Vol. XVIII No. 4 April, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

g FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N,W,3 Offiet and Consulting Hours: Telephone : MAIda Vale 909E/7 (General OIkce and Welfare for the Aged) Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—1 p.m. 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annuallv licensed by thc L,C,C., and Social Services Dept.) fridaf 10 a.m.-l p.m.

Robert Weltsch foreign governments received from their ambassadors very outspoken reports and that German ambassadors reported to Berlin THE FIRST OF APRIL desperately about the catastrophic impression made by the boycott. All this contributed to Thirty Years After the decision to confine the boycott to one day. After that, everything seemed to return to th ^''^^' °^ April is a memorable date in and the persecuted were the moral victors. " normal", Many Jews, to their own the history of German Jewry, For the first It is undeniable that determination to detriment, again inclined to illusions. That was time German Jews, as a collective, experienced moral resistance awoke at that time in the understandable, as it was by no means certain their complete helplessness before a ruthless Jews. The sensation created by the leader that the government would be able to continue toe who was out to destroy them physically in the Jiidische Rundschau —" Wear it its course. Nobody expected the Great Powers and morally. On this day. thirty years ago. with pride, the Yellow Badge "—was a proof to remain silent in face of all the provocations. the effect was not yet as final and destructive of the changed attitude. Then began that Nobody was aware of the tendencies towards ?s what was to happen later, but the mean remarkable period of Jewish activity, which unconventional appeasement, now again intention of the attackers was the complete lasted for five years. Jewish youth poured impressively and frightfully described in the humiliation of the Jews. into the Jewish evening colleges, Jewish recent book by two young British historians— For the German Jews the entire long- schools were started that not only spread born in 1936 and 1938!—who are accusing established scale of values in which they knowledge of Judaism and Jewry, but, like their own parents, the generation of the believed was shattered overnight. In retrospect solitary islands in the sea of Nazi barbarism, 'thirties, for yielding to the Nazi horror.* As 't seems to us that they should not have been were rooted in the idea of Humanity. A spirit far as the Jews were concerned, there was a taken so much by surprise. What could they of solidarity and brotherliness arose, such as pause in the persecutions, but the Nazi move­ expect from a National Socialist Government? exists only in the hour of danger. Jews ment did not renounce its inveterate attitude. ' he party had never concealed its rabid anti- recognised each other on the street or in the Tlie time could be used for organisation of ^mitism and it was clear that, in spite of underground railway, smiled at each other; emigration. "indenburg and in spite of the comparatively many even demonstratively unfolded Jewish moderate conservative partners in the Govern- newspap>ers in public, to show that they were Constructive Response of Gemian Jewry ftj^nt. something would be done to satisfy the Jews, though not yet marked by the Yellow Badge. J^azi followers. Yet the majority of German The activity at that time of the Reichs­ Jews had expected that the Nazis would stop In retrospect we have some reservations to vertretung and the big Jewish organisations Short of overt attack. Now the Jews had been has not yet been sufficiently appreciated. abandoned to the henchmen of Julius make. The Yellow Badge could be worn with pride as long as it was no more than a Above all, the German Jews had an advantage ^treicher. The appeal published by the over those in countries later occupied in that fO-called " Zentralkomitee zur Abwehr der symbol connoting Jews, and in this way also officially and unequivocally distinguished us they were able to eflfect their emigration in judischen Greuel—und Boykotthetze" with an orderly fashion. A great number of Jews the apparent approval of the Government was from the Nazi barbarians. Even some non- Jews envied us at that time that we could were rescued, who found a place of work and a document of disgrace, such as had been a home in various countries of resettlement, relieved impossible in a civilised state in the dissociate ourselves from Nazism without recrimination. Ten years later, alas, this Badge especially Palestine, the U.K. and the United twentieth century. And in spite of all States, endeavours to prevent its implementation, the became a label for those to be despatched to the gas chambers. In view of this develop­ Thus April 1st, intended as a mortal blow ment one has an uneasy feeling about the for the Jews, was in reality a saving factor "hat happened on this day was an exhortation to the victims—though at an for many. It united the German Jews, inde­ "eredible. uncanny spectacle without pre- earlier and ostensibly innocuous stage—to pendent of party adherence, in a companion­ ^^dent. At that time, remember, we knew wear it with pride. ship of fate, and made them capable of nothing of Auschwitz, nothing of what actually standing up for themselves in a unique and ^^ in store for the whole of European Jewry, In 1933 the First of April still seemed a hazardous situation. •he outrageous events of the First of April kind of battle won. The boycott, originally The Yellow Badge which was then stuck on eemed already an unsurpassable climax of planned and announced as a permanent the Jews had its effect. It was a shock for trutality. institution, was officially cancelled after a the Jews, but it had a lesson for them and has Never shall I forget the taxi-ride I had that single day. The harm done to Germany's called into being a new selfconsciousness in ^ay v/ith Kurt Blumenfeld through the town prestige was enormous, and at that time the Jews all over the world. They have ceased entre of Berlin, past the big depots and shops Government had still to reckon with public to conceal that they are Jews, or to act as here S.A, troops stood on guard, often opinion. Even inside Germany public opinion if they did not know that the other man was tirrounded by curious spectators who could was to a large extent opposed to the boycott. a Jew. To be ashamed of Jewishness is so far earcely believe what they saw and frequently Some non-Jews—among them high Army away that we can scarcely imagine it now. °^^e rein to their Berlin humour, for it all officers in uniform and decorations—exposed When the non-Jewish world says of someone eemed farcical. The Jews were helpless, themselves courageously on the boycott day that he is a Jew. no discredit attaches to the ^nprotected. Then for the first time we under­ by demonstratively entering Jewish shops, statement. Today Jews acknowledge their stood literally what it meant to be without pro- scorning the warnings of the S.A. pickets. Jewishness as a matter of course—this is ^9''on or rights, abandoned and outlawed, Jewish institutions and newspapers received reflected, too, in modern literature, especiaUy J, 'th no authority to appeal to and no defence, hundreds of letters from non-Jewish sym­ in England and America. or only the other side was armed. The brown- pathisers. I can only speak of the Jiidische Rundschau which was swamped with letters of For the younger generation, 40 years old ^niformed rabble traversed the street with and under, the happenings of April 1st, 1933. th"^ of whitewash and brushes, daubing congratulation after the article "Tragt ihn mit Stolz, den Gelben Fleck!" had appeared. are already a sort of legend, TTiey can Pl^ shop-windows with gigantic caricatures and There came so many orders that thousands of scarcely imagine the shattering experience of 'thy insults next to the word " Jew " and the copies of the paper had to be reprinted to that day. The First of April has become one tar of David. It all seemed dreamlike and meet the demand, and many non-Jews were of the historical days of remembrance of the nreal. But strangely and surprisingly, what among the readers. Jewish people. Today it seems to us a pro­ Woke in the heart of the spectator was not logue to the total destruction. But it was also "'y anxiety and revolt, but also an inexplic- Abroad, the events of the First of April a turning-point in Jewish consciousness. hle feeling of superiority. The perpetrators in caused an upheaval of indignation against • Martin Gilbert and Richard Gott : Tbc Appcucrt. heir fury revealed themselves as inferior beings German rowdyism. We know today that the Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, Page 2 AJR INFORMATION April, 1963

Herbert Freeden moral collapse on a gigantic scale. To prevent this the Central Jewish institutions and organisa­ tions, the Jewish communities and the Jewish A DAY THAT SHOOK THE WORLD Press—in 1937 there were stiHl 65 Jewish periodi­ cals in Germany, with a total circulation of over 350,000—embarked on a two-pronged policy : to —OR DIDN'T IT? prepare for and help in an organised and orderly emigration, and to preserve the dignity, pride and " It is war—of a sort", wrote " The Times " have become part of that community and wish three days after the Nazis staged their " boycott" to remain so". The " Deirtsche Allgemeine self-respect of those still remaining, or waiting for of German Jewry in Apriil 1933. Perha^ps tht Zeitung" suggested that the situation be re­ their chance to leave the country. In this way, tJTiie has come for historians to prove that the examined and hoped that the result on Friday out of half-a-million Jews more than 250,000 Second World War. though it broke out on Sep­ would be different from that of Tuesday, when succeeded in finding their place in other countries. tember 3. 1939, did. in fact, start on April I. 1933, the boycott was decided upon. Yet few, inside and outside Germany, Jews and But at present the trend seems to be the other On Friday, March 31. there was, indeed, a non-Jews alike. Western statesmen as well as way. Many are inclined to underrate that day. change. In the evening Goebbels spoke over the public opinion in the free world, at that time fore­ thirty years ago. when. S.A. men prevented custo­ radio. His broadcast was relayed from a mass saw the deadly turn which Nazi policy would mers from entering Jewish shops, and a few stores meeting of " Amtswalter." to whom he gave the finally take. Among those few was the unfor­ were demolished in the process—events dwarfed directives for the boycott—interrupted by thunder­ gettable Eleanor Rathbone, who said on April 5, by the holocaust that followed later. ing applause, roaring laughter and shouts of 1933: " We must recognise that even if this persecu­ Indeed, the " ignominious Shop-War"—in the " Heil !" The change, however, was drastic ; the tion docs cease it will have done its work—a. work words of the London " Observer""—was called off official boycott wa*; confined to one day. very different from that intended by its initiators. after one day. However, the century-old era of It is difficult to >udge to what extent world One result is that we have learned to see in the Jewish emancipation in Germany had come to an reaction was responsible for this retreat. American present temiper of the German people a great end; ovemight the Jews had become second-class Jewry was roused and deeply stirred. In England menace to the world. It is possible that the suffer­ citizens ; they were cleared out of the State ser­ great uneasiness was revealed in Parliament, ings of the Jews may now save the world from vices, driven from the universities, the law courts, Viscount Cecil, on March 30. pointed out to the future sufferings by putting us on our guard ". the professions, the newspapers, the theatre. Yet House of Lords that Britain, then holding the Her prophecy went unheeded—at the terrifying their exclusion from economic life was a graduail Mandate over Palestine, was closely linked to the cost of 54 million lives, blotted out as a result and comiparatively slow process—it took five and Jewish people. Lord Hailsham, father of the pre­ of the Second World War. a half years, till the November pogroms in 1938, sent Lord Hailsham. replying for the Government, But another voice, which rose two years later, In the Spring of 1933 the Jewish policy of the denied that this Mandate entitled Britain generally ihis time not in the safety of the free world but Nazis had not yet crystallised : they shared their to intervene on behallf of Jewish rights in foreign in Germany itself, in the shadow of the Gestapo, power in a Coalition Govemment with the Con­ countries. Lord Reading, speaking as a member should not be forgotten. On April 16, 1935, the servatives ; Germany was still a member of the of the Jewish community, asked the Govemment German writer and poet. Ernst Wiechert. addressed League of Nations'; and President Hindemburg, to do everything possible to help the persecuted German students at the huge auditorium of the who less than a year before had once more guaran­ Jewish minority in Germany, and he was sup­ University in Munich, It was the greatest chal­ teed thc civic rights of German Jewry, stood ait ported by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord lenge ever flung at the dictatorship, whose hench­ her helm. No wonder that, after Hitler became Lang, and by Lord Iddlesleigh, who spoke for the men were piesent in the hall. Soon after, Wieohert Chancellor, the organ of the largest Jewish organi­ Catholics, was imprisoned in a concentration camp. He sur­ sation, the " Central-Verein ". stated ; '" The Ger­ This array of three denominations, which was vived, but as a result of maltreatment died in 1949. man jews are deeply convinced that President also formed in the House of Commons, led to a On that day in 1935 he appealed to the "con­ Hindenbijrg, loyal to the Constitution, will not noteworthy statement from the then Foreign Secre­ science of the nation"" and beseeohed German allow an attack against the constitutional rights tary, Sir John Simon, The debate, he said, had youth not lo forget to differentiate between good of a group of German citizens". expressed the general feeling of the country. It and evil, A people, he declared, who ceases to There was still some chance for courageous wouild be a fundamental error, he declared, if recognise what is just and unjust writes its own editors to speak up. The Berlin " Vossische someone in some country assumed that this feel­ death sentence on the wall, " I implore you today, Zeitung " wrote : " Should the boycott which has ing was confined to members of the Jewish com­ don't let yourself be misguided and see only glitter been ordered by the National Socialists be munity, or evoked by them. On the contrary, it and glory, where so much pain is secretly crying carried out. it would spell the ruin of hundreds was a Sipontaneous and inevitable expression of out; and don't ever remain silent when your con­ of thousands of German citizens of Jewish per­ the principle of racial tolerance. science commands you to speak up ", The young suasion and their expuision from the Getman com­ Commander Locker-Lampson, a Conservative people who gave their lives in that memorable munity. The German Jews have stood the test M.P.. was aippointed Chairman of a committee to students' revolt of 1944 in Munich have shown m war and peace, in good and bad times ; they study the lewish position in Germany. Mr, that his appeal did not altogether fall on deaf ears. Clement Attlee was among those who sent a message of encouragement to a protest meeting in London's East End on Apn'l 1, Ten days later there was a stormy debate in the House of Com­ mons, because Sir John Gilmour, then Home Secretary, had banned the exhibition of anti-Nazi AJR posters. Winston Churchill was among those who protested most strongly. Goebbels. in an interview wich the London " Observer ". said that " the German people were CHARITABLE TRUST now prepared to let the Jewish question rest, unless they were again provoked by world Jewry ", An official German communique of April 4 stated : ThcM are die wayi in which yoo caa hdy: "The Govemment has noted with satisfaction that the boycott in reply to the anti-German campaign, had its effect abroad, and will not be resumed CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER because it has become superfluoiis ", Mussolini granted an audience to the then Chief COVENANT Rabbi of Rome. Dr. Sacerdoti, who described to J. C. Gilbert Ltd him the plight of German Jewry, In his reply (in lieu of your membership subscription Mussolini " expressed confidence that those deplor­ to the AJR). able conditions would soon revert to normal", COLUMBIA HOUSE Dr. Benes. then Foreign Minister of Czecho­ slovakia, pleaded that the protection usually A Covenant commits the covenanter accorded to minorities be extended to Gennan for a period of seven years or during Jews as well. ALDWYCH his life, whichever period is shorter. In New York ths American Jewish Congress convened a conference attended by 1,500 dele­ gates representing 600 Jewish organisations, which LONDON WC2 handed a mass petition to the U,S,A. Government GIFTS IN YOUR LIFETIME and the League of Nations to imiprove the lot of German Jewry, A BEQUEST IN YOUR WILL Soon, however, public interest in German " domestic affairs "—as the dangerous phrase ran —died down, and an abortive debate at the League Ask for particulars from: The Secretary, of Nations in Geneva on the violation of minority AJR Charitable Trust, 8 Fairfax Mansions, rights in Upper Silesia—which was protected by London, N.W,3, the Polish-German Pact of 1922—was the last attempt to discuss the Jewish position in Gennany before an international fomm. The German Jews had to brave not only the Space donated by an Anonymous Donor attack from without—there was also the danger from within : the dan'ger of mass panic, of a AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 3 HISTORISCHE WORTE JEWS UNDER THE NAZI TERROR ZUM t. APRIL Statement of the Council of Jews from Germany JUDISCHE RUNDSCHAU The greater majority of the publications negotiations with the German governmental .nrrr^3ii-.T/V_,s'..T; i^^i= — c---ii^v?i5K;^^:5 =' dealing with the Nazi period, published authorities—there were no other partners -^=~^-\L=z:^:='^ during the last few years, serves historical for negotiation—thus attaching a moral »_,— .. 1 •_».*« HU <^—..,..,„_.,...._-.., , -- -•• ' 1 iii*m. M^ truth and helps it to prevail. The Council stigma to their efforts to mitigate the lot of Jews from Germany—the organisation of the Jews and, above all, to facihtate Tragi ihn mit Stolz, of the Jews who emigrated from Nazi their occupational training, retraining and Germany—is, however, bound to assert emigration. In the last resort their efforts den gelben Fleck! that recently opinions have been voiced in to further emigration were thwarted by the Der 1. April 1933 kann ein Tag des connection with research and assessment unwillingness of most States to allow the juedischen Erwachens und der juedischen of that period which must not remain immigration of Jews from Germany in Wiedergeburt sein. Wenn die Juden wollen, uncontradicted: an historical picture influ­ adequate numbers. Wenn die Juden reif sind und innere Groesse enced by such opinions would be a falsified After the outbreak of war, and especially besitzen, Wenn die Juden nicht so sind. wie one. This is especially true of the book after the U,S,A, had come into the war. sie von ihren Gegnern dargestellt werden. Das by Raoul Hilberg, which appeared in 1961: the Nazi Government began to carry out angegriffene Judentum muss sich zu sich selbst The Destruction of the European Jews ", its plan for the physical destruction of the bekennen. . . . and of the articles published by Hannah Jews. The cruelty of the totalitarian Neben anderen Zeichen und Inschriften sah Arendt in the New Yorker. Hannah apparatus, with its precision worked out to man auf den Scheiben der Schaufenster Arendt considers herself entitled to state the last detail, is impressively described by vielfach einen grossen Magen David, den that Jewish leaders had had a part in the Hannah Arendt. It was part of this system Schild Koenig Davids. Dies sollte eine annihilation of their own people and that to force the leaders and officials of Jewish Entehrung sein. Juden. nehmt ihn auf, den this collaboration was of decisive impor­ communities by the most brutal means to Davidsschild, und tragt ihn in Ehren! . . . tance to the National Socialists in the give technical assistance in the execution Zum Jude-Sein Ja sagen. Das ist der carrying out of their plans. She misinter­ of the orders given to the communities. In moralische Sinn des gegenwaertigen Gesche­ prets the attitude of men of whose integrity spite of a situation without precedent, many hens. . . . Wir gedenken aller derer. die seit and self-sacrifice there can be no possible Jewish functionaries tried countermeasures fuenftausend Jahren Juden genannt. als Juden "Oubt, Her own definition of the essence or secret resistance, about which there can stigmatisiert wurden. Man erinnere uns, dass 01 a totalitarian terror-regime refutes many obviously be no documentary evidence. The wir Juden sind, Wir sagen Ja, und tragen es of her views. For some of her assertions men and women of the Reichsvertretung. mit Stolz! there are absolutely no recognisable the representative body of German Jewry, sources : in some cases her own wording and many leaders of Jewish communities, Shows that there cannot be any proofs for stayed at their posts, disregarding their own her accusations; and to a small degree safety ; and almost all of them perished ; those accusations rest on inadmissible many were murdered, like the hostages shot Seneralisations of individual cases. But in Berlin in 1943, because Nazi orders had entirely irresponsible is the conclusion not been fully carried out. It does not *hich the writer draws from unfounded become those who were not there to pass assertions, namely that if the Jews had had moral judgments on this grim chapter. The no leaders, the total number of Jewish allegation that the Nazi regime could not Arrajta ic« 6ty(ett« have achieved its Satanic aim without using ' R •. Kii licfR. Hn««r 2«IB |M.B j^aNiiitii! 'ctims would have scarcely reached five Jews must appear absurd to any sensible unl ibrrm Vrruf (ttranfl. 4aWm*> fimiiHi| (a ^o six millions. person. Es hat keinen Sinn, heute nach den Ursachen th t ^^"^ ^^ Germany itself is concerned The Council of Jews from Germany is und Gruenden zu fragen, es hat keinen Sinn, "e following must be declared: The fact preparing a series of publications which will uns oder andere anzuklagen—die Stunde kennt that more than 250,000 Jews were saved— depict the situation of the Jews under Nazi nur ein Gebot: Arbeiten und Helfen! . . . •^•. almost half of the Jews who lived in domination from its outset and the frightful Denken wir an die Geschichte unserer J;^ermany at the beginning of the Nazi problems confronting them. These will Vaeter, die immer wieder solche Katastrophen woT*—^^ ^^^ '" ^^^ '^'^^' instance to the show how the German Jews, by straining erlebt und dennoch den Lebenswillen nicht their moral and material resources to the aufgegeben haben! . , , Auch wir muessen. ""k of the Jewish organisations and com- utmost, organised themselves to assist each wenn wir nach der laehmenden Betaeubung lg""'ties. Bitter injustice is done to the other and to maintain under the most trying dieser Wochen wieder zur Besinnung kommen, by H^ atid officialass ofco-operation those organisation" theisr circumstances their dignity and self-respect. alles daran setzen, die Umwelt davon zu y describing as " co-oneration " their ueberzeugen, dass hier nicht nur den deutschen Juden ein Unrecht von gewaltigem Ausmass zugefuegt wird, sondern dass die Aufrechter­ ALDWYCH THEATRE haltung dieses Zustandes ganz Deutschland in LONDON, W.C.2 schlimmster Weise schaedigen muss. Eine Gemeinschaft geht nicht unter. wenn sie selbst sich nicht aufgibt! PRIVATE PERFORMANCE Professor Ismar Elbogen. sponsored by SOUTH-WEST J.N.F. COMMISSION fir STANMORE J.N.F. COMMISSION DR. LEO BAECK

(In aid of the J,N,F, Charitable Trust) Ansprache auf der AJR Kundgebung am 1. April 1953 VIRGINIA McKENNA Man spricht von dem Boykott-Tag, Die and the leading players of juedischen Geschaefte wurden boykottiert. In THE ROYAL SHAKESPEARE COMPANY Wahrheit wurde das Recht boykottiert. Die juedischen Geschaefte haben eine zeitlang ueberstanden, das Recht hat diesen Tag nicht ueberstanden, . . . Die kleinen Menschen in Deutschland waren A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM gut geblieben. Die Arbeiter haben ihr by William Shakespeare Fruehstuecksbrot mit den juedischen Arbeitern Peter Hall directing geteilt, die Kleinen haben in diesen Jahren den Juden das Leben in Deutschland moeglich WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24th, 1963, at 7.30 p.m. sharp gemacht, die kleinen Menschen in Deutsch­ TICKETS at : Front Stalls, 5 gns., 3 gns.; Centre Stalls, 2 gns,; Back Stalls. I gn. land. Was den Charakter anlangt, stand Dress Circle, 3 gns,, 2 gns., I gn. damals dort die Bildungspyramide auf der Tickets obtoinable from Mrs. L. KAYE, 65 Southampton Row, W,C, I (MUS. 6111) Spitze: die oben waren die Geringen und die unten die Grossen, , , . Page 4 AJR INFORMATION April, 1963

HUNGARIAN REPORT NEWS FROM ABROAD In an interview on Budapest Radio Dr. E. S6s, President of the Central Board of Hungarian Jews, RUSSIAN JEWRY WARSAW REMEMBERS GHETTO UPRISING declared himself completely satisfied with his visit to Great Britain. Reappraisal of Policy ? Mr. Joseph Cyrankiewicz, Poland's Prime He said that he and his companions had been Minister, is the chief patron of the extensive pro­ accorded a " very cordial welcome" wherever The Soviet Government is shortly expected to gramme of commemorative events to take place they went in Britain, and they had been approve the publication of two important volumes in Warsaw on April ISth, 19th and 20th. to mark particularly pleased to have the opportunity of of memoirs containing sections on the Stalinist the 20th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto meeting such Anglo-Jewish leaders as Sir Barnett use of antisemitism as an instrument of policy, uprising. Janner, Mr. Israel Sieff, Lady Reading and Mr. and rumours are circulating that the Kremlin is The proceedings in Warsaw will start with the David Kessler, considering a reappraisal of its policy on the presentation of medals to Ghetto fighters and Few people in England knew much about Jewish minority in the Soviet Union. those who helped them. There will be a wreath- Hungary's economic development or cultural pro­ Recent measures against Jews under the heading laying ceremony at the Ghetto Heroes' Monument gress, Dr, S6s continued, but there was growing of " economic offences " and the publicity which and a commemorative evening at the Palace of interest in visiting the country, British-Jewish has attended them have produced a sharp reaction Culture. leaders had promised to return the Hungarian- among Jewish youth in Russia, creating an upsurge Two Warsaw streets will be named after Ghetto Jewish group's visit this year,—(J,C,) of national feeling. heroes at a special ceremony and wreaths will While Mr. Khruschev still believes that the also be laid at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier SWASTIKAS IN BRAZIL as well as at the Soviet Army Mausoleum. At f absorption of the Jewish minority is the only There has been a further outbreak of swastika sensible and just solution of the Jewish problems, the Ghetto Heroes' Monument itself the wreath- laying will be preceded by eulogies and com­ and antisemitic slogan daubings on buildings in there are others within the Party who maintain the Copacabana area of Rio de Janeiro, including that recent policy has only aggravated the situation memorative talks. After an evening reception the District Court, the synagogue, tlie Portuguese and that Jews cannot be expected to accept their given by the Jewish Social and Cultural Union, Club and the headquarters of the Brazilian present treatment a5 proper. the Jewish Theatre Company will put on a special dramatic performance in Warsaw's National Students' Union. Theatre. According to a local newspaper, one of its Two More Deatb Sentences reporters caught the student son of a foreign ATTITUDE OF ROMAN CATHOLIC Consul red-handed as he was painting swastikas The official organ of the Ukrainian Communist CHURCH on a building. Accompanied by three other Party " Pravda Ukrainy" reports on a trial in youths, he made off in a car,—(J,C,) the Ukrainian city of Ivanov-Frankovsk in their American-Jewish leaders who maintain close issue of February 21st in which "several workers contact with the Vatican are hopeful that when AUSTRALIAN REMEMBRANCE in a meat co-operative were convicted of specu­ the Ecumenical Council resumes its deliberations lation and thievery ", The newspaper named two in Rome on September Sth a declaration will be A day of mourning was observed by Melbourne of the convicted men, stressing the death sentences promulgated on the attitude of the Roman Jewry to mark the laying of the foundation-stone imposed on them, as Dubotzki and Kerker—both Catholic Church towards Jewry and Judaism. They of a memorial to the six million Jews murdered Jewish names. by the Nazis, Before the stone was laid ashes expect this declaration to deal with the anti-Jewish from the Nazi crematoria, soil from the Warsaw references in Catholic text-books and liturgy, Ghetto and a piece of soap made by the Nazis Synagogue Closures which for many centuries provided a religious from Jewish bodies were buried beneath it. pretext for antisemitism. The monument, when completed, will consist The historic Czernowitz synagogue, which was It is understood that Cardinal Augustine Bea, of a six-branched menorah overlooking six tomb­ closed down by the authorities last year, has now head of the Secretariat for Christian Unity in the stones. Another stone will bear sculptured been turned into a school. Vatican, is working on the document so that it engravings depicting the horrors of the concen­ In Lvov (Lemberg). the capital of Western can be ready for adoption by the Council in tration camps, Karl Duldig, a Jewish sculptor, Ukraine, the last major synagogue was recently September. The Cardinal has been in touch with will perform all the sculptural work on the closed down and its valuable Torah Scrolls and many Jewish representatives and is absolutely monument, Talmudic books declared to be State property. determined that the Ecumenical Council should An appeal by the Rabbi and members of the express itself unequivocally on the position of the BIOGRAPHY OF DUTCH-JEWISH POET synagogue committee to be allowed to remove Roman Catholic Church towards antisemitism and the Scrolls to a private home has been refused Judaism.—(J.C) Dr, Jaap Meyer, the Dutch-Jewish historian, on the ground that " the building and its contents has been officially commissioned by the Dutch belong to the State", UNITED STATES Ministry of Education and Culture to write a biography of the Dutch-Jewish poet, Jacob de School Prayers Haan (1882-1924). Military Hero Rehabilitated A brief, signed by the Synagogue Council of In 1919 de Haan went to Palestine as the America, has been submitted to the Supreme correspondent of, among other newspapers, the General Jacov Smushkevitch. one of a group of Daily Telegraph. He was murdered in Jerusalem Stoviet Jewish military heroes of the Second World Court challenging religious observances in public schools. in 1924 by persons whose identity was never War liquidated by Stalin, has now been com­ established. pletely rehabilitated and his widow is to receive The organisations represented by the Council a full pension. urge the Court to declare unconstitutional a SEPHARDI JEWRY EXHIBITION Smushkevitch. the son of a Lithuanian Jewish Pennsylvania statute and a Baltimore, Maryland, tailor, joined the Red Air Force shortly after school board rule requiring a daily Bible reading General Franco has given his approval for the the Revolution. In 1936 he fought in Spain and and the recitation of the Lord's Prayer, exhibition in the United States of historical docu­ was awarded the Order of Lenin for bravery. In In another action, the American Jewish Com­ ments dealing with the Sephardi Jews of Spain, 1941. when Russia entered the war. he had reached mittee, the Anti-Defamation League and the This approval was given during a meeting with the rank of General. He was twice awarded the American Civil Liberties Union jointlv submitted Mr, Label A, Katz, the President of B'nai B'rith. title of Hero of the Soviet Union. a brief challenging a South Carolina State Ruling The Spanish Government will select the docu­ declaration that a woman member of the Seventh ments, which will include original manuscripts by Day Adventists cannot collect unemployment Maimonides, Russian Priests Meet U.S. Rabbis insurance benefits because she refused to work on Saturdays.—fJ.C.) A delegation of Russian church leaders who recently toured the United States, promised to Genocide Convention Youf Nouse /or,— convey to their superiors Jewish representations about the closing of synagogues and the with­ A delegation representing six American-Jewish CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO drawal of other Jewish religious facilities in organisations told officials of the State Department UPHOLSTERY Russia. in Washington that the United States " can no The Russians, however, told a group of rabbis longer remain one of the uncommitted nations SPECtAllTY who called on them during their stay in Denver, of the world on the issue of genocide". They Colorado, that they were unauthorised to go to called on the Administration to press for CONTINENTAL DOWN the Soviet Government with such representations immediate ratification of the U,N. Genocide Con­ as " we do not have direct relations with the vention, which condemns mass murder of racial, QUILTS! Government ". They said that all religious groups religious, national and ethnic groups as an inter­ in the Soviet Union were treated alike and the national crime. ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Orthodox Church was in no better position than the Jews. NEW BELGIAN SYNAGOGUE fsr/A4/(rcs fttiE The first synagogue to be built in Belgium since DAWSON-LANE LIMITED AUSCHWITZ MEMORIAL the end of the war was inaugurated at Charleroi by the President of the local Jewish community. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Israel and a number of other countries have Charleroi, situated in a mining area, has a been invited to set up pavilions within a perma­ Jewish population of about 700. The new build­ Telephone: ARN, 6571 nent memorial site which the Polish Govemment ing, financed by Claims Conference funds, will Personal attention of Mr, W. Sctiachmann. plans to establish at Auschwitz. also serve as a communal centre.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 5 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA ANTISEMITIC MAGAZINE THE NEW LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION Choirs' Festival A lavishly produced antisemitic, anti-Zionist, Mr. Harold Wilson, the newly elected Leader The Jewish Choirs' Festival Committee is anti-Communist magazine called " Panorama " is of the Labour Party, is known to have great planning to hold a residential three-day festival "eing sold in London by several newsvendors, sympathy for Israel and to be opposed to any of choral music at Carmel College next year. mainly at street corners. manifestations of racial intolerance. His record Mr. Victor Tunkell, Assistant Musical Director , Its articles suggest that antisemitism was on political questions affecting the Jewish people of the Zemel Choir, reported this at the fourth inspired by the Zionists to camouflage their own —the neo-Nazi revival, the plight of Russian Jewish Choirs' Festival held at St. Pancras Town sinister activities. It also states that the mobilisa­ Jewry, and Israel particularly—is very good. Hall. He also reported that the Festival Com­ tion of world Jewry against Zionism is the only Presiding at the Labour Party's annual confer­ mittee is trying to arrange for Jewish choirs from *ure way to establish peace in our time and that ence in Brighton last October, Mr. Wilson inserted Switzerland and Yugoslavia to take part in next ^.e Jews, wittingly or unwittingly, supporting into his address a special reference to the re-emer­ year's festival. If this project materialises, it ^lonist Israel today, must bear the same responsi- gence of neo-Nazi and neo-fascist groups in will be the first time that an international Jewish "'hty as the Nazi Germans and the fascist Italians. Britain and called for new legislation to deal with choir festival will have been held in this country. 'la statement to The Jewish Chronicle, them. In Parliament, a few weeks later, he urged Yehudi Menuhin was a distinguished guest who J-ommander J. S. Drummond has admitted that the Government to ratify the Genocide Conven­ attended this year's festival, and it has since been ri^ .'* 'he owner of the magazine, but strongly tion of the United Nations. Mr. Wilson has also announced that he has agreed to become a Patron oenied that he is antisemitic. He stated he was interceded with Soviet leaders on behalf of of Zemel Choir. dnti-Zionist and that there was a link between Russian Jewry.—(J.C.) ^lonists and Russians. He denied that he was Yiddish Boolu ^""ected with any fascist or Nazi organisation, IN PARLIAMENT the agency which has been receiving corre- A memorial fund established to Mr. E. W. H>ondence for Commander Drummond has now Aid to Israel Podolsky, who died last May, will present a col­ Sjven him notice that they are terminating his lection of recently published Yiddish books to ontract because of the type of magazine being On March 4th, Mr. Warbey asked the Lord the British Museum, which has stated thai it published. Steps are being taken to seek legal Privy Seal what has been the total amount of aid would be happy to receive such a gift. Mr. tion to have copies of " Panorama " withdrawn, granted or lent to the State of Israel since the Podolsky gave many years of devoted service in Palestine war; and what are the totals, respec­ the field of social and cultural work and was MOSLEY AT KENSINGTON tively, for grants and loans for military assistance, connected with several organisations including the economic aid and technical assistance. In a Trades Advisory Council and the Propaganda Sta *xJt'^^ numerous objections from the Yellow written reply, Mr. Heath stated the only aid Committee of the Workers' Circle, ar Movement and several individuals. Sir Oswald granted by Her Majesty's Government to the i„ ,t y ^*'^ a meeting of his Union Movement State of Israel since the end of the Palestine war New "J.C." Offices Th '^^"sington Town HaU. to date is a little over £500 for technical assistance. j^'ne 500-strong audience cheered loudly when In the presence of more than 200 guests, rec f ^""ounced that 60 per cent of those DEPUTIES ON MATZOT BAN including three generations of staff, the new offices centiy executed in Russia for economic offences of " The Jewish Chronicle " were consecrated. A ere Jews, He denied that either he or his Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., presiding at a meeting film of the ceremony was shown in the B.B.C, ovement was antisemitic, and attacked the Com- of the Board of Deputies, recalled that the matzo TV programme, " Town and Around ", the same nists who, he claimed, accused his movement bakeries, especially in the Moscow area, failed to evening. ^ antisemitism. provide matzot last year. He appealed on behalf 0 , .^"ihers of the Yellow Star Movement paraded of the Board and the community cither for full (J, l"e the hall carrying banners protesting about use of the State bakeries or for thc authorities to Another Jewish Mayor of £'"5 of the meeting. There were a number allow matzot to be imiported " for every Jeiw who .A.lderman Isidore Lewis will be Sheffield's first ^scuffles after the meeting, and some people so wishes to celebrate Passover and maintain at Jewish Lord Mayor. It has already been <^ha rf''^" ^° Klensington Police Station and least one of the links which bind Jew to Jew announced that a Jew, Dr. Louis Glass, is to everywhere ". be the next Lord Mayor of Birmingham. The Polish Government, he said, had in recent COLIN JORDAN APPEAL AGAINST years acquired a good reputation for the treat­ SENTENCE ment of its Jewish remnant. Referring to the No New Kingsbury Synagogue announcement of a drastic cut in State subsidies Na^^' September Colin Jordan, leader of the for Jewish cultural activities in Poland, he said A plea by the Kingsbury District Synagogue g t'.onal Socialist Movement—at present serving he was loath to give immediate credence to the for a site on which to build a larger, permanent (jj^"l*:^onth prison sentence for his part in reports of a change for the worse. " We arc synagogue, has again been turned down by the te^ "'^'"g Spearhead—^appealed against the sen- making inquiries and trust that our anxiety in this Wembley Council. During the past three years matter will be allayed ". the synagogue has made several attempts to per­ conv' '^^^''**' on him at Bow Street, where he was suade the Council to allow it the use of 28 empty a h '*^'^ *^ using insulting words likely to cause In response to approaches from Jewish religious allotment sites in Old Kenton Lane. The 600- jyj^^^'^h of the peace in Trafalgar Square on leaders Soviet diiplomats abroad have said that strong congregation will, for the present, have to A_^ '• The Chairman of the London Sessions Jews may bake matzot privately if they wish. Pre­ continue using its present prefabricated building, JoVd^^' Committee, Mr. R. E. Seaton, upheld parations are now being made in a number of designed to accommodate only 350. tenc " * 'Appeal against his conviction and sen- Jewish homes in Moscow and several other cities to bake matzot, but there are a number of diffi­ leade "^ hearing the appeal by the two Nazi culties to be overcome, especially the acquisition Kashrut Licence Dispute at th i ^^' Seaton said that both their speeches of the particular kind of flour needed for matzot. antic • ^y '•^•'y '° Trafalgar Square were strongly London Jewish caterers have taken strong in"!^,"Htic. But, he added, it had to be borne "JUDAISM IN WORLD CIVILISATIONS" exception to the granting by the Kashrut Com­ Were'° ^*' Jews, as part of the community, mission of a full catering licence to enable the anv ^*- "^^'e to criticism as any other race or The Rev. Dr. James Parkes gave the third of new Hilton Hotel in Mayfair to cater for Jewish I "^lonal who enjoved hospitality here. the lectures on " Judaism in World Civilisations " functions and to serve both meat and fish meals. Liu^^.^etober the National Council for Civil organised by the Society for the Study of Jewish It is contended that the granting of this licence exni -'^^ received a statement from Mr. Seaton Theology at the Herbert Samuel Hall. disregards the Chief Rabbi's request that full n,™!"'ng this comment. It reads : "TheChair- The concept of Judaism as a preliminary to licences should not be granted lo non-Jewish (i e 'f *'"'^' ^^^^ that he referred only to Jewish Christianity remains the basic " official" attitude hotels. of "' "raeli) citizens and other Jewish members of all churches today, said Dr. Parkes. Apart this <^ornmunity who enjoy the hospitality of from rabid antisemitism, one would not expect to Cultural Centre Planned a\ya "^"tintry ... Of course the Chairman was well find today thc abuse of Judaism that was only too the t^ -^ there is a large number of persons of often known in earlier centuries. There had never As a " living memorial" to the six million *as '^ faith who are British, but their position been a genuine dialogue between Jews and Jewish victims of Nazism, a Jewish and Yiddish cn- •?*'t a matter which the Chainnan had to Christians on the claims of Jesus of Nazareth. cultural centre in London, costing about £30,000, ''"^^"der in this case." There could not, in fact, be any genuine dialogue is being planned by the Memorial Committee of lf,„l^" e policponce appealed against the quashing by between the two religions until there was a real this country. Young people will be able there to Conv' i- ^^i?"s Appeals Committee of Jordan's effort by Christians to re-examine their past leam about their predecessors and be made more con^**" S«ssi, _.„ conscious of their lewish heritage, and such a by l''*^''?"- On March 19. the appeal was allowed attitudes. There could be a true dialogue between the two religions only when each recognised and centre would help intensify the Jewish conscious­ ;_ M)rd Parker, the Lord Chief Justice, presiding ness of the next generation of Anglo-Jewry. case ^""" s Bench Divisional Court, and the accepted the integrity of the other.—(J.C.) "•estor"**^ goes back to the Quarter Sessions to Lord e the conviction and deal with sentence. RECEPTION BY CARDIFF MAYOR Inadequate Education expje ^i''^*'' stated that "a man is entitled to Critic, v* ^'iew-s as strongly as he likes, to Dr, W, K, Bemfeld, Honorary General Secre­ In a survey compiled for the Merseyside Jewish ^hout^tv, opponents and say disagreeable things tary of die Cardiff Naturalists' Sooiety, was one Representative Council's Committee for Jewish not do • "^ ^"*^ '*'*''' policies. But what he must of the Society's Hon. Officers who attended a Education, Dr. Meryyn Goodman stated that the

GOVERNMENT DENIES SPREAD OF FROM THE GERMAN SCENE ANTISEMITISM TRIALS IN GERMANY WITNESSES SOUGHT A great stir has been caused by an interview given to a Danish paper by the Public Prosecutor The West German Government has issued visas West German public prosecutors and the Cen­ of Hesse, Dr. Bauer, who claimed that anti­ for eight Soviet witnesses to give evidence in tral Office for the Investigation of War Criminals semitism had deep roots amongst the German Coblenz against twelve former Nazi officers in Ludwigsburg are at present carrying out about people and was still rampant under a thin veneer. charged with the mass murder of thousands of 500 investigations involving thousands of Nazis. At a Press conference held in Bonn on February people, most of them Jews, in wai-time Minsk. But many war criminals may go unpunished if 28, the Deputy Head of the Federal Press and The Soviet authorities have been formally they are not brought to trial by 1965, when they Information Service, Ministerialdirektor Werner requested by the West German Government to are likely to be protected by the West German Krueger, declared that the Cabinet strongly took make available their original documents on Nazi statute of limitations. The investigations cover issue with Dr. Bauer's statement and indignantly criminal activities io Westem Russia during the Poland, Russia, the Baltic countries, Hungary. refuted its contents. Herr Kreuger referred to the war. Copies of these documents were published Czechoslovakia. Italy and North Africa, and the While Book issued after the swastika incidents. in a Soviet "' Brown Book " received by the court German authorities are often unable to find Extensive enquiries at the time had revealed that in Coblenz, They are reported to contain much witnesses, particularly for cases involving Euro­ there was no sizeable portion of the population incriminating evidence against the principal pean countries. which harboured antisemilic sentiments, but that accused in the trial, Georg Heuser, former head The W,J.C. is seeking witnesses lo give evidence the overwhelming majority of the population of the Nazi security police in Minsk. against Nazis charged wilh the massacre of Jews bitterly condemned antisemiiism and was resolved During the trial in Bonn of former Nazi officers in the Warsaw and Lublin areas of Poland. Anyone to avert recrudescence. Herr Krueger also charged with complicity in the mass extermination able lo testify is requested to get in touch with referred to speeches made by the Federal Presi­ of Jews in Chelmno concentration camp, Dr, Dr. Nehemiah Robinson at World Jewish Congress dent, the Chancellor and the Speaker of the Richard Koherr, an official of the former Nazi headquarters, 15 East 84th Street. New York 28. German Parliament, which were widely approved statistical department, said that European Jewry N.Y.—(J.C.) in Jewish quarters. Dr. Bauer's assertion that, if decreased by 50 per cent in the period between Hiller appeared in Germany today, he would not 1933 and 1943. During this period 217,748 Jews be rejected by the German people was contrary had emigrated from Germany and territories which FORMER NAZI IN C.I.D. to the Government's assessment of the political it occupied in the East. In Nazi-occupied Poland Theo Saevecke, a former S.S. officer and mem­ maturity of their citizens. 1.800.000 Jews had been "registered" in concen­ ber of a Nazi Einsalzgruppe, was a subordinate In a special statement lo the Press after the tration camps between October, 1939, and Decem­ of Waller Rauff during the war and was in charge reactions lo his interview. Dr. Bauer said that he ber. 1942. The Polish Government has made of the " employment " of Jewish " Slave workers " had indeed criticised the political situation in available new evidence to the prosecution files, at Bizerta. Saevecke. now a leading official in Germany during an interview wilh a Danish described as " new and important", on the trials the security branch of West Germany's Federal journalist, but that what he had actually said had in Poland of Nazis charged with crimes at the Criminal Investigation Bureau was, as an expert been grossly distorted and misinterpreted. The Chelmno camp, as well as photographic evidence. on high treason cases, in charge of last autumn's published interview did not reflect his personal In Cloppenburg a policeman, Emil Kassner, Federal police action against the weekly news ideas and statements, Dr. Bauer claimed.—(J.C.) has been arrested on suspicion of complicity in the magazine, Der Spiegel. mass murder of Jews in the Ukraine during the A spokesman for the Ministry of the Interior ANTISEMITIC OFFICIALS war, Kassner is said to have been the Nazi district said that Saevecke had never concealed his war­ I commissioner at Kowel,—(J.C.) time activities but that investigation had not A spokesman of the State Ministry of Justice yielded anything against him. He stressed that has announced that a Schleswig-Holstein judge Saevecke had had nothing lo do wilh the crimes S& COLONEL'S EXTRADITION has been reported to the Ministry for making wilh which Rauff has been charged. Thereafter anti-Jewish remarks. A State official in West he announced that, contrary to the first statement An appeal has been lodged on behalf of former Berlin has also been suspended for calling a West by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Saevecke Jewish doctor " a Jewish swine ". S.S. Colonel Walter Rauff against the order by had concealed his past when applying to be the Chief Justice of Chile that Rauff should be reinstated in the police in 1955. This might lead Legal proceedings have been taken against the extradited to Germany, where he is wanted on 10 disciplinary action. official and a West Berlin Senate spokesman has charges alleging complicity in the war-time murder slated that disciplinary proceedings are also under of 100.000 Jews, A Special Appeals Court has War-time members of the Italian Resistance consideration. been set up. Movement have alleged that he was responsible The rulings by the Chief Justice granted the for the shooting of hostages in Northern Italy German extradition request on the grounds of and that he participated in the deportation and •' homicide " under international law. Rauff has execution of Jews. If the new charges against KELLERGEIST admitted the he was a former S.S. colonel and Saevecke were substantiated, said the Ministry had been in charge of the " death trucks " used spokesman, disciplinary action would be taken. ADVISES A.J.R. READERS in thc mass gassing of Jews, but stated he was In the meantime, however, there was no reason obeying orders. to suspend him from his police post.—(J.C.) DEFENCE MINISTER ON EX-NAZIS Interviewed by Karl Marx, the editor of the Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der Juden in Deulsch­ Ackermans land. the new Federal Minister of Defence, Uwe von Hassel, stressed that a democratic society had lo integrate into its political life all sections of its population, including those who were for­ merly infected by the bacillus of totalitarianism, Chocolates but who had realised their mistakes meanwhile. On the other hand, persons who had particiipated Dl Luxe in the crimes under the Third Reich would have to be brought lo justice. The Minister stressed IN BEAUTIFULLY that he was not a protector of Nazis, However, DESIGNED what he would not like to see was that people who had erred politically would be classed into PRESENTATION the same category as malefactors. No good would BOXES come of that, Qioose Hdlgarten- MARZIPAN THEATRICAL SENSATION SPEOALITIU The Freie Volksbuehne Theatre's production of Choose Fine Wiaes Rolf Hochhuth's play " The Representative ", has caused something of a theatrical sensation in BAUMKUCHEN Berlin. The play deals with the story, which l( you hav« any difficulty in finding is claimed to be true, of a young Catholic priest who, witnessing the deportation of Jews from HALLGARTEN wines, wrii« to us 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH 8T., Rome, appeals in vain to the Church and the Pope LONDON, W.8 lo intervene. In desperation the priest attaches Ask hr tktm by Haim! WES. 4359 and a yellow " Shield of David" lo his robe and joins the Jews on their way to Auschwitz. 9, GOLDHURST TERRACX, The author suggests that Pope Pius XII PINCRLEY ROAD, N.MfA remained silent because he feared Bolshevism S. F. & 0. HALL6ARTEN MAI 2742 more than he did Nazism, German Catholic Crutchad Friari. London, E.C.3 circles have denounced Hochhuth's allegations as being unfounded and untrue,—(J,C,) AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 7 t" • E. Koch income from real property in Germany, This income will be doubly taxed, in Germany under Article XII of the Convention, and in the United Kingdom. Relief is given in England under TAXATION IN GREAT BRITAIN Article XVI (2) of the Convention, by credit of German tax against United Kingdom tax. The income tax law of Great Britain consists Many of those who derive income from sources In Chapter I on Estate Duly, the booklet only partly of codified rules embodied in the in Germany, such as pensions of the Gennan mentions the provisions of section 28. Finance Income Tax Act 1952 and in the Finance Acts Government or from former private employers, Act 1962, under which real property situate out approved at least once annually in the subsequent annuities from the German Bundesversicherungs­ of Great Britain which, before the commencement years. Many of them are couched in terms which anstalt fUr Angestellte, from dividends on German, of the Act was, in general, not liable to estate one of their Lordships in a leading tax case American, Canadian or other securities, will find duty here, is now liable to such duty, when it described, in a reference to the law of the Stale in the booklet advice on what allowances of tax- passes on the death, after the lOth April, 1962, of New York, in these words : " I am sure no free income and reliefs in respect of earned income of a person domiciled in Great Britain. It omits, well-wisher of the State of New York would (as distinct from investment income), for old age, however, to mention that, on the other hand, Willingly suppose that the income tax law there life insurance premiums, are provided in British section 29 of the Act has introduced unilateral prevailing is expressed in the same terms as our tax law and what relief from double taxation in relief by credit of overseas duty against duty own." the United Kingdom and in the country of the payable on the same properly in the United King­ The other part of the British tax law consists source of foreign income they can claim under dom, where no double taxation arrangements of leading judgments of the British courts, either the Double Taxation Conventions with Germany are in force, and that the power of the Commis­ defining terms left undefined in the Income Tax and other foreign countries, or under British sioners to make such arrangements is extended Acts, such as " income" — as distinct from unilateral reUef provisions by credit of foreign where overseas duty is of different character to Capital — '• residence ", "' ordinary residence ", tax against United Kingdom tax. estate duty levied in Great Britain. domicile'", foreign possessions", etc., or inter­ preting the often obscure or ambiguous language Basic Principles Explained of the Acts. CONFERENCE OF JEWISH The authors of a German booklet* have set The admirably clear and concise summary of ORGANISATIONS themselves the formidable lask of producing a the British lax law can, of course, do no more brief guide through the wilderness of the British than introduce the reader into the principles of In New York recently the Conference of tax rules, by a concise survey of their essential the United Kingdom tax system. It will not Jewish Organisations (Cojo) considered the situa­ outlines. enable the inexperienced reader to find his way tion of Russian Jewry, antisemiiism in Argentina unaided through the labyrinth of the computation and the future of Cojo itself. A Concise German Publication of his taxable income for the year in question, Discussions on Russia's Jews were clearly which consists partly of income of the year of influenced by the exchange of leiters between They introduce the reader in four short chapters assessment, such as salaries, dividends, excess Lord Russell and Mr, Khruschev, The resolution to the subjects of Forms of Companies, Rules rents, etc, and any other income received after finally passed expressed the hope that " the recent protecting Patents, Registered Designs, Trade deduction of income tax on the one hand, and implied condemnation of anlisemitism by Mr. Marks and Copyrights, grant of the Right to income of the preceding year, such as professional Khruschev may exercise a restraining influence on wrnporary or permanent Residence in Great income, trading profits, etc., on the other. It will those responsible for the present situation", gritain, and the law on the Administration of not enable him to compute correctly the relief criticised the " publicity calculated to make it fiy^tes of deceased persons and the succession he may claim for personal allowances, old age. appear that Jews are primarily responsble for .nto the Estates of deceased persons who died earned income or reduced rates, or to compute the economic crimes'' and declared that " Jewish intestate. foreign tax credit due to him in respect of income communities everywhere . . . will continue ... to . '^fter a short survey of the British system of from foreign possessions. urge the Soviet authorities to restore the rights axaiion and its administration, the authors The publication will not advise him that he and facilities to which Soviet Jewry is entitled ". aescnbe the outlines of the United Kingdom law can legally save lax on foreign earned income, One of the two resolutions dealing with Argen­ n income tax, surtax, profits tax, with special which he is liable to surrender to the Treasury tine Jewry, moved on behalf of their representa­ napiers on taxation of non-resident persons and under the Exchange Control Regulations, by tive organisation, Daia, urged all Jewish organisa­ dr> 'J^f^t^e from sources in foreign countries, on instructing his bank to remit the countervalue in tions (in particular, those in the U.S.A.) to ouble taxation relief, on overseas Trade Corpora- £ Sterling to a place within the Sterling area, out­ restrain from " unsolicited interference" in the th c °" '^^ Double Taxation Convention with side the United Kingdom, Argentine-Jewish situation and to co-ordinate their if federal Republic of Germany and the relief The German booklet will, however, give the activities in this field through the " appropriate I,'?'"°^^ides for residents of Germany and of the taxpayer an overall view of the wide field of machinery ", i.e., Cojo. ^"'ted Kingdom. complex problems, on whose solutions the extent Cojo then turned to consideration of its own Sta ^^r> ^"^^ chapters deal with Estate Duty, of his liability to income tax, surtax, profits tax future. Some delegates said that the consultative diii-"^" P"'^ ^"'^ Purchase Tax. An annexe repro- and estate duly depends. It will enable him to era during which Cojo had been formed was now with ^ )he text of the Double Taxation Convention judge whether he should enter the field unaided over. What was needed now was an organisation (M" S^nnany of 18.8.1954 and two Circulars or rather avail himself of expert advice on how which could speak and act in the name of a 1955 I "^''^' °"* (published in Bundessteuerblatt to deal with his income tax returns and assess­ broad world Jewish community.—(J.C.) the IT ' ''• ^^^^ ^°^ '*^^ guidance of residents of ments and claims for allowances and reliefs. and Vt?"^*^ Kingdom on their reliefs in Germany I should like to add a few remarks. The book­ ertr„ *^'^itn for reduction of German Kapital- let mentions on page 23, Case III of Schedule E, InnKpi.*"^'' (withholding tax), and the other. without stating that it applies only to residents. euX^hed in BSlBl. 1956. I, p. 227) for the This means that if and lo the extent to which Kuioance of residenU of the Federal Republic of residents remit their remuneration for activities to ,r>*tiy who wi* to apply for the relief due exercised abroad, they are liable to tax in any Th '^ hy the United Kingdom Revenue. case. rend moH-^' P'lantype is invaluable where technical noted that the German tax rate will be computed lacility. "eoical terms or foreign languagss are used. Write ,J-*''"""<« of proficiency awarded. on the total income of the taxpayer including the = lor prosoectus of day and evening courses : income derived from real property in England ; *^S.lj, „. . THE PALANTYPE COLLEGE PELTOURS ~_^_____n^i9li Holborn, London. W,C,1 (Tel, HOL, 9162;S) also that the rule does not apply vice versa to residents of the United Kingdom, who derive ?9 DUKE ST. LONDON W I Page 8 AJR INFORMATION April, 1963

being biased, whereas persons whose politioal AJR MEETING ON INDEMNIFICATION records were not entirely unblemished, for one reason or another, sometimes took a more lenient attitude. Address by Martin Hirsch, M.d.B. In summing-up the speaker stressed that the efforts of undoing the wrongs should be guided in the first place by compassion wilh the victims Almost 300 people attended the meeting on duty to explain these difficulties in order to save February 18, at which Rechtsanwalt Martin of Nazi persecution. the claimants from illusions and to make them The address was followed by a vivid discus­ Hirsch, M,d,B,, Chairman of the Indemnification see the position in a realistic way. At the same Conunittee of the Bundestag, gave a report on sion. Some of the participants enlarged on the time he pointed out that the emigrated victims of points raised by the Sipeaker, others put forward current restitution and connpensatLon problems. Nazism had hardly a better ally for their cause The meeting was held under the joint auspices the special plight of certain groups of persecutees, than the Parliamentary Indemnification Commit­ e.g., of former members of the liiberal professions Oif the Council of Jews from Germany, the Anglo- tee, which tried everything possible to overcome German Lawyers' Association and the AJR, and of Jewish refugees from Poland. One of the shortcomjngs in the present legislation. speakers stressed that the settlement of the In his introductory remarks Dr, W. Breslauer, indemnification problem was, in the first place. Vice-President of the Council, recalled that Amendments to Restitution and an ethical task and that the way in which it would indemnification of the victims of Nazism had Compensation Laws be handled would be of decisive influence on the always been a common concem of all three lead­ attitude of the victims to post-war Geimany. ing political parties in Germany. Its protagonists The speaker then dealt with the proposed included Chancellor Dr. Adenauer and Vice- amendments to ithe Federal Restitution Law and In his vote of thanks Dr. J. Auerbach, Chair­ Chancellor Professor Erhard, as well a« members the Federal Comipensation Law. Uiifortunately man of the Anglo-German Lawyers' Association, of the Social Democratic Party, such as Rechts­ the preparatory work had been delayed owing to stated that the persecutees and their organisations anwalt Gerhard Jahn and Rechtsanwalt Martin the prolonged illness of the former Minister of considered it their duty not to relent in their figiht Hirsch, the past and present Chairmen of the Finance, Herr Etzel, and the recent resignation for just indemnifica'tion. Parhamentary Indemnification Committee, and of his successor. Dr. Starke. He expected that leaders of the Free Democratic Party, e.g.. Dr. the Government drafts to Ihe two amendments Dehler. Dr. Breslauer also reported that on behalf would be ready within the next few month*. It BEAMTE of the Council of Jews from Germany he and was realised that, in view of the advanced age Dr. F. Goldschmidt had recently called on the of many claimants, a speeding-up of the subse­ Erhoehung TOD Versorgungsbezuegen newly appointed Minister of Finance, Dr, quent legislative procedure would be highly Dahlgruen, in order to impress on him some of Durch das Dritte Gesetz ueber die Erhoehung essential. On the other hand, it was also in the von Dienst—und Versorgungsbezuegen (Dritles the most urgent demands of the Jews from interests of the claimants that the drafts should Germany. Besoldungserhoehungsgesetz vom 21.2.1963. be considered carefully in order to achieve laws Bundesgesetzblatt Nr. 12 vom 1. Maerz, 1963 Dr. Breslauer expressed his pleasure at the fact which did not lay themselves open to misunder­ Seite 129) sind die Gehaelter und Versorgungs­ that the German Ambassador, Dr, H, von standings or misinterpretations. Although no bezuege der Bundesbeamten um etwa 6% mit Btzdorf, had attended thc meeting. In a brief undertakings could be given at this juncture, il Wirkung vom 1.1.1963 erhoeht worden. address the Ambassador stressed that the question was hoped that the final stage for the amendment Hierdurch tritt automatisch eine gleiche Erhoe­ of mdemnification was a personal concem both of the Federal Restitution Law would be reached hung der Versorgungsbezuege der Bediensteten for himself and for the members of the Embassy. before or shortly after the summer recess, and juedischer Gemeinden ein, They had never considered it sufficient to restrict that, after this, the amendment lo the Federal Indemnification Law could be considered. Soweit Renten auf Grund des Bundesent­ their activities to being " i>ostmen " between the schaedigungsgesetzes in Frage kommen, muss claimants and the German authonities, and were With regard to _the shortcomings of the Federal noch eine besondere Rechtsverordnung ergehen, anxious to help in overcoming difficulties and mis­ Restitution Laiw, Herr Hirsch dealt with the bevor die Erhoehung in Wirksamkeit tritt. understandings and to expedite the settlement of present limitation of the total payments to claims. 1,500 million DM. This limitation was stipulated In an interesting, detailed and iively report the during the negotiations at The Hague in 1952, ANZEIGE VON TODESFAELLEN main speaker of the evening, Rechtsanwalt Hirsch, before a new clause had been incorporated into Wir werden von URO gebeten, folgenden dealt both with the limitations and the possibilities the law (Clause 5) which substantially increased Hinweis zu veroeffentlichen : of trying to undo the wrongs of the past. In the liabilities arising out of its implementation Beim Tode von Verfolgten, welche auf grund the Federal budget, he stated, " indemnification " and thus reduced the shares of the individual der Entschaedigungsgesetzgebung, der Beamten- appeared under the same heading (" Kriegsfolgen ") claimants. Wiedergutmachungsgesetze und der deutschen as the payments to certain groups of Germans, With regard to the Federal Indemnification Sozialversioherung Renten bezogen haben, ist es e.g., expellees and disabled ex-servicemen. In Law one of the deficiencies was the exclusion of fact, however, these two types of claimanls dringend geboten, dass die Hinterbliebenen den the heirs of pei^eculees from Eastem Germany Todesfall unter Beifuegung des Certificate of belonged to entirely different categories. The duty and the territories East of the Oder Neisse line, of indemnifying the victims of Nazi persecution Death alsbald dem Bevollmaechtigten, der den if the persecutees had died before emigration or Verstorbenen in dem Verfahren vertrelen hat, arose from illegal acts perpetrated by the Ger­ deportation. This was an anomaly which could mans, whereas the other types of damages were Anzeige erstatten. Hatte der Verstorbene die not be justified. It was also a hardship that widows Ansprueche nicht durch einen Bevollmaechtigten. the result of a lost war launched in the name of who had lost their husbands before November Germany. The Gennan Federal Ropiublic was 1, 1953, did not qualify for annuities. With regard sondera selbst bearbeitet, so sind die Anzeige und only one of the three successors of the Germain to persecutees who had left countries behind the die Sterbeurkunde an die Behoerde einzureiohen, Reich, the other two being the " German Demo­ Iron Curtain after October, 1953, the speaker welche die Rentenzahilungen geleistet hat. War cratic Republic" and Austria. However, con­ exipressed his sympathy with their claims, but also URO die Bevollmaeohtigte, so hat die Anzeige trary to the Federal Republic, the "Gennan drew the listeners' attention to certain legislative an URO zu erfolgen. Namentlich fuer die Democratic Republic" did not compensate and political problems involved. Difficulties often Umstellung von Bsrufsschadensrenten auf die emigrated victiins of Nazism at all, and the pay­ arose m cases of damage to health. He expressed Witwenrente in Faellen. in denen der Verstorbene ments of Austria were very limited. the view that, if it was not possible to assess eine Witwe hinterlassen hat, ist die baldige Anzeige with absolute certainty whether or not loss of dringend, da die Festsetzjung der Witwenrenle im A certain psychological difficulty arose from health was due lo persecution, the decision should Interesse der Witwe sobald als moeglich in die the fact that the German " Laender" also had Wege zu leiten ist. a say in the legislation and were in charge of the be made in favour of the perseoutee. implementation of the laws. It would, perhaps, Dealing with administrative machinery Herr CLAIMS CONFERENCE MEETING have been better if the whole problem had been Hirsch stated that^ it was not easy to find suitable dealt with centrally by the Federal Republic, officials for carrying out such a specialised and, This year's meeting of the Conference on Jewisb because Germany's reputation abroad was at by its nature, temporary task. It had also tumed Material Claims Against Germany, held in New stake and foreign policy was the responsibility of out that officials or judges who had been perse­ York on March 3, was attended by more than the Federal Authorities. cutees themselves were sometimes inclined to be 40 leaders from North and South America, Herr Hirsch stressed that he considered it his particularly strict lest they might be suspected of Europe, Israel and South Africa. The Claims Conference is in charge of allocating payments agreed upon by the German Federal RepubHc at the Conference at The Hague in 1952. The pay­ ments are made annually for a period of 12 years and will come to an end in 1965. Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. It was decided in New York that two-thirds of the last payment due in 1965 should not be dis­ Bankers tributed but should form the nucleus of a Trust, the revenue from which would be used for cultural BASILDON HOUSE, 741, MOORGATE, E.C.2 purposes. The allocations for the current year indude Telephone: METropolitan 8151 about £1 million for rehabilitation and resettle­ ment work in France, Altogether, £3i million Repre«encingi were distributed among organisations in various countries for relief and cultural work. In his 1. L.'FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION presidential address Dr. Nahum Goldmann also TEL AVIV I JERUSALEM : HAIFA ! 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N,Y. pressed for a speeding up of the settlement of indemnification claims and for an eariy improve­ ment of the existing laws. AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 9 Kenneth Ambrose THE LETTER Old Acquaintances It is just twenty-one years since tihe letter reached In the long run, we shall, of course, all disappear Milestones : Herbert Ihering, leading dramatic me at last. It had followed me right round the into the stream of history as so many noughts critic of the 'twenties who now lives in East Ber­ world and had taken thirteen months. It had been lin, has tumed 75.—Lotte Lehmann, the famous in an astronomical figure. That is as it should singer, has also become 75 in Santa Barbara.— I T^ near Lublin, in Poland, and through the be; there will be other people after us, who will Grete Weiser, the German comedienne, is now 60 good offices of the Red Cross it was sent on to build on what we left behind. Meanwhile, I know and still very active.—^Actor Erich Otto, former '^listralia and from there to England, my own children wU remember Aunt Lucie and president of the German " Equity", is 80 years fir t ''^"'g'l'^d Aunt Lucie's handwriting on the .^unt Tekla and their friends and relatives, because old,—Wolfgang von Gronau, who flew solo to 'rst of the two sheets. "... J hope you may I have told them their story. the States in 1930, is 70.—Wolfgang Gurlitt, the fT'^^. ^^ that side of life which we are now Perhaps, when they grow up, they will not only art dealer, tumed 75 ; he now has an art gallery ir. f ^^ experience, . . ." When I read these travel to the moon but wdlil pass Aunt Lucie's in Munich. co% the first time it was only 1942, and one and Aunt Tekla's story on to their own children. ev f ^^ ^^ ^°** ^"''^ ^^^^ °^^ ^'^^* might not Perhaps—or is this too much to hope?—they will Home Netcs : Fritz Kortner's production of ventually follow the same pattern as hers, also help in their small way lo create the condi­ Max Frisch's " Andorra" and WiUi Schmiidt's on "i& ^^^^ changed a lot," the letter went tions in which there will be little to do for Jordan, production of "Clavigo" are coming to London of t h^' ^" ^^ ^°°^ down with a bad attack or Rockwe'l, or some other Hitler of tomorrow. at the beginning of June and will be presented from^ h ' ^^'^ husband has recently recovered Aunt Lucie and Aunt Tekla would have liked that. by Peter Hall at the Aldwych Theatre.—Though marT r* same disease and has become an old the Berliner Ensemble did not get permission to ^"- I don't think you would recognise any come to London, Helene Weigel was here to see us. , . Brechl's " Baal" with Peter O'Toole.—Martin ,ij,^?<"" Aunt Lucie ! She had been such a prac- EIN UNBEKANNTER BRIEF VON Miller went to Rome to appear in " Pink bas ^ .^tive woman, directing her late fa&er's THEODOR HERZL Panther",—Walter Mehning of Ascona toured t^™*^ 11 "Pomeranian Slippers" almost from Britain's universities and also gave readings of his She h^A k^ '^^^' ^'^ei ^^^ '*'^s '° ^er late teens. Ein gliickiicher ZufaH spielte mir unlan'gst als works at the German Institute in London ; his the p- T '^ '°^ ^"*y '° set married, or perhaps Geschenk eines emigrierten Freundes, des in Wien songs are still as fresh as ever,—Peter Ebert pro­ „T;,"'«,t Worid War spoilt her chances. She was duced the concert performance of " Daughters of (1882) geibiirtigen Hamburger Theaterkritikers Otto the Regiment" at the Royal Festival Hall.—Egon o„7 J^',«

Frits Friedlander (Melbourne) to German citizenship nor to take up arms for Germany in 1914 ? It is true that Gabriel Riesser, as well as the GABRIEL RIESSER Central-Verein, held the conviction that Jewishness was no longer based on Jewish nationality. It is An Assessment on the Centenary of his Death also true that Riesser, although he placed Judaism above the right of citizenship, did not take the "Wenn die Gerechtigkeit unlergeht, hat es But they should bear in mind that leading men of further step to admit that Jewishness cannot only keinen Wert mehr, als Mensch auf Erden contemporaneous German liberalism, like be based on Jewish morality and religion. This zu leben," Dahlmann or Heinrich von Gagern, expressed idea did not occur to him because it would not Kant, their feelings with just such pathos as well. have fitted into the mentality of his age. When Gabriel Riesser died in his native town Therefore, when recently the historian Eleonore When the evil forces of the Nazi regime of Hamburg on April 22, 1863, only 57 years Sterling described Riesser as "naive" and smashed the legal and social position of the Jews old, the Jewish community in Germany remem­ susceptible to " self-deception "• she failed to in Gennany, Jewish personalities who had fought bered him above all as the author of his first appreciate the particular state of mind of his with Riesser's weapons revised his ideology. and basic pamphlet " Ueber die Stellung der period. At a danger point of modern Jewish Ludwig Hollander, of the Central-Verein, had Bekenner des mosaischen Glaubens in Deutsch­ history Riesser realised that, as long as Jews uncompromisingly opposed Jewish nationalism- land ~ An die Deutschen aller Konfessionen" were living in a diaspora, they would always However, under the impact of the Hitler era, (1831), in which he demanded the right of full have to work out a modus vivendi, i.e., a com­ he conceded that the Jews in the Diaspora were citizenship for the Jews in Germany, promise between their claim to Jewish cultural not only a religious group but, as he put it. a Certainly, Gabriel Riesser would never have and religious peculiarity and the demands of the " Glaubens - und Absslammungsgemeinschaft "• succeeded in his fight for the full emancipation surrounding world, Riesser who, as a lawyer, During the last years of his life — he died in of his fellow Jews unless a strong current of had a sound sense of realities, knew very well 1936 — he took a keen interest in the reconstruc­ contemporaneous German evolution had sup­ that many obstacles were placed in the path of tion of a Jewish Palestine ; yet he upheld his ported him. It was only on account of the fact such a compromise, and that an atmosphere of belief that the majority of the Jews would have that a considerable group of German liberals tension, sometimes explosive, was hovering over 10 live on in the different areas of the Diaspora- favoured the emancipation of the Jews that this path. Riesser was approved of when he put the case In the footsteps of Hollander, Eva G. Reich­ of his co-religionist. The Fortunes of German Jewry mann staled that the process of assimilation had not resulted in the loss of a " Jewish identity "• Born in Hamburg on April 2, 1806, the young Did Riesser underrate the weight of these Gabriel Riesser personally experienced the fact " Though separating barriers had disappeared and obstacles? First of all. it was of most tragic though rehgious differences had lost their weight that the Jews in Germany were only allowed to consequence that, after his death, German history live as second-rate citizens. Despite his talents the Jews remained an identifiable group." (" Die took a turn which could not be foreseen by him. Flucht in den Hass.") he was denied a legal career. Thus he accepted A Germany which Riesser and his political friends the role of '" advocate for the German Jews." had fought for — a liberalised Germany in whose Of course, Riesser also wanted to maintain ' and by virtue of his personality he at least administration the people had their full share — " Jewish identity." but in accordance with the became a very busy notary in Hamburg in 1840, was replaced by Bismarck's Prussianised, " Messianic " trend of contemporary liberalism he The year 1848 was also a turning point in his imperialistic Germany, based on the concept of hoped for a growing social harmony in which life : the constituency of Lauenburg elected him " Blood and Iron ", The failure of the German the Jewish identity might be reduced to a purely as its deputy to the first German National revolution of 1848/49 had, inter alia, the dreadful ethical and religious peculiarity. On the other Assembly, the Frankfurt Parliament. Averse to consequence that a thorough emancipation of hand, Hollander and Eva G. Reichmann, standing any radicalism, he joined the moderate Liberal the Jews in Germany, as it was conceived and at the end of a long road, had to realise that i" party which stood for a liberalised and unified championed by Gabriel Riesser, was never put modern Germany social chagrin thwarted social Germany, It was significant that he first took into effect. The victorious Prussian bureaucracy, harmony and barred the path to a thorough the floor as a defender of equal rights for the conscious of the defeat of German democracy, emancipation of the Jews. Both had to taste the lewish minority, and it was certainly the culmina­ made haste to ring the death knell of the bitter truth of Goethe's words " experience is the tion of his political career when he was appointed emancipation. parody of idea." a Vice-President of this august assembly. After Treitschke, enthralled by " the wild poetry In Hamburg, Riesser rendered distinguished of war ", had displaced Dahlmann's cosmopolitan Fight for Human Dignity service in public affairs until his premature death. humanism, the Weimar Republic had little He was not only appointed Vice-Chairman of the chance when it tried to renew the tradition of Hamburg City Council in 1859. but also judge 1848/49 and, in particular, lo carry out the Nevertheless, it would be wide of the mark t" of the High Court, thus being the first judge of hitherto thwarted emancipation of the Jews. This conclude from Hollander's and Eva G. Reich' Jewish descent in Germany. unfortunate first German Republic, weighed down mann's corrections that Riesser's ideology ha* His Credo bv the onus of a lost war. could not stem the become basically invalid. For in the forum "' tide of a mounting opposition in which ruthless history not the evil forces prevail but the ideas This man who was accused of promoting reactionaries and fierce antisemites joined hands. of liberty, justice and human dignity, and on* unbridled Jewish assimilationalism, in fact, It was unfortunate, too, that on the internal of their champions was Gabriel Riesser, emphasised that " more important to the Jews Jewish scene a large number of Jews in Germany Certainly. Riesser underrated the strength oi than their full civil rights is their most precious did not live up to Riesser's and Abraham Geiger's the forces in Germany which were antagonistic t? possession, their Judaism". He always con­ expectations. They became unfaithful either to the Jews. Indeed, Heine had a keener present!' demned defection from Judaism and exposed the Judaism or to the noble ideals proclaimed by ment of the threatening danger. Can Riesser b* dishonesty of such a step : " Anybody who both great men, until a grave menace from out­ blamed for having failed to sense the catastrophe changes his religion and then obtains a lucrative side — the antisemitic wave of the Stoecker era — of the " Final Solution " ? office which otherwise would not have been forced them to shake off their lethargy and com­ accessible to him will rightly be blamed for placency. At last, in 1893. a Jewish organisation At the opening of the Leo Baeck Institute '" having acted out of selfishness." was founded, capable of taking up Gabriel 1955, Professor Ernst Simon answered this Throughout his life. Riesser upheld the principle Riesser's legacy : the "Central-Verein deulscher question strikingly : " Wer die Schrecken de' that the preservation of Jewishness and Judaism Staatsbiirger judischen Glaubens" imbued the Katastrophe voraussehen konnte, musste sO had to be placed above the claim for civil Jews in Germany with a fresh impetus lo stand schlecht sein wie jene, die sie liber uns gebrach' emancipation. Admittedly, a considerable number up for their civic rights and to ward off the haben. Niemand von uns braucht dies von sich of his Jewish contemporaries became unfaithful onslaught of Jew-hatred. For this reason, we zu sagen." to Judaism. However, the majority of the Jews think, a distinguished Zionist, Robert Weltsch, Could such a foresight be expected from a ma"* in Germany responded to Riesser's strongly conceded in a conversation with the present writer like Gabriel Riesser whom a progressive Germa^ worded moral appeal. that the Central-Verein was " a great Jewish contemporary compared with Lessing's Nathan • Of course. Jews of our day, disillusioned by movement", bitter experience, will find it hard to reconcile their resentment with the declamatory and the Ideology on Trial moralising pathos with which Riesser, the powerful While, in the wake of Riesser and Abraham Gorta Radiovision orator and writer, used to present his arguments. Geiger, the Central-Verein endeavoured to find a solution to the problem of a Jewish diaspora in Service Germany, Theodor Herzl, a Jew who lacked all Jewishness and whose education was entirely (Member R.T.R.A.) German, succeeded where the Russian-bom Jewish nationalists had failed and organised Jewish 13, Frognal Parade, modern nationalism as a political movement. As Finchley Road, N.W.3 Wir kaufwi Einzalwvke, Bibliothcken, soon as his " Judenstaat" was published in 1896, SALES REPAIRS i.e,. three years after the foundation of the Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, Autegrsphan und modarn* Graphik Cenlral-Verein. Riesser's ideology became Grundig, etc. controversial. However, was it not somehow a Refrigerators, Washing-Machines Stockeil Diraklor: Dr, Josaph Suschitzky vindication of this ideology that the Zionists in Mr. Gort will always be pleased to ita BOUNDARY RD.. LONDON. N.W.I Germany neither hesitated to maintain their rights advise you. • Jewish Reaction to lew-Hatred: Yearbook III. Leo (HAM, 8635) •'•'-r'"— HAL 3Q3Qf Baeck Institute, AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 11

German Bundestag concemed with the compensa­ IN MEMORY OF ERNEST H. STERN tion question, and Dr. Schaeffer never again raised his voice against the compensation legislation. at .1" ^"^'^ ^- ^'*''" ^'^^ °° February 19th, the board of the Economist and the Union Stern was an interested member of the AJR •ii the age of 71 years, after a short illness, Corporation Ltd., took the opportunity and, in since its inception. He also belonged to the tat- ° ^^^ ^" economist of international repu- 1933, appointed him economic adviser of the congregation of the Norih-Weslern Reform Syna­ ^iion In 1919 he was called by Professor Julius Union Corporation, one of the leading gold- gogue and was an active member of ils Council "irsch to the position of a Referent in the holding companies in London. Here Stern worked for several years. Reichsernaehrungsminislerium and later joined the for more than 20 years. He soon became a These were Stern's achievements. His great ^eichswirtschaftsminislerium and the SlatisUsche widely acknowledged expert on gold and currency intellectual gifts and energy were combined with anH u ""' ^h^re he worked on cartel problems problems and published valuable articles in leading a character cheerful and warmhearted, straight­ „"?• '"«? reform of the German statistics of inter- English and American economic periodicals. forward and sterling. This made him the beloved "n°"^i trade. In 1923 he published his book, Having reached retiring age he left the Union head of his family, the most loyal and cherished -V" Hoechslpreis", a study of the problem of Corporation and, in 1956, joined the Rio Tinto friend and the wise adviser of the many who ^™^,Restrictions in times of inflation, which is Company as a part-time economic adviser for asked for his help, which he gave generously. probi the standard work on this complex another four years. Stem is survived by his widow, Margaret, who Stern rendered an importani service to Mr. nursed him wilh self-sacrifice during his several When the Reichskredilgesellschaft A.G., an Winston Churchill, as he then was, in his efforts illnesses, and by his daughter and son ; our deep (j"P.°''tant German bank owned by the Reich, lo urge forward Britain's military preparations sympathy goes out to them. 1974 ^o *° establish an economic department in before the war, Churchill found it difficult to H. NEUFELD. her • " *^s asked lo build il up and to obtain a clear picture of the German rearmament yeari*"^ 'ts manager. There he created the half- from the official publications, which were veiled JEWS IN HANAU whirh '^^''"''ts on the German economic position, in secrecy, and asked his friend. Sir Henry Surv ^^"^^ similar to the annual Economic Strakosch, whether he could not find out what Memorial Book Planned end ^^^ K^ **** British Treasury issued since the was actually happening in Germany. Stern was natio° /f '^^' ^^^- '^^^y ^°°" acquired inler- given the task of making an estimate and he The municipality of Hanau a.M. plans the and ^^nie, were published in several languages " reported with precise and lengthy detail that publication of a Memorial Book about the history ipfjj *^re reputed as one of the best sources of the German war expenditure was certainly round of the Jews in Hanau and ajjpeails for the ment^'^c'"^ about Germany's economic develop- about a thousand million pounds sterling a co-operation of former Jewish citizens of that city. Bi.nH u ^^" today the reports of the Deutsche year ",* Churchill immediately drew Chamber­ It would appreciate notification of their present reports are still shaped in the style of Stern's lain's attention to this figure in the House of addresses as well as any information which might Commons, He has told the story in his war be useful for the implementation of the scheme. and n! 'n* '•^luest of the German Government memoirs. Stern, in his modesty, never mentioned Inter alia, particulars about any of the following renntat^ '^eichsbank. Stern used his international this work even to his closest friends before it was questions would be of interest: Numerical national"" ^°^ preparing the ground before inler- disclosed in Churchill's book. slrengtli of the Jewish community in the years econn • "^"^^erences on reparations and other 1900, 1933 and 1938 ; list of community mem^bers Stern also made a substantial contribution lo a and family documents ; names of deportees; invoiveli*^ IV^stions by discussing the problems memorandum for the Council of Jews from eounir ^'"^ influential persons in foreign losses and awards during the First World War ; Germany, in which Germany's capacity to pay biographical notes on former Jewish citi­ proper compensation lo the victims of Nazi zens ; details about activities of Jews in public came" f ^^'^'^ *^* National Socialist Government persecution was proved beyond any doubt, after life and in the economic, scientific and artistic forced , P^'^^r- the Reichskreditgesellschafl was Dr. F. Schaeffer, then German Minister of Justice, spheres. on bv V • ^"P'ss Stern : yel his work was carried had claimed that adequate compensation might some of ^"P'""^ colleagues trained in his methods, impair German economy and the international Information should be sent either via the German °^ "ow hold leading positions in value of the German currency. The memorandum Council of Jews from Germany, 183/9 Finchley made its impact, esp»ecially on members of the Road, London, N,W,3, or direct to: Maigistrat for L„'*r° ,^ abilities had then become available der Stadt Hanau a.M., Abl 41, z. H. von Herrn "ew Usks, Sir Henry Slrakosch, Chairman of • Churchill : The Second Wortd War, Vol, 1. page 177f, Stadtrat Oskar Sohenck.

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Jacob Jticobson her narrative, comes to the conclusion that there are only two ways open for the Jews of our days: either lo go the way that leads to Zion or to let THE DAWN OF EMANCIPATION themselves be absorbed by the nations in whose culture and way of life they participate. This is a view gained from the experience of our own Biography of Fanny Arnstein dark days and, admittedly, the society circle of A familiar feature of German-Jewish history and the ever-growing financial importance of her the Arnsteins did not stand the test of their al the turn of the eighteenth century was the husband, could offer hospitaUty on a style much days. In a sense, however, they were the fore­ so-called " salons", presided over by spirited, grander than that of Berlin's salons. runners of emancipation inasmuch as they witty and beautiful Jewish ladies. These salons Undoubtedly, apart from wealth, the decisive belonged to a privileged circle which could pene­ were the meeting points of enlightened and factors in Fanny's social success were her intelli­ trate the barriers of prejudices towards the Jews, assimilated members of the Jewish upper class gence, energy, personal charms and, above all, although they themselves were Jews. But in the and scholars, writers, officials, officers and' those her gift of stimulating conversation. Also, she eyes of the Vienna Gentile society, especially of members of the nobility who did not share the knew very well how to treat her guests according tlie nobility, these rich Jews were probably " Jews prejudices of their class. lo their merits and their social status. in transition "—in transition from the Jewish to Every student of history is acquainted with The climax of Fanny's—then Baroness Fanny the Christian faith. They paid for their the achievements of personalities such as Rahel von Arnstein—social and political career was emancipation, their absorption into society, by Levin and Henrietta Herz, and the career of reached, at the time when, in Vienna, the famous thorough assimilation. Dorothea Mendelssohn-Veit-Schlegel is likewise Congress danced, while Napoleon was preparing But is there really no way out of this dUemma ? well known. Much less has been written about his triumphant return from Elba. The role Is there not a third way open ? Will not some of a Jewish woman who played a role in Vienna played during this short but important period us remain wanderers between two worlds ? similar to that of the famous Jewesses of her assured the Arnstein salon, and especially its Hilde Spiel's book relies on material drawn native Berlin. Now, however, wc are thoroughly hostess, its place in the annals of history. The partly from archives, partly from memoirs, informed about her hfe and her endeavours in a balls and splendid festivities, the daily At Homes, spiced by a little gossip. It shows a sound know­ fascinating book written with vivacity, intuition made it possible to arrange personal contacts and ledge of thc history of Prussian and Austrian and the power 'of imaginative description so to set afoot political intrigues. Jewries, and this helped her underline the characteristic of the successful novelist. Hilde Two opposite parties met in the ballroom of special theme of her work. Perhaps one detail Spiel has published the story of Fanny von Arn- the Arnsteins : one adhering to the Austrian or another could have been corrected or could slein (1758-1818).* Like Rahel Levin and cause, the other taking sides with Prussia and her be seen in a different perspective, but even that Henrietta Herz, Fanny Arnstein (n^ Itzig) grew territorial aspirations. Baron Arnstein, the does not matter very much. Every writer is up in the Berlin of Frederick the Great. Her banker of the House of Hapsburg and of the entitled lo his own opinion about the problem parents belonged to the most respected members Austrian Empire, belonged, as could not be other­ he deals with, and there can be no doubt whatsp- of the rich Jewish upper class, her father, Daniel wise expected, to the Austrian party, whilst his ever that this book compares well wilh the many Itzig. being the Court banker and the most wife, remembering the days of her youth, defended books and essays written about the heroines of important elder of the Prussian Jews (Ober- the Prussian cause with unrestrained passion. the intellectual salons of Berlin. It is worth landesaltester), one of the so-called " Munzjuden " reading. who, by their risky financial operations, helped Reactionary Measures the King to overcome the anxieties and difficul­ LEO BAECK INSTITUTE MEETING IN ties of the Seven Years War. Occasionally there appeared in Vienna Jacob FRANKFURT Daniel Itzig was eager to let his children have Baruch, of Frankfurt, the father of Ludwig a most advanced education and, as he was granted Boernc, to fight against the reactionary measures On March 17 the "Society of Friends of the special privileges, his daughter, Fanny, enjoyed of the Frankfurt civic administration affecting Leo Baeck Institute" in Germany held a con­ a rich and cultured atmosphere, hardly hampered the newly acquired legal status of the Jewish ference in Frankfurt, Reports on the Institute's by the restrictions imposed upon other Pmssian population of that city. He could be sure of the .lotivities and plans were given by Dr. Siegfried Jews of her time. sympathy of Nathan and Fanny Arnslein, who Moses (Jerusalem), the President of the L.B.L. In June, 1776, Fanny Itzig married Nathan assisted those statesmen and writers of the and Dr. Robert Weltsch, the Head of the London Adam Arnslein, of Vienna. She was only a young Congress who favoured a liberal solution to Section and Editor of the L.B.I. Year Books, woman when she left Berlin, but the memories the Jewish question. In this respect they were thc Both speakers asked the audience to give their of her happy and impressive youthful days never champions of the Jewish cause, but otherwise support to the Institute, Dr, Moses also pointed faded. She always remained proud of her native their interest in Jewish affairs was not out­ out that the L,B,I, would be gladly prepared to Berlin and faithful to her Berlin family, never standing. give its advice and assistance to institutes in forgetting her Prussian origin. Neither Fanny nor her husband cut themselves Germany which were doing research work on the The social, cultural and political atmosphere off from the Viennese Jewish community, history of the Jews in Germany. of Vienna was quite different from that of Berlin although gradually their connection lost its The Conference over which the Chainnan of and often met with Fanny's criticism ; but with momentum. Fanny Arnstein, a benefactress of the " Friends of the L.B.I." in Germany, Dr, E, G- the tenacity, inherited from her ancestors, and the poor of all denominations, never forgot the Lowenthal, presided was attended by Jewish com­ with the ambition of a social climber she made Jewish institutions which cared for those who munal workers from all parts of Westem Germany her way into the sphere of the Gentile society needed help, and she and her husband died mem­ and from Westem Berlin, including the ChaiiTma,n of the Imperial capital. First she won entry into bers of the old faith. However, their only child. and General Secretary of the Zentralrat dC thc rank and file of the nobility, ultimately finding Baroness Henrietia Arnstein-Pereira, was con­ Juden in Deutschland, Professor Dr. Heitiert herself admitted to even the most exclusive circle verted to the Catholic Church, as were nearly Lewin and Dr. H, G. van Dam resipectively, the of Austria's aristocracy. This was no small all their relatives and most of the once Jewish Editor of the Allgemeine Wochenzeitung der triumph for the unbaptised daughter of Daniel hinh financiers of Vienna who were contempor­ Juden in Deutschland, Karl Marx, Senator Dr- Itzig, who, due to the wealth of her father aries of Fanny and Nathan Arnstein. Herbert Weichmann (Hamburg), Mrs. leanette * Hilde Spiel : Fanny TOR Arnsteln Oder Die Gnuunlpalloil. Hilde Spiel has given her book the additional Wolff, Mr. Heinz Galinski, as well as several .S. Fischer. Frankfun ^Main. DM, 2S. title "The Emancipation" and, in the course of rabbis.

WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL AJR CLUB Through Zion House, S7 Eton Avenue, N.W.3 BARON TRAVEL COMPANY SUNDAY, APRIL 28 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, at 4.30 p.m. EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX Tel. : STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 CONCERT Cobles : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE given by PROPRIETOR : I, G. 1. BARON. M.T.A.l. LOUISE ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE METZER-GOLDSTONE MIMHR or TRAVEL TRADi ASSOCIATION t, IRITISH TRAVEL « HOLIOAVf ASSOCIATION (Piano) LESLIE GOLDSTONE H. KAUFMANN H.WOORTMAN&SON (Violin) Painting & Decoroting 8, Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.3 PAUL BLUMENFELD 'Phon* : HAMp

fiichard A. Ehrlich (Cambridge, Mass.) Bishop, and the travellers landed safely in Jaffa three weeks later. The ceremonial entry of the Bishop into Jerusalem is described by con­ MICHAEL SOLOMON ALEXANDER temporary reporters as absolutely magnificent. The Bishop's tenure of office did not last very The First Evangelical Bishop in Jerusalem long. He died suddenly while making a journey of inspection at Ras-el-Wady in Egypt on |B the sorrowful history of the Jewish people theology and received an incumbency in Dublin. November 22nd, 184^. at the age of 47, I has unfortunately often been the case that those However, he soon relinquished this ofiice and, as Much has been pubhshed about the influence of *no did most harm lo their former community a missionary, travelled widely, to Dusseldorf, Bishop Alexander and all the writings are unani­ r'ere the baptised Jews. Thus it is extremely Elberfeld, Berlin, Danzig, Posen and Warsaw, He mous in emphasising that he never denied his interesting to learn about the life history and also visited his home town of Schocnlanke, wilh Jewish ancestry, but rather stressed it. During devel opment of one very important man who the intention of preaching in the church there. the period of his activities in London this was form, , -;s a praiseworthy exception. The following The reunion with his relatives was touching, but noticeable, especially in 1840, when the sad nisiorical facts will be of special interest to the the Jews showed him such enmity that he left the drama of Damascus was being enacted, Alexander le^ f^ of this magazine, because they concern a town secretly by night. In 1832, when he was 33, drew up an Appeal, which he had signed by * "Oin Germany who. after his conversion, Alexander became a professor at King's College, 57 baptised Jews. The nobility of his character xerted his powerful influence, not against the London, At that time he must already have been is unmistakable in its wording: 1*^' hut always in favour of Jewry, of which he exceptionally learned, for a Chair of Rabbinical 'ways acknowledged himself a member. and Talmudic Law was specially created for him. " We, the undersigned, members of the Jewish His inaugural lecture, which appeared in print, nation, who lived until the years of our man­ of M 1^"\ ''^'"S a Jewish teacher and cantor had as its subject the importance of Hebrew and hood in the faith and habits of modern Jewry, ichael Solomon Alexander succeeded in Rabbinical literature. He was granted the title but are now by the grace of God members of becoming ihe first bishop of the Anglican See of of Doctor of Divinity. the Christian Church, solemnly deny that we ••usaiern. His life story is strange enough to When in 1841 King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of have ever heard, either directly or indirectly, 1799^"^ hs leUing here. Alexander was born in Prussia, in conjunction with Queen Victoria of of any usage amongst Jews of killing Christians p '" Schoenlanke in the former province of and using their blood ; rather do we declare England, created an evangelical bishopric in Jeru­ that we consider this accusation, so often made unh " ^^^ enjoyed a strictly religious. Talmudic salem, he could find no worthier person as prince against the Jews in the past, as a foolish and PDringing in his parents' house. At the eariy of the church than Michael Solomon Alexander. satanic lie." lan» '^^ taught the Talmud and the German His consecration as bishop took place on Novem­ ""O h *^^ '" 'he schools of his home province. At ber 7th, 1841, in the Chapel of Lambeth Palace To this not entirely ordinary life history we DrnrrT ^'"'Srated to England, where he had been in London. The Archbishop and Primate of may add that, in spite of everything, the lies Do«v'*' a post as a butcher and cantor. This England was assisted in the service by the Bishops between his very religious Jewish family circle he oh^°-' ''°"'ever. did not materialise, but instead of Rochester, London and New Zealand, In and their famous brother remained loving and Ihp ^ position as a tutor in Colchester on addition to the bishops and official religious constant. The Bishop supported the members of Lond^'^°"™^"

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NEW PRESIDENT OF VIENNA Round and About COMMUNITY Dr, Ernst Feldsberg has been elected President BONN HONOURS BUBER AWARD FOR EGON LARSEN of the Wiener Kultusgemeinde in place of Dr, Emil Maurer, who had to resign for health In honour of Professor Martin Buber's 85th The author and journalist. Egon Larsen reasons. Born in 1894 in Nikolsburg (Moravia), birthday the State Government of North Rhine- (London), was awarded the First Prize in the Dr, Feldsberg was legal adviser to the Wiener Westphalia will establish a Chair of Jewish Studies Reporters' Competition of the Bavarian Broad­ Giro-und Cassenverein until he was dismissed in and an Institute for Jewish Research, to be called casting Service (Munich), The subject was " Mit 1938 ; later, he was deported to Theresienstadt. the " Martin Buber Institute ", at a North Rhine- dem Mikrophon durch Bamberg", and the After the liberation, he voluntarily remained in Westphaha university. majority of the 3,000 listeners, who expressed the camp in order to help fight an epidemic which their views on the broadcasts by several reporters. claimed a great number of victims. He now Many West German newspapers published considered Larsen's reportage as the best one, detailed appreciations to mark Professor Buber's Egon Larsen-Lehrburger, who was bom in again holds a position with one of Austria's birthday, and he received congratulatory messages Munich in 1904, came to England in 1938. As leading banks, apart from numerous honorary from West German leaders, including one from a free-lance writer he has worked for the B.B.C, offices, Dr. Eugen Gerstenmaier. President of the Bonn since 1941, and, during the past ten years, also Dr, Feldsberg, whose father was the Secretary Federal Parliament, President Heinrich Liibke for the Bavarian Broadcasting Service, He has of the Nikolsburg community has been associated said that Professor Buber's creative work had more than 20 books to his credit, many of them with Jewish actLvities from his early youth shown many people the way, towards a lively written for adolescents and dealing with historical onwards. In his presidential address he referred understanding of God. Dr, Adenauer said : " We or scientific subjects in a popular way. For many to the community's important schemes now in recognise with gratitude that yoii have given years Egon Larsen has also contributed to this progress, which included the adaptation of the frequent proof of your readiness for reconciliation journal, and the AJR expresses its congratula­ Seitenslettengasse Temple, the construction of a and understanding towards the German people tions to him on his latest achievement, Jewish centre, the rebuilding of the destroyed since the war." hall at the Central Cemetery and the erection of GERMAN-JEWISH DOCTOR HONOURED an Orthodox synagogue, RICHARD A. EHRLICH 75 A ward of the new geriatric block at St. Mary's PRAGUE DOCUMENTARY EXHIBITION Hospital, Bury St. Edmunds, which will be opened The Jewish State Museum in Prague has Mr. Richard A. Ehrlich, whose article about later this year, is to be named after Dr. W, organised an exhibition of documents of the Nazi Bishop Alexander is published in this issue, Gordon, who was physician in charge of St, persecution of the Jews in occupied Czecho­ recently celebrated his 75th birthday. In Germany Mary's, Dr, Gordon who, prior to his emigration, slovakia, On display are documents and pictures he took a leading part in the work of the " Ver­ practised in Hildesheim, has been an interested on the deportation of Czech Jews, including some band juedischer Heimatvereine ", Mr. Ehrlich. member of the AJR since its inception. His 200 photographs taken by the S,S, during the who spent several years in Theresienstadt. now advice as an exjperienced geriatrician was also most deportations. Pictures taken at the Theresienstadt lives in Cambridge, Mass. We extend our sin­ useful when the plans for Osmond House were Ghetto were reported to have made a particularly cerest congratulations to him. considered by the committee in charge. shocking impact.

FAMILY EVENTS Deaths EDUCATED MAN, 55. formerly FRENCH GIRL, 17. wants to stay own wool import/export business in as paying guest with Jewish family Entries in the column Family Events Bowen.—Ernest Bowen, of 68 Brook- side Road, London, N.W.ll, passed Budapest; versatile linguist; experi­ in England during August to improve are free of charge. Texts should be away on March 4. after a long illness enced correspondent and economics her English. Also speaks German. sent in by the Mth of the month. at the age of 78. Deeply mourned iournalist ; conscientious; reliable : Please write Box 210. seeks congenial work. Box 221. Births by his wife, relatives and friends. Reiss.—Mr. Ludwig Reiss passed EXPERIENCED MASSEUR will Personal Roscnstock. — A daughter (Eva away peacefully on February 23, in give treatment in clients' homes. CONTINENTAL GENTLEMAN, Marianna) was born on March 5 to his 87th year. Deeply mourned by Box 222, Janet and Michael Rosenstock. 11682 established in wholesale textiles in his children, Ann and Paul Vollmer, the North of England, visiting Montana Avenue. Los Angeles 49, Detroit; George and Edith Reiss and BOOKKEEPER with many years' CaliL, U.S.A, First grandchild for experience up to trial balance and London for Pesach, wishes to meet his only grandson, Peter Reiss, 22 refined lady over 30. Object matri­ Susanne and Werner Roseristock, Stuart Avenue, London, N.W,9. beyond, conversant with P.A.Y.E,, 77D Compayne Gardens, London, seeks part-time position. Box 225. mony. Box 220, N.W.6. Ury.—Dr. Ludwig Ury (formerly Berlin) passed away peacefully at Women PLEASANT, young-looking (39) Tamesby.—On Febmary 2, a daugh­ 17 Parsifal Road, N.W,6 on February divorcee of German-Jewish origin ter to Ruth (nee van Geldern) and 24, Greatly mourned by his family, CLERK/TYPIST, good references, wishes to meet gentleman, not over Dr. H. Peter Tamesby. 68 Ossulton 48. seeks post, preferably as filing 50 years. Sincerely interested io Way, N,2. a sister to Ruth and CLASSIFIED clerk. Box 217, friendship with a view to marriage- Sylvia — Georgia Miriam Susannah. Box 211. Situations Vacant ENGLISH SHORTHAND - TYPIST. Barmitzvah Men 21. knowledge of French and Linton.—Mr. and Mrs, Kenneth STRONG ELDERLY MAN required Hebrew, seeks part-time position. AJR Needlewoman Service Linton (Susi Braun. formerly Beriin) for antique furniture warehouse, Box 218, are happy to announce the Barmitz­ preferably with knowledge of antique WOMEN available for alterations, vah of their son, John Anthony, on cabinet making, or professional man BOOKKEEPER, conscientious worker, mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI- Saturday, May 4, at the South required. Box 212. seeks part-time work. Box 219, 4449, Manchester Hebrew Congregation Women ACCOUNTS CLERK, 42, experi­ Synagogue, Wilbraham Road,—280 enced in foreign currency conver­ AJR Attendance Service Mauldeth Road West. Chorlton-cum- OLD. FRAIL but ambulant lady Hardy, Manchester, 21, sions, knowledge of invoicing, own WOMEN available to care for sick needs companion with some nursing extensions; languages : English, experience to live in. Box 224. people and invalids, as companions Golden Wedding French German ; responsible, seeks and sitters-in ; full- or part-time (not COOK wanted once or twice weekly. congenial post. Box 223. residential), 'Phone MAI. 4449, Mayer.—Mr, Ludwig and Mrs, Trude Good wages, 'Phone: SPEedwell Mayer (n6e Willstaetter), of 81 Bruns­ 4851, WIDOW, formerly milliner, manag­ wick Road, Ealing, London, W,5 ing capabilities, versatile, seeks part- (fonnerly Karlsruhe), will celebrate Situations Wanted time work, preferably as receptionist. MISSING PERSONS their Golden Wedding on April 17, Men Box 226. Enquiries by AJR Birthday FORMER CARPENTER, skilled, 52, Miscellaneous seeks work in factory, or as packer/ Kupfermann. — Dr, med. Werner Loebner.—Dr, Otto Loebner, of 54 messenger (not sedentary work). VISITING SECRETARY, typing, Kupfermann, who came to England Aberdare Gardens, London, N,W,6 Box 213. translating. interpreting, English, in 1933 or 1934, formeriy with celebrated his 70th birthday on German. French; own typewriter. Neukoellner Krankenhaus. WAITER/SALESMAN, elderly, 20 FUL. 8181, March 24, years in last job. reliable, seeks full- =UNITED SYNAGOGUE^ time position. Box 214. CLERK, good at figures, experienced TO LET Of Interest to Nunes CHANGE OF ADDRESS The United Synagogue Chevra Kadisha has comptometer operator, able to drive, FLATLETS vacancies for Fennale Assistants. Part- time employnnent will tw considered 21 years of age, seeks full-time Bed-sitter, with separate kitchen. In order to ensure that you get although full time preferred. Applicants Bed-sitter with coofcing facilities & h & c. should be physically fit. Salary and position. Box 215. Folkestone (Kent) S3446 your copy of AJR Information expenses plus retirement benefits. Uniform 40 Botiveric Road W, provided. CORRESPONDENT / SECRE­ regularly, please be sure to inform Write to the Sextan Burial Society of the TARY / CLERK, experienced, Proprietresses : Mrs. J. Comfort and us immediately of any change of United Synagogue. Woburn House, Upper Mrs. P. Beer. Woburn Place. London. W.C.1. linguist, pensioner, seeks full- or Previouslv Downs View Private Hotel, address. part-time position. Box 216, AJR INFORMATION April, 1963 Page 15

GHETTO UPRISING MEMORIAL MEETING OBITUARY A Meeting in Commemoration of the Twentieth X DR. ALFRED STRAUS recently visited him from the United Stales. .Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and During the last years Alfred Straus aged of the Six Million Jewish Martyrs in Nazi Europe .f^- Alfred Strault who passed away at the age visibly, but he did not have to suffer unduly from will be held on Sunday. April 21, at 3 p.m,, al °t 82 on March Sth, played a remarkable role his illness. He departed quietly in his sleep the Theatre Royal. Dmry Lane. W.C.2. under OOth in public and Jewish life, without realising his approaching end. the auspices of the Board of Deputies, the j,^ Born in Wuerzburg, he finished his schoohng in Polish-Jewish Ex-Servicemen's Association, the uarmsladi and. later on. studied dentistry at RABBI DR. G. SALZBERGER. World Jewish Congress, the Association of Jewish various universities. In 1903 he started practis­ MALLY DIENEMANN Ex-Servicemen and the Memorial Committee. ing m Frankfurt (Main) where he soon acquired The function is also sponsored by the AJR and a ^ high reputation amongst his colleagues and rose Mrs, Maily Dienemann. widow of Rabbi Dr, number of other organisations. Members of the 10 the position of Chairman of the local Dentists' Max Dienemann (fomierly of Offenbach), one of .\JR and Iheir friends are herewith invited to Association. Al an early date he became active the leaders of Liberal Jewry in Germany, has attend the meeting at which homage will be paid m Jewish life as well. He joined the Frankfurt died in Chicago at the age of 80, She was, in to the victinris of the holocaust. Lodge (later called Marcus Horovitz Lodge) and many respects, a remarkable woman, during her 'he " Loge zum Adler ", He was also one of the life in Germany and later in Israel and the United LEO BAECK INSTITUTE •host active supporters of the West End Synagogue States. It was given to her to combine a high Lecture in London '\ssocialion, and regularly attended the services intellect with an extraordinary warmth and capa­ ot that synagogue, bility for loving. A large circle of friends could Al the next lecture of the Society of Friends shortly before the pogroms of November, 1938, never stop admiring her exceptionally active mind, of the Leo Baeck Instituie, Dr, Jacob Jacobson 'ogether with his wife, he followed his beloved combined with an almost restless urge lo search will speak on " Von Juedischen Familien des alten wother and daughter to London, Here again he round tJie wide horizon that was the background Berlin ", The meeting will be held at the Wiener put himself at the disposal of the community of for her ability to think and judge independently. Library, 4 Devonshire Street, London, W,l, on ^erman Jews, He became an active Board Mally Dicnemann was lo her husba-nd a loving TTiursday, April 25, at 8 p,m. As readers will ^ember of the AJR and rendered his advice and wife who not only stood at his side in developing know, Dr, Jacobson. who was formerly Director assistance to the work of the AJR on innumer- a particularly happy atmosphere within her family of the Archives of the Jews in Germany, is an anrt ?'^'^asions. Under the auspices of the AJR and offering wonderful hospitality to their friends, expert on this subject and recently published a *"Q the Association of Unregistered Dentists, he but was also constantly an inspiring guide in her widely recognised book on the Jewish Citizens W t"^''^^^'""y worked in the interesi of those husband's widespread activities. Shortly after List of the Municipality of Beriin (1809-1851). I, 'Sh dentists from Germany who were not the war she published Max Dienemann's bio­ °**d to carry on their profession in this graphy in which she described vividly the life German Donation to U.S. Branch ountrv. In the end these efforts were successful of a man who can be regarded as one of the most outstanding liberals among German Jewry, The American section of the Leo Baeck Instituie "a certain extent, but Straus himself did not A rich correspondence with many prominent in New York has received a donation of $20,000 sume work in his profession. He was also a people bears witness lo her widespread interests from the German publisher. Axel Springer, to Lih ."' °^ ^^^ Leo Baeck Lodge and of the New and activities, and special mention may be made help the Institute in continuing its research on iDeral Jewish Congregation, of her close contact with the late Bemard the history of German-sipeaking Jewry, toni"^'"^ the last vears of his life Alfred Straus Berenson, the art historian. In the last ten years thp ^d ^'^tive part in the preparatory work for or so much of her time was given to travelling, RICHMOND MAYOR AT OTTO HIRSCH d, .publication of a history of the Frankfurt Jews watching the building up of Israel and last, but uring the last hundred vears. planned by the not least, to sharing the happiness of her steadily HOUSE AK i* Municipahty, growing families in London and Chicago, One On February 24 a visit was paid to Otto Hirsch intP ^^ Straus was an educated man whose of the most satisfying moments in the last stage House by the Mayor of Richmond, Councillor ^ '. "ts were widespread, an excellent speaker. of her life must have been to see the happiness of Mrs. Katherine Wilmot, the Mayoress, Mrs. sr»'. L^' ^ 'oyal and helpful friend. He was her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Barbara Charles, the Deputy Mayor, Alderman Jj'dnted a carefree life. For more than 40 years K. I. Morell. and the Deputy Mayoress, Mrs. S. Dr *.f^ married to a wonderful woman who was Steward, The guests were welcomed by the fort" °^ •'''" •' after her death he had the good Jing a partner THE HYPHEN Chairman of the House Committee, Dr, W. Dux. dpWhriun*o ie^ o°'f s findingsecond awife partne, looker fod r aftehisr lashimt yearwilhs In her reply, the Mayor expressed her apprecia­ him °*^°t'on up to the end, His children gave The Hyphen is a group of young people from tion of the wonderful atmosphere in the Home. visit ".".'•^served jov: a son who recently came to 25 years upwards. Details about the current pro­ The occasion was a concert by the well-known wh^ • ^'•0'" R'o de Janeiro and a daughter gramme may be obtained from the Hon. Secretary. pianist Liza Fuchsova, whose recital was a ' ' *'th her husband, lives in London. It was Miss Evelvne Longini. 57 Ashford Court. Ashford greatly enjoyed by the residents and the guests liveri ?^ of particular pleasure lo him that he Road. London. N,W,2 ('phone GLA. 0806, owing to the artist's outstanding level and the to see his great-grandchildren who only evenings). particularly happy selection of her programme.

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