Volume XXX No. 10 October, 1975 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim OF XVaSM RERKEES HI GOAT BRITAHI

I" C. Aronsfeld Jewish scholars. As far back as 1952, Gerald Reitlinger arrived, in his very conservative calculation, at a maximum of 4,581,000 and a minimum of 4,194,000, and Raul Hilberg, in NEW PERSPECTIVES OF THE PAST 1961, put the total at 5,100,000, so that accord­ ing to the best available knowledge, the figure, inevitably no more than an estimate, is prob­ "Morally Relativistic Views" ably somewhat between 5 and 6 million. But the I remember 10 or 12 years ago talking and the sentence of death against the Germans" "revisionists" altogether deny that millions JVfiting on a subject which I entitled "Did ... A striking illustration of this spirit was were murdered, and even if—what?—a few Jutler ever live?" It was much like the question provided by the biggest of the weekly neo- hundred thousands perhaps had perished, in \hat used to be asked "Did Shakespeare ever Nazi papers, Deutsche National Zeitung, which the admittedly unhealthy camp conditions 'ive?", suggesting that the plays were written has a circulation of 120,000. Its steady cam­ "created by Allied bombing", what about fot by Shakespeare but by a different man of paign of whitewashing the Nazi regime was "Dresden" and the millions of Germans who the same name. The man's image that emerged clinched by a front page banner headline "The were expelled from their homes after the war? jrom the plays seemed strangely at odds with Wrong done to Hitler: 30 Years of Lies are Such is the propaganda of the Deutsche jhat presented in many biographies. The same, enough". National Zeitung and its friends. If it deserves i thought, applied to Hitler. We know the man But the new perspectives are not confined to be called "morally relativistic", it is every JJfid his handiwork—who better?—but under to Germany. In Britain the SOth anniversary of bit the Big Lie of Mein Kampf. 'ne theories of document-ridden historians thf V-Day passed unhonoured and unsung. The The campaign against the six million has "nage began to take on very different features. Sunday Telegraph tersely noted: "The British already spuled over the borders of Germany. The first time this happened was when Mr. almost ignored the event", a reaction described Some splash was caused by a widely distributed ^-.J. P. Taylor published his book on "The lis "quiet and realistic", for "though some brochure which appeared in this country— "ngins of the Second World War" in which things are impossible to forget, the time for "Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth at te held forth that "in principle and doctrine actively stirring up dreadful memories has last", by "Richard E. Harwood", a self-con­ long since passed". fessed pseudonym, purporting to be "with the jutler was no more wicked and unscrupulous University of London" (where nothing is than many other contemporary statesmen", A simUar line was taken by the French. known of him) and associated with the ^hat Mein Kampf was just a set of "day Their President observed an august sUence. National Front. He claimed that "no gas Jjreams", that the Munich "conference" was In "banishing the memory of a great victory chambers existed in the camps in Germany"— ,.a triumph of all that was best and most en- which for others was a crushing defea/t" (a implying that none existed in any German- "ghtened in British life", etc., etc. French commentator remarked), he had acted controlled territory. He asserted that Nazi These opinions were largely dismissed as so as a "good European" seeking to "avoid the policy was ;concemed not with the extermina­ iiany freaks designed to entertain rather than obstacles on the road towards a European tion but the emigration of Jewry—as if their enlighten, but what was a freak ten years back union". slogan had been "Emigrate Judah". not J^no longer so today. New perspectives are "Perish Judah"—and he seriously explained "Pening as the past increasingly appears in- Fate of Nuremberg Trial FOm (later) that "ausrotten. applied to the Jews, J^redible—a tale told by an idiot—and yet refers to expulsion from German life and y.i'^ently in need of rational interpretation, Here again the trend was illuminated by an culture". 'hirty years after the fall of Hitler is perhaps interesting affair which blew up over a new * suitable occasion to consider the process. Most of his allegations had been taken over, film on the Nuremberg trials. The film was often even verbatim, from an anonymous Inevitably it must have a particular signifi- produced by a French director. Marcel Ophuls, American pamphlet entitled "The Myth of the ??nce among the chief droTTiafis personoe. the who had the idea of a critical approach; he Six Million". While discreetly omitting to ac­ J^ermans. The ofiicial view there is of course was troubled by the subject, as perhaps, in knowledge his source of inspiration. "Har­ hiore or less beyond reproach. On the anniver- varying ways, many are. He came to the con­ wood" was candid enough to state that his ^ry of the surrender. President Scheel clusion that it was impossible to pass judgment "research" was done for a puri)ose—to expose peiivered a speech in which he not only on the Nazis in the dock but that at the same the "mythology of the concentration camps" ^'[anded the crimes but also confessed the time it was necessary to do so. The film, there­ as "a form of political blackmail" designed to ^{'ame that Liberation had to come from out- fore, on balance upheld the trials. "arouse sympathy for the Jewish national fde. The German tragedy, he said, began in The idea found, however, no favour in the homeland" and to extort "staggering" amounts f933 not in 1945, for "in 1933 Germany lost eyes of the BBC and British producers. They of compensation from the West German f*^ honour", and he emphasised the crucial wanted a different slant—more outspoken Government; this he hoped to stop. yhportance of good relations not only witti ttie criticism. Nazi war crimes, yes, but what al)out Jewish State but equally with the Jewish Allied war crimes, what atiout the Nuremberg People. judges' "hypocrisy and self-righteousness"? "Did Six Mniion Die?" And what about the US atrocities in Vietnam— was not My Lai much like Auschwitz? Ophuls It would not of course be difficult to debunk German Reactions to Nazi Crimes took a determined stand: he would have no the lies infesting this crude screed, but some ^. On the other hand, he could not help men­ truck with what he called a "morally relati­ of them must be expected to stick, even tioning those, obviously no negligible number, vistic view" which—precisely like A. J. P. among men of integrity and good will who J^ho were tired of feeling sorry—"tired (as Taylor's—levelled everything down to much simply cannot fathom the horror, and they are ^hey put it) of running around in sackcloth the same level of muchness. The argument is to be found in highly respected amd competent «hd ashes because of crimes in which they had still in progress. quarters. A distinguished historian. Professor ^o share". It so happened that about the same The game is being played particularly over Geoffrey Barraclough, recently wrote: "Hitler's "me a Gallup Poll revealed that 70 per cent the most important aspect of Nazi policy—^the antisemitism in the 1920s was entirely con­ r* all West Germans do not want to hear any extermination of the Jews. More thaJn any ventional—that is to say, what he preached Jhore of the Nazi past. They want at last to other crime does this one vindicate the Nietz­ was not the extermination of the Jews but JJVe a "normal Me", unburdened by the schean aphorism: "The memory says, I have their expulsion from Germany. ... I cannot •pemories, and what is more, they feel that by done it; the conscience replies, I cannot have find any convincing evidence of the view that ^son of their achievements in politics and done it. And gradually the memory gives way". Hitler was already planning the destruction of gnomics, they are entitled to make their pre- Against this psychological background, those European Jewry in 1925, when he wrote Mein !>ence felt again in world affairs. who seek to whitewash Nazism hope to advance Kampf'. These may, on the whole, be regarded as by querying the number of the murdered Jews. It does seem strange that the Chichele Pro­ Reputable reactions, understandable at a pinch, The idea plainly is that if belief in the 6 mil­ fessor of Modern History at the University of ^here are others—among those who have lion figure can be sufficiently shattered, then Oxford should have been unable to find any Slither forgotten nor leamt. Guilt feelings?, perhaps other features of Nazi policy also will such evidence. He is unfortunately handi­ .hey say, the German people had been "talked appear in a different light. The "six milliom" capped by the notion that Hitler's antisemitism 'hto them". Poor Hitler had been the victim are regarded as something like the soft under­ was "entirely conventional". It was not, and it °i a "fiendish plan" hatched by the "war­ belly in the new Nazis' campaign. seems pertinent to recall that in his very mongers" Churchill and Roosevelt, and "the Actually the figure, first stated on Eich­ first statement, in 1919, Hitler rejected "con- Nuremberg Laws merely served to reinforce mann's authority, has never been confirmed by Conttnued on page 2, cohiinn 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION October, 1975

NEW PERPECTIVES OF THE PAST Continued from Page 1 NEWS FROM GERMANY ventional" antisemitism as "purely emotional" BOMB OUTRAGE IN BERLIN ANTISEMITISM IN COURT ROOM and "ultimately expressing itself in pogroms". That was not what he had in mind. His anti­ A letter-bomb was sent to Mr. Heinz Hesse Cabinet Ministers condemned an semitism was to be "rational"—Antisemitismus Galinski, chairman of the West Berlin Jewish antisemitic uproar at Bensheim court when der Vernunft—"determined to attack the evil Communty. The bomb arrived in a small parcel Mr. Simon Wiesenthal, head of the Vienna at its roots and to eradicate it root and which had the address of an acquaintance on Jewish Documentation centre, sued 46-year- branch". So was the Final Solution proclaimed the back flap. A secretary became suspicious old lawyer Manfred Roeder for slander. Boeder in 1919 and so was it (very nearly) accom­ when about to open the parcel and called the is the chairman of the extreme Right-wing plished in 1945. It seems a pity that such police. It exploded in the police van without Deutsche Buergeririitiative. In court, he called elementary facts should require restating even doing any damage. An anarchist group linked Wiesenthal a notorious liar and German-hater now. with the extreme Left-wing Baader-Meinhof who acted in accordance with a Talmud teach­ Particularly disagreeable was the misread­ gang claimed responsibility for sending it. In ing that any lie was justified if used against ing of history by another British scholar, Mr a letter to the West German news agency the a non-Jew. He then read for 30 minutes from Robert Skidelsky, who recently published a "Red Army Group" stated that it sent the an antisemitic pamphlet published and subse­ biography of Sir Oswald Mosley—the fruit of parcel because Mr. Galinski was "an agent quently banned in Austria which claims that seven years' labour. Skidelsky, a relatively of the Zionist regime which throws tons of international Jewry delclared war on the young man lacking first-hand knowledge of the bombs on Palestinian camps each day." The German Reich in 1933 and that this war is record, bent over backwards to be "objective", letter then expressed solidarity "with the still being waged. Followers of Roeder sur­ with the result that he found the British fascist people of Palestine". rounded the court building which had been movement had been made antisemitic because A few days later two Molotov cocktails were daubed with swastikas and shouted "The ItziS^, Jewish Communists attacked them. "The Jews thrown into the Olfices of the Central Federal have retumed", "Too few Jews were gassed themselves", he declared, "must take a large Bureau for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes and "Juda verrecke". Neither Wiesenthal nor share of the blame for what subsequently in Ludwigsburg. They failed, however, to a representative of the Arolsen International happened". Search Service were called as witnesses. The explode. case was adjourned because one witness called So it was the Jews' fault after all. Skidel­ by Roeder, Hermann Munk from Austria, du" sky's scholarship has been the latest sacrifice WINIFRED WAGNER BANNED not appear and is unlikely to do so because to Sir Oswald's charisma, and the one time FROM BAYREUTH there is an Interpol search warrant out for fascist leader can now claim, unrefuted, that him. He is at present in Argentina. If he does he "attacked some Jews not for what they are Mrs. Winifred Wagner, the 78-year-old not appear in court within six months, the but for what they did"—whQe the fact is that British-born daughter-in-law of Richard case will come under the Statute of Limitation- he attacked not some but all Jews and not for Wagner, was banned from this year's Bayreuth Mr. Wiesenthal has protested to the President what they did but for what he untruthfully Festival by her grandson Wolfgang. She was of the Darmstadt District Court against the alleged they did. a close friend of Hitler's for 22 years and she way in which the judge Dr. Keller conducteo However, sad though the tale is, it is not said in a recent documentary film: "If Hitler the trial. The chairman of the Central Council without the relief of the satyrs' intrusion. walked through this door today, I would be of Jews in Germany, Mr. Werner Nachmann. Skidelsky is pleased to acknowledge assistance just as glad and happy to see and have him has informed the Hesse Minister of Justice oi from the Trustees of the Thank-offering to here as ever". During the inter-war years the disquiet among the Jewish population at Britain fund who, by way of a research fellow­ when she and her late husband Siegfried the fact that Roeder and his followers naa ship at the British Academv. enabled him to Wagner managed Bayreuth, Hitler was indeed revived the Nazi past and publicly encourageo do the work. Perhaps only Heine could make a regular visitor. the murder of Jews. the appropriate comment—so vritzig konnen After the war, her grandsons Wolfgang and die Gotter sein. Alas, literally. Pt our expense. Wieland Wagner worked hard to create a new (The correspondence t>etween the AJR and the British image for the Festival and to free it from its Academy about the publics'tion of the Mosley biography GERMAN MINISTER MEETS PLO LEADER with the help of the "Thank-You Britain" Fund was Nazi associations. After Wieland's death in published in our August issue. A review of Dr. Skldelsky's 1966, Wolfgang continued to run it in this The Israeli Govemment protested to the book appears in this issue on page 5.—The Ed.) spirit and introduced a great many scenic and Federal Gennan Government against the meet' stylistic innovations. ing between the German Minister of State Mr. Moersch and the head of the Beirut PLO Bureau, Schaufik al-Hut in the residence o^ GERMAN "LASTENAUSGLEICHS" THE DILEMMA OF OBERAMMERGAU the German Ambassador in Beirut. Mr- PAYMENTS Moersch summed up his impression of *he For years international Jewish and Roman meeting by stating that it had been agreeo No Tax OB "Interest" Catholic organisations and individuals have that there was no divergence of opinion on complained of the open antisemitism displayed many questions. He is convinced that the UN'-' Compensation payments under the German in the famous Oberammergau Passion Play can only function if all opposing parties are '' Lastenausgleichsgesetz'' (LAG—Equalisation which is performed every ten years by the members. The Federal Republic could only of Burdens Law) are made with the addition of population of the Bavarian village. 1970. the last year of the "spiritual festival in three work for a peaceful solution of the Middlp "interest" ("Zinszuschlag") of l%per quarter, parts", it had netted a cool 18 million marks East conflict by maintaining a balanced a"*' or 4% per annum, normally as from January (about £1-8 million) and attracted some tude to both parties to the conflict. 1, 1953, the due date for payment of the com­ 500,000 visitors. At that time the village pensation. In most cases, settlement is, how- Council resisted all attempts for a change, BEN-GURION HONOURED IN over, only made many years later. "Interest" stating that 99 per cent of people questioned FRANKFURT is, therefore, added in order—as stated by the were against it. Now, however, a more pliant Federal Mimster of the Interior—"to provide Council has yielded to representations bv The Frankfurt City Council decided unani­ the aggrieved parties with something to make leading theologians and agreed on a diflerent mously to name a new ring-road between text which had already been performed be­ Frankfurt and Bad Homburg Ben-Gurion Rins- up for the neccessarily protracted waiting time". tween 1750 and 1850, as the basis for the next By a specifiic German law, all payments made presentation in 1980. Written by a Benedictine under the LAG are exempt from German in­ priest this version attributes responsibility for the crucifixion to the devil—hitherto it had come tax. GERMAN SOCIAL INSURANCE The U.K. Inland Revenue has, so far, taken been to Judas and to the Jews in general. Half a million DM will be made available for An article is published on page 9 the view that the "interest" is taxable income, the revised play. the whole of it chargeable for the tax year in which the Award (Bescheid) is made. In most cases, the "interest" has accrued over 20 and more years, thus reaching from 80% to over 90% of the principal compensation. This treat­ ment would result in a formidable tax burden for the U.K. recipients of LAG payments. Greyhound Guaranty Limited We are, therefore, pleased to inform in­ Bankers terested readers that, after a lengthy corres­ pondence the Inland Revenue have now changed their attitude and agreed that the "in­ 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR, terest" element in any awards under the LAG should not be subjected to U.K. tax. (There LONDON, WIX 3 LB was never any question of the taxability of the capital pajmients.) In cases where tax has Telephone: 01-629 1208 already been paid on the "interest", repayment should be requested. Telex: 22465 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l F.E.F. AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 Page 3 HOME NEWS lAOiaA fi ANGLO-JUDAICA The Mayor's empty car THE ARAB BOYCOTT THE TUC AND ISRAEL The Hackney mayoral car was repeatedly British Leyland Motor Corporation is said During the recent Trades Union Congress, seen arriving empty at ofiicial engagements, to have been promised that its name will be the Labour Friends of Israel and their national with only the gold chain of office on the removed from the blacklist of the Arab Boy­ chairman, Mr. Joe Gormley, the mineworkers' back seat. The Mayor, Councillor Arthur cott Ofiice. It will nevertheless honour its president, gave a luncheon which was attended Super, has now explained that as an Orthodox contract with Israel for the supplies of by a number of prominent trade-union leaders. Jew he walks to Saturday engagements, but vehicles until 1976 and of spare parts there­ Mr. Eric Heffer. one of the few Left-wing sends the chain of office by car in case he after. It is rumoured that Leyland's pro- MPs who have been consistently pro-Israel was should be mugged. He estimates that he will P^eted efforts to open a Land Rover factory the guest of honour. have walked 150 miles by the time his year m Cairo have at last succeeded. Mr. Len Murray, the general secretary of the in office ends. He is now asking people to Mr. Victor Gillibrand, a commercial direc- TU Congress recently visited Israel as the sponsor his walks to raise £1,500 for charity. wr of the General Electric Company has ad- guest of the Histadrut (Labour Federation). More cliaplains for students pitted to the Jewish Chronicle that the firm has "satisfactorily" completed and retumed MEMORIAL FLOOR AT HILLEL HOUSE At the meeting of the national chaplaincy tiuestionnaires from the Arab Boycott oflQce Dedication Ceremony board it was decided to appoint five additional ever a number of years. GEC whose managing chaplains for students in the London, York­ director is Sir Amold Weinstock, has a sub­ On September 10, the Hillel House Memorial shire, South-West and South Coast areas stantial export trade with the Arab world, Floor in commemoration of the Holocaust was taking in the university towns of Birmingham, hut only a small one with Israel. officially dedicated. Its main memento is an Bristol, Bradford, Cardiff, Hull, Leeds and Barclays Bank which has been operating in impressive panel by Abram Games, listing in Sheffield. The £20,000 scheme is to be financed *hat is now Israel for more than half a artistically designed characters the concentra­ from equal contributions by the communities eentury (as well as in many Arab countries) tion camps, in which six miUion of our people involved and the board. JS also being threatened with blacklisting. perished. There are some 50 Barclays branches in Israel, The erection of a Memorial was originally Jewish schools in the UJ(. °wned since 1970 by an Israeli banking cor­ meant to be a joint effort of all Jewish organi­ Dr. Jacob Braude reports in a survey for poration in which the British company has a sations and their members, and a special com­ the Institute of Jewish .Affairs that there are 50 per cent holding. mittee to raise the necessary funds had been 12,700 children in Jewish day schools and formed several years ago. However, ultimately, , Lonrho is another company threatened with nurseries, including 488 non-Jewish children. almost the only acting organisation was the The secondary grammar schools showed an being put on the black list because of its AJR which raised altogether about £4,500 Agreement together with a Volkswagen sub­ increase of 15 per cent in the number of among its members. In his opening address. pupils, due to the establishment of two new sidiary, to supply Israel with a joint licence to Mr. Fred S. Worms, who was in the chair, Produce Wankel engines. schools and to the greater readiness of parents paid special tribute to the co-operation of the to send children to Jewish secondary schools. DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT AJR. The two main speakers at the function were the Rev. Leslie Hardman who, as a chap­ Home for Jewish deaf children The South Metropolitan conciliation com- lain of the British Forces, was one of the first The Norwood Homes for Jewish Children fhittee of the Race Relations Board has found to enter the Camp after its liberation, and will be responsible for the new residential Jhat the American-owned Gulf Oil Company Mr. Graham Ballin of the Union of Jewish centre for Jewish deaf children in South fiddle East had practised unlawful discrimina­ Students, who stressed the increasing need of Woodford, next door to the intemationally tion by wiUidrawing its offer of a secretarial combating anti-Israel and anti-Jewish trends famous Woodford School for Deaf Children post to Mrs Linda Friedberger, a non-Jewish at British universities. The El mol6 rachamim which has over 20 Jewish pupils. The old j-'Ondon woman who married a Jew. She had was recited by the Rev. Joseph Dollinger. and centre at Tottenham had to be closed because ^een told on Febraary 11 that she was accepted the ceremony was enhanced by beautiful there were not enough places for residents 'or the post of private secretary to a vice- performances of the singer Martin Lawrence at local schools. President of the company on his arrival in and of the Hillel Choir under Mr. Jack Halter. Britain. Three days later she married a Jew. Hebrew University Friends' New Director ^n February 24 she was told that for this FREEDOM OF THE CITY FOR Danzig-bom Mrs. Rachel Hubner, who was Reason the offer of a job had been withdrawn. LORD AND LADY JANNER educated partly in England before she went to *he Gulf Oil Company denies that its policy is Palestine in 1938, has been appointed new 5°t to employ Jews in order not to offend At the London Guildhall, Lord and Lady director of the Friends of the Hebrew Univer­ Arabs. The finding of the committee is the Janner were each admitted to the Freedom sity (London). She succeeds Mr. Leslie Finer "r.st test case conceming allegations of dis- of the City of London. A luncheon in their who has resigned in order to resume his 9Jimination in employment resulting from honour was later given at the City Livery career as a full-time journalist. Mrs. Hubner 'he Arab boyicott. Club when it was stressed that it is very rare has been closely connected with a variety of for a married couple to be granted that public and cultural activities in Israel. *USS DELIVERY OF NAZI LITERATURE honour. The City Chamberlain made a speech in which he gave details of the Janners' pub­ New Reader for Golders Green Synagogue , In several parts of London, thousands of lic life and in particularly of Lady Janner's Rabbi Dr Eugene Newman, minister of the households have received cards with a swastika activities as trustee of one of the City's Golders Green Synagogue introduced the Rev. heclaring "We are back!". They are distributed educational trusts for some 25 years. Chaim Abramovitz to his new office as chazan. ^y the National Socialist Irish Workers Party ^hich operates through a post-office box in Closure of synagogues? J^'hblin. An accompanying card lists "dates to With acknowledgement to the news service Treasurers of the United Synagogue have ..eniember", including January 30, 1933 when of the Jewish Chronicle. worked out plans of rationalisation which might .Jhe movement achieves power in Germany as result in the closure of a number of consitituent [he Leader becomes Chancellor. The work of synagogues. They hold the view that where two ohilding a New Order for Aryan man begins." out of Qiree synagogues could be closed leaving yther dates commemorate the so-called martyr­ Your House for:— the third spiritually and financially viable, this dom of notorious Nazis in Germany, the U.S. should be done, provided provision was made ?hd Ireland, and one refers to "the full story of for small services in the affected areas. One 'he Jewish-Marxist seizure of Germany". CURTAINS, CARPETS, area mentioned is that served by Willesden. Cricklewood, and Dollis Hill Synagogues where ALIEN LOYALTIES OF MPS? FLOOR COVERINGS there is a total male membership of some • The nationalist journal "Spearhead" referred 1,500 with combined attendances on the Sab­ fh an article to Libya's request to buy arms SPECIALITY bath of about 400. These synagogues have 12 i^om Britain under the headline "Pleasing full-time officials. A similar area embracing f?e Israeli Lobby", and said the British the New West End Synagogue, the Central j^vernment "is loath to pick up this CONTINENTAL DOWN Synagogue and the Marble Arch Synagogue 'hcrative export business . . ." because of QUILTS have much the same figures with 8 full-time ^n extremely powerful lobby in Parliament, and several part-time officials. S^ticularly on the Labour side. This lobby is ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS ^d set against any supply of arms to coun- WiUesden Ajex memorial service S?es which might use them against Israel . . . ESTIMATES FREE October 12 jAere is something truly appalling in the The fifth annual interdenominational Mem­ ?-dity of powerful and well-organised lobbies orial Service organised by the Willesden ^ith alien loyalties to dictate the policies of DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Branch of the Association of Jewish Ex- t '"'tish Govemments in a manner detrimental (Established 1946) Ser^acemen and Women in conjunction with JP British interests". Editor of "Spearhead" is 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK the Reserve Forces Association wUl be held on vj,ohn Tyndall. a former member of the National Telephone: 904 6671 Sunday, October 12, at 2.30, at the Prisoners' t^ont directorate. Assistant editor is Martin Memorial, Gladstone Park. "The service is pub­ Jfebster, national organiser of the National Personal attention of Mr. W. Shackman. lic, and all readers and their friends are 'font. invited. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 NEWS FROM ABROAD JEWRY IN THE EAST YEHUDI MENUHIN APPEALS FOR UNITED STATES HOLLAND JEWISH MUSICIANS Saudi Arabia Orders Uniforms Royal Visit to Synagogue In a letter to the Russian Ambassador, Yehudi Menuhin took up the case ot two Saudi Arabia has concluded a multi-million- Crown Princess Beatrix of Holland and Rabbi Russian violinists, the twin brothers Arkady dollar contract to have uniforms for its army Ovadia Yossef, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of and Leonid from Kharkov. In his letter he manufactured in the United States. The Ameri­ Israel were guests of honour at the 300th said : "There is a bond between people who can Jewish Congress wants Washington to anniversary service in the Portuguese Syna­ pursue the same profession and I have always guarantee that Jewish manufacturers will not gogue in Amsterdam. A Sephardi choir from felt compelled to be of assistance to those be excluded from the deal. Rabbi Hertzberg, London participated in the service. At the violinists less fortunate than myself. . . . (One president of the AJC, has written to the Secre­ same time a Sephardi world congress took of the brothers) is at present in a camp m tary of Defence, Mr. James R. Schlesinger, place presided over by the Haham Rabbi Dr. the far North of the Soviet Republic, the other asking him to "require in advance firm and Solomon Gaon and the president of the World presumably in a different prison. I am not clear assurances" that there will be no discri Sephardi Federation, Mr. Nissim Gaon of acquainted with the charges against them, but mination against Jews or firms which employ Geneva. I know that at this moment their situation is Jews. He pointed out that Saudi Arabia is The Synagogue which is a protected monu­ heart-breaking and desperate. Surely nothing one of the more enthusiastic supporters of the ment, was designed by Amsterdam's city archi­ can justify so harsh a penalty. I understand Arab boycott of Israel and of Jewish firms. tect. Five rows of copper chandeliers contain­ that even their fonner prison on the outskirts ing 960 candles light the synagogue which to of Kharkov would be preferable. I shall await this day has no heating system. The Ark is your reply with hope and interest." Jewish Congregation Bankrupt made of jacaranda wood. At the time of the consecration of the synagogue there were 559 A large Jewish community in a suburb of Sephardi households in Amsterdam, all descen­ Detroit has announced that it will have to go dants of Marranos who had fled from the WEEKLY SEMINARS OF SCIENTISTS bankrupt, as it is unable to pay debts amount­ Spanish Inquisition at the end of the fifteenth ing to 4 million dollars. The congregation has century and returned to Judaism in Holland. IN DANGER a membership of 850 families. The leader of At the time of the Nazi occupation, the com­ The Moscow prosecutor recently questioned the Bar in Detroit has stated that this is the munity numbered 5,000 living mainly in for six hours Mark Azbel, a physicist who had first time in history that this has happened. Amsterdam and The Hague. Today there are lost his job after applying to emigrate. Since fewer than 500 Sephardim left in the whole then there had been weekly seminars held Jewish Music Festival in New York country, and The Hague community only exists in his fiat by scientists in a similar position- in name. In May the KGB had threatened Professor An audience of several thousand people Azbel with prosecution unless the seminars attended the Jewish Festival in Central Park, FRANCE were stopped. New York. The Festival is an annual free event, jointly organised by the Jewish Actors' Success of Jewish Fighter-Plane Union, the Jewish Working Men's Association During the recent Air Show in Le Bourget, IVAN MAISKY DIED and the Musicians' Union. the Israeli fighter-plane Kfir (Young Lion) had some spectacular success. Five hundred Mr. Ivan Maisky, who was Soviet Ambassador New York's Israeli Taxi-Drivers million dollars-worth of planes were ordered— to Britain from 1932 to 1943, died in Moscow as much as the Israelis will be able to supply, at the age of 91. He was born in Omsk, the It is estimated that about 700 of the taxi- as during the immediate future most planes son of Mikhail Lyakhovetsky. a Jewish doctor drivers in New York are Israelis who came will be needed at home. in the Russian army, and a non-Jewish mother. to the United States during the past few years In 1949, he was arrested, according to his wiie in order to eam more money than they could Legion d'Honneur for Chief Rabbi as one of the victims of Stalin's anti-Jewisn have got at home. Most of them want to return The Chief Rabbi of France, Jacob Kaplan, purges. He was released after Stalin's death- to Israel at a later date. was made a Grand Officer of the Legion Maisky was always in sympathy with the aims d'Honneur by the French Council of Ministers. of Zionism, the Jewish Chronicle writes, ana his last known Israel-related action was ii* ISRAEL SCHOOL IN BRAZIL This is the first time that this highest of French honours has been conferred on a Chief June, 1967, when he was one of the public A Zionist leader in Brazil will provide the Rabbi. Rabbi Kaplan is a great Jewish scholar Soviet figures who refused to sign a statement money to build a new municipal school named who has never concealed his condemnation of condemning Israel for the Six-Day War. the State of Israel School at Teresopolis near the official French stand in Middle East Rio de Janeiro. The Israeli Consul-General. Mr politics. Ephraim Dowek attended the laying of the CZECHOSLOVAKIA cornerstone of the school which wUl have more One of the Just Men Honoured than 300 non-Jewish pupils. The Israeli Government has conferred the Revelation about Charles Jordan's deatb Medal of the Just on Heinrich Frauli, MUnster The Frolic Defection is the title of a book SOUTH AFRICA (Upper Alsatia). During the last war, Frauli was in charge of French refugees from Alsace- recently published by Leo Cooper in .whic" Ark Given to Museum Lorraine and risked his own life in helping Josef Frolic, a major in the Czech Intelligence a number of Jews to escape to Switzerland. Service, prciduces some startling information- The St. John Street Synagogue in Oudt­ He claims to reveal how Mr. Charles Jordan- shoom near Cape Town is to be demolished be­ CANADA director-general of the American Joint Distri' cause the community has shrunk to about 40. bution Committee, was murdered in Pi"^§"5» Its Ark has been presented to the Cape Town A Rabbi Backs Arafat According to him, the murderers belonged i^ Mel Museum. It is an exact replica, the only Rabbi Reuben Slonim who is also a free­ a gang of Arab terrorists which had followed one in existence, of the Ark in the synagogue lance journalist, supported the admission of him to Prague. There were Czech eye-witnesse^ in Keim, Lithuania, destroyed by the Nazis in PLO representatives to the UN-sponsored con­ to the murder, but they told the Egypti^" 1941, when all the Jews in the town were gress on crime prevention which was to have Ambassador to whose embassy Jordan W^^ killed. been held in Toronto. After strong protests taken that they would neither ask for tne by Jewish and non-Jewish organisations against murderers nor inform the Americans of ^ns* IDI AMIN AND ISRAEL had really happened. The murder has in fa*^ the presence of the PLO, the Canadian Govern­ remained unexplained to this day. President Amin of Uganda wanted military ment suggested to postpone the Congress, but supplies from Israel in 1971 in order to invade the UN decided to move it to Geneva. Rabbi Tanzania and open a route from Uganda to Slonim is the minister of a small Habonim the coast, but Israel refused, and this led to synagogue in Toronto which was established Shrinking community the expulsion of the Israeli experts from by Jewish Refugees from Germany. In his Uganda in 1972. This was revealed by Mr. Abba article in the Toronto Star, he said that "for The Prague correspondent of the New YorK Eban who was Israeli foreign minister at the thousands of Palestinians on the West Bank Times, Mr. Malcolm W. Browne, believes tna time. He added that he "had the impression the PLO represents a hope for peaceful co­ in about 20 years' time Judaism in Czecnw that Amin was not mature from a mental existence with Israel." Slovakia will be no more than a memory- viewpoint." Before the Second World War, there were a» Since then the president's hatred for Israel estimated 360,000 Jews in the country, now has grown. In an interview published in the BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE there are only about 5,000 who are still V^ Lebanese paper Al Moharrer he promised 51 Beltizo Square, London, N.W.S fessing Jews. There are only two functioniw actively to support the Palestinians in their synagogues left, along with a kosher restaur^ fight against Israel- He added that Uganda was SYNAGOGUE SERVICES catering largely for ageing pensioners. ^'L going to provide settlements for the families are held regularly on the Eve of Sabbath last Rabbi, Dr. Richard Feder, died five year= of the "Palestinian martyrs" and that both and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on the day ago, at the age of 90, and there is no replacf in Iraq and in Uganda, death commandos were ment in sight. Two cantors look after tn being trained for fighting Israel "side by side at 11 am. spiritual needs of the community. The remaw vvith the Palestinian people". ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED ing Jews are too old to want to emigrate. AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 Page 5

Lionel Kochan Hans I. Bach

ANTISEMITISM OF THE 1880s R SKIDELSKY'S MOSLEY BIOGRAPHY A Compilation of Literature This book* has on its title-page a motto of the B.U.F. must win it support among those In his PhD thesis,* the author presents a from Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward: "It is a who were already "disposed to dislike foreign compilation of antisemitic literature in Ger­ universal law; everyone who acts breeds both immigrants, of whom the Jewish community many and Austria up to the First World good and evil. With some it's more good, with at that time formed the largest number . . .". War, attempting to place it in an historical others more evil." It is fair to take this as The B.U.F. itself explained that only those setting. As, however, he also includes, some­ an expression of Dr. Robert Skidelsky's deter­ Jews who were associated with Communism what indiscriminately, the dregs of trivial mination to assess as scrupulously as possible and intemational finance had anything to fear. literature which may well stir up primitive hoth the good and the evil for which Mosley If words mean anything this shows that the instincts, there could indeed be doubts was responsible. Given the odium that sur­ B.U.F. was from its inception committed to whether such a presentation might not even rounds Mosley and his British Union of a policy of outright antisemitism, for the spread some of the antisemitic charges in­ Fascists (B.U.F.) an attempt to discern any­ category of those associated with Communism stead of refuting them as is his intention. thing good or positive in Mosley's actions must or intemational finance could include anyone To give an idea of the contents, there are seem dangerously close to a work of apolo- —as Hitler showed. chapters on: The Jews as murderers of setics and rehabilitation. There is no doubt Christ; attacks against the Jewish religion, in that this source of resistance must be over­ "Jews to be blamed" particular the Talmud; 'ritual murder' allega­ come by the reader, especially the Jewish tions and law suits; discussion about reader, if justice is to be done to Skidelsky's But now Skidelsky suddenly turns around. shechita; alleged Jewish hatred of Christ and Work. It appears, after all, that it was not the B.U.F. Christians; antisemitism and 'dechristianisa- who were responsible for the development of tion'; 'Kulturkampf'; Jews and Freemasons; In this light then, Skidelslcy makes out a their own antisemitic policies but that "the antisemitism in writings on music (without Plausible picture, impressively documented Jews themselves must take a large share of mentioning Richard Wagner's pamphlet) and and ably presented, of Mosley as an honour­ the blame for what subsequently happened". in German 'poetry'; its influence on youth; able British patriot, buming with zeal to bring And what happened was, Skidelsky argues, superstitions regarding Jews; antisemitism in the enthusiasm of youth to the creation of the formation of a Jewish-Communist alliance the Law Courts and Parliaments; attitude of a better Britain and a better world—"a land to goad and provoke the B.U.F. into violence the Churches; religious antiscmitism and fit for heroes". Mosley's first programme, and thereby make its suppression a matter of racial thinking. issued in support of his parliamentary candi­ Govemment policy. In a phrase of monumental Closely following a study by Peter Heinz dature in 1918, already enunciated a list of ineptitude, Skidelsky declares that "a Jewish not only in the title, but also in defining reforms that never essentially changed: the malaise at this time was to be obsessed antisemitism as 'social prejudice', 'referring hiaintenance of high wages; State-controlled with fascism. If some Jews found it intoler­ to the relationship of members of a certain transport; electricity and slum clearance; ex­ ably provoking they certainly went out of their in-group to those of one or several out- tended educational opportunity; fiscal protec­ way to be provoked". But what is not more groups', Mr Lehr characterises it as usually tion for British and colonial industries; anti- than a conjecture on p. 381 becomes on p. 515 'rigid', its arguments 'stereotyped', as ^ien legislation with repatriation of aliens "the old Jewish-Communist alliance". Skidel­ •emotionally highly charged', distorting the already in this country; unity of the British sky never denies that the B.U.F. used insult­ perception of the environment and tending to Empire to allow it to play a full part in the ing and abusive language, that among its increase in its bearers the subjective feeling future League of Nations. This, the agenda members were indeed militant antisemites. He of prestige. Adorno is quoted as describing of 1918, is what Mosley remained loyal to is even prepared to admit that it "was not the personality type of antisemites as throughout his life. Of course, from time to perhaps auspicious" to open a meeting in 'authoritarian' in the sense of ego feebleness, time the details changed—e.g. the aliens in Oxford by playing the Horst Wessel Lied. But dogmatic thinking, a conventional attitude, .1918 were German, in the 1930s Jewish and to present quasi-innocent Blackshirts, attracted intolerance, subservience to authority, often hi the 1950s black. What remained constant, to the East End by the justified grievances after frustrations, and the tendency to pro­ Skidelsky points out, was the primary loyalty of those suffering from Jewish landlords and ject guilt feelings outward. to those with their roots in Britain. exploiters is a travesty of the truth. A fair sample of Skidelsky's approach to the analysis Of the 'religious motives' of antisemites which the title promises, only that of Jews as Changing Party Loyalties of social conditions runs as follows: "as Jews prospered they bought up derelict housing 'murderers of Christ', i.e. deicides, is dis­ But as a man of action and eloquence and were thus able to screw up rents even cussed at some length which to intereste

Page 6 AJR INFORMATION October, 1975

Egon Larsen MAX DIENEMANN CENTENARY September 27 was the centenary of the birth of Max Dienemann, one of the protagonists of the liberal tradition in German Judaism. He ENGLAND AND THE GERMAN THEATRE was bom in Krotoschin in 1875 and graduated in Breslau with a thesis on oriental philology. The relationship between Germany and Brit­ the fringe of respectable society and are ex­ In 1901 he was ordained a rabbi. He held office ain in the sphere of the theatre has quite clusively peopled by individuals who do not as a rabbi and religious teacher in Breslau and an extraordinary history, Shakespeare was the belong to respectable society. . . . Wedekind Ratibor until 1919 when he was elected rabbi most powerful influence on the German stage seeks to bring home to his audience the of Offenbach on Main where the Jewish com­ and German dramatists in the neo-classic common motivation of the worlds in which munity had 1,700 members. He remained there period which began at the end of the eigh­ Lulu moved and the relevance of the human teenth century, and he is stUl the most pop­ speculation on the stage to the standards and until his emigration in 1938. ular "Gennan" playright on the Central Euro­ conventions of its own society". But. says Best, Offenbach was only a few miles from pean stage, closely followed by G. B. Shaw there is the possibility that even now Wede­ Frankfurt, a centre of Jewish leaming. He and, at some distance by Oscar Wilde and the kind's message may fall on deaf ears: "Today's soon became involved in teaching and research contemporary English dramatists. In Britain, audiences may conveniently hide behind the at Franz Rosenzweig's Jiidisches Lehrhaus and very few German playwrights have been per­ fiction that Wedekind's true significance is as was first a frequent contributor and later for a formed in the past two hundred years until an interesting eccentric in the history of the time an editor of the periodical Der Morgen Brecht was "discovered" twenty years ago, theatre". StiU, his tragedy of adolescence, founded by Dr. Julius Goldstein (Darmstadt). starting with the Dreigroschenoper (whose Friihlings Erwachen, speaks passionately for international success has been largely due to our young generation as it did for that of the As secretary of the Allgemeine Deutsche Rab­ Kurt Weill's music). Another discovery is 1890s. "We watch parents putting children binerverband. Dr. Dienemann became a per­ Wedekind, whose 85-year-old Fruehlings into the world." says the headless ghost of sonal friend and close collaborator of Leo Erwachen recently made an enormous impact Moritz Stiefel, "so that they can say to them: Baeck. Soon after the Nazis came to power, he on British audiences and critics, who had 'How lucky you are to have parents like us!' was imprisoned for a short time, because a never heard of him before; and last year, his —and we see the children grow up and do Gestapo official had misinterpreted one of his Marquis von Keith was produced by the Royal the same". sermons. In November 1938 he was sent to Shakespeare Company, also most successfully. Wedekind also figures large in the sym­ Buchenwald and was only released from there, Thus the timing of the first monograph on posium The German Theatre (also published when Lily H. Montagu secured his emigration Frank Wedekind in the English language— by Oswald Wolff, London; £6-50). Edited and to this country. He had been on the board of published by Oswald Wolff, London, in their introduced by Ronald Hayman, who writes the German branch of the World Union for series Modern German Authors—is excellent. for The Times and has published books on Progressive Judaism of which she was one The booklet (cloth £2-50, paper £1-50) has modern German playwrights (some of whose of the leaders. In March 1939 he went to Israel been written with great care and understand­ works he has produced) and on the English with his family, but his health had been broken ing by Dr. Alan Best, lecturer in German at theatre, it contains contributions by a dozen and he died in Tel Aviv on April 10,1939. the University of Hull and co-translator of British, German, Austrian, and Swiss critics the Marquis von Keith. Admittedly, even those and scholars who view the German stage of His writings and teachings are remembered of us for whom Wedekind is a household the past two hundred years from various by friends and pupils and by former colleagues name will leam many unknown facts on his angles. It is a most timely volume; although all over the world. He wrote a great number life from Dr. Best's splendid account. dramatic imports from the German-speaking countries have multiplied during the past two of articles and books on aspects of Jewish He begins, for instance, with the extra­ decades, Britain and the other English-speak­ ethics, religion and communal life and he was ordinary scene ("that could weU have come ing countries still show a "remarkable ignor­ also one of the first religious leaders to enter from the writer's own pen") at the funeral of ance"—as the publisher's blurb puts it—in into and maintain a dialogue with Christian Wedekind, who died in March, 1918, at the view of the strong mutual influence of the two Churches. As early as 1914 he published an age of only 54: "His young widow, distraught literatures: "Shakespeare is arguably the most essay Judentum und Christentum in which he and on the verge of exhaustion, was accom­ important playwright in the whole of German stressed that Judaism is intent on individual panied behind the cortege by distinguished drama, while Brecht has had an enormous moral responsibility and for this reason re­ mourners from civic and artistic bodies and, influence on the English and American jects redemption from outside. so it seemed, half the bohemian life of the theatre. But Brecht can be understood only Bavarian capital, ably supported by a large in relation to the tradition which he was both After the war his widow Mally Dienemann contingent of ladies of the town." There was continuing and opposing, and relatively little published a short biography "Max Dienemann "a mad stampede" at the cemetery, with every­ is known here about the playwrights and the 1875-1939" wdth an introduction by Lily M- body trying to get a good vantage point, directors who were his predecessors". Montagu. His private papers and writings are mainly because of "the activities of one Hein­ now at the Leo Baeck Institute in New York- rich Lautensack, a young, precariously neuro­ This symposium fills the gap admirably. tic writer and admirer of Wedekind, who had Much of what is told about Lessing, Kleist, In 1960 Rabbi Dr. Max Griinewald paid engaged a camera crew to film events for Goethe, Schiller, Biichner, Holderlin, Hebbel tribute to Dienemann's memory in the Aufbau posterity". Somehow, says Alan Best, it seems and other masters of the neo-classic and and remarked that Max Dienemann had been fitting that Wedekind, "who had created such romantic period will be new to English one of the German religious leaders who com­ confusion and disorder about him while he readers; pre-Nazi creators of Central Europe's bined constructive criticism with a deep philo­ dramatic style such as Max Reinhardt, Carl sophical involvement in the Jewish religion. lived, should provoke such a grotesque enact­ Stemheim, Toller, Piscator, Schnitzler and ment of his last rites. Even in death he was Hofmannsthal (as well as, of course, Wede­ Dr. Dienemann's two daughters are now denied the dignity that society had so dili­ kind) are evaluated and analysed, and their living in Britain. Paula Schindler is the wife of gently withheld during his lifetime". influence on present-day playwrights is inves­ the lawyer Max Sohindler who was for a time He had indeed a dreadful reputation, that tigated. Perhaps a contribution on the lack URO representative in Hanover, and Gaby of a libertine, an anti-bourgeois exploiter of of humour in German nineteenth-century Jacoby is head of the Department of Domestic sexuality, a threat to public morality. Under theatre should have been added and an Science and Fashion at Luton Technical the Kaiser, many of his thirty-odd plays had accusing finger might have been pointed at College. been banned by the censor, and he had been Schiller—his notion of the stage as a imprisoned because of a cheeky satire on moralische Anstalt has had a paralysing effect Wilhelm U in the Simplicissimus. In fact, on the playwrights. They seemed to have been Wedekind's great time was posthumous—he warned off by Schiller from providing any OSCAR STRAUS ARCHIVE IN VIENNA was appreciated as a leading Gennan play­ light relief in their dramas and tragedies, as The Vienna National Library has recently wright (and, somewhat mistakenly, as a Shakespeare did whom they admired so much: acquired the manuscripts and other papers prominent Expressionist) only in the 1920s "His humour is everywhere, even the grimmest of the Jewish composer Oscar Straus. Straus when there was no more cenorship. Alan Best and wildest tragedies cannot keep it out," was the composer of more than 50 comic operas tells us that the Nazis "did not quite know says J. B. Priestley. To the German drama­ and operettas who was never forgiven by hi^ how to deal with him". There was the project tists this would have been completely out of teacher Anton Bruckner for having abandoned of a film version of the Marquis von Keith. keeping with a moralische Anstalt. serious music. He had written popular songs that shady character, but provided he was for Emst von Wolzogen's Ueberbrettl i^ portrayed as a Jew. Wedekind's widow Tilly An even more important point which ought Berlin before achieving world fame with refused to allow this, the film was never to have been made in the symposium is that operettas like the "Chocolate Soldier", "The made, and Wedekind's name disappeared from the paucity of the German theatre after the Last Waltz" and many others. In 1955 bp the theatres and bookstalls of the Third Reich. Second World War—as compared to its mag­ wrote the music for the film "La Ronde"- nificent fiourishing after the first—was. with­ Oscar Straus left Vienna in 1939, and aftef Today, he is "securely established" among out doubt, mainly due to the absence of the a short stay in Paris went to the United States- Germany's younger generation while his plays Jews in a sphere that had suited their artistic His attempts to combine American and are being produced in many countries. Alban and intellectural talents so well. The very Austrian musical traditions were not very Berg's opera Lulu is often revived, G. W. few who have returned, such as the play­ successful, and some time after the war he Pabst's film version of the same two plays, wright Peter Weiss and the controversial pro­ retumed to Vienna. He died in the neighbour­ Erdgeist and BOchse der Pandora, is shown ducer Peter Zadek have shown that the Ger­ ing spa of Ischl in 1954 at the age of 84. again and again. Best analyses their attrac­ man theatre lost and what it is still largely tion in our time: "The Lulu plays focus on lacking. E.G-L- AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 Page 7

Georg Nador Who were the authors of these sayings? Not, of course, the "people": each must have been created by an individual. The names of the sharp-witted men, rabbinical scholars or rab- JEWISH PROVERBS binically unlearned, who first created each adage, each wertl, are lost for ever. Their Many books are widely discussed on their European Jewish mass culture was shared by number must border on the infinite. first appearance, but are totally forgotten after few. He could, therefore, expect no support, forty or fifty years. Contrariwise, it is only either from the Orthodox section or from the -Are the folk-sayings diametrically opposed progressively minded Wissenschaft des Juden­ to the religious and theologically determined now, decades after its original publication, that culture of the post-mediaeval period? Are they Ignaz Bernstein's collection of Jewish proverbs tums. In Orthodox eyes, the subject was expressions of am haaretz culture, totally at is gaining recognition for its importance to secular, while for the Wissenschaft popular variance with scholarly culture, the Talmid Jewish culture and scholarship. The recent mass culture was of little value. They prized Clmcham and the Wissenschaftler? Only a German reprint is an indication of this.* the philosophical, theological and poetical part romantically prejudiced approach to the history Ignaz Bemstein (1836-1909) was not a pro­ of the Jewish heritage, but it did not occur to of literature could suggest such an exaggerated fessional scholar, but a well-to-do businessman them that the "uneducated" masses of Eastem position. We do not believe in the creative living in Poland who devoted all his spare time Europe, speaking mere "jargon", could pro­ force of the People as a collective force, nor and talent to the study of Jewish folklore and duce anything of value or interest in that do we think that the untutored folk is in a Yiddish proverbs in particular. Having col­ despised language- Bemstein, however, dis­ better position to create folk-culture than the lected tens of thousands of everyday maxims played a folkloristic approach to the culture leamed members of the same community. and proverbial expressions from the people he of his people, an approach which did not begin But it is clear to every student of the met in the street or in his business dealings, to gain general acceptance until our own times. Sprichworter that, in the main, their attitude he classified these sayings according to subject, Among the nations of Westem Europe, the is ithat of an anti-Establishment spirit. They transcribed them into Latin characters, added Enlightenment and Romaniticism aroused in­ oppose the rigid conservatism of the Establish­ an index and glossary, and at his own expense terest in popular culture and its specifically ment, ridicule many superstitious beliefs and published the compilation—the work of a life­ national characteristics. Under the influence hierarchical concepts, suggest a more lively time. of these movements, for example. Herder com­ and flexible attitude to religious issues, the In addition, he issued a limited edition of piled various kinds of national literature, such relationship of the sexes, the position of Erotica and Rustica. This, now extremely rare, as ballads and poems, and the Brothers Grimm women, and so on. is reproduced as a welcome appendix to the collected German fairy tales. It is scarcely conceivable that these pro­ current edition of Jiidische Sprichworter und Nevertheless, little of this is to be found in verbs and sayings, admirably formulated and Redensarten. Jewish intelleotual life at that time. The profoundly critical, sometimes to the point of Hans Peter Althaus (Marburg/Lahn) has champions of Jewish culture restricted their aggression, were the work of ignoramuses. On provided a scholarly introduction, as well as a researches to the educated classes. Even the the contrarj', the authors of these Sprichworter most useful up-to-date bibliography of the most gifted among them were prevented by und Redensarten must have been highly edu­ literature on Jewish proverbs. The book is their "aristocratic" attitude from appreciating cated men with complete mastery of the lan­ moreover, attractively presented. the cultural potentialities of the am haaretz, guage and its finesses, who had received a When Bemstein carried out his gigantic work the ordinary Yiddish-speaking people. italmudic education. Nevertheless, they were •n the second half of the nineteenth century, Naturally enough, they rationalised their not at ease within the limits of established unaided by other individuals or by institutions, neglect of folklore by their contempt for the values. In expressing themselves, they voiced the concept of collecting and studying Eastern superstition of the masses. They disparaged the inarticulate feelings, not only of the com­ popular belief in such conceptions as the mon man, but also of women and children, as 'Ignaz Bernstein. JOdlsche SprlchwSrter und Redensarlen Dibbuk, which has become so widely known, well as the underprivileged within the heir- (Olms, Hildesheim. 1969. Neudruck der Warschau- even to non-Jews, through the play by the archically stmctured society of the ghetto. Ausgabe, 1908). DM 88. folkloristic poet An-Ski. Since they identified Jewish folklore with superstitious beliefs and practices, with childish legends and Maases, they preferred to avoid the subjeot altogether. All Oriental nations are rich in proverbs, some expressing popular wisdom, others of a DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX more leamed and scholastic nature. Ancient Jewry possessed collections of such wisdom in teachings like Mishle and The Wisdom of LTD. Ben Sirach. The Talmud contains hundreds of genuine folk-sayings, covering all aspects of everyday life and expressing the common people's views and feelings on life and death, friendship and love, and the like. Less is known about the proverbs in media­ eval times. The Jews seem to have taken over the popular wisdom of the nations among whom they lived, so that the influence of German folk-sayings is clearly seen and there Dunbee House are frequent borrowings from Gennan folklore. Few of the sayings preserved by Bernstein go back further than the eighteenth century. 117 Great Portland Street, Their language, local colour and approach re­ flect the outlook of the stedtl and the great East European ghettos. Intellectually, attitudes London, W.l held before, during and after the time of the Enlightenment are all represented. To sense the feel of the Sprichworter, one has only to read the chapter headed Rabi ("Wunder­ Tel; 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) rabbi"): "A rabi Un a doktor weren reich fiin weiber", "Der rebi trinkt alejn aus dem wein, iin hejsst demuch di andere solen frejlich sein". Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER TELEX Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS Always interested in purchasing welt-preserved instruments. HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN INT. TELEX 2-3540 JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. 53/79 Highgate Road. London, NWS 1RR 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9. Choose Hallgarten-Choose Fine Wines Page 8 AJR INFORMATION October, 1975

Herbert Freeden (Jeruaalem) WAR AGAINST TAX-DODGERS Israel's income tax authorities have an­ nounced that they will prosecute a number of firms and indiviauals who are alleged to have THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISRAEL evaded paying millions of pounds in taxes during the past few years. One Beersheba The "Intemational Women's Year" will be less than men, even for the same kind of bakery is accused of not declaring income of remembered by a sorry and shameful perfor­ jobs. On the average, they eam 30 per cent about £1,072,000. mance of the "Intemational Women's Confer­ less than their male colleagues. The educa­ In Jerusalem, Professor Abraham Hochman. 65, head of the Haddassah Hebrew University ence", held in Mexico City where the Israel tional level of women in Israel is lower than medical centre's oncology department, and his representative, Leah Rabin, had to make her that of men. Although women make up for wife were indicted on charges of not declaring speech liefore an almost empty hall, as her more than half of the number of students in income of £7,285 in private medical fees re­ sister delegates of the "Third World" coun­ higher institutes of leaming, only 37 per cent ceived over a period of three years. tries had demonstratively staged an exodus. of BA degrees are awarded to them, 34 per The campaign against tax evasion coincides However, the "Women's Year" had not too cent of the MA degrees and a mere 16 per cent with the introduction of a new income tax sys­ happy a passage in Israel either. A storm of the doctor titles. More women are analpha- tem, which reduces income tax payments, but arose when a cross section of members of all bets than men, mainly those coming from cancels all tax-free benefits including car and telephone allowances. Knesset factions—the religious parties and oriental countries but also because the Israel army gives free tutelage to male soldiers only. Hemt excluded—tabled a law with the view TEACHERS' STRIKE AT BEERSHEBA to amending the social and political status 70 per cent of all women in Israel call them­ of women in Israel. Although the Declaration selves "housewives", and there one finds the 2,200 primary pupils had extended summer of Independence of 1948 speaks also of equali­ syndroms and symptoms of housewives the holidays in Beersheba, because their teachers ty of the sexes, certain areas of family life, world over. If one believes the statistics, men­ were on strike protesting against the authori­ such as marriage, divorce and inheritance, are tal depressions are more frequent with women ties' failure to employ educational psycholo­ gists. still govemed by halachic law which does not than with men, and in the past year, 67 per always correspond to a modem interpretation cent of all suicides and suicide attempts were HONORARY DOCTORATE FOR of sex equality. made by women. Looking at the figures, it RECHA FREIER The opponents to the newly tabled law seems that there is still plenty of room for claim that such a step would violate the improvement on the professional and social Recha Freir who even before 1933 started "status quo"—which has become an institu­ level as far as equality of women is concerned, the Children and Youth Aliyah in Germany, before tackling the "holy cow" of the religious received an honorary doctorate from the tion in itself. Introduced at the initiative of Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She was born David Ben-Gurion to prevent anything that status quo. in 1892 in Norden/Ostfriesland and married may faintly resemble a "Kulturkampf", it has Dr. Moritz Freier, a Berlin rabbi. In 1940 she frozen the situation as it existed at the end of left Germany with the last Youth Aliyah the Mandatory administration, with no chan­ THE ISRAELI SCEISE transport to be allowed to leave. She stayed ges permitted. To cite an example in another with the group in Yugoslavia and went to Pales- CROSSMAN FOREST IN JERUSALEM stine in 1941 when Yugoslavia was overrun by field: in Haifa, public transport was allowed to the Germans. function on Sabbath in mandatory times, then The first trees were planted in the 13,000- tree forest dedicated to the memory of the late consisting of buses only. When after the estab­ BEDUIN WANTS TO CONVERT lishment of the State, underground trains were Mr. Richard Crossman in the Jemsalem Hills. His widow, Mrs. Anne Crossman, was present, added to the public transport network, they as was Mr. Yigal Allon, Israel's Deputy Prime A 32-year-old Israeli Beduin, Mr. Ibrahim were excluded from running on Sabbath. Minister and Foreign Minister and a close Shvili, who holds one of the highest awards Nevertheless, it would be erroneous to assume personal friend. He recalled that as a member for bravery in action, has applied to become that the lack of equality of women in Israel of the Anglo-American inquiry committee in a convert to Judaism. He lost a hand in an 1946, Mr. Crossman had steadfastly resisted Israel Defence Forces action before the Yom is solely the result of religious legislation. Kippur War and wants to marry a 23-year-old There are quite a number of mundane activi­ Ernest Bevin's hostile policy. This had at the time seriously jeopardised Mr. Crossman's Herzlia widow who recently bore him a daugh­ ties where women are placed at a disadvan­ career, but contributed directly to the eventual ter. The rabbinate refuses to consider his ap­ tage, even discriminated against. Tme, Israel decision to submit the Palestine issue to the plication, and as there is no civil marriage in was led for several years by a woman prime U.N. The Richard Crossman Forest, sponsored Israel, he intends to emigrate with the young minister. For a short while, it also listed a by the British Zionist Federation, will form woman and her child urdess his application is female member of the govemment without part of the commemorative forest of British granted. Jews in which ten million trees have been portfolio. This, however, exhausts to a large VIETNAMESE GIRL IN LOVE WITH extent the role of women in the leading cadres planted during the past ten years. of Israel politics. Among the 120 members of The British Ambassdor attended the tree- ISRAELI the Knesset, only seven are female, although planting ceremony and conveyed a message of A young Vietnamese girl, Fong Kim Lee, women form 52 per cent of the population. No congratulations and good wishes from the arrived in Beersheba with her two children in woman has ever become vice-minister or been Prime Minister, from the leader of the Opoosi- order to marry their father, an Israeli who ran tion and from the leader of the Liberal Peers a night-club and hotel in Saigon. His wife and appointed director-general of a ministry; no to Israel's deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Yigal woman sits on the bench of the Supreme seven children also live in the town, and the Allon. two families are said to be on good terms, but Court, nor on the mayor's chair in one of the the rabbinate refuses to convert her to larger cities. LUDWIG GUTTMANN MEDICAL CENTRE Judaism. One can detect quite a number of oddities At the Chaim Sheba medical centre in Tel Aviv a spinal injuries centre will be opened. ELIZABETH TAYLOR AND BURTON in the labour market. Most women fill occu­ IN JERUSALEM pations which carry a low prestige—either It will be named after Professor Sir Ludwig Guttmann. director of the Stoke Mandeville physically heavy work such as nursing or national spinal injuries centre where several On the occasion of their four-day visit to cleaning, or monotonous jobs such as typing members of the Tel Aviv staff were trained. Israel, Elizabeth (called by her Hebrew name or work on assembly lines. Even where they Ninety per cent of Israel's wounded during Elisheva Rachel) Taylor and Richard Burton succeed in "conquering" previously male— were guests of the Kissingers at a party in the the Yom Kippur War were treated at the Tel King David Hotel, where both couples stayed- dominated fields, e.g. education, men still re­ Aviv hospital. At present there are 24 beds There was also a public performance in the tain the controlling and leading positions. for paraplegics and an outpatients' clinic. A London-based committee Operation Wheel­ 1,000 seat Jerusalem Theatre, where Richard The share of women in oflice work is 85 per chairs under the chairmanship o' Mrs. Lilv Burton read passages from the Bible, excerpt^ cent, in nursing 80 per cent, in teaching in Perry has undertaken to support the £125,000 from Shakespeare and from Dylan Thomas elementary schools 68 per cent but only seven "Under Milkwood". The proceeds of the even­ project which will provide a 50-bed department ing were $10,000, which will go to Mayor Teddy per cent of the supervising posts in the edu­ and a clinic dealing solely with neurological KoUek's fund for children's cultural activities- cational network are held by women. In the rehabilitation. Operation Wheelchairs, estab­ free professions and the higher echelon of the lished by only four determined oeople in 1970. has so far raised over £250.000 for medical KOSHER ARAB RESTAURANT civil service, the proportion is still worse— centres and hospitals in Israel. female representation is under ten per cent; A restaurant in the Galilee village of Um in the legal profession — seven per cent; TOY FAIR IN TEL AVIV el Fahm is the first in an Israeli Arab village among the engineers—five per cent; and a to receive a kosher licence. A group of 2o mere two per cent of the academic staff at the An annual toy and music fair sponsored by Jewish teachers are staying in the village on universities are women. 36 per cent of all the City Council was held in Tel Aviv in a four-week course and want to eat there. They August. The square outside the city hall was are teachers of Arabic in Israeli schools who civU servants on the state and municipal level filled with stands displaying toys, games, want to improve their knowledge of the langU' are women, yet only nine per cent of the records and musical equipment. There was a age and of Arab customs. Similar groups are leading posts are filled by women. Women eam great demand for do-it-yourself stereo sets. expected later. AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 Page 9

deutsches Altersmhegeld mit 65 Jahren (180 NACHENTRICHTUNG VON BEITRAEGEN Monate Wartezeit) erfuellt, tatsaechlich eine Kuerzung nicht stattfindet. (5) In dem in der Juni 1975 — Nummer ZUR DEUTSCHEN SOZIALVERSICHERUNG erschienenen Artikel ist gesagt worden, dass die Verfolgten-Nachentrichtung vor Ende des Wir haben in unserer Jund 1975-Nummer beitraege vorliegen und die nicht in Deutsch­ Jahres beantragt werden muss, dass die ueber den Ablauf der Frist Ende dieses Jahres land auf Hachsharah waren und daher auch Erledigung des Antrags und die Zahlung des fuer Stellung von Antraegen auf Genehmigung auf diese Weise nicht die Anerkennung einer Nachentrichtungsbetrages aber spaeter erfol­ der Nachentrichtung von Beitraegen berichtet. Beitragszeit erreichen koennen. Bed diesen gen kann. Bei der oben erwaehnten Nachent­ Auf diesen Fristablauf wird nochmals hinge­ Personen ist die Moeglichkeit der Nachentrich­ richtung von DM 1,080 nach dem Renten- wiesen. Ergaenzend wird folgendes bemerkt: tung von 60 Monatsbeitraegen in der niedrigs­ Reform-Gesetz ist es jedoch nach dem Wortlaut (1) Zusaetzlich zu den bisherigen Vorausset­ ten Klasse von DM 18—also einer Summe von der Gesetzesbestimmung nicht ganz klar, ob zungen des Nachentrichtungsrechts (Unter- DM 1080—nach dem Renten-Reform-Gesetz zu eine Zahlung des Betrages nach dem 31 Dezem­ breehung einer versicherungspflichtigen erwaegen, um das eben erwaehnte Erfordernis ber 1975 vorgenommen werden kann, wenn Beschaeftigung durch Verfolgungsmassnahmen des Vorliegens von 60 Beitraegen zu erfuellen, sich auch die Versicherungsanstalten dahin Oder bei Beginn der Verfolgung bestehende und dann durch eine weitere Nachentrichtung ausgesprochen haben sollen, dass sie die frist­ Arbeitslosigkeit) kann jetzt auch die Tatsache, nach dem Gesetz zur Regelung der Wiedergut­ gemaesse Antragstellung fuer ausreichend dass der Veriolgte Entschaedigung wegen machung nationalsozialistischen Unrechts in halten. Um ein Risiko zu vermeiden, wird .^usbildungsschadens erhalten hat, oder dass der Sozialversicherung (Verfolgten-Nachent- denen, die sich dieser Nachentrichtung Verfolgungsmassnahmen gegen ihn innerhalb richtung) ein Rentenrecht zu begruenden. Die bedienen wollen, empfohlen, den Betrag von von 12 Monaten nach Beendigung der Ausbil­ eben erwaehnte Nachentrichtung nach dem DM 1,080 in einem Bank-Scheck auf eine dung begonnen haben, das Nachentrichtungs­ Renten-Reform-Gesetz kann nur fuer 60 zwi­ deutsche Bank vor Ende des Jahres an die recht begruenden, falls eine Versicherungszeit schen dem 1.1.1956 und dem 30.9.1972 liegende betreffende deutsche Versicherungsanstalt (Beitragszeit und Ersatzzeit) von mindestens Monate geleistet werden, jedoch nur fuer zusammen mit dem Antrag auf Genehmigung 60 Monaten vorliegt. Diese Ausdehnung der Zeiten, die nicht bereits mit Beitraegen zur der Nachentrichtung einzusenden. Der Nachentrichtungsmoeglichkeit ist aber fuer British National Insurance belegt sind. Bri­ Betrag wird nicht zurueckgezahlt, falls der Personen unserer Gruppe nur von beschraenk­ tische Staatsangehoerige, sowie natuerlich Versicherte spaeter zu dem Schluss kommt, ter Bedeutung. deutsche Staatsangehoerige, sind zu dieser dass er die Verfolgten-Nachentrichtung nicht Wenn fuer einen Ausbildungsgeschaedigten Nachentrichtung berechtigt. vornehmen will. Falls keine Vorgaenge bei Beitraege in der Sozialversicherung vorliegen, Die Verfolgtennachentrichtung ist guens­ einer Versicherungsanstalt vorliegen, wird so kann in den meisten Faellen auch Unter­ tiger als die Nachentrichtung nach dem Ren­ Antragstellung bed der brechung einer versicherungspflichtigen ten-Reform-Gesetz. Die Ausbildungsgeschae­ Bundesversicherungsanstalt fuer Anges­ Beschaeftigung durch Verfolgungsmassnahmen digten, fuer die keine Versicherungsbeitraege tellte nachgewiesen werden. Hieraus ergibt sich dann vorhanden sind, koennen jedoch die Verfolg- Ruhrstrasse 2 das Nachentrichtungsrecht bereits nach der ten-Nachentrichtung nur in Anspruch nehmen, 1 Berlin 31-Wilmersdorf bisherigen gesetzlichen Regelung und es ist in wenn fuer sie eine Versicherungszeit von empfohlen. Falls Vorgaenge bei einer Landes­ diesen Faellen nicht notwendig, dieses Recht mindestens 60 Monaten vorliegt. Dies ist der versicherungsanstalt vorldegen, ist der Antrag auf die Tatsache der Entschaedigung wegen Grund, aus dem sie, wie oben ausgefuehrt, an die Ausbildungsschadens zu gruenden, zumal die zunaechst DM 1080—fuer 60 Monate nach dem Landesversichemngsanstalt Rheinprovinz so begraendete Nachentrichtung in ihren Renten-Reform-Gesetz nachentrichten mues­ Koenigsallee 71 Auswirkungen weniger guenstig ist als die­ sen, wenn sie die Grandlage fuer einen Ren­ Duesseldorf jenige, die auf verfolgungsbedingter Unter­ tenanspruch schaffen wollen. Die Hoehe der zu richten. Sollte ein Rentenantrag bei der brechung einer versicherungspflichtigen weiteren Vertolgten-Nachentrichtung wird Landesversicherungsanstalt Hamburg, Ueber- Beschaeftigung beruht. Das eben Gesagte sei durch die Beitragsklassen, in denen die seering 10, Hamburg 60 schweben, ist der an folgendem Beispiel erlaeutert: Nachentrichtung vorgenommen ward, bestimmt. Antrag an diese Anstalt zu richten. Ein Jude hat in Deutschland von Juli 1931 (3) Die Bundesversicherungsanstalt oder (6) Wir betonen wiederum, dass unsere bis Ostem 1932 eine kaufmaennische Stellung gegebenenfalls die zustaendige Landesver- Ausluehrungen keinen .Anspruch auf Voll­ gehabt und Beitraege zur Reichsversicherung sicherangsanstalt (siehe unten) uebersendet staendigkeit erheben. Es muss denen, die fuer Angestellte entrichtet. Ostem 1932 be­ auf Anfrage Tabellen, nach denen man sich ein glauben, ein Nachentrichtungsrecht zu haben, ginnt er, Medizin zu studieren, muss dieses Bild ueber die Nachentrichtung und die ueberlassen bleiben, weitere Erlcunddgungen Studium aber Ostem 1934 aus Verfolgungs­ erwartete Rente machen kann. Viele Interes­ anzustellen. gmenden aufgeben. Er ist dann bis November senten werden den Nachentrichtungsbetrag,der 1938 im vaeterlichen Geschaeft taetig und als zur Erwirkung einer lohnenden Rente erforder­ dieses zwangsweise geschlossen wurde, im lich ist, als zu hoch betrachten und von der UNDISCOVERED CONCENTRATION Januar 1939 ausgewandert. Er hat Entschaedi­ Nachentrichtung Abstand nehmen. Es ist xm- CAMPS ? gung wegen Ausbildungsschadens und auch moegMch, im Rahmen dieses Artikels weitere (was hier nicht interessiert) wegen Berufs­ Einzelheiten anzugeben. Unverbindlich sagen Albert de Cocatrix, director of the Arolsen schadens erhalten- International Red Cross Search Bureau, said wir, dass eine weitere Nachentrichtung von in a broadcast that since the Bureau's first Nach der bisherigen Rechtslage: Kein ca 10,000 bis 15,000 DM zusaetzlich zu dem report in 1969 so many new camps and sub­ Verfolgten-Nachentrichtungsrecht, da keine oben genannten Betrag von DM 1,080 erforder­ sidiary camps had been discovered that similar Versicherungspflichtige Beschaeftigung durch lich waere, um die Wartezeit von 180 Monaten discoveries would have to be expected in the Verfolgungsmassnahmen unterbrochen. zu erfuellen und ein Altersruhegeld von ca. future. In this context he mentioned that Nach der jetzt erfolgten Gesetzesaenderung: DM 3,000bis 4,000 DM jaehrlich zu erlangen. recently a considerable number of totally Verfolgten-Nachentrichtungsrecht besteht, da unknown camp commando points had been das Erfordemis des Vorliegens von mindestens Auch bei Errechnung einer Berufsunfaehig- found in the neighbourhood of the notorious 60 Monaten Versichemngszeit (Beitrags- und keits — (50%ige Arbeitsunfaehigkeit) oder Stutthof camp near Danzig. Ersatzzeit) erfuellt und Entschaedigung wegen Erwerbsunfaehigkeits — (100% ige Arbeitsun­ In another broadcast the deputy director Ausbildsungsschadens gewaehrt worden ist. faehigkeit) — Rente wird eine Nachentrich­ of the Ludwigsburg Bureau for the Investiga­ tung von der Versicherungsanstalt berueck­ tion of Nazi Crimes, Dr. Arzt, pointed to the Hat jedoch der eben Genannte nach zwangs- sichtigt, jedoch nur dann, wenn die Nachent­ growing interest of young people in the Nazi ^veiser Aufgabe seines Studiums nicht im richtung vor Eintritt der 50%igen oder hoe­ past. A group of students of the Ludwigsburg Vaeterlichen Geschaeft gearbeitet, sondem edne heren Arbeitsunfaehigkeit vorgenommen wor­ Pedagogical Academy were working on a pro­ Stellung bei einem Arbeitgeber gehabt, fuer den ist. ject to study camp Natzweiler in Alsace. They die Beitraege zur Reichsversicherung fuer had inspected the locality and interviewed local Angestellte geleistet wurden und die im (4) Auf die EEC—Bestimmungen ueber die inhabitants about their knowledge of the camp November 1938 auf Grand der damaligen soziale Sicherheit. nach denen eine Sozialver- and its inmates. Verfolgungsmassnahmen zu einem Ende kam, sichemngsrente eine Kuerzung erfahren kann, so besteht ein Verfolgten-Nachentrichtungs- wenn der Rentenberechtigte von mehr als NO ARAB MONEY FOR VOLKSWAGEN fecht bereits nach bisheriger Rechtslage. Die einem EEC—Staat.z.B.von Grossbritannien und Tatsache, dass der Betreffende Entschaedigung von der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Sozial­ The Beirut Petromoney Report alleged that versicherungsrenten bezieht, sei in diesem an unnamed Arab Gulf State was planning to \vegen Ausbildungsschadens erhalten hat, ist invest in 15 per cent of the Volkswagenwerk fuer das Nachentrichtungsrecht nicht von Zusammenhang hingewiesen. Die praktische A.G. (Wolfsburg) equity. Both the directors Bedeutung. Anwendung dieser Bestimmungen hat gezeigt, of the firm and representatives of the Federal (2) Andererseits gibt es viele Ausbildungs- dass in den meisten Faellen, in denen der Ren­ Govemment denied any knowledge of such a geschaedigte, fuer die keine Versicherungs- tenberechtigte die Voraussetzungen fuer ein deal. Page 10 AJR INFORMATION October, 1975

TRIBUTE TO MR. JACK SCHRIER NEWS IN BRIEF Mr. Jack Schrier, who recently died in Winchester, was a most helpful friend to many SUCCESSFUL DEAL WITH RUSSIA "ROSENTHAL" FOR THE COMMONS victims of Nazi persecution, writes Mr. W. M- Mr. Richard Beecham, group managing direc­ Schwab. A blacksmith in Camden Town prior tor of Dunbee-Combex-Marx, the group which Philipp Rosenthal whose firm in Bavaria ob­ to his retirement, he was instrumental in is responsible for the Homby-Pedigree- tained the contract to supply crockery for establishing a workshop for the training in the House of Commons, spent the war years metalwork of young refugee boys, many of Scaletric toys has just completed a £2J million whom later settled in Palestine. He also deal with the Soviet Union. He is the son of in Britain as a refugee. He arrived via North erected a house in his own garden for two Mr. Simon Bischheim (an Executive member Africa and the Foreign Legion and became a young orphan girls who had suffered in con­ of the AJR). member of Sefton Deimer's black propaganda centration camps. He started a plastic bathing cap business organisation which broadcast alarming news went into partnership with Mr. Basil Feldman bulletins in German for German consumption. with £500 which he had borrowed. Later he Later on he interrogated German officers in GERMAN JEW'S PHOTO FOUND IN TOKYO of Edgware to build up the toy business which prisoner-of-war camps under the alias _of last year employed 4,000 people and had a Philipp Rossiter. .After the war he reclaimed Mr. H. E. Kiewe, Oxford, a member of the turnover of £31 million. the family firm which had been expropriated AJR, sent us a photo which his nephew had discovered in a junk shop in Tokyo. It depicts CHURCHILL FOR AJEX RALLY by the Nazis (his father was a Jew) and re­ turned to Germany to direct it. Since then an elderly gentleman and carries the dedica­ Mr. Winston Churchill, M.P., will be the he has devoted a lot of his time to politics: tion : "Very sincerely yours—^Hermann Prinz". main speaker at this year's rally following Any reader who thinks he is related to Her­ he is a member of the socialist party in the mann Prinz, who obviously had done business Ajex's annual remembrance parade on Novem­ office. He was naturalised at the end of the ber 16. The Reviewing Officer at the Parade in the Far East, or can give any hints which will be thc First Sea Lord and Chief of the Bundestag and has held important govemment might help to identify him should get in touch Naval Staff. Admiral Sir Edward Ashmore. war and now has dual nationality. with the AJR.

FAMILY EVENTS Godfrey. — Charlotte Margaret PART-TIME BOOKKEEPER re­ EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS Godfrey died in her sleep peace­ quired for academic institute. AND RESTYLING. All kinds of Entries in the column Family fully at Elizabeth Garrett Ander­ Working knowledge of German fur work undertaken by first-class Events are jree of charge. Texts son Hospital, London, on August essential. Box 527. renovator and stylist, many years' 31. Beloved "Lottchen' to countless experience and best references. should be sent in by the 15th of people around the world; loved the month. Situations Vacant Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 P.n>- and admired by whole generations; for appointment, Mrs. F. PhilipP' by their children and their chil- Women 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill. Birtlidays ren's children. In her 87th year, London, N.W.IO. eternally young, with a zest for 2 HUNGARIAN LADIES, very The AJR Club extends heartiest living undiminished by age and good cooks, available for parties. congratulations to its dear member, a joy in life that outweighed all AJR Employment Agency, tel: Personal Mrs. Theresa Mandelbaum, on the sorrows. "Lottchen's" place in the 01-624 4449. occasion of her 80th birthday on hearts of her family and of her CULTURED INDEPENDENT October 13. friends is assured for all time, ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES, WIDOW, late 60s, Vienna born, our happy memories of her the etc., undertaken by ladies on our living alone in nice block of flats Alexander.—Many happy returns of only monument she ever wished. register. Phone AJR Employment N.W. London (Garage facilities), the day to my dear granddaughter, Agency, 01-624 4449. seeks acquaintance with congenial, Marcele Alexander on her 18th Hoemes.—Mr. Max Hoernes, of 13 refined gentleman for friendship- birthday. A lot of health and happi­ Fernhurst Gardens, Edgware, Mid­ NURSING COMPANION. Continen­ Box 523. ness in your future life.—Grand­ dlesex, died during May, 1975. In tal lady. German speaking, seeks mother. loving memory—his sisters, Mrs. non-residential position. Also night YOUNG BUSINESS EXECUTIVE duty and as travelling companion. living near London wishes to meet Wallach.—^To our dear mother and T. Jaeckel and Mrs. E. Grader, and his daughter, Jenny Crowder. Box 522. refined young lady 20-24. Replies grandmother, Mrs. H. Wallach, of in confidence to Box 526. 123 Dartmouth Road, London, Sandberg.— Mrs. Luise Sandberg SURREY AREAS near Richmond/ N.W.2, congratulations on your (formerly Leicester) died in Os­ Kew/Wimbledon, also Hammer­ FOR MY FRIEND, attractive 80th birthday on October 15th, mond House, The Bishop's Avenue. smith and Putney areas: Lady, car widow, middle-aged, with beautiful good health and manjr happy re­ owner, available for shopping, home, wealthy, independent, look­ London, N.2, on August 12 after a cooking, comiKinionship. "Would tums, from your lovmg children short illness. ing for intelligent gentleman for and grandchildren. At Home from use car for outings, transport. 3-4 '"ompanionship, eventual marriage- 6-8 p.m. Schottlaender.—Mrs. Jenny Schott­ hours per day, Mondays to Fridays. Box. No. 524. laender (nee Haase) passed away Please contact AJR Employment Golden Weddin£ in London on August 10. Deeply Agency, 01-624 4449. MIDDLE-AGED WIDOW, pleasant Marx.—Dr. Bemhard and Mrs. mourned and sadly missed by her appearance, nice home, would like Irene Marx, of 141 Station Road, relatives and numerous friends. Accommodation Vacant to meet a very kind widower (car Hendon, London, NW4 4NJ. will owner preferred) for companion­ celebrate their Golden Wedding Vincent.—Frank Vincent (Vulkan) PLEASANT ROOM AVAILABLE ship, marriage considered. Box No. on 18th October. of 7 Brampton Court, Hendon, in small residential London Home 528. N.W.4, passed away peacefully on for elderly ladies. Kosher food, Deaths August 16. Deeply mourned and central heating, garden. Phone 01- WIDOWER, early 70s, with Council Calmson.—Dr. Curt Calmson. of 5 sadly missed by his wife Betty 346 8732 between 8 and 9 a.m. flat in Wembley and has offers of Kilverton Close, Scalford Drive (nee Plaut). Marcel. Regie and Housing Association fiats near Wollaton Park, Nottingham, aged Aranka Vulkan, relatives and TO LET- Large single room coast, wishes to meet ladv in her 88, passed away peacefully on Friends. (ground floor), centrally heated 60s who wishes to share the home August 18. Deeply moumed and with small kitchen, use of garden. for companionship and eventual sadly missed by his wife Assi. Memorial Stone Elderlv lady preferred. N.W-6 marriage. Box 529. daughter Lotte, son-in-law Philip district. Box 530. and other famUy members and Gluckstein.—The memorial stone LADY (Beriinerin), middle-aged, friends. in memory of Mr. David Gluckstein Miscellaneous indenendent, would like to meet will be consecrated at Bushey Jew­ gentleman for friendship. Box 531- Cohen.—Mrs. Erika Cohen (n6e ish Cemetery on Sunday, October HELP FOR CHILDREN with Hertz) formerly Allenstein. East 12, at 5 p.m. learning and behaviour difficulties Prassia, wife of the late Dr. Fred­ from specialised, caring teacher. MISSING PERSONS erick Cohen, our dearly beloved Golders Green district. Phone sister and aunt, passed away after CLASSIFIED 458 3646. AJR Enquiries a grave illness, on Friday, 22nd STAMP COLLECTOR requires August. Sadly missed by her family The charge in these columns is AUan.—Mr. G. Allan, last known and friends. I5p for five words. knowledgeable enthusiast to as­ sist in major reorganisation of address: 132 Cromwell Road, Lon­ Situations Wanted collection. For details contact Box don, SW7 4HA Erlich.—In loving memory of my 525. dear husband, Hermann Erlich, Women Freund.—Dr. jur. Gerhart Freund, taken from me so suddenly on LADY CAR OWNER, based North bom 1912 or 1913 in Brunn, Czech­ August 14 and so sadly moumed by THE AJR EMPLOYMENT London, available for trips, airport, oslovakia, as far as is known tassc- relatives in Leeds, St. .Anne^ AGENCY needs ladies for dress shopping, doctors, ete. contact ried to former Miss Christl Oppe'*' America, Germany, Israel and alterations and mending who would AJR, 01-624 4449. heim from Briinn. Argentina and his friends every­ be prepared to collect and deliver where. His kindness will remain work/do fittings at clients' homes. REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- Horowitz.—Mr. David Horowitz, last with us for ever. Shalom.—Anne, Please contact Mrs. Casson, 01-624 CURIST. Will visit your home, known address • 105 Cazenove 52 Amos Grove, London, N.14. 4449. 01-445 2915. Road, London, N.16. AJR INFORMATION October, 1975 Page 11

CHARLOTTE GODFREY Since 1957, when she celebrated her 70th IN MEMORIAM birthday, the name of Cliarlotte ("Lottehen") Godfrey (formerly Gottgetreu) appeared in DAYAN DR. L GRUNFELD PROFESSOR OTTO KURZ these columns at five-yearly intervals to wish Dayan Dr. I. Grunfeld, who died at the age Professor Otto Kurz who died recently, aged her many happy returns of the day. In fact, *f 75, was one of those Jews from Germany, 67, had been librarian of the Warburg Institute when she became 85 three years ago, she was who attained leading positions within the from 1944-65. He subsequently was Professor so alert that we had every reason to look for­ Anglo-Jewish community. Before he came to of History of Classical Tradition at London ward to the celebration of her 90th birthday. this country, he was a lawyer in Wuerzburg. University and Slade Professor of Fine Arts Yet it was not to be. On August 31, she passed Whilst always a strictly Orthodox Jew, his away peacefully. previous professional work outside the clerical at Oxford until 1971. sphere may have been one of the reasons for In his later years. Professor Kurz's interests Hers was a long and full life. I liked to which he always had an open mind for general turned particularly to the Near and Middle quote that she had already played a role in problems of our times and warned of the East. Among his many literary achievements my life before we really met, because she sang dangers of a one-sided Jewish education at the was the editorship of Mayer's monumental at my barmitzvah celebration as a member of Bibliography of Jewish Art. the Levetzowstrasse Synagogue choir (mind expense of worldly subjects. In this respect, you, not so much on account of her knowledge he followed the footsteps of Samson Raphael of Hebrew but of her musical proficiency). Hirsch who aimed at a synthesis between MR. JOSEF ROSENSAFT Yet we really got to know each other, when, Jewish teaching and European culture, and he though already in her sixties, she joined the also translated works by S. R. Hirsch into Mr. Josef Rosensaft, President of the World staff of the -AJR and became my secretary. Her English. His legal background stood him in Federation of Bergen-Belsen Survivors, died loyalty to the work developed into a personal good stead in his work as a Dayan as well as at the age of 64. Born in Bendzin (Poland), he friendship with my wife and myself, and we m his negotiations with the authorities in escaped from the death train to Auschwitz but kept contact with each other all the years questions of legislation. was later captured by the Germans and ended after her retirement. Dr. Grunfeld always loyally remained aware up in Belsen. After the liberation by the Allies, of the values of his German-Jewish origin. He he became the leader of the camp's survivors. The celebration of her 85th birthday differed Was an interested member of the AjR and Until the very end, "Jossel" Rosensaft was from many similar occasions by an unusual repeatedly expressed his appreciation of our deeply involved in helping the survivors and predominance of young people among the activities, especiallv of the standard of AJR in many efforts to keep the memory of the guests. For them, she was not an old lady mormation. When the "Thank-You Britain" Holocaust alive for posterity. but a real friend. There wUl be few people Fund was launched he agreed to join its who had contacts with so many relatives, Appeals Committee. friends and acquaintances. MR. OTTO KUZNITZKY Almost up to the end, until her health ERNEST ULLMANN gave way, she was enterprising, enjoying opera, The sculptor Emest Ullmann died at his Mr. Otto Kuznitzky (London) died on theatre and concerts and seeing people, either Sandton, Johannesburg home in his 75th year. September 1, shortly before his 91st birthday. in her beautifully arranged flat or paying He was recently elected Sandton's first Bom in Upper Silesia, he studied pharmacy visits to them. "Citizen of the Year". Bom in Munich, he at Breslau University. After the First World Only a few months before her death she Went to South Africa as a refugee in 1935. War, he settled in Hamburg, where he married felt that she might require more sheltered He was soon recognised as one of the country's and where he was employed as a pharmacist accommodation, and she moved into a recently finest sculptors and painters. Several South until the Nazis came to power. In this country, established residential home. Yet hers was African cities have acquired his monumental where he arrived as a refugee in 1939, Mr. only a short stay there, and death after a sculptures, and works of his are also displayed Kuznitzky obtained his English qualifications heart attack made an easy end of her life. at Yad Vashem (Jerasalem) and in the Ez after the war and worked as a pharmacist in In accordance with her wishes, her funeral Chajim Memorial Hall in Johannesburg. His London until he was 70 years old. Mr. Kuz­ was private. Yet we act as the spokesman for Jiumerous awards include the Queen's Corona­ nitzky was an interested and helpful member many if, through the medium of these columns, tion Medal (1954). "A great artist has gone of the AJR, and it is learned with gratitude we say with feelings of gratitude and affection : trom the South African scene", writes the that he left a bequest for this organisation in "Farewell, Lottchen". South African Digest. his will. WERNER ROSENSTOCK

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Page 12 .UR INFORMATION October, 1975

TEN YEARS OF FAITHFUL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS Tribute to Leo Baeck House Matron Whenever one enters Leo Baeck House, one THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS FRANZ WERFEL RE INTERRED is immediately captivated by the atmosphere German Literature in Decline? This is a IN VIENNA it radiates. Converted from a private villa, it much discussed subject which in the main Thirty years after his death in Los Angele.s has still retained the character of a personal concerns the lack of dramatic works of our on August 26, 1945, the ashes of the Austrian dwelling place. Yet important as these archi­ time. In contrast to the prodigious output of poet and writer Franz Werfel were interred tectural assets may be, the feeling of belong­ British authors (Osborne, Pinter, Bond, Orton, in the Vienna central cemetery. The grave was ing among the residents is first and foremost Ayckbourn—to name just a few who scored due to the spirit in which the Home is run. provided by the city of Vienna, but the costs In this respect, Leo Baeck House has been outstanding successes during these last of the transfer of the ashes from Los Angeles particulariy lucky, last but not least by the decades), achievements by the "modem" to Vienna were borne by a rich Armenian. continuity of its senior staff'. After the retire­ Germans appear meagre indeed, and the same In his book Die vierzig Tage des Mvsa Dagh Werfel had described the desperate fight of ment of the first Matron, Miss E. Merlander, in names—Wolfgang Bauer, Peter Handke, Martin the Armenians against the Turks and for this 1965, the obvious choice of her successor was Walser and Thomas Bemhard—are mentioned reason he is still held in great respect by Mrs. G. Dick, who had already been on the staff again and again. Most dramatists whose works since 1963. Thus, this montn we may extend Armenians all over the world. A priest of the to her our grateful congratulations for the com­ will be played during the coming season are Vienna Armenian Church expressed this feel­ pletion of ten years' work as Matron. well known old-timers: Frisch, Hochwaelder, ing during the re-interment. Lemet-Holenia and Zuckmayer. Duerrenmatt's Originating from Germany or, to be more explicit, from Bavaria, she understands not "Romulus the Great" will be on tour all over VISIT OF ISRAEL PHILHARMONIC only the language but also the mentality of Germany (starring Charles Regnier). The ORCHESTRA TO GERMANY the residents. She embodies two qualities Austrian author and translater Friedrich The Bonn Konzert agency Hoenisch and which are indispensable for her difficult work: Torberg (who first made his name with the Kaminski has been in charge of the arrange­ helpfulness to the individual resident and best-seller "Der Schueler Gerber hat absol­ ments for a number of concerts by the Israel authority where the personal wishes have to viert") calls himself "the last Jewish author to Philharmonic Orchestra in Germany. The be weighed against the needs of the total orchestra which received no Israeli subsidies community. In this way, Mrs. Dick has welded write in the German language." the residents into a happy family. East Berlin: An unusual Kleist-evening at for the tour, appeared in nine German cities and received about £9,000 in subsidies from Yet to keep the Home going, she also has the Deutsche Theater combined the fuU-length Gennan sponsors. to cope with a great amount of administrative "Prinz von Homburg" with the "Broken Jug." work and to deal with emergency situations Could the common denominator be called ISRAELI COMPOSER AT MUNICH which call for quick and level-headed action. "Justice and Trial?" OPERA FESTIVAL. Equally, she does not just supervise the staff. Diisseldorf: It is emphasised that the but gives them an example by joining in Thomas Mann Exhibition at the Goethe The best birthday gift for Professor Josef whatever kind of job may have to be tackled. Tal in Jerusalem must be the news that his It is certainly no accident thait she keens con­ Museum to commemorate the author's 100th opera Die Versuchung has been accepted for tact with her staff members from abroad even birthday (see July issue of AJR Information) the 1976 Munich Opera Festival. Professor Tal after they have returned home and visits them was the only one held in the whole of West was bom Joseph Griinthal in Pinne on in their countries of residence. Germany. September 18, 1905. He studied at the Berlin She also has become a trusted friend of the Obituary: Fritz Wotruba, the Austrian sculp­ High School of Music and emigrated to Israel members of the House Committee, and the tor has died at the age of 68. His work has in 1934. Since 1965 he has been head of the recent death of its chairman, Mr. F. Ury, was been exhibited all over Europe and America, Department of Musicology at the Hebrew Uni­ felt as a great personal loss by her. versity in Jemsalem. In 1969 he was elected Yet a congratulatory note must not end on and he became a powerful influence on the an associate member of the West Berlin Aca­ younger sculptor-generation.—Siegfried Amo, a low key. We thank Mrs. Dick for all she has demy of Arts, and earlier this year he received done, and it is not only for her sake but also the actor who will be remembered by many the Music Prize of the City of Berlin (Kunst­ for not quite unselfish reasons that we wish former Berliners, died in Los Angeles at the preis Berlin fiir das Fach Musik). His opera her happiness and many more successful years age of 79. S.B. will have ilts first night in Julv. 1976. E.G.L. of work for the benefit of our people. W.B-

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