza, V RISOET, NUST, Bulawayo 1-3 September

Tembo, C RISOET, NUST, Bulawayo 1-3 September

Mpofu, P RISOET, NUST, Bulawayo 1-3 September

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Mwandayi, C 7th Biennial AASR Conference, University of 26-29 July Ghana Mwandayi, C 8th UNISA Symposium of New Testament and 9-21 September Early Christian Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria

4.3 Faculty of Commerce

4.3.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Mr Richard Duve

Faculty of Commerce staff members were involved in a series of research activities in the year 2016 in support and pursuit of the University’s goal of excellence in research. Faculty members have published in national, regional and international reputable journals. Table 4.3 shows the Faculty of Commerce wide research publications for the period under review:

4.3.2 Research Publications for 2016

Table 4.3: Faculty of Commerce 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Chikoko, L. 1 1 Duve, R. 4 4 Tambudzai, Z. 5 5 Nkomazana, N.; 1 1 Chikuta, O. 1 1

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Mugwati, M. 1 1 Nkala, D. 1 1 Mashiri, E. 1 1 2 Nyamwanza, L. 1 1 Matsika, R 1 1 Samugwede, O. 1 1 Mapetere, D. 1 1 Mhonde, C. 1 1 Mafumbate, J. 1 1 Mafuka 1 1 Moyo, N.G. 2 2 Chivivi, OR 1 1 Charumbira, M. 1 1 Chipunza, T. 1 1 Masere,V.S. 3 3 Mandina,S.P 6 6 Manzote, E. 1 1 Mandishekwa, R. 2 2 Marufu, B. 1 1 Manenji, T. 1 1 Zhou, Z. 2 2

4.3.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.4: Conferences Attended by Faculty of Commerce Members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Chikoko, L 13th African Finance Journal Conference, Accra, 18-19 May Ghana

4.4 Faculty of Education

4.4.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

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Professor Efiritha Chauraya

The Faculty continued in its efforts to produce high quality graduate teachers and encouraged staff to partake in various research activities.

4.4.2 Research Publications in 2016

Table 4.5: Faculty of Education 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Gudyanga,A. 2 1 3 Gudyanga, E 1 1 2 Chauraya, M 1 1 2 4 Mashingaidze, S.S 1 1 1

4.4.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.6: Conferences attended by Faculty of Education members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Chauraya, M. 24th Annual Conference of the Southern African 12-15 January Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (SAARMSTE).(South Africa) Chauraya, M SAARMSTE Zimbabwe Chapter Annual Conference 30 June- 4 July

Muguwe, E Child and Youth Care (Sri Lanka) 23- 25 October

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4.5 FACULTY OF LAW

4.5.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Dr. Gift Manyatera

Driven by our motto, pioneering for a better legal frontier, we have cultivated a culture of hunger for more knowledge as we believe that knowledge is power. The Law School is geared towards providing quality legal education that is relevant to the needs of the country and the global village. Producing legal professionals that are meticulous, conversant, diverse and adaptive within the global village is the law school’s passion. The Law School is actively involved in research and faculty members are contributing immensely to the jurisprudential development of the Zimbabwean legal system in the context of the post 2013 constitutional dispensation.

4.5.2 Research Publications for 2016 Table 4.8: Faculty of Law 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Mapuva L 1 1 2 Tsabora J 5 2 7 Kasuso T G 3 3 Mandipa E 2 2 Dr T Mutangi 2 2 Dube B 1 1

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Hamadziripi C 1 1 4.5.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.6: Conferences attended by Faculty of Law members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Chagadama S  Tilburg/North West Collaboration Seminar 25 – 29 July

Mapuva L  Human Rights Curricular Development Seminar 10 - 14 October  Grant Proposal Writing Training 19 – 20 April Dr R K Katsande  Safe Cities Research Validation Workshop 9 February Oxfarm Offices, Bulawayo  Urban Frontiers : A conversation about poverty, 8 – 10 March violence and development in Southern African , Sunnyside Park Johannesburg RSA  Safe Cities Research Validation workshop 17 March Holiday Inn, Harare  Disability Rights and Law Schools Project in 1 – 3 August Africa, Pandari Hotel, Harare  Zimbabwe Land and Agrarian Network Strategic 10 – 12 August Planning workshop, Kadoma Hotel Kasuso T G  Raoul Wallenburg Workshop on Research 18 – 19 Methodologies, Harare September  Disability Rights Workshop, Gokwe and Mutare Feb/March Dr J Tsabora  Constitutionalism, the Constitutional Alignment 2016 Process and Implications for the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe, Non State Actors Alliance, Harare  Implications of indigenisation and economic empowerment laws on Mining laws in 2016 Zimbabwe, MSU-NWU-Tilburg Cooperation  Access to Justice, Access to information and 2016 Access to Administrative justice for purposes of youth empowerment, Youth Initiatives for Community Development, Harare  Towards an African Institute for Environmental Research , Zimbabwe Environmental Law 2016 Association, Harare  Constitutional Alignment Process: The Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment 2016 Act, Transparency International Zimbabwe  Traditional Institutions and Human Rights Agendas in the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution, 2016 Raoul Wallenburg Institute, Mutare

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Mandipa E  Disability Rights Paralegal Training Workshop, 17 February Green Diamond, Gokwe  Disability Rights Paralegal Training workshop, 31 March African Sun Amber Hotel, Mutare  DNA and Forensic Bill Consultative Workshop, 9-10 August Holiday Inn, Bulawayo Dr G Manyatera  Disability Rights Conference, Pretoria, SA November  Law Society Winter School July  Disability Rights Workshop, Gokwe, Mutare Feb/March Dube B  Disability Rights Paralegal Training Workshop, 17 February Green Diamond , Gokwe  Disability Rights Paralegal training Workshop, 31 March African Sun Amber Hotel, Mutare  DNA and Forensic Evidence Bill Consultative 9-10 August workshop, Holiday Inn, Bulawayo Hamadziripi C  Study visit to the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies 1-3 August at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa  Legal Aid Co-ordination Framework Workshop : 28-29 August Legal Aid Directorate, Min. Justice Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Bulawayo Dr T Mutangi  Experts meeting/workshop on the Acerwc’s 28-29 June General Comment No. 3 on the Responsibilities of the Child, Kenya  The Fifth Annual High-Level Dialogue on 23-26 Democracy, Human Rights & Governance in November Africa: Trends, Challenges and Prospects Reflecting, Celebrating and Advancing Human and People’s Rights in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania  Closing the Implementation Gap – Strengthening 27-28 Compliance with Regional Human Rights September Decisions Regional Symposium, Nairobi, Kenya  Chapter 12 Institutions – Opportunities for the Implementation and Enforcement of the 7 October Declaration of Rights in Constitution of Zimbabwe – Harare  Opportunities presented by the Constitution of 5-8 April Zimbabwe to advance PIL in anti-corruption cases, Public Interest Litigation Seminar, Vumba

4.6 Faculty of Medicine

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4.6.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Dr Reginald B. Matchaba-Hove

The Faculty of Medicine is committed to make the University a worthy member of the international community with respect to research. Our members have published in reputable journals in the year 2016.

4.6.2 Research Publications for 2016

Table 4.8: Faculty of Medicine 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total Outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Gonah, L. 1 1 Mutambara, J. 5 5 Muleya, V 2 2 Bhebe, M 1 1 Chibhabha, F 6 6 Matchaba-Hove 1 1 Mabaya, L 3 3

4.6.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.9: Conferences Attended by Faculty of Medicine Members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

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Maunganidze, F The American Psychological Society and The 18-19 July Physiological Society (Ireland) Chibhabha, F 46TH Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience 12-14 (San Diego, USA) November

4.7 Faculty of Mining & Mineral Processing Engineering

4.7.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Dr Antony Mamuse The young Faculty of Mining & Mineral Processing is gradually but surely preparing a robust platform for high quality relevant and effective research. Guided by the MSU Research Policy, Departments have constituted their Department Research Committees which build up the Faculty Research Committee. These committees work closely with the Faculty’s Mining and Environment Research Group. To ensure that all teaching and research is relevant and is of practical value to industry and to Zimbabwe, the Faculty established Mining Industry Advisory Committee, to foster Faculty-industry linkages and collaborations. As the research must also conform to the highest international standards, the Faculty is building linkages with research institutes and universities in South Africa, India, Australia, Canada and Sweden, among others.

4.7.2 Research Publications for 2016

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Table 4.10: Faculty of Mining & Mineral Processing Engineering 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Mamuse, A 3 3 Muleya, E 2 2

4.7.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.11: Conferences Attended by Mining & Mineral Processing Engineering Members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Mazarani, T 14th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, 3-5 October GCSM 2016, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Table 4.12: Workshops Attended by Mining & Mineral Processing Engineering Members in 2016

DATE WORKSHOP/ ATTENDEE REMARKS SEMINAR

03/2016 University of New Dr. A. Mamuse Dr. A. Mamuse was part of a MSU team Castle (UoN), that visited UoN to foster links Australia

04/16 Deans’ visit to India Dr. A. Mamuse Dr. A. Mamuse visited Indi with other MSU Deans to learn about student project incubation and entrepreneurship.

09/2016 RIOSET Mr. Chinwada Mr. Chinwada represented the Faculty at RIOSET exhibitions, NUST, Bulawayo

10/2016 High Performance Dr. Muleya Dr. Muleya was part of staff from MSU Computing, UZ sent to learn about research applications of supercomputers housed at the University of Zimbabwe

4.5 Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agriculture

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4.5.1 A/ Executive Dean’s Remarks

Mr Tendai Madanzi

The Faculty continued to focus on its thrust through consultations made with various stakeholders in the Natural Resources and Agricultural sectors. Staff members from the Faculty managed to have their research work published in some internationally recognised Journals. Focus was placed on offering solutions that lead to increase in agricultural production in the economy.

4.5.2 Research Publications in 2016

Table 4.13: Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agriculture 2016 Research Outputs

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Chagonda, I. 2 2 Mabvongwe, O. 1 1 Gwazane, M 1 1 Masaka, J. 1 1 Madanzi, T. 2 2 Mahohoma,W 1 1 Chandiposha 3 3 Ngara, R 1 1 Makuvaro, V 1 1

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Magwa, S 1 1

4.5.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.14: Conferences attended by Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agriculture members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Masunda, S The African Finance Journal (Ghana) 18-19 May

Mugandani, R The CLIVAR Open Science Conference (UK) 03-05 August

Munodawafa, A The High Impact Journal Writing Publishing 2016 19-23 April Workshop (South Africa)

4.6 Faculty of Science and Technology 4.6.1 Executive Dean’s remarks

Dr Action Nechibvute

The Faculty of Science and Technology embarked on a number of research activities in the academic year 2016. In an effort to pursue and promote the University’s excellence in research, the Faculty members have published articles in peer reviewed journals through individual and collaborative initiatives. Our members attended and participated in local, regional and international conferences. Table 4.9 shows a summary of the Faculty research outputs.

4.6.2 Research Publications in 2016

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Table 4.15: Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Book Other Article Chapter Guyo U 5 5 Chigondo, F. 4 4 Dube, T. 1 3 4 Shumba, M 5 5 Sibanda, K 1 1 Moyo, M 8 8 Sebata, E. 3 3 Chigondo, M. 1 1 Makanga, P.T 5 5 Manatsa, D 1 1 Zirebwa, E.T. 1 1 Mupfiga, F 1 1 Sikwila, L 1 1 Nyamunda B 1 1 Giyane,M. 1 1 Nyamhere G 1 1 Moyo P 1 1 Mugadza T 1 1 Mehlana G 4 4 Nharingo T 3 3 Chirinda A 1 1 Munguambe K. 1 1 Mapamula R.T 1 1 Paradzayi C 1 1 Kurwakumire E 1 1 Musungwini S 3 3

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Mahlangu G 1 1 Mugoniwa B 2 2 Furusa S.S. 2 2 Rebanewako, T.G 1 1 Nechibvute A 3 3 Mudzingwa C 1 1 Chawanda, A 1 1 Serere, H.J 1 1 Manhokwe, S 1 1 Matiringe, I 1 1 Chinofunga, D 1 1

4.6.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.16: Conferences attended by Faculty of Science and Technology members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Mehlana, G The 1st Pan Conference on Crystallography 06-10 October (Cameroon) Guyo, U The International IUPAC Conference on Green 04-08 Chemistry (Italy) September Zhou, M The 8th Conference on eHealth,Telemedicine and 24-28 April Social Medicine (Italy) Musungwini, S The International Journal of Arts and Science (IJAS) 01 -04 October International Conference on Engineering and Technology (Czech Republic) Dube, T Zoology 2016, University of Antwerp, City Campus. 15-17 Belgium December Dube, T 10th INTECOL International Wetlands Conference 19-24 Changshu, China September Dube, T Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa. 26-30 June

Giyane, M The Tenth International Conference on Advanced October 9-13 Engineering Computing and Applications in Sciences, Venice, Italy

Faculty of Social Sciences

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4.8.1 Executive Dean’s Remarks

Professor Chipo Hungwe

The Faculty was actively engaged in research work whose results are evidenced by high research output experienced during the year. The Faculty published its research papers in regionally and internationally acclaimed journals. The Faculty hosted a research seminar that was well received by Lecturers from the University. Dr S Ruwanza (Rhodes University) facilitated a workshop on Quantitative Data Analysis Packages.

4.8.2 Research Publications for 2016 Table 4.17: Faculty of Social Sciences 2016 Research Publications

Name of Researcher Publication Units Total outputs Journal Article Book Chapter Other Marambanyika, T. 4 2 6 Mutekwa, V.T. 1 1 2 Kusena, W., 2 2 Muringaniza, K.C.R. 1 1 Jerie, S. 2 1 3 Bhebhe, M. 1 1 Nyanhete, T. 1 1 Mhiripiri, N.A 5 1 6 Ncube, N. 1 1 Mambende, B 1 1 Maseko, M. 1 1 Ureke, O. 1 1 Maphosa, S 1 1 Chibuwe, A 1 1 Madebwe, V 1 1

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Madebwe, C. 1 1 Matsa, M. 1 1 Chibuwe A 1 1 Ncube L. 1 1

4.8.3 Presentations at International Conferences, Seminars and Workshops

Table 4.18: Conferences Attended by Faculty of Social Sciences Members in 2016

PRESENTER CONFERENCE PERIOD

Masuku, C The International Conference on Emerging Trends for 03-05 August National Sustainable Development And Disaster Management Exhibition (UK) Maphosa, S The 6th International Conference on Community 17-18 August Psychology (South Africa) Maseko, M The 6th International Conference on Community 17-18 August Psychology (South Africa) Maguraushe, W The Pan- African Society for Musical Arts Education 24-26 June Conference (South Africa) Chikerema, A.F The Social Science Colloquium(Ghana) 14-15 April

Muranda, R The Pan- African Society for Musical Arts Education 24-26 June Conference (South Africa) Mude, T The 2nd WAPSN Symposium (Ghana) 18-19 May

Chirasha, V IASTEM 85th International Conference on Social 24-28 April Sciences and Humanities (Canada) Mahapa, M The 22nd Asia –Pacific Tourism Association Annual 31 March – 5 Conference (China) April Butete, V.B The SASRIM Conference (South Africa) 25-28 August

Mutekwa, V. T Earth System Governance “Confronting Complexity 7-9 December and Inequality” Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies(WMI) Ncube, F China December

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SECTION FIVE: POSTGRADUATE ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUT IN 2016 5.1 Overview

The Research and Postgraduate Studies Office aims to produce graduates whose qualifications are internationally recognised and locally applicable. In pursuit of this, the office has supported fully postgraduate students in their studies. Eleven academic staff members graduated with PhDs with external universities and seven staff members with MSU.

5.2 DPhil and MPhil Candidates Registered with Midlands State University

The Postgraduate Studies at MSU has grown phenomenally in the year under review with quite a number of MSU staff pursuing doctoral studies in national, regional and international universities. To add to this, the University has registered a 22.77% percentage increase in our doctoral candidates, from a total of 101 in 2015 to a total of 124 in 2016. The university also registered a 20% percentage increase in the enrolment of MPhil candidates in 2016. A comprehensive list of MPhil and DPhil students registered with Midlands State University as at 31 December 2016 is attached in Annexure 2.

5.3 2016 MSU DPhil Graduates

The 2016 academic calendar saw academic staff attaining Doctoral Degrees in different areas with Midlands State University and external universities.

5.3.1 MSU 2016 Graduates

The 2016 graduates are presented as follows,

Dorothy Goredema Doctor of Philosophy in History

Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Zimbabwe`s Liberation Struggle Era Conflicts and Pitfalls of Reconciliation after Independence: A Case study of Bikita District (1976-2013).”

The thesis interrogated the healing and reconciliation processes and practices adopted by the Zimbabwean government and communities in dealing with the legacies of conflicts and violence of both colonial and post-colonial periods in Bikita district. Qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions as well as primary source and secondary sources such as written documents, academic and government reports were used. The study revealed that the central state`s healing and reconciliation policies were not effective in

26 promoting sustainable solutions to challenges facing communities emerging from violent conflicts as they did not attend to the psychological, emotional and spiritual aspects of conflicts and violence. Furthermore, the study showed that communities` initiatives such as appeasement of avenging spirits, cleansing ceremonies and the use of traditional courts and relevant fines were successful in attending to the legacies of conflicts as they attended to the wounds, emotions, cultural nuances and deeply rooted perceptions of the violated individuals, families and communities. The thesis makes a valuable contribution to the history of Zimbabwe and to discourses on healing and reconciliation both within and outside Zimbabwe.

Gift Mashango Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Opportunities, Prospects and Challenges of Conservation Agriculture for Food Security in Gokwe South District, Zimbabwe.”

The study evaluated the importance and contribution of Conservation Agriculture (CA) to food security with emphasis on opportunities, prospects and challenges in Gokwe South District, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through focus group discussions, detailed household surveys, key informant interviews, field visits and secondary sources. Results of the study showed that Conservation Agriculture significantly increased crop yield. Other benefits cited by farmers included improved soil structure, timeliness in land preparation, reduced erosion and improved moisture conservation. Challenges observed included high labour requirements and mulching. The study recommends government support for CA farmers through subsidised inputs programme, inclusion of CA concepts in the education curriculum and the availing of different CA technologies for different household typologies.

Ishmael Mazambani Doctor of Philosophy in History Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Did children matter? Unprotected Children in ‘Protected Villages’ Created by the Rhodesian Regime during the Liberation Struggle for Zimbabwe, (1970-1980).”

The thesis is a path breaking examination of children’s experiences during the Zimbabwean Liberation Struggle. It exposes the unique and harrowing experiences of children in the protected villages or keeps that were established by the Rhodesian regime as a counter– insurgency measure. The study was qualitative in nature and used archival documents, oral interviews and secondary sources. The study revealed that despite the so called protection,

27 children were unprotected and exposed to vices such as gender based abuse, psychological trauma and physical harm. The study contributes new knowledge on the history of the Liberation Struggle as it captured neglected and subalternised voices of children in protected villages.

Shepherd Mupemhi Doctor of Philosophy in Marketing Management Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Establishing a Sustainable Competitive Advantage through E-Business: A Case of the Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe.”

The thesis investigated the factors affecting the adoption of e-business by the manufacturing firms in Zimbabwe. It further sought to establish the consequences of e-business adoption on firm’s business efficiency and sustainable competitive advantage. A pragmatic philosophical approach involving the use of the exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research designs was adopted. The findings substantiated the significance of institutional factors, innovation orientation, financial resources, size of the firm, perceived usefulness and managerial attitudes as drivers of e-business adoption. In addition, the number of e-business applications adopted by the firm and their usage rate were found to have positive impact on business efficiency and sustainable competitive advantage of the firm. Furthermore, the results showed a positive relationship between the firm’s business efficiency and its organisational and strategic sustainable competitive advantage. The study recommended that government and industry policy measures could focus on stimulating uptake of information communication technology applications through an integrated e-business concept.

Umali Saidi Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Linguistics Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Cracking the Nonverbal code: Analysing Cultural Artefacts of the BaTonga in Zimbabwe.”

The study explores BaTonga cultural artefacts within the realm of visual cultural communication. Using multi-perspective ways of theorizing from distinct fields of material cultural ethnography, semiotics and visual communication, the study reveals how BaTonga visually negotiate for socio-cultural space in the country against their 1950s historical experiences of displacement along the Zambezi valley. The study generates an understanding of how the BaTonga project their identity and de-marginalisation from which the study contributes significantly to scholarly academic and practice of policy-making on heritagisation and demarginalization in Zimbabwe as a whole. The thesis makes a high-level scholarly contribution to research in the African context on material culture giving insights

28 into the approach to multiculturalism advocated in terms of procedures of recognition of heritage and identity. Further, the thesis provides a framework to unlock historical information and ways to communicate it to all contemporary social groups in the country, region and beyond.

Edison Mutema Doctor of Philosophy in Local Governance Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “Governance and Ethics Architecture- A Study of five Urban Local Authorities in Zimbabwe.” The thesis examined the performance of the ethics architecture of urban local authorities in fighting corruption. A qualitative approach was employed to collect data from selected urban local authorities through documentary analysis, interviews and observations. The study revealed that the ethics architecture for the selected urban councils was not effective to counter corruption for several reasons, which included non-protection of whistle–blowers by law, non-enforcement of asset declaration among council officials, low salaries and moral leadership crisis among others. The study recommends the need for a proper socialisation of the inner person as well as legal recourse, exemplary leadership, well paid workforce, robust and balanced media platforms and active citizenry.

Gilbert Tarugarira- Doctor of Philosophy in History Awarding Institution Midlands State University

Thesis Title “A Historical Study of Zimbabwe’s African Elite: Configurations, Networks and Transitions: c. 1900- 2013.”

The thesis explored the history of African elite formation and the development of power relations within a socio-economic and political context in Zimbabwe. Patterns of social differentiation and mutation of elite organisation are traced for an understanding of elitist modes of social reproduction and transmission of privileged positions in society. Contrasting patterns of recruitment and selection in terms of career paths, the relative influence, visibility, power and prestige of different elite groups are considered. The thesis underscores that networking contacts among the elites occurred both formally and informally and these facilitated resource mobilization and ultimate access to power. Network concerns are developed to show the strategies that elites used in order to manipulate the course of social, economic, political change and the flow of material benefits. Although the thesis analyses questions of power, differentiation, coping and struggle not just as abstractions but as issues deeply rooted in the daily practices as well as experiences of the people of the Gutu District of Zimbabwe, it throws light on the critical issue of identifying elites for purposes of understanding how people access resources and deploy power.

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5.3.2. MSU staff who graduated with external universities in 2016

Thomas Marambanyika - Doctor of Philosophy in Geography Awarding Institution: University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Thesis Title: An Analysis of the Impact of Human Activity and Management Strategies on Wetland Processes in Southern Zimbabwe Abstract

The thesis focused on important questions concerning the sustainability of rural ecosystems in southern Zimbabwe, using the example of wetlands. The research employed methods spanning the ecological, geographical and human sciences to arrive at a holistic approach, identified by the examiners as one of the strengths of this work. The research is already informing government policy and has to date resulted in three papers in respected scientific journals.

Anna Gudyanga- Doctor of Philosophy in Education Awarding Institution: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Thesis Title: Participation of Zimbabwean Female Students in Physics: Subject Perception and Identity Formation.

Abstract

In her doctoral study, Anna investigates the extent to which various contextual factors influence the identity formation of A-level female students in relation to their perceptions of, and participation, in physics. Among other issues, the key factors that appear to have had a strong influence in shaping the identity of female students were: cultural perceptions; the influence of parents and siblings; O- level experience; A- level physics teachers’ attitudes; classroom and laboratory experience, a well a male peer influence.

The facets of identity formation revealed as positively contributing to the development of an orientation towards physics by female students included: the presence of female physics teachers as role models, the motivation from O- level science teachers, parental support and encouragement, high levels of self-confidence and self-esteem. The gender insensitivity displayed by male physics teachers, male peer harassment and gender stereotyping are key factors in identity formation found as inhibiting the development of an orientation towards physics by female students. The contribution to knowledge in this study lies in its focus on the relationship between female students’ identity and their participation in physics.

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The findings from the study provide a deeper understanding, both empirically and conceptually of the issue of female under-representation in science education within the constructs of identity and identity formation.

Canisius Manyumwa Doctor of Philosophy in Education Awarding Institution Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Thesis Title Teaching For Criticality: An Analysis of the Current Status at Two Teacher Education Colleges in Zimbabwe

Abstract

In this doctoral study entitled “Teaching for criticality: An analysis of the current status at two teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe”, Canisius Manyumwa has investigated the current prevalence of critical thinking skills and critical pedagogy in what he conceptualizes as criticality in teacher education colleges in Zimbabwe. The education system in Zimbabwe is an adoption and adaptation of former colonial education that ended in 1980 with the attainment of independence. However, much of the ethos and may of the practices of colonial education appear to have defied the transition, resulting in a transmission-based education system that is averse to critical thinking and critical pedagogy. This was a qualitative study that utilized a multi-site case-study approach. The study used Antonio Gramsci’s ‘cultural hegemony’ and Malewski and Jaramillo’s ‘epistemologies of ignorance’ as its theoretical framework. The main findings were that there were low levels of criticality in the teacher education programme because critical thinking and critical pedagogy were generally viewed negatively in those institutions. The key operational documents in the programme, the syllabus and the examination question papers, did not reflect any meaningful critical thinking or critical pedagogic concepts or demands. The research participants demonstrated an inadequate understanding of critical thinking and critical pedagogy.

From the findings in the study, the candidate suggested a nationwide campaign to raise teacher educators’ awareness of the nature and value of criticality. He also recommended some formal education programmes for key players in the teacher education system who could help to advance the current understanding of critical thinking and critical pedagogy.

Ennie Manyumwa Doctor of Philosophy in Education Awarding Institution Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Thesis Title A Framework for the Inclusion of Students With Visual Impairments: A Case Study of a Zimbabwe State University

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of students with visual impairments in a selected state university in Zimbabwe in order to develop a framework for their inclusion. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological and Bandura’s agentic theories served as the theoretical framework for this study, as they both stress the bi-directional relationship between an individual and the environment. A transformative paradigm guided this study. This paradigm emphasizes the need to improve the social situation of individuals with disabilities in order to bring about a more equitable society. A qualitative case study design which incorporated purposeful sampling in the selection of both the selected university and the participants was used. The data collection methods were rich in drawing together semi-structured interview, photo-voice, documentary analysis and observation. The data generated were analysed following emergent themes that were used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed that the university started enrolling visually impaired students in 2004, but the policy on such inclusion is still not clear.

The students’ positive experiences resulted from single room allocations and the support received from friends and caring staff. Negative experiences emanated from bureaucratic admission procedures, the challenges of adjusting to university life in the absence of orientation and mobility training, financial challenges, hostile social environment, and the students’ negative perceptions of themselves. The conclusion reached was that although the university was sensitive to issues of inclusion, there were still some deficiencies in the system that negatively impact on the inclusion of these students. The study recommended a synthesized framework, which shows the different committees and support systems that can be formed at different levels in order to facilitate the development of a comprehensive policy on inclusion, and to enable its implementation.

Nyasha Mapuwei Doctor of Philosophy in Media Studies Awarding Institution: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Thesis Title A Social-Semiotic engagement with representations of democratisation discourses in selected Zimbabwean Online Diaspora- based newspapers.

Abstract

This research is a critical examination of the role played by Zimbabwean Diasporic newspapers in railroading and buttressing democratisation engagements in this southern African nation. Using a comparative analysis of digital interactions hosted by diaspora-based newspapers ZimDaily.com, NewZimbabwe.com and The Zimbabwean.co, it examines democratic discourses and processes, comparing and contrasting findings with

32 representations and manifestations espoused by readers’ comments in the state-owned newspaper, The Herald.

Through both content analysis and critical discourse analysis, the candidate evaluates ways through which the online newspapers are facilitating democratic action among Zimbabweans. The cross-disciplinary assessment of online news communication fuses sociological, virtual, theological and political models, in order to explain, respectively, the actual events reported in the news, the online communication about these, and reader engagement with the online news media.

While democratic changes are palpable for online readers, the candidate concludes that this online critical space has not yet led to offline critical public engagement with news in the country. Virtual democracy is, however, developing robust discussion, as manifested in the network society that evolved as a platform for Zimbabweans to interact.

Collector T Chipfumbu Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology Awarding Institution: Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University

Thesis Title Engendering the meaningful use of electronic medical records: A South African perspective

Abstract

The use of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) holds promise of several benefits in healthcare provision. However, there is evidence that the adoption of electronic medical records has been slow, and where adopted, often lacks meaningful use. Thus, there is a clear dichotomy between the ambitious use of EMR and the reality of EMR implementation.

In South Africa, much work has been done to establish a baseline for standards- in order to ensure the interoperability and the data portability of healthcare applications and data. However, despite an increased focus on e- Health, South Africa remains excessively reliant on paper-based medical records. Where health –information technologies have been adopted, there is a lack of co-ordination between and within the provinces, leading to a multitude of systems and vendors. Thus, there is a lack of systematic adoption and the meaningful use of EMRs in South Africa.

In this research, a localized approach is used to engender the meaningful use of electronic medical records in South Africa. The candidate has developed the constituents required to engender the meaningful use of electronic medical records for improving clinical care in South Africa. The study is highly relevant to the current South African health-policy environment, with particular reference to the e- Health strategy, the National Health Normative Standards Framework, and the impending National Health Insurance. The contribution of the work is unique; and it provides proposals to assist decision-makers to

33 direct the use electronic medical records within the context of the country’s legislative and policy imperatives.

Zvenyika Eckson Mugari Doctor of Philosophy in Media Studies Awarding Institution: University of Witwatersrand South Africa

Thesis Title Rethinking News Values and Newsroom Practices in Postcolonial Contexts and the Construction of Subaltern Identities

Abstract

This study blends critical discourse analysis with ethnographic inquiry into the nature of discursive constructions of subaltern identities in postcolonial contexts of news production by mainstream news organisations in colonial and post-independence Zimbabwe. The main thrust of the study was to establish continuities and disjunctures in newsroom cultures of production in colonial and in post-independence situations in which marginalized former colonial subject populations are caught up. It employs a multidimensional synchronic and diachronic case study approach where one newspaper organization specifically The Herald’s coverage of episodic forced removals of subject populations is studied across different historical moments. The paper’s coverage is then critically compared and contrasted with that of other newspapers then in existence and contemporaneously operating at that time. The selected historical moments of forced removals were only heuristically chosen to the extent that they demonstrated the greatest potential for drawing media attention and thus present an opportunity for the ordinary subaltern populations to appear in the news. The content analysis generally tended to demonstrate that the same canibalesque evident in the newsification of subjects of colonial domination was pretty much evident in the way news in the post- independence period constructed the subalternity of marginalized groups. The institutionalization of the so called universal news values tend towards symbolic annihilation of subaltern ways of knowing. The newspaper as a cultural form, this study established, remains ill-suited and instrumentalised to serve the ends of emancipation and empowerment. The press in Zimbabwe retain many traces of its colonial parentage with serious negative ramifications for their claim to a democratic function

Mutambara Julia Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology Awarding Institution: University of Limpopo South Africa

Thesis Title Towards the Development of an Indigenous Psychological Trauma Model for War Veterans in Zimbabwe

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Abstract

Research has shown that war has negative psychological consequences and long-term effects that can be passed on from generation to generation. It has been observed that the effects of war trauma in African contexts are complicated by presence of other traumas like poverty, alienation, violence and politics. After the war, veterans lose their livelihood, their social network and sense of purpose and sometimes may engage in violence. At independence the Zimbabwean government did not make any efforts to address the psychosocial needs of war veterans to ensure their smooth reintegration into society. Little is known about Zimbabwe war veterans` conceptualisation of trauma.

This qualitative phenomenological study was aimed at exploring Zimbabwean war veterans` conceptualisation of trauma and their coping strategies. The ultimate goal was to develop a trauma model for Zimbabwean war veterans. The study was guided by the following research questions; 1) What are the Zimbabwean war veterans` conceptualisation of complex trauma?; 2) How do Zimbabwean war veterans cope with complex trauma in their lives? 3) What culturally relevant trauma model can be developed and utilized to explain the experiences of Zimbabwean war veterans? The study was informed by the Afrocentric paradigm. Criterion sampling was used to select twenty-six participants. Sixteen individual interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.

The research revealed five major themes covering the experiences of complex trauma among war veterans in Zimbabwe. These themes are social, economic, spiritual, political and personal trauma. Social trauma with its impact on relations was reported by most participants. Economic trauma encompassed poverty and incapability to afford basic provisions. Spiritually the veterans experienced a void as compared to the war period. Political events such as the emergence of new political parties and divisions within the party, were reported as distressing. Personal trauma was centred on identity concerns and failing to find meaning in life. Psychologically the war veterans had unresolved bereavement issues, felt worthless, were hopeless, lived in fear and harboured feelings of resentment.

The study findings revealed the following broad themes that described the participants` coping strategies; appraisal coping, social coping, problem focused coping, emotion focused coping and spiritual coping. Social coping strategies were centred on the benefits of relationships and spiritual coping addressed the role of God and spirits in alleviating distress. The coping strategies that were adopted by the study participants were informed by their culture, experiences and social context.

A cultural model of trauma was developed from the themes that emerged from the study. The model is unique as it acknowledges the fact that trauma for war veterans results from the interaction of a myriad of factors. The model therefore validates propositions by the Afrocentric paradigm that trauma in African contexts is multifaceted. The model emphasises the importance of the cultural context in the conceptualisation of trauma and the need to be knowledgeable about local constructs, meanings and languages that inform worldviews.

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The study recommends the need to be culturally sensitive to understand an individual`s behaviour, explanations of distress, symptom presentation and coping strategies. All cultures have their own unique explanatory models of trauma and distress and psychologists should avoid universally applying one cultural belief system. In line with the Afrocentric perspective, the study recommends a holistic and contextual approach when intervening among war veterans in Zimbabwe since it is through cultural lens that individuals give meaning to their existence and experiences.

Muziri Tavagwisa Doctor of Philosophy in Horticulture Awarding Institution: University of Stellenbosch

Thesis Title The Influence of Cell Bound Calcium, Cell Number and Size on the Development of Mealiness in ‘Forelle’ Pear. Evaluation of E-Ray CT and NIR as Non-Destructive Techniques for Mealiness Detection.

Abstract

‘Forelle’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) is the second most planted pear and the second highest generator of foreign exchange for pears in South Africa. It is favoured for its red blush, melting texture, sweet taste and pear flavour. However, ‘Forelle’ develops mealiness, a floury, soft and dry texture with low extractable juice. Consumers dislike mealy fruit. ‘Forelle’ mealiness has been characterized by a loss of cell to cell binding during ripening in a previous study. This study aimed to further understand the role of cell wall bound and free Ca2+, as well as the cell size and cell number in the development of mealiness in ‘Forelle’. In addition, two non-destructive methods for the detection of mealiness in intact pears were examined.

It was found that free Ca2+ constituted about 49-73% of the total cell Ca2+. Depending on farm origin, mealy fruit contained a lower free Ca2+ concentration compared to non-mealy pears. Plant growth regulators and selective blossom thinning that caused larger cells had a higher mealiness percentage. Scanning electron microscopy revealed larger intercellular spaces for treatments with a higher mealiness incidence. Macro X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) showed a higher percentage of defects in the neck of fruit that would become mealy after storage, and after softening. To our knowledge this is a first such finding. Micro (X-ray CT) found that cells of mealy fruit were larger and ellipsoidal in shape while non- mealy cells were smaller and more rounded. Mealiness was also associated with high fruit porosity.

A further study described physicochemical measurements which relate to mealiness. Mealy fruit were mostly larger with a higher total soluble solids (TSS), TSS:TA ratio and lower juice area and juice weight obtained by a confined compression method. Fourier transform near-infrared absorbance spectroscopy (FT-NIR) was employed to determine if spectra could

36 be used to distinguish between mealy and non-mealy fruit using sensory and TSS based schemes. Classification was done using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). This study showed that FT-NIR spectra can indeed be used to discriminate between mealy and non-mealy ‘Forelle’ pears. Two–class (mealy and non-mealy) discriminant analysis produced models with accuracies ranging from 51% to 95%. Mealiness caused an increase in transmittance in specific regions of the spectra. FT-NIR was then evaluated for the quantification of TSS using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Validated models had root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.76-0.94 and relative prediction deviation (RPD) = 1.53-2.17, with the equator blush consistently giving better performance for three farms making the model ideal for hand held FT-NIR applications. External validation results of farm location showed reduced model robustness. The decrease in prediction performance was attributed to the differing TSS ranges in locations and possibly seasons. It is recommended that future studies on FT-NIRs calibration models for ‘Forelle’ use fruit from wide origins with wide TSS ranges over various seasons.

Gumbo Lettiah Doctor of Philosophy in African Languages Awarding Institution: University of South Africa

Thesis Title Term Creation: The Strategies Used in Some Shona Specialized Dictionaries.

Abstract

This study is in the area of terminology activities in Zimbabwe and it analyses the term creation Used in the following selected specialised terms dictionaries: Duramazwi Reurapi Neutano Dictionary of Biomedical Terms), Duramazwi Remimhanzi (Dictionary of Shona Musical Terms), and Duramazwi Redudziramutauro NeUvaranomwe (Dictionary of Shona Linguistic and Literature Terms). The study specifically analyses and explores how terminographers together with health, music, language and literature specialists made use of their term creation skills and strategies in the creation of new specialised terms for the field of music, health and linguistics. In addition, this research takes into account the impact of factors such as culture, socio- economic, etymological purity, attitudes of the target users, language policy, as well as availability of resources on term creation. Hence, term creation is an exercise that involves many aspects and interlinked factors.

This research advances the argument that while some term creation strategies (compounding, coining and derivation) can be adequate and appropriate, however, at times; they are some which result in created terms that are rather cumbersome, vague, artificial, and difficult to master and remember. In addition, this study found out that some term creation strategies (semantic expansion and loan translations) are unproductive; that means they do not add any value on the Shona language vocabulary. Moreover, the borrowing term creation strategy was analysed on the basis of whether it is promoting and elevating the Shona language or is it undermining its value and vitality. This study emphasises the need for a collaborative approach to term creation, with terminologists, linguists, subject area specialists and target

37 language users during the different phases of word formation processes for the collective ownership of the created term and their acceptability to the target users. This study highlights that, through good term creation strategies the Shona Language can significantly contribute to the promotion and development of Shona language in Zimbabwe. Overally, the research yields a substantial amount of information in the terminological formation processes as well as the identification of factors that can be used to improve term creation strategies in order to develop indigenous languages for use in all spheres of life. The major contribution of this study is the identification and highlighting of the major strength and weaknesses of term creation strategies as a way of developing indigenous languages. The useful findings in this study will benefit the indigenous language development and language policy planners and terminologists in Zimbabwe and other African languages in similar situations. The significant amount of information about term creation that was used in the analysis of term creation in the three dictionaries was solicited from questionnaires and interviews that were carried out with linguists, the specialised dictionary compilers, music students, medical students and high school students doing Shona language and literature subject in Zimbabwe. More information on the term creation was done through content analysis of the three specialised dictionaries and the present researcher’s own experiences as a former Shona and English high school teacher, linguist and above all as a Shona language speaker.

Munemo Douglas Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies Awarding Institution: University of South Africa

Thesis Title: The Search for Peace, Reconciliation and Unity in Zimbabwe: from the 1978 Internal Settlement to the 2008 Global Political Agreement.

Abstract

This study is a critical examination of the complex search for peace, reconciliation and unity in Zimbabwe between the years 1978 and 2008, with a view to identify factors that have been blocking sustainable peace, national unity, reconciliation and development. It is a qualitative study which draws data from document analysis and oral interviews. The specific focus of the study is an analysis of the four peace agreements signed in this period namely; the 1978 Internal Settlement, the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement, the 1987 Unity Accord and the 2008 Global Political Agreement. Its central thesis is that coloniality in its multifaceted invisible forms is largely responsible for conflicts that have engulfed Zimbabwe and for compromising the chances of success of the four peace agreements. Coloniality has produced a ‘postcolonial’ leadership that has continued to practice politics in a violent, repressive, corrupt and unaccountable manner because of interpellation by the very immanent logic of colonialism that reproduces such inimical practices as racism, tribalism, regionalism and patriarchy. Theoretically, the study deploys de-colonial epistemic perspective in its endeavour to unmask and explain challenges to peace, unity, reconciliation and development in Zimbabwe. Finally, the thesis makes a strong case for pursuit of decoloniality as the panacea to conflicts and as an approach to conflict resolution and peace building that

38 privileges decolonization and deimperialization so that Zimbabwe’s development goals could be achieved.

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ANNEXURE 1: RESEARCH OUTPUT Faculty of Arts 2016 Publications

1. Ngulube, P & Gurira, N: “Using Contingency Evaluation Approaches to Assess Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism Use and Conservation of Outstanding Universal Value at Great Zimbabwe.”

2. Chiwara Davison & Richard Mudariki: “Conserving contemporary artworks: perspectives of artists and curators at the National Gallery of Zimbabwe.” Studies in Conservation, 61, 2, pp280-282.

3. Jakaza, E. and Visser M. W. 2016. ‘Subjectivity’ in newspaper reports on ‘controversial’ and ‘emotional’ debates: A multi-theoretical approach, Language Matters, Volume 47, Number 1, 3- 21.

4. Jakaza, E. and Visser M. W. 2016. Transformative Political Rhetoric: Argumentation and Evaluative meanings in Zimbabwean parliamentary debates, African Journal of Rhetoric, Volume 8: 258- 283.

5. Javangwe T. D. (2016), “Mythicized selves: constructions of political self identities in Joshua Nkomo’s The Story of my Life (1984) and Edgar Zivanai Tekere’s A Lifetime of Struggle (2007)”, African Identities, Volume 14, Number 1(Feb, 2016)

6. Javangwe T.D. (2016), "Colonial heterotopia as metanarrative in White Rhodesian writing: A post millennial reading of Peter Godwin’s Mukiwa: A White boy in Africa" in Journal of Literary Studies, October, 2016

7. Javangwe T.D. (2016), Postmodern epistemophilia: In search of ways of knowing and naming personal experience in Shimmer Chinodya’s Chairman of Fools (2005), in Matatu, Volume 48.1 pp180-191

8. Sabao, C. (2016). ‘Arguments for an appraisal linguistic discourse approach to the analysis of ‘objectivity’ in ‘hard’ news reports’. African Journalism Studies 37(1): 40 – 63.

9. Gijima, T. and Sabao, C. (2016). ‘Bi/multilingual voices and audiences? Code switching in Zimbabwean popular drama, Studio 263’. International Journal of Linguistics 8 (5): 40 – 57.

10. Ngoshi, H.T. (2016) Carnivalising Postcolonial Zimbabwe: the vulgar and grotesque logic of postcolonial protest in NoViolet Bulawayo’s We need new names (2013). Journal of Literary Studies, 32: 1. pp. 53-69.

11. Musanga, T. 2016 Perspectives of Zimbabwe – China relations in Winky D’s ‘Made in China’ and NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names (2013). Journal of African Cultural Studies. DOI: 10.1080/13696815.2016.1201654.

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12. Musanga, T. (2016) Zimbabwe’s land reform programme, migration and identity in Lawrence Hoba’s The Trek and Other Stories. Journal of African Identities. DO1: 10.1080/14725843.2016.1154814

13. Musanga, T. (2016) Zimbabwean transnational migration, (in) visible masculinities and the reconfiguration of gender in Shimmer Chinodya’s Chairman of Fools. Journal of Black Studies. 47 (4), pp. 365-378.

14. Musanga, T. and Manase, I. (2016) History, identity and migration in contemporary Zimbabwean biography as reflected in Peter Orner and Annie Holmes’ Hope Deferred: Narratives of Zimbabwean Lives. Journal of African Identities. 14 (3), pp. 273-287.

15. Sabao, C. (2016). ‘Shades of the GNU in Zimbabwe (2009 – 13). Linguistic discourse analysis of representations of transitional politics in Zimbabwean newspapers’. In Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo, Omondi Oketch and Asiru Hameed Tunde (eds). Political Discourse in Emergent, Fragile, and Failed Democracies. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global, pp 306 – 327.

16. Sabao, C and Visser, M. (2016). ‘Tearing up nationalist discourses? Appraisal analysis of representations of Joyce Mujuru and the ZANU PF factionalism dialectic in Zimbabwean newspapers’. In Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo, Omondi Oketch and Asiru Hameed Tunde (eds). Political Discourse in Emergent, Fragile, and Failed Democracies. Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global, pp 88 – 111.

17. Makhaye P: “Land Tax and Sustainable Use of Land for Food Security in Post-Land Reform Zimbabwe” in a book entitled “Innovations for Achieving Sustainable Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa”, OSSREA.

18. Hahlani H: “Impact of small scale dairy farming projects on rural livelihoods: The case of Mayfield dairy settlement scheme in Chipinge” (Accepted for publication in the Dyke)

19. Rwafa U: “Culture and Religion as Sources of Gender Inequality: Rethinking Challenges Women face in Contemporary Africa”, Journal of Literary Studies, Vol 1. No 1. 2016.

20. Rwafa U: “Beacons of Hope: Youths and their contribution to the Development of Theatre Industry in Zimbabwe”, Commonwealth Journal for Youths and Development. Vol 13, No 1. 18-29.

21. Rwafa U: “An encounter with the enigma: Some philosophical reflections on Hosiah Chipanga’s music”, Muziki, Journal of Music Research in Africa .Vol 12. No 1.122- 133.

22. Manyawu A, “Intertextuality as textual practice in Zimbabwean religious discourses: A textual analysis of the founding text of the African Apostolic Church”, South African Journal of African Languages Vol. 36 No. 1 of 2016.

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23. Manyawu A: “Allegoricalised metaphorical narrative in the Apostolic African Instituted Church founding text genre in Zimbabwe”. Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies Vol. No. 4 of 2016

24. Mwandayi C: “Precursor to restoration: Biblical violence in perspective” in J. Hunter (ed) The Bible and Violence in Africa, University of Bamberg Press, 2016.

25. Mwandayi C: Book Review- “For Freedom or Bondage? A critique of African Pastoral Practices”, Esther E. Acolatse, Cambridge, UK William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014, pp. 226 in Bremer T (ed), Theologische Revue, Verlag Aschendorff Münster, No.3, 2016

26. Chirongoma S: “Exploring the impact of economic and socio-political development on people’s health and well- being: A case study of the Karanga people in Masvingo, Zimbabwe” in Afe Adogame and Ignatius Swart (eds), “Engaging development: Contributions to a critical theological and religious debate”, HTS Theological Studies Volume 72, Issue 3 (2016)

27. Chirongoma S: “Eco-Feminism and Gender Justice: The Missing Link in Laudatio Si” (ed) Andrew Warback and Sue Rackozy Journal of Theology for Southern Africa Volume 150, No 2 (2016)

28. Sipeyiye M: “Ending Domestic Violence: tapping into the Shona religio-cultural resources” in LASU Journal of Humanities, Vol.16, July 2016, Faculty of Arts, Lagos State University, Nigeria

29. Sipeyiye M: “Ending Domestic Violence: tapping into the Shona religio-cultural resources” presented at a conference at Lagos State University, Nigeria under the theme: The Humanities and the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in Africa and Africa’s Diasporas, 20-23 July, 2015

30. Sipeyiye M: “Digitizing and digitalizing: Death-bed or lifeline for Ndau religion?” Paper presented at a conference at Lagos State University, Nigeria under the theme: Migration, Identity and Development: Africa and the Wider World in the Twenty-First Century, 2016, Nigeria

31. Mazarire G C: “The burrowed earth: Rodents in Zimbabwe’s environmental history” Critical African Studies, Volume 8, Number 2, 2016 pp.1-27

32. Mazarire G C: “Zimbabwe’s external networks, 1963-1979”, Journal of Southern African Studies, December 2016.

33. Mashingaidze T M: “Nationalism and its Discontents: The Liberation Struggle Legacies in Post-colonial Zimbabwe’s Contested Political Spaces,” African Journal of Democracy and Governance, Volume 2, Number 3 and 4, 2016.

34. Mashingaidze T M: “Unmasking Silences and Impunity: The Zimbabwe Peace Project`s e-Activism in a Polarised Political Dispensation, 2000-2013”, Africa Security Review, 25, 4, 2016.

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35. Mashingaidze T M: “Introduction” with N M Bhebe and G Mazarire, in Ngwabi N Bhebe, ed, Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accommodation, Gweru, Zimbabwe: Midlands State University Press, 2016.

36. Chakawa J: “Reconciliation, Integration and Healing for Former Security Force Auxiliaries in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Opportunities” N M Bhebe (ed), Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accomodation in Zimbabwe, Gweru, Midlands State University Press, 2016, pages 198-254.

37. Chakawa J: “Challenges of a Traditional Medical Practitioner in the Zimbabwean set- up: Primary Definers and Grassroots Perspectives”, The Dyke, Volume 9 Number 1, 2015, pages. 29-40.

38. Chakawa J: “Labour resistance on Rhodesian commercial farms: Echoes from Nicole Group of farms 1950-80.” Journal of Security and Tolerance, Volume 2, Number 2 2016 (3) pp. 32-48.

39. Chisi T H: “Hlengwe-Karanga Conflict in Matibi 2 of Chiredzi District”, in N M Bhebe (ed), Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accomodation in Zimbabwe, Gweru, Midlands State University Press, 2016, pages 1-55.

40. Goredema D: “Dimensions of wartime conflicts and local conciliatory Systems in Bikita, 1976 2013,” N M Bhebe (ed), Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accomodation in Zimbabwe, Gweru, Midlands State University Press, 2016, pages 93-142.

41. Ncube G T: “Rural dimensions of frontier communities as a source of conflict in Zimbabwe,” N M Bhebe (ed), Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accomodation in Zimbabwe, Gweru, Midlands State University Press, 2016, pages 170-197.

42. Tarugarira G: “A historical appreciation of the nexus between the colonial African elite-nationalist cleavages and the elusive conflict resolution and national healing efforts in post-colonial Zimbabwe”, 1960-1911, N M Bhebe (ed), Historical Perspectives on Violence, Conflict and Accomodation in Zimbabwe, Gweru, Midlands State University Press, 2016, pages 255-303.

43. Matiza V: “The mediation of gospel music in the Zimbabwe crisis” in the Journal of African Security Studies

44. Matiza V: “Language foe development through art in The case of Jerusalem, Mbende and Wosana dances” CASAS

45. Matiza, V.M: In pursuit of social justice: The manifestation of ngozi in Muchadura. Zimbabwe Journal of Theology and Religion Vol No Accepted for publication 2016

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46. Matiza V. M: Language for development through art: The case of Jerusalem/ Mbende and Wosana dances. Special Volume: Center for Advance Studies of African Society (CASAS) (forthcoming)

47. Tembo C: “Exponding on Ritual murder in selected novelistic discourses” in The Dyke

48. Tembo C, et al: “Children’s songs and human factor development: Analysing Shona indigenous children’s songs and imported English nursery rhymes”, (SAJAL).

49. Tembo, Muwati and Mutasa- Shona indigenous children’s songs and human factor development in the South African Journal of African Languages

50. Tembo and Maganga: Expounding the ritual murder phenomenon in Zimbabwean Shona Literature- Dyke

51. Nhongo R: Linguistic and cultural cognitive relevance of televised narratives to the Ndebele child in Bulawayo ( Linguam)

52. Nhongo R: Exploring English teaching methods and techniques used in Ndebele speaking areas in Zimbabwe (South African Journal of Education)

53. Gumbo L: “Once Upon A Time: The Folktale as a Pedagogical Tool in English as a Second Language (ESL) Teaching and Learning.” Ideal Journal of Education and Policy Studies Volume 2(5) 2016. pp. 154-159. (Co- published with Gumbo Irvine and Primrose Hlatshwayo)

54. Saidi U: “Communicating sexual needs in the kitchen: A relook at the traditional sadza cooking by the Shona people of Zimbabwe.” Repositioning the Humanities: Journal of Contemporary Research Vol. 2. No. 1, MSU Faculty of Arts, 2016., pp. 37-48.

55. Saidi U: “Symbols of social transformation: BaTonga Search for cultural relevancy in Zimbabwe”, The Dyke A Journal of the Midlands State University, 2016 Special Edition, MSU, 2016., pp.162-179.

56. Matandare S: “Inclusive Education and the plight of the hearing impaired in Zimbabwe.” Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 7(1) pp31-37.

57. Matandare S: “Nhasi Tadya Sadza neChicken: Shona- English Contact and the Effect of code Mixing”, Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 7(1) pp 264-270. Co-published with Mugomba Maureen.

58. Green F and Jhamba, D: “Creative ways of using ESL to name children”, In IOSR. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 21 . Issue1. pp 61-65.

59. Mugomba M: “Nhasi Tadya Sadza neChicken: Shona- English Contact and the Effect of code Mixing”, Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 7(1) pp. 264-270.

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60. Jhamba D: “Nurturing of Exceptional Talent in Early Childhood: a Case Study of Gweru Preschools” in JOPAGG International Journal of Politics and Good Governance Volume Vii No7.3

61. Jhamba D: “Women (dis)-empowerment through music in Zimbabwe: the struggle with the construct of a male dominated society.” In Repositioning the humanities; journal of contemporary research Vol 2 no1 pp. 84-87

62. Green, F. F. and Jhamba, D: “Creative ways of using ESL to name children” in IOSR. Journal of Humanities and Social Science Volume 21. Issue1. pp. 61-65.

63. Hlatswayo P: “The other side of social media: an Ubuntu approach”, International Journal of language and Linguistics, 4, (4) 153-156.

64. Hlatswayo P: ‘Generic Grouping in Newspapers: A systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach’, The International journal of Humanities and social studies, 4, (10), 105-112.

65. Hlatswayo P: “Teaching English for specific purposes in a changing Educational Context: A Case of Midlands State University’, International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 3, (1) 42-51.

Faculty of Commerce 2016 Publications

1. Chikoko L. (2016) Zimbabwe Financial Sector Deposit Insurance Scheme: Panacea to Promoting Public Confidence? International Journal of Business Vol 18 (4). ISSN: 2030-3050 2. Duve, R. Viljoen, J.W.J. and Tambudzai, Z. The State of Public sector ICT Infrastructure in Zimbabwe and its implications on service delivery, The Dyke No1 2016 pp13-23

3. Duve, R. and Tambudzai, Z. Impact of ICT on service management in the Zimbabwean public sector: A case of Zimbabwe National Road Administration (ZINARA). The Dyke 2016 Special Edition pp19-25

4. Duve, R. (2016) E government Effectiveness in Enhancing Service Delivery in The Zimbabwean Civil Service: A case of Registrar General’s Departments of Births and Deaths and Passports. Accepted for publication

5. Nkomazana, N. Sibanda, M. and Duve, R. (2016) Determinants of financial knowledge among adolescents. Studia Oeconomica, Volume 60, Issue 2, Pg: 55-65

6. Tambudzai, Z. and Chikuta, O. (2016) Institution of Special Economic Zones in Zimbabwe: Lessons from the International experience and Implications for tourism zone development, The Dyke, 2016 Special Edition pp26-41

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7. Mufudza, V. Kalman Kalotay. and Tambudzai, Z. (2016) Foreign Direct Investment and economic transformation in Sub Saharan Africa. The Dyke 2016 Special Edition pp1-18

8. Tambudzai, Z. Mufudza, V. and Kalotay, K. Trade and Growth Nexus in Zimbabwe: Quantifying the economic implications of joining the Tripartite free trade area. The Dyke 2016 Special Edition 9. Tambudzai, Z. Mufudza, V. and Kalotay, K. Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Transformation in Sub Saharan Africa: An interrogation of Literature. The Dyke 2016 Special Edition

10. Tambudzai, Z. and Mupfawi, J. Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Employment in Zimbabwe from 1985-2012. The Dyke 2016 Special Edition

11. Mugwati, M. Nkala, D. Mashiri, E. (2016) Experiences in the Zimbabwe Hotel Industry during Hyperinflation in Economic Management in a Hyperinflationary Environment : The Political Economy of Zimbabwe 1980-2008. Oxford USA

12. Mashiri, E. Dzingirai, C. and Nyamwanza, L. (2016) The Effects of Strategic Risk Management on Performance of Insurance Products. A Case of First Mutual Life Insurance. International Journal of Economics and Finance

13. Nyamwanza, L. Matsika, O. and Samugwede, O. (2016) Micro –determinants of customer level interoperability: A feasible study between traditional banks and mobile network operators in Zimbabwe. Journal of Business and Commerce 14. Kaja, P. and Munoangira, A. (2016) Strategies to enhance public confidence in the Zimbabwean Banking sector. European Journal of Business Management Vol 8

15. Manhiwa, T. Mapetere, D. and Mhonde, C. (2016) Survival Strategies: Case study of Retail Hardware, SMEs in Shurugwi in Zimbabwe. European –Journal of Business Management Vol 8

16. Ndlovu, N. Mafumbate, J. and Mafuka, A. (2016) The Impact of the ‘Buy Zimbabwe’ campaign on performance of Zimbabwean companies in the Retail sector. Journal of Economics and Behavioural studies Vol 8 pp227-236

17. Moyo, N.G. and Chivivi, O. (2016) Business Law for Zimbabwean Students Vol 1

18. Charumbira, M. and Chipunza, T. Fiscal anomalies in Zimbabwe: Election period influences (1984-2008), The Dyke special edition 2016

19. Mandina, S.P. and Masere, V.S. (2016) “A demand Generation Model to stimulate tourists” Purchase Intent, Africa International Journal of Management Education and Governance (AIJMEG) 1(2) PP 12-22

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20. Mandina, S.P. and Kurwiravamwe, J. (2016) Exploring the Effects of Service Recovery Strategies in the Electricity Supply in Zimbabwe. Journal of Applied Business and Economics Vol 18 pp77-102

21. Siphiwe, P. Mandina and Shamhuyashe, T. (2016) Unlocking Tourism Value through a Tourist Experience Management Paradigm. World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology. International Journal of Social Behavioural, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering Vol: 10 (11), 2016 (pp3614-3619)

22. Mandina, S.P. and Karisambudzi. J (2016) Customer Retention Strategies: A Panacea to Reducing Attrition in the Zimbabwean Airline Industry. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness Vol 10 (2) pp91-110

23. Marindiko, C. Masere, V.S. and Mandina, S.P. (2016) Determinants of Demand for Mobile Money Transfer Services in Zimbabwe. Researchers World –Journal of Arts, Science and Commerce (Online ISSN: 2229-4686)

24. Masere, V.S. Mutaga, M. Kaja, P. and Mandina, S.P (2016) “Breaking the Poverty cycle in the informal sector of Zimbabwe. The role of human capital development and economics. A case of Gweru Zimbabwe” In press, Dyke special issue on Economic Intergration, Entrepreneurship and sustainable development

25. Manzote, E. and Mandishekwa, R. Exports –Led Growth: Zimbabwe’s experience and lessons for the future, The Dyke special edition 2016 pp52-59

26. Mandishekwa, R. Determination of Government size in Zimbabwe: Application of Armey curve. The Dyke Special Edition 2016 pp222-229

27. Mupemhi, R. Mugwati, M. Nkala, D. and Machingura, T. (2016) Emotional Marketing in the Hardware Industry. The Dyke Special edition. pp42-59

28. Marufu, B. and Manenji, T. (2016) The Impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions , Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy and Governance (ISSN 2394-3351) Vol 3 (2016) pp84-101

29. Zhou, Z. (2016) Implications of China’s Approved Tourism Destination status on Zimbabwe’s Tourism Environment: Insight from local and Government Tourism Groups in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Systems, Vol 5, pp 44-52

30. Zhou, Z. (2016) Post Evaluation of Zimbabwe as a Preferred Tourist destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure. Vol 5 pp1-15.

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Faculty of Education 2016 Publications

1. Gudyanga, A. Mandizvidza, V. Gudyanga, E. (2016) Participation of rural Zimbabwean female students in mathematics: The influence of perception. Curriculum & Teaching studies Cogent Education, 3: 1156836, pp.1-14

2. Gudyanga, A. (2016) Zimbabwean female participation in physics: Factors of identity formation considered as contributing to developing an orientation to physics by female students. Journal of Education and Practice Vol.7, No.26, pp.159-171.

3. Gudyanga, A. (2016) Zimbabwean female participation in physics: Facets of identity formation considered to be of significance by female students in relation to physics. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.7 (35), pp. 135-148. ISSN 2222-1735

4. Gudyanga, E. (2016) Participation of rural Zimbabwean female students in mathematics: The influence of perception. Cogent Education, 3(1) 1-14 DOI 10.1080/2331186X.2016.1156836.

5. Chauraya, M. Mashingaidze, S. S (2016) In-service teachers’ perceptions and interpretations of students’ errors in mathematics. A paper accepted for publication in International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning 6. Chauraya, M (2016) The Importance of Identity in a Professional Learning Community. Book Chapter in K Brodie & H Borko (Eds.) Professional Learning Communities in South African Schools and Teacher Education Programmes, HSRC Press, Cape Town, pp 196-213. ISBN 978-0-7969-2548-0 7. Musingarabwi, S. (2016) Lecturers Use of ICTs to implement a Curriculum at a Teacher Training College in Zimbabwe. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. Volume 4. No.4.

8. Musingarabwi, S. (2016) Teachers’ Curriculum Adaptation and Symbolic Representations of Zimbabwe’s Primary School AIDS Curriculum: A Case Study. Journal of Educational Studies. Volume 2. Issue 3

Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agriculture 2016 Publications

1. Manenji, B. Mushipe, H. Chagonda, I. Mubarani, M.T, Chandiposha, M (2016) Effects of Tianda 2116 Plant Growth And Yield Of Winter Wheat. Scientific Research Publishing. American Journal of Plant Sciences http://hdl.handle.net/11408/1057

2. Mabvongwe, O. Manenji, B.T. Gwazane, M. Chandiposha, M. (2016). The Effect of Pactobutrazol Application Time and Variety on Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato, Advances in Agriculture. http//dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1585463

3. Muhwiridza, M. Manenji, B. Madanzi, T. Mahohoma, W. (2016) Evaluating the effects of chemical ripening with fluazifob.p.butyl on sugarcane (saccharum

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officinarum) yield of sugar content. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. Vol 9, No.6; p1-8.

4. Masaka, J. Chimwanda, N. Chagonda, I. Chandiposha, M. (2016) A Comparative Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Composited Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) With Pine Bark Growing Media in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabucum) Seedling Production. Advances in Agriculture. Hindawi Publishing Cooperation. Vol 2016

5. Mapuranga, R. Jimu, F. Musiniwa, F. Muzema, S. Madanzi, T. (2016) Efficiency of Aqueous Extracts of Aloe Zebrina Baker, Capsicum Annum L and Melia Azedarach L Against Aphis Gossypic Glover (Homoptera: Aphididea). International Journal of Agriculture Resources. Vol 9 (2), P 36-46

Faculty of Law 2016 Publication 1. Chakauya, F(2016) An analysis of the implementation of the Zim Asset pillar on ICT development policy in achieving results through independent regulation of the telecommunications sector in Zimbabwe: a case study of mobile telephony. The Dyke; Special edition; p. 201-217

2. Chirambwe, J. J. (2016) The constitutional guarantee to fair labour practices: the recommendations to inform policy. http://hdl.handle.net/11408/1879

Faculty of Medicine 2016 Publications

1. Gonah, L. & Mutambara, J. (2016) Determinants of weaning Practices among mothers of Infants aged below 12 in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. Annals of Global Health – Elsevier.

2. Mutambara, J. Mudhovozi, P. & Madanhire, C. (2016) “If you don’t swim with us you are a pig.” The experiences of children with albinism living in a rural area. Dzimbabwe Journal of Multidisciplinary Research.

3. Mutambara, J. (2016) Suicidal Ideation and hopelessness among students at a university in Zimbabwe. Dyke. In Press

4. Maseko, M. Maphosa, S. Mutambara, J. Bangidza, W. (2016) To cut or not to cut. Factors influencing the uptake of voluntary male circumcision among older men in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The Dyke Volume 10

5. Mutambara, J. (2016) Enhancing Psychosocial Support through Positive Youth Development: Narratives from Orphans in Zimbabwe. Journal of Child & Adolescent Behavior, 3. 264

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Faculty of Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering

1. Chigumira, G, Mamuse, A., Dube, C, Chiwunze, G., Mudzonga, E and Manamike, I. 2016. Best practices for supporting artisanal and small-scale mining in Zimbabwe. ZEPARU, Harare, 65 p.

2. Chigumira, G, Mamuse, A., Dube, C, and Matsika, W. 2016. Reconfiguration of the Zimbabwe Geological Survey. ZEPARU, Harare, 56 p.

3. Mamuse A, and Watkins, R. 2016. High fluoride drinking water in Gokwe, NW Zimbabwe. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene Development 06, 55-64. http://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/6/1/55

4. I. S. Mpofu, E. Muleya, W. Mutatu. (2016) Optimization of Lead Electrodeposition From Leachant of Lead Laden Cupels. Open Access Library Journal Vol 3 pp1-10

5. Nyakubaya Keith, Muleya Eddwina and Mutatu Washington (2016) Selective Froth Floatation concentration of antimonite ore from a mixture of antimony, lead and arsenic ores. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) 3:5 pp 25-29

6. Marazani T., D. M. Madyira, E. T. Akinlabi, “Repair of cracks in metals: a review” in Procedia Manufacturing, 14th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, GCSM 3-5 October 2016, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2016.

7. Marazani T, D. M. Madyira, E. T. Akinlabi, “Investigation of the parameters governing the performance of jet impingement quick food freezing and cooling systems – a review”, in Procedia Manufacturing, 14th Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing, GCSM 3-5 October 2016, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 2016.

Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Publications

1. U Guyo, K Sibanda, E Sebata, F Chigondo, M Moyo, Removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution by Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) pods biomass, Water Science and Technology 73 (10), 2301-2310, 2016 2. M Moyo, A Chirinda, T Nharingo, Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solution Using Chemically Treated Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Leaf Powder, CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water 44 (5), 488-495, 2016 3. SA Kanu, M Moyo, CM Zvinowanda, JO Okonkwo, Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution using Rooibos shoot powder (RSP), Desalination and Water Treatment 57 (12), 5614-5622, 2016 4. T Nharingo, M Moyo, C Mahamadi, Kinetics and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of Cr (VI) by vigna subterranean (L.) verdc hull, International Journal of Environmental Research 10 (1), 85-96, 2016 5. T Nharingo, M Moyo, Application of Opuntia ficus-indica in bioremediation of wastewaters. A critical review, Journal of environmental management 166, 55-72, 2016

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6. M Moyo, G Nyamhere, E Sebata, U Guyo, Kinetic and equilibrium modelling of lead sorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon from goat dung, Desalination and Water Treatment 57 (2), 765-775, 2016 7. G Mehlana, G Ramon, SA Bourne, A 4-fold interpenetrated diamondoid metal- organic framework with large channels exhibiting solvent sorption properties and high iodine capture, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 231, 21-30, 2016 8. P Moyo, T Mugadza, G Mehlana, U Guyo, Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon–ethylenediamine–cobalt (II) tetracarboxyphthalocyanine conjugate for catalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid, Research on Chemical Intermediates 42 (8), 6511-6529, 2016 9. P Pagano, P Pelagatti, A Bacchi, MR Chierotti, SA Bourne, G Mehlana, Sorption properties toward environmentally important VOCs of half-sandwich Ru (II) complexes containing perylene bisimide ligands, Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry 47 (3), 427-432, 2016 10. M Shumba, T Nyokon, Electrocatalytic Activity of Nanocomposites of Sulphur Doped Graphene Oxide and Nanosized Cobalt Phthalocyanines, Electroanalysis 28 (12), 3009-3018, 2016 11. M Shumba, T Nyokong, Development of nanocomposites of phosphorus-nitrogen co- doped graphene oxide nanosheets and nanosized cobalt phthalocyanines for electrocatalysis, Electrochimica Acta 213, 529-539, 2016 12. M Shumba, T Nyokong, Characterization and Electrocatalytic Activity of Nanocomposites Consisting of Nanosized Cobalt Tetraaminophenoxy Phthalocyanine, Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles, Electroanalysis 28 (7), 1478-1488, 2016 13. M Shumba, T Nyokong, Electrode modification using nanocomposites of boron or nitrogen doped graphene oxide and cobalt (II) tetra aminophenoxy phthalocyanine nanoparticles, Electrochimica Acta 196, 457-469, 2016 14. M Shumba, P Mashazi, T Nyokong, “Turn on” fluorescence enhancement of Zn octacarboxyphthaloyanine-graphene oxide conjugates by hydrogen peroxide, Journal of Luminescence 170, 317-324, 2016 15. AC Tella, SO Owalude, G Mehlana, SJ Olatunji, DO Adetitun, Synthesis, thermal properties, and biological study of metal (II) nicotinamide complexes containing fumarate dianion and fumaric acid: Crystal structure of [Ni (H2O) 4 (nia) 2](fum)·(H2fum), Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry 47 (6), 859-864, 2016 16. F Chigondo, B Zeelie, P Watts, Selective Direct Synthesis of Trialkoxysilanes in a Packed Bed Flow Tubular Reactor, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 4 (11), 6237-6243, 2016 17. F Chigondo, P Watts, Disproportionation of Triethoxysilane over Anion Exchange Resins, Catalysis Letters 146 (8), 1445-1448, 2016 18. M Chigondo, F Chigondo, Recent Natural Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel: An Overview, Journal of Chemistry 2016 19. M Moyo, S Lindiwe, E Sebata, B Nyamunda, U Guyo. (2016) Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Cd (II) from aqueous solution by biochar. Research on chemical intermediates 42 (2) 20. K Munguambe, H Boene, M Vidler, C Bique, D Sawchuck, T Firoz, Makanga P. (2016) Barriers and facilitators to health care seeking behaviours in pregnancy in rural communities of southern Mozambique. Reproductive health 13 (1), 31

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21. PT Makanga, N Schuurman, P von Dadelszen, T Firoz. (2016) A scoping review of geographic information systems in maternal health. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 134 (1), 13-17 22. T Firoz, M Vidler, PT Makanga, H Boene, R Chiaú, E Sevene, LA Magee, (2016) Community perspectives on the determinants of maternal health in rural southern Mozambique: a qualitative study. Reproductive health 13 (2), 112 23. PT Makanga, N Schuurman, C Sacoor, H Boene, P Von Dadelszen,(2016) Guidelines for creating framework data for GIS analysis in low‐and middle‐income countries. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 60 (3), 320-332 24. RT Mapamula, C Paradzayi, E Kurwakumire (2016) A Comparative study of cadastre 2014 and the Zimbabwean cadastral system. South African Journal of Geomatics 5 (1), 31-48 25. S Musungwini, G Mahlangu, B Mugoniwa, SS Furusa. (2016) Framework for threat modelling for a power utility: case of Zimbabwe Power Utility Company. International Journal of Computer Science and Business Informatics 16 (1) 26. S Musungwini. (2016) A framework for monitoring electricity theft in Zimbabwe using mobile technologies. Journal of Systems Integration 7 (3), 54 27. S Musungwini, B Mugoniwa, SS Furusa, TG Rebanowako. (2016) An analysis of the use of cloud computing among university lecturers: a case study in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Education and Development using Information. Vol. 12, Issue 1, pp. 53-70. 28. A Nechibvute, A Chawanda and P Luhanga, Networks”, IEEE Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design, 978-1-5090-2817-7, 2016 29. U Guyo, M Moyo. Cowpea pod (Vigna unguiculata) biomass as a low-cost biosorbent for removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution, Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2017

Faculty of Social Sciences Publications

1. Marambanyika, T. Beckedahl, H. R. Ngetar, N. S. & Dube, T. (2016) Assessing the environmental sustainability of cultivation systems in wetlands using the WET-health framework in Zimbabwe, Physical Geography. DOI:10.1080/02723646.2016.1251751

2. Marambanyika, T. Beckedahl, H. & Ngetar. N.S. (2016) Community strategies to promote sustainable wetland-based food security in rural areas of Zimbabwe. GeoJournal. DOI: 10.1007/s10708-016-9724-0

3. Marambanyika, T. & Beckedahl, H. (2016) The missing link between awareness and the implementation of wetland policy and legislation in communal areas of Zimbabwe, Wetlands Ecology and Management, 24 (5), 545 -563. DOI: 10.1007/s11273-016-9486-y

4. Marambanyika, T. & Beckedahl, H. (2016) Wetland utilization patterns in semi-arid communal areas of Zimbabwe between 1985 and 2013 and the associated benefits to livelihoods of the surrounding communities, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 71 (2), 175 – 186. DOI: 10.1080/0035919X.2016.1152520

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5. Mutekwa, V.T. & Gambiza, J. (2016) Assessment of governance principles application in forest protected areas: The case of six state forests in western Zimbabwe, International Forestry Review, Journal of the Commonwealth Forestry Association, 18 (4), 466-484, DOI: 10.1505/146554816820127613

6. Kusena, W., Desai, S., Beckedahl, H. & Chemura, A. (2016) Assessing Public Participation in Water Conservation and Water Demand Management in Water Stressed Urban Areas: Insights from the City Of Gweru, Zimbabwe. Review of Social Sciences, 1(8), 30 – 43.

7. Kusena, W. & Dewa, F. (2016) The sanitation situation of Rimuka high density suburb, Kadoma, Zimbabwe. OSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(1), 25 – 31.

8. Muringaniza, K.C.R. & Jerie, S. (2016) Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Commercial Farming Region of Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe. Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review 32(1):119-142

9. Jerie, S. (2016) Occupational Risks Associated with Solid Waste Management in the Informal Sector of Gweru, Zimbabwe. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016(1):1-14

10. Bhebhe, M. & Hove, E. 2016. Workplace Romance: rationale for human resource practitioners’ intervention: a case of a local authority in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Asian Social Science.

11. Nyanhete, T. and Mkandatsama, P. 2016. Human resource planning in an unstable economy - challenges faced: A case of state universities in Zimbabwe.

12. Mhiripiri, N.A & Moyo, B.S (2016) “A Resilient Unwanted Civil Society: The Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe’s Use of Facebook as Alternative Public Sphere in a Dominant Homophobic Society” in B. Mutsvairo (ed), Digital Activism in the Social Media Era: Critical Reflections on Emerging Trends in sub-Sahara Africa, Springer.

13. Mhiripiri, N.A & Ureke, O. (2016) “Mobile Journalism, Cellphilms and the Use of the StoryMaker Multimedia Software at a Zimbabwean Media Training University”, in Laura Briz-Ponce, Juan Antonio Juanes-Méndez, Francisco José García-Peñalvo (eds) Handbook of Research on Mobile Devices and Applications in Higher Education, Hershey PA: IGI Global.

14. Chari, T and Mhiripiri, N.A (2017) Rethinking Media Law and Ethics in the Digital Ages: Isssues, Challenges and Controversies. In Mhiripiri, N.A & Chari, T. (eds), Media Law and Ethics in the Digital Age. Hershey PA: IGI Global.

15. Mhiripiri, N.A & Chikakano, J. (2017) Criminal Defamation, the Criminalisation of Expression, Media and Information Dissemination in the Digital Age: A Legal and

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Ethical Perspective”, In Chari, T. & Mhiripiri, N.A (2017). “Rethinking Media Law, Ethics and Policy in the digital Age”, In Mhiripiri, N.A & Chari, T. (eds), Media Law and Ethics in the Digital Age. Hershey PA: IGI Global.

16. Mhiripiri, N. A & Chari, T (2017). Media Law, Ethics and Policy in the Digital Age. Hershey PA: IGI Global.

17. Ncube, N. Perceived school climate factors of bullying among Gweru urban high school adolescents, The Dyke (Journal of the Midlands State University)

18. Mambende, B & others: Factors Influencing Youth Juvenile Delinquency at Blue Hills Children's Prison Rehabilitation Centre in Gweru, Zimbabwe: An Explorative Study International Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Education 3 (4) 27-34

19. Maseko, M. Maphosa & others: Factors influencing the uptake of voluntary circumcision among old men in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The Dyke 10 (1) 24-32

20. Ureke, O. (2016) ‘State interference, para-politics and editorial control: The Political Economy of ‘Mirrorgate’ in Zimbabwe’, Journal of African Media Studies 8(1), pp17-34.

21. Mhiripiri, N.A and Ureke, O. (2016), ‘Mobile Journalism, Cellphilms, and the use of the Storymaker multimedia softaware at a Zimbabwean media training university’ in L. Briz-Ponce, J.A. Juanes-Mendez and F.J. Garcia-Penalvo. (Eds), Handbook of Research on Mobile Devices and Applications in Higher Education Settings, pp318- 343.

22. Chibuwe, A & Ureke, O. (2016) “Political gladiators” on Facebook in Zimbabwe: A discursive analysis of intra-Zimbabwe African National Union PF cyber wars; Baba Jukwa vs Amai Jukwa,’ Media Culture & Society, 38(8), pp1-14.

23. Ureke, O and Washaya, Y. (2016) ‘Social commentary, subaltern voices and the alternative medium of Zimdancehall music. Unpacking the music of Winky D and Sniper Storm,’ inMuziki: Journal of Music Research in Africa, 13(1), pp68-88.

Faculty of Social Sciences Book Chapters

1. Madebwe, C. & Madebwe, V. 2016. Forced Removals and Hidden Power: Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in Marange. In Facets of Power: Politics, Profits and People in the Making of Zimbabwe's Blood Diamonds, edited by R Saunders and T Nyamunda. Weaver Press: Harare: 157-170. 2. Jerie, S. (2016) ‘Urban youth unemployment in Zimbabwe: Nature, Challenges and Consequences, in Urban Youth Unemployment in Eastern and Southern Africa edited by P. Mihyo and T. Mukuna, pages 41-61, OSSREA.

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Faculty of Social Sciences Books

1. Matsa, M. & Marambanyika, T. (eds.) (2016) Climate Change, Environmental Change and Community Development in Zimbabwe. MSU Press (In Press) 2. Chibuwe A. (2016) Political gladiators’ on Facebook in Zimbabwe: A discursive analysis of intra-ZANU-PF cyber wars; Baba Jukwa versus Amai Jukwa. Media, Culture & Society, 1-14. DOI: 10.1177/0163443716671492. 3. Ncube L.The nexus of ‘Zim Dancehall’ Music and Power Discourse in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies.

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ANNEXURE 2: MPHIL AND DPHIL REGISTERED STUDENTS AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 Registered DPhil Students as at 31 December 2016

NAME DEPARTMENT THESIS WORKING TITLE 1 Canaan Rushizha Agriculture Economics “An Analytical Review of the Strategic Options for Revival, Growth and Sustainability of Zimbabwe National Tobacco Output” 2 Norman Mupaso Agriculture Economics “Smallholder Irrigation and Poverty Alleviation Nexus in Rural Zimbabwe” 3 Tendai Maparara Agriculture Economics “Transaction Costs Analysis in Common Property Resource Management in Irrigation Schemes, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe”. 4 Nyasha Chipunza Agriculture Economics “Economic Analysis of Precision Farming in Tobacco Production in Zimbabwe”. 5 Charles Nyamutowa Agriculture Economics “Implications of Agricultural Commodity Price Variability and Volatility on Rural Poverty in Zimbabwe” 6 Joseph Chivizhe Agricultural Practice “Agricultural productivity and poverty prevalence among the smallholder irrigation scheme farmers in the Midlands province” 7 Takura Mukarati Agronomy “Effects of Seed Priming on the Germination Performance of Tobacco Seeds” 8 Innocent Pahla Horticulture “Distribution Abundance and Host Plant Interaction of Native Parasitoids of the Invasive Liriomyza Species in Zimbabwe”

9 Casper Nyamukanza Livestock & Wildlife “Evaluating the Response of Woody Species to Hervibory in a Management Moist (Sourveld) Savanna in Zimbabwe”

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10 *Donald Chisowa Livestock & Wildlife “Mitigating the Effects of Drought through Improved Livestock Management Feeding Strategies among Smallholder Dairy Producers in Zambia ” 11 Bester Mudereri Livestock & Wildlife “Meteorological, Micro-Evolutionary and Phenotypic Plasticity Management Stimulus on Scheduling, Geographical Flux and Migration Dynamics of Blue Swallows (Hirundo atrocaerulea) between Wintering and Breeding Sites: A Geolocator Study”

12 Kizito Kunaka Livestock & Wildlife “Economic Values and Breeding Strategy of Small-Scale Management Commercial Dairy Enterprises in Zimbabwe” 13 Caston Makaka Biological Sciences “Diversity of Aquatic Macro Invertebrates of the Tokwe and Mukosi Rivers, Masvingo, Zimbabwe: A Pre Impoundment Study” 14 *Edward Mufandaedza Biological Sciences “Forest and People Interactions in the South East Lowveld, Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Imbresia Belina Dynamics” 15 Joseph Bare Biological Sciences “Characterisation of the Angoumois Grain Moth, Sitroga Cerealella, in Agro-Ecological Regions of Zimbabwe: Implications for Management” 16 Piwai Tshuma Chemical Technology “Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Useful Products Using Novel Metal-Organic Frameworks” 17 Ngceboyakwethu P Chemical Technology “Discovery and Development of Gamma Secretase Modulators Zinyama for Breast Cancer Therapy” 18 Courage Mudzingwa Physics “HP Propagation tool for Southern Africa”

19 Valentine Gora Physics “Electrical and Structural Characterization of Metal Silicon Carbides” 20 Bernard Siachingoma Physics “Geophysical Mapping of the Occurrence of Platinum Group Elements in the Main Sulphide Zone of the Great Dyke in Zimbabawe”

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21 Tecklah Usai Food Science and “Designing a Dietary Regimen and Consideration of Habits to Nutrition Reduce Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease” 22 Shepherd Manhokwe Food Science and “Anaerobic Treatment of High Strength Food-processing Nutrition effluents in Zimbabwe” 23 Doroth Chinofunga Food Science and “Dietary Regimen for Menopausal Effects” Nutrition 24 Isabel Matiringe Food Science and “Occurrence of Pesticides’ Residues in Raw Fruits, Raw Nutrition Vegetables and Potable Water and their Potential Effects to Human Health in the Midlands Province” 25 Cleopas Njerekai Tourism and Hospitality An Exploration of the Green Tourist Market for Zimbabwe’s Management Tourism and Hospitality Industry

26 Zibanai Zhou Tourism and Hospitality “An Exploratory Study of Houseboat Tourism and its Economic Management Influence on Local Communities: A Case of Kariba Community”

27 *Auxilliah Mnangagwa Tourism and Hospitality “Evaluating the efficiency of hotels in Zimbabwe: A Data Management Envelopment Analysis Approach.”

28 *Alpha Manjera Graduate School of “An Examination of Corporate Leadership and Corporate Business Leadership Culture in the Facilitation of Business Innovation in the Agribusiness Sector of Zimbabwe”

29 *Lorreita Mumbengegwi Graduate School of “Gender Roles and Leadership Effectiveness. A Case of Business Leadership Zimbabwean Women in Leadership Positions”

30 *Timothy Mukahlera Graduate School of “Small and Medium Enterprises as Engines for Growth in Business Leadership Zimbabwe”

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31 *Voronika Kuwengwa Graduate School of “An Evaluation of the Impact of Marketing Strategies on Business Leadership Stakeholders’ Response to Community Share Ownership Trusts, in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Trusts Launched in Partnership with Platinum Mines in Midlands Province”

32 *Daniel Kuwengwa Graduate School of “An Impact Assessment of how Funding can Affect Sport Business Leadership Development. A Case of Zimbabwean Football Association” 33 *Ernest Muchenjekwa Graduate School of The Impact of Enforcement on Road Safety in Zimbabwe Business Leadership 34 Shingirai Sikomwe Business Management A study of the Validity of Corporate Governance practices in Small- To- Medium Enterprises: A Zimbabwean Perspective from 2000-2011 35 Richard Duve Business Management “Adoption of E-Government initiatives in the enhancement of customer-focused Service Management Systems in Zimbabwean Civil Service” 36 Alfred Mafuka Business Management “A Critical Analysis of the Role of Innovation Agents on State Investment Strategies in Zimbabwe’s Manufacturing Sector”. 37 Lovemore Mutandwa Business Management “Fostering Corporate Governance in Pentecostal Church Organisations in Zimbabwe” 38 Precious Kandufa Business Management “Influence of Leadership (CEO) Tenure on Organisational Performance in a Zimbabwean Context” 39 Doreen Nkala Business Management “Examining the Adoption Levels of Socially Responsible Investing by Zimbabwean Firms and its Impact on Firm Financial Performance: A Multi-Sector Approach” 40 Siphiwe Mandina Business Management “Predicting Nature-Based Tourist Attraction Competitiveness. The Case of Victoria Falls” 41 Miriam Mugwati Business Management Female Directors’ Presence in the Boardrooms: Strategy for Reducing Corporate Scandals in Zimbabwe.

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42 Ronicah Mupemhi Business Management Impact of CEO share holding on unethical business practices in private sectors.

43 Courage Masamba Marketing “Societal Marketing for Sound Service Delivery in the Commuter Operators Business in Harare Metropolitan Province” 44 Alex Marufu Marketing “A Qualitative Analysis of Zimbabwe’s Higher Education Institutions Entrepreneurial Intentions on Graduates: A Case Of Midlands State University.” 45 Maruva Mumanyi Business Management “Modeling Individual Consumer Characteristics, Product Information and Consumer Confusion: Lessons from the Edible Mushroom Value Chain” 46 Barbra Marufu Marketing Ethics in Retailing: Perceptions of Consumers, Management and Sales Personnel in Gweru, Zimbabwe”

47 Story Masiyiwa Marketing “Social Security in Zimbabwe: Streaming the System to Achieve Social Inclusion” 48 Denver Mapetere Entrepreneurship “Strategy implementation in commercialized state owned enterprises in Zimbabwe: Towards a result oriented framework.” 49 Severino Mavhiki Entrepreneurship “Traditional Leadership succession in Family Businesses in Zimbabwe: An Exploratory Multiple Case Study.” 50 * Geoffrey Nhamo Entrepreneurship “An Investigation into Entrepreneurship and Strategic Kambare Transformation towards Corporate Renewal in Zimbabwe” 51 Martin Charumbira Economics “Investigating the Loose Ends on the Relationship between HIV/AIDS and Poverty in Zimbabwe” 52 Robson Mandishekwa Economics “Internal Displacement, its Economic Consequences and the Quantification of Life Satisfaction”

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53 *Veronica Mufudza Economics “FDI and Economic Transformation in Southern Africa: Quantifying Multinational Companies’ Spillovers in the SADC Region.” 54 Eddson Ndlovu Economics Determinants of the Demand for Curative Health Care in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. 55 Philemon Mvura Accounting “Understanding Corporate Tax Compliance in Post Hyperinflationary Zimbabwe.” 56 Charity Mhaka Accounting “Financial Reporting Framework, Professionalism on Quality of Financial Reporting Quality in a Public Sector Setting.” 57 Lilian Nyamwanza Accounting “Value Relevance of Corporate Sustainable and Social Reporting (CSSR) on Perceived Value of the Firm.” 58 Sephath Mlambo Retail Management “A Study of Flea Market Retailing in the Central Business District of Gweru” 59 *Never Apton Retail Management “Critical Success Factors in Competitive Purchasing and Supply Chain Management in Public Procurement in Zimbabwe: The Five Rights of Purchasing Versus Market and National Realities” 60 Cynthia Mupfiga Retail Management “A Qualitative Analysis of Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Green Logistics: Gweru, Zimbabwe”. 61 Simbarashe Chitima Archaeology and “An Appraisal of the Museum Programmes in Zimbabwe: Museum Studies Developing a Model that Constitutes a Good Education Programme for Primary School Students” 62 Malvern Mabgwe Archaeology and “Pre-Colonial Food Storage of the Last 2000 Years: An Museum Studies Analysis of Change in Technology and Ideologies through Space and Time across the Zimbabwean Plateau” 63 Petronella Katekwe Archaeology and “The Management of Zimbabwe’s Memory beyond National Museum Studies Borders: The Case of Liberation Heritage”

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64 Comfort S Muringaniza Archaeology and “An Iconographic and Mythological Divergence: Stylistic Museum Studies Variation in the Rock Art of Zimbabwe”

65 Muchineripi C Film and Theatre Arts “The construction and representation of Black African Gwarinda Leadership Identities in African Biographical film” 66 Tendai Njanji Communication Skills Ecocritical Interpretations of the Environment in Selected Zimbabwean Literary Texts 67 Monica King History “Gendering Conflict and Violence in Zimbabwe, 1960-2010 .”

68 Davidson Mugodzwa History “Establishment, Conservation and Management of Forests: The history of the changing regimes of accessibility to natural resources in Charter District, 1890-1980” 69 *Shepherd Pondiwa History “Experience of Child Labourers in Commercial Farms (A Case of Commercial Farms in Manicaland 1980 – 2012)” 70 Terence T Muzorewa Development Studies The Role of Private land Developers in Urban Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of Ruwa Town, 1980-2015 71 Ernest Dube Development Studies “Towards enhanced preparedness, mitigation and responses to flood hazards and disasters in Tsholotsho”

72 Tawanda W Chibanda Development Studies Dispensation to the Third Chimurenga, 1980 – 2013” 73 Ramphal M Sillah Development Studies “The Dynamics and Dimensions of Post Fast Track Land Reform Conflict in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe” 74 *Francis Mapingire Development Studies “The Impact of Policy Planning and Coordination on Public Policy Implementation in a Developing Country: The Case of Zimbabwe” 75 *Shadreck Matindike Development Studies “Assessment of Micro-Finance as an Intervention Tool to Alleviate Poverty in Rural Zimbabwe: The Case of Midlands Province”

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76 * Ruth Jaricha Development Studies “Challenges and Successes in Implementing the Results Based Management Systems in the Schools Sector in Mashonaland East Province” 77 *Tsungirai Zata Development Studies “An Assessment on the Impact of Climate Change on Food Security in Zimbabwe: Case Study Zvimba District” 78 Oswald Chishanga Development Studies “Regional Integration on Climate Change. The Case of SADC”,

79 Crispen Hahlani Development Studies “Organisational Location of Planning in Rural Development Management at the Local Government Level in Zimbabwe”

80 Tendai Muringa African Languages and Rethinking the Sustainability of Cultural Landscapes in the Face Culture of Poverty in Zimbabwe” 81 Macloud Sipeyiye Theology and Religious “The impact of HIV and AIDS on the beliefs and practices of Studies AICs: A case of Johanne Masowe weChishanu Apostolics in Zimbabwe”. 82 *Michael Jindu Theology and Religious “A comparative and evaluative study of the liberative, Studies therapeutic and saving power of Biblical miracles and those of United Family International Church (UFIC) in Zimbabwe” 83 Prof Percyslage Chigora Theology and Religious Zimbabwe’s Foreign Policy 1990-2009 Studies 84 *Bill Kabaya Theology and Religious “Challenges and Prospects of the Fast Track Land Reform Studies Programme in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe” 85 *Rev Morrison Politics and Public The Practice of Corporate Governance Principles in Faith Chiwundura Management Based Organisations: A Study of the System of Accountability in the Methodist Church in Zimbabwe 86 Simbarashe Moyo Politics and Public “Regime Survival Strategies. A case of Zimbabwe” Management

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87 Wenceslaus Politics and Public “From a Strong to a Failing State: An analysis of the Evolution Mudyanadzo Management of Zimbabwe’s Foreign Policy from 1980 -2008” 88 Stephen Chakaipa Local Governance Service Delivery challenges at subnational level. The case of Municipal Councils in the Midlands Province in Zimbabwe 89 Patrick Banga Local Governance “New Public Management :Problems, Challenges and Prospects for Zimbabwe and Local Authorities” 90 *Obert Muzawazi Local Governance An Exploratory Diagnosis of Governance Issues Behind The Declining Local Government Performance in Zimbabwe”

91 Oga Stanely Ndoro Media Studies “African Electoral Politics and the Mass Media: An Analysis of the Role of Mass Media and Propaganda Techniques used in Zimbabwe’s Electoral Politics from 2000 to 2013” 92 Painos Moyo Media Studies “Raising public awareness through the press. Case of press reports on the escalation and prevalence of illegal gold panning in Zimbabwe and Shurugwi in particular” 93 Issac Choto Media Studies Dialectical Discourses on the Zimbabwean Crisis: A critique of Selected Media Commentaries on the Zimbabwean Political and Socio-economic crisis from 1999 – 2010. 94 T E B Shangahaidongi Human Resource “Surviving the Corporate Political Jungle: A Comparative Management analysis of Private and Public Sector Organizations on the impact of corporate politics on Employee engagement” 95 Mildred Mahapa Human Resource "The Influence of Employee Perceptions of Performance Management Management on Individual Performance. The Case of Selected Public Sector Hospitals" 96 Vongai Chirasha Human Resource Emotional Intelligence and Employee Performance at Management Crossroads. The case of Gweru and Kwekwe City Councils.

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97 **Ashton Mudzingiri Human Resource “A Comparative Study of Succession Planning and its Impact on Management Organisational Performance in Zimbabwe’s Private and State Owned Universities” 98 Risk Matiya Psychology “Creative Spaces in The Globus Pallidus: The Efficacy of Art Therapy Among Cerebral-Palsied Children.” 99 Benjamin Mambende Psychology “Towards Competence Based Training : A Psycho-Educational Evaluation of the Zimbabwe Public Service In –Service ” 100 *Julita Maradzika Psychology “The Development of Wellness and Illness Causal Schemata within the Conceptual Margins of the Internal and External Constructs of the Attribution Theory among Secondary School Students in Zimbabwe”

101 Neddie Ncube Psychology “Perceived Risk Factors of Intimate-Partner Violence against Women Survivors in Gweru Urban, Zimbabwe: Implications for Intervention” 102 Conebright Mukandi Adult Education “The Implementation of HIV/AIDS Behavioural Change Education Programme in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe” 103 Piason Makarati Adult Education “Forms, Functions and Implications of Students’ Graffiti in Selected Secondary Boarding Schools in Gutu District” 104 Albert Mada Applied Education “An analysis of assessment practices in private universities in Zimbabwe” 105 Crispen Bhukuvhani Ed Foundations & Mngt “The Influence of Culture on Secondary School Students’ Conceptualization of Stoichiometry in Zimbabwe” 106 Betty Shoko Ed Foundations & Mngt “A Model to Mitigate Hygiene and Safety Related Risks in Zimbabwean Schools.” 107 Emmanuel Mangena Ed Foundations & Mngt Educators’ and adolescent students’ perceptions on the causes of conflict and conflict management in urban Secondary Schools in the Midlands Province, Zimbabwe”

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108 James Verengai Ed Foundations & Mngt “An analysis of stakeholder involvement by authorities concerning child sexual abuse in schools in Marondera District” 109 James C Bwerazuva Ed Foundations & Mngt “Building Consensus on the Perception of ‘Quality of Practice Teaching’ between Colleges of Education and Professional Communities of Practice” 110 Jane Mbetu-Nzvenga Ed Foundations & Mngt An analysis of the mechanisms to address depression among young adults at Teachers Colleges in Zimbabwe. 111 Samson Diniwe Gumbo Ed Foundations & Mngt Participation and involvement of Universities in SME Development in Zimbabwe

Registered MPhil Students as at 31 December 2016 NAME DEPARTMENT THESIS WORKING TITLE

Godwin Mtetwa Lands and Water Resources “The Impacts of Broad Ridge and Broad Furrow Management (Ngwarati) and Dead End Level Contour Systems of Cultivation on Soil-Water Status and Crop Productivity in Zungwi Vlei Semi-Arid Zimbabwe” Takura Mukarati Agronomy “Effects of Seed Priming on the Germination Performance of Tobacco Seeds” 3 Robert Mapamula Surveying and Geomatics “Land Administration Domain Model Based Land Reform Information Management Systems” 4 Nicholas Taruvinga Physics and Telecommunications “Ambient Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting Prototype for Low Power Sensor Nodes” 5 **Dumiso Ndomone Music and Musicology “An Analysis of Harmony and Chord Progression in Ten Original Zimbabwean Choral Compositions”

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6 Paul Bajilla Music and Musicology “Use of Ndebele Indigenous Music Genres in Zimbabwean Contemporary Composition”

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