The History of World Civilization. 3 Cyclus (1450-2070) New Time ("New Antiquity"), Capitalism ("New Slaveownership"), Upper Mental (Causal) Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The History of World Civilization. 3 Cyclus (1450-2070) New Time ( The history of world civilization. 3 cyclus (1450-2070) New time ("new antiquity"), capitalism ("new slaveownership"), upper mental (causal) plan. 19. 1450-1700 -"neoarchaics". 20. 1700-1790 -"neoclassics". 21. 1790-1830 -"romanticism". 22. 1830-1870 – «liberalism». Modern time (lower intuitive plan) 23. 1870-1910 – «imperialism». 24. 1910-1950 – «militarism». 25.1950-1990 – «social-imperialism». 26.1990-2030 – «neoliberalism». 27. 2030-2070 – «neoromanticism». New history. We understand the new history generally in the same way as the representatives of Marxist history. It is a history of establishment of new social-economic formation – capitalism, which, in difference to the previous formations, uses the economic impelling and the big machine production. The most important classes are bourgeoisie and hired workers, in the last time the number of the employees in the sphere of service increases. The peasants decrease in number, the movement of peasants into towns takes place; the remaining peasants become the independent farmers, who are involved into the ware and money economy. In the political sphere it is an epoch of establishment of the republican system, which is profitable first of all for the bourgeoisie, with the time the political rights and liberties are extended for all the population. In the spiritual plan it is an epoch of the upper mental, or causal (later lower intuitive) plan, the humans discover the laws of development of the world and man, the traditional explanations of religion already do not suffice. The time of the swift development of technique (Satan was loosed out of his prison, according to Revelation 20.7), which causes finally the global ecological problems. The new history corresponds to the antiquity, being its repetition on the higher level. In correspondence to the human life, it is a period from 45 to 51 years. The new history is divided into nine periods, now we are in the middle of the 8th period. 19 period (1450-1700) “neoarchaics”. 1. America in 1450-1700. A.North America in 1450-1700. Giovanni Caboto, an Italian seaman, who sailed under the English flag, crossed the Atlantics from Bristol 1497. He was in search of a new sea way to China, but landed in New Foundland. About 500 years after the Vikings he was a first European, who came to the North America. He had discovered the big fishing grounds, which were visited by English fishers. But only 1610 a settlement was founded there. Giovanni da Verrazano traveled before the American coast 1524. A Frenchmen Jacques Cartier sailed upwards the St. –Laurence Stream 1535/36. He wanted to cross the northern continent; the others wanted to sail around it. The first French settlers in the North America were hunters for fur animals. They made trade with Indians, changing tools, weapon and alcohole against fur. The demand for American fur was big in Europe; the biber fur had a high current by the hut-makers. The French discoverers traveled along the St.-Laurence Stream till the Great Seas. They invade inside the land and came through the Mississippi till the Mexican Gulf. 1577-80 the second sailing around the world is made by English sea hero and pirate Francis Drake (ca.1545-1596). 1584-1590 Sir Walter Raleigh founds a settlement at the island of Roanoke for short time. A painter John White took part at many expeditions to the North America. 1587 he was a governor of the colony at Roanoke (modern state Virginia). His paintings are the oldest pictures of Indian life. After the the first attempts to settle were unsuccessful, the first British colony is founded in Jamestown (Virginia) by John Smith 1607. Samuel de Champlain (1567-1635) as the first governor of Canada takes Newfoundland, New Scottland and New France into possession. 1608 Champlain, the “founder of Canada”, founds a settlement in Quebec and studies the Champlain sea. The first European settlers were peasants, who cut and burned the forests along the Atlantic coast to get the land for tillage. Soon the agrarian society after the European example appeared. Appalaches were the natural barrier. The settlements in Virginia were financially supported by the English nobility through the investition into the new plantages. There was a lot of working power: poor settlers, African slaves and criminals, who prefer the emigration to America to the imprisonment. Many settlers became victims of the subtropic climate of Virginia. The planting of tobacco, the indigenous plant in America, and its export to Europe make soon Virginia as rich as the haven towns of New England. The Indian princess Pocahohtas from the tribe of Powhatan became Christian, was married to Englishmen John Rolfe, came to England and died 1616, 21 years old. 1625 the missionary activity of French Jesuits began. 1643 Montreal is founded. The French West Indian company (1664) made trade with fur and alcohol with Indians. In the 17th century through the immigration of the religiously persecuted the states of New England are built both as crown colonies (with the king’s governor and own people’s representation) and as propriety colonies (because of the free private treaties with the crown). 1620, December 26 the “Pilgrim Fathers”, a Puritan sect, persecuted in England, land in Plymouth (Massachusets) from the “Mayflower” ship. They worked hard and tried to build the God-like society in the New World. Colonists had conflicts with Indians. They welcomed the first settlers, but hindered their invading inside the country. Already 1622 in Jamestown Indians murder 350 colonists, who occupied their land. Soon the settlers outnumbered the Indians. They expelled them from their tribal lands. Many natives became victims of the illnesses, brought from Europeans, which decimated the population of the already small tribes. 1632 the Catholics found Maryland. The state supports the colonies (1640 about 25,000 settlers) through “charts” (protection letters) and the trade favorings (navigation acts), which are directed mostly against the Dutch sea and trade rivals. Swedish and Dutch colonists came later. New Netherland was founded 1616. 1626 the Dutch found New Amsterdam. Already 1636 the Harvard university is founded. 1650 there were already many colonies at the East coast, among them Swedish and Dutch. 1654, August the first Jewish settlers arrive in New Amsterdam; one month later they are joined by 23 Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews refugees from Brazil, who had participated in the war against the Portuguese. By the end of the 17th century, the second Jewish community on the North Afmerican continent had already been established in Charleston, South Carolina. Different nations fought each other, like in Europe, and Indians. New Sweden (Delaware) is conquered by the Dutch 1655, but they gave it to England 1664. In the same year the Englishmen conquer New Amsterdam and rename it to New York. According to the peace of Breda (1667), New Netherland became English (states: New York, New Jersey, Delaware). From 1670 South Carolina and the Rupert land (Hudson Bay Company) were occupied. The Indian attacks at the European settlements grow. 1675-1676 the king Philipp war between Indians and colonists takes place. 1683 William Penn founds Philadelphia and the quackers’ colony Pennsylvania. The extension of English settlements along the St.-Laurence Stream till the Great Seas causes the conflicts with the French. From 1674 the state mercantile protection of the first French colonial empire by Colbert begins. 1681-1682 La Salle studies the Mississippi and incorporates Louisiana. After 1686 the plunderings of British trade points at the Hudson Bay and the attacks till New England take place. In the whole, in the first period Europeans became to settle in the North America. Initially Frenchmen dominated, then the Englishmen created the first real colonies on the east coast, taking some of them from the Swedes and the Dutch. The colonies were still formally subordered to England. B. Central and South America. Using the map of Florentinian Toscanelli (1397-1482), a Genuasan Christoph Columbus (1451-1506) in the service of Isabella of Castilia searchs the western sea way to India. After 61 day’s way he discovered the islands of Guanahani (San Salvador), Kuba and Haiti on October 12, 1492.In his team there were at least four descendants of Spanish Jews. One of them, interpreter Luis de Torres, was among the first to set foot on the shores of the island of Guanahani. His voyage was made possible by the political and financial support of courtiers of Converso origin, and it was to them that he sent his first reports. Soon after the first discoveries (1494) the treaty of Tordesillas is concluded: the world was divided into Spanish and Portugal colonial empires. Pope Alexander VI establishes the demarcation line ca. 370 miles to the west of Azores as frontier between Portugal (to the east) and Spain (to the west). 1496 Columbus founded the first European settlement Santo Domingo upon Hispaniola. As viceking Columbus makes four traveling to West- India (how it became to be called) and discovers the continent (the estuary of Orinoco; later Panama) 1498. 1499-1502 a Florentinian Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512) travels near the coast of South America. Because of his traveling reports the new continent becomes famous and called America according to the proposal of German scholar Martin Waldseemüller 1507. 1500 Brasil is discovered at the India journey of a Portuguese Pedro Alvarez Cabral (1460-1526), where another Converted Jew worked as an interpreter. From 1507 all those who could not prove their “purity of blood” were not permitted to travel to the Americas. Already 1510/11 the first black slaves were imported to the West India. A Spanyard Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches as the first European the Pacific Ocean after the crossing of Panama strait 1513.
Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
    Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Local History of Ethiopia an - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)
    Local History of Ethiopia An - Arfits © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) an (Som) I, me; aan (Som) milk; damer, dameer (Som) donkey JDD19 An Damer (area) 08/43 [WO] Ana, name of a group of Oromo known in the 17th century; ana (O) patrikin, relatives on father's side; dadi (O) 1. patience; 2. chances for success; daddi (western O) porcupine, Hystrix cristata JBS56 Ana Dadis (area) 04/43 [WO] anaale: aana eela (O) overseer of a well JEP98 Anaale (waterhole) 13/41 [MS WO] anab (Arabic) grape HEM71 Anaba Behistan 12°28'/39°26' 2700 m 12/39 [Gz] ?? Anabe (Zigba forest in southern Wello) ../.. [20] "In southern Wello, there are still a few areas where indigenous trees survive in pockets of remaining forests. -- A highlight of our trip was a visit to Anabe, one of the few forests of Podocarpus, locally known as Zegba, remaining in southern Wello. -- Professor Bahru notes that Anabe was 'discovered' relatively recently, in 1978, when a forester was looking for a nursery site. In imperial days the area fell under the category of balabbat land before it was converted into a madbet of the Crown Prince. After its 'discovery' it was declared a protected forest. Anabe is some 30 kms to the west of the town of Gerba, which is on the Kombolcha-Bati road. Until recently the rough road from Gerba was completed only up to the market town of Adame, from which it took three hours' walk to the forest. A road built by local people -- with European Union funding now makes the forest accessible in a four-wheel drive vehicle.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosmini's Liberalism and the Shadow of Adam Smith
    Journal of Markets & Morality Volume 21, Number 2 (Fall 2018): 271–295 Copyright © 2018 Rosmini’s Liberalism and the Shadow Alberto Mingardi* of Adam Smith IULM University of Milan The purpose of this article is to show the impact on Rosmini’s economic thinking from one strain of classical liberal economics—that of Adam Smith. Rosmini’s reflections on Smith, which are far from episodic, show a degree of affinity and a strong intellectual preference for laissez-faire versus economic intervention- ism. This article explores selected instances in Rosmini’s economic and political works in which either Rosmini himself quotes Smith, or the latter’s shadow seems unmistakable. It focuses in particular on Rosmini’s approach to economics as a science (and his criticism of “mechanical” utilitarianism); his views of competi- tion, monopoly, and protection; and his fiscal theory, as the places in which his reading of Smith most reverberates. Rosmini’s approaches to these problems constitute sufficient evidence to place him within the classical liberal tradition. Introduction “If [classical] liberal economics did not exist, Rosmini, for the sake of consistency with his own ideas, would have to invent it” (Piovani 1957: 79). This statement by Pietro Piovani (1922–1980) may sound astonishing, since it does not refer to an economist but to a Catholic priest, founder of religious orders, and philosopher. Antonio Rosmini (1797–1855) was indeed a passionate advocate of competition. Rosmini was no second-league thinker in nineteenth century Italy. He left behind an enormous body of writings: The still-incomplete critical edition of his works would amount to more than one-hundred volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian English: Its Evolution and Current State
    International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication Vol. 1, 2012 Australian English: Its Evolution and Current State Collins Peter University of New South Wales https://doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.11 Copyright © 2012 To cite this article: Collins, P. (2012). Australian English: Its Evolution and Current State. International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication, 1, 75-86. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.11 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 01/10/2021 02:29:09 | IJLTIC 2012 1 (1), 75-86 Articles | Oceania Australian English: Its Evolution and Current State Peter Collins, University of New South Wales, Australia Abstract his paper provides a critical overview of research on Australian English (‘AusE’), T and of the vexing questions that the research has grappled with. These include: What is the historical explanation for the homogeneity of the Australian accent? Was it formed by the fi rst generation of native-born Australians in the ‘Sydney mixing bowl’, its spread subsequently facilitated by high population mobility? Or is the answer to be found in sociolinguistic reconstructions of the early colony suggesting that a uniform London English was transplanted to Australia in 1788 and that speakers of other dialects quickly adapted to it? How is Australia’s national identity embodied in its lexicon, and to what extent is it currently under the infl uence of external pressure from American English? What are the most distinctive structural features of AusE phonology,
    [Show full text]
  • The Memoirs of General the Baron De Marbot in 2 Volumes
    The Memoirs of General the Baron de Marbot in 2 Volumes by the Baron de Marbot THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT. Table of Contents THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT......................................1 Volume I....................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................2 Chap. 1................................................................6 Chap. 2...............................................................11 Chap. 3...............................................................17 Chap. 4...............................................................24 Chap. 5...............................................................31 Chap. 6...............................................................39 Chap. 7...............................................................41 Chap. 8...............................................................54 Chap. 9...............................................................67 Chap. 10..............................................................75 Chap. 11..............................................................85 Chap. 12..............................................................96 Chap. 13.............................................................102 Chap. 14.............................................................109 Chap. 15.............................................................112 Chap. 16.............................................................122 Chap. 17.............................................................132
    [Show full text]
  • The German Civil Code
    TUE A ERICANI LAW REGISTER FOUNDED 1852. UNIERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPART=ENT OF LAW VOL. {4 0 - S'I DECEMBER, 1902. No. 12. THE GERMAN CIVIL CODE. (Das Biirgerliche Gesetzbuch.) SOURCES-PREPARATION-ADOPTION. The magnitude of an attempt to codify the German civil. laws can be adequately appreciated only by remembering that for more than fifteefn centuries central Europe was the world's arena for startling political changes radically involv- ing territorial boundaries and of necessity affecting private as well as public law. With no thought of presenting new data, but that the reader may properly marshall events for an accurate compre- hension of the irregular development of the law into the modem and concrete results, it is necessary to call attention to some of the political- and social factors which have been potent and conspicuous since the eighth century. Notwithstanding the boast of Charles the Great that he was both master of Europe and the chosen pr6pagandist of Christianity and despite his efforts in urging general accept- ance of the Roman law, which the Latinized Celts of the western and southern parts of his titular domain had orig- THE GERM AN CIVIL CODE. inally been forced to receive and later had willingly retained, upon none of those three points did the facts sustain his van- ity. He was constrained to recognize that beyond the Rhine there were great tribes, anciently nomadic, but for some cen- turies become agricultural when not engaged in their normal and chief occupation, war, who were by no means under his control. His missii or special commissioners to those people were not well received and his laws were not much respected.
    [Show full text]
  • {FREE} Napoleon Bonaparte Ebook
    NAPOLEON BONAPARTE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Gregory Fremont-Barnes,Peter Dennis | 64 pages | 25 May 2010 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781846034589 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom Napoleon Bonaparte - Quotes, Death & Facts - Biography They may have presented themselves as continental out of a desire for honor and distinction, but this does not prove they really were as foreign as they themselves often imagined. We might say that they grew all the more attached to their Italian origins as they moved further and further away from them, becoming ever more deeply integrated into Corsican society through marriages. This was as true of the Buonapartes as of anyone else related to the Genoese and Tuscan nobilities by virtue of titles that were, to tell the truth, suspect. The Buonapartes were also the relatives, by marriage and by birth, of the Pietrasentas, Costas, Paraviccinis, and Bonellis, all Corsican families of the interior. Napoleon was born there on 15 August , their fourth child and third son. A boy and girl were born first but died in infancy. Napoleon was baptised as a Catholic. Napoleon was born the same year the Republic of Genoa ceded Corsica to France. His father was an attorney who went on to be named Corsica's representative to the court of Louis XVI in The dominant influence of Napoleon's childhood was his mother, whose firm discipline restrained a rambunctious child. Napoleon's noble, moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time. When he turned 9 years old, [18] [19] he moved to the French mainland and enrolled at a religious school in Autun in January Napoleon was routinely bullied by his peers for his accent, birthplace, short stature, mannerisms and inability to speak French quickly.
    [Show full text]
  • How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia
    — Early draft. Please do not quote, cite, or redistribute without written permission of the authors. — How Britain Unified Germany: Geography and the Rise of Prussia After 1815∗ Thilo R. Huningy and Nikolaus Wolfz Abstract We analyze the formation oft he German Zollverein as an example how geography can shape institutional change. We show how the redrawing of the European map at the Congress of Vienna—notably Prussia’s control over the Rhineland and Westphalia—affected the incentives for policymakers to cooperate. The new borders were not endogenous. They were at odds with the strategy of Prussia, but followed from Britain’s intervention at Vienna regarding the Polish-Saxon question. For many small German states, the resulting borders changed the trade-off between the benefits from cooperation with Prussia and the costs of losing political control. Based on GIS data on Central Europe for 1818–1854 we estimate a simple model of the incentives to join an existing customs union. The model can explain the sequence of states joining the Prussian Zollverein extremely well. Moreover we run a counterfactual exercise: if Prussia would have succeeded with her strategy to gain the entire Kingdom of Saxony instead of the western provinces, the Zollverein would not have formed. We conclude that geography can shape institutional change. To put it different, as collateral damage to her intervention at Vienna,”’Britain unified Germany”’. JEL Codes: C31, F13, N73 ∗We would like to thank Robert C. Allen, Nicholas Crafts, Theresa Gutberlet, Theocharis N. Grigoriadis, Ulas Karakoc, Daniel Kreßner, Stelios Michalopoulos, Klaus Desmet, Florian Ploeckl, Kevin H.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Issued by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain
    Vol. XVIII No. 4 April, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN g FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD, (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N,W,3 Offiet and Consulting Hours: Telephone : MAIda Vale 909E/7 (General OIkce and Welfare for the Aged) Monday to Thursday 10 a.m.—1 p.m. 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annuallv licensed by thc L,C,C., and Social Services Dept.) fridaf 10 a.m.-l p.m. Robert Weltsch foreign governments received from their ambassadors very outspoken reports and that German ambassadors reported to Berlin THE FIRST OF APRIL desperately about the catastrophic impression made by the boycott. All this contributed to Thirty Years After the decision to confine the boycott to one day. After that, everything seemed to return to th ^''^^' °^ April is a memorable date in and the persecuted were the moral victors. " normal", Many Jews, to their own the history of German Jewry, For the first It is undeniable that determination to detriment, again inclined to illusions. That was time German Jews, as a collective, experienced moral resistance awoke at that time in the understandable, as it was by no means certain their complete helplessness before a ruthless Jews. The sensation created by the leader that the government would be able to continue toe who was out to destroy them physically in the Jiidische Rundschau —" Wear it its course. Nobody expected the Great Powers and morally. On this day. thirty years ago. with pride, the Yellow Badge "—was a proof to remain silent in face of all the provocations.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographischer Index
    2 Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg FB 1 – Jüdische Studien DFG-Projekt "Rabbinat" Prof. Dr. Michael Brocke Carsten Wilke Geographischer und quellenkundlicher Index zur Geschichte der Rabbinate im deutschen Sprachgebiet 1780-1918 mit Beiträgen von Andreas Brämer Duisburg, im Juni 1999 3 Als Dokumente zur äußeren Organisation des Rabbinats besitzen wir aus den meisten deutschen Staaten des 19. Jahrhunderts weder statistische Aufstellungen noch ein zusammenhängendes offizielles Aktenkorpus, wie es für Frankreich etwa in den Archiven des Zentralkonsistoriums vorliegt; die For- schungslage stellt sich als ein fragmentarisches Mosaik von Lokalgeschichten dar. Es braucht nun nicht eigens betont zu werden, daß in Ermangelung einer auch nur ungefähren Vorstellung von Anzahl, geo- graphischer Verteilung und Rechtstatus der Rabbinate das historische Wissen schwerlich über isolierte Detailkenntnisse hinausgelangen kann. Für die im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts durchgeführten Studien erwies es sich deswegen als erforderlich, zur Rabbinatsgeschichte im umfassenden deutschen Kontext einen Index zu erstellen, der möglichst vielfältige Daten zu den folgenden Rubriken erfassen soll: 1. gesetzliche, administrative und organisatorische Rahmenbedingungen der rabbinischen Amts- ausübung in den Einzelstaaten, 2. Anzahl, Sitz und territoriale Zuständigkeit der Rabbinate unter Berücksichtigung der histori- schen Veränderungen, 3. Reihenfolge der jeweiligen Titulare mit Lebens- und Amtsdaten, 4. juristische und historische Sekundärliteratur, 5. erhaltenes Aktenmaterial
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of Lebanon Philosophical Reflections on ‘Hope’ with References to Pierre Tielhard De Chardin and Giorgio La Pira
    European Journal of Science and Theology, December 2007, Vol.3, No.4, 23-31 _______________________________________________________________________ THE FUTURE OF LEBANON PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS ON ‘HOPE’ WITH REFERENCES TO PIERRE TIELHARD DE CHARDIN AND GIORGIO LA PIRA Edward Joseph Alam∗ Notre Dame University, PO Box 72, Zouk Mikael, Lebanon (Received 23 October 2007, revised 17 September 2008) Abstract The writings of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Gorgio La Pira go a long way in helping to define the enigmatic categories of progress and hope. By reflecting on how these two great intellectuals would have applied their insights to the situation in a country like modern Lebanon, the complex relationship between progress and hope emerges in an eschatological context set from the outset by the work of Immanuel Kant. The results of these reflections show both a complementary and oppositional relation with both La Pira and Teilhard de Chardin agreeing on the importance of the connection between the theological virtues of hope and love, but disagreeing radically on what it is that constitutes hope and progress. Keywords: evolution, progress, espoir, espérance, theological virtue, collective thinking, Cosmic Christ, history as freedom, eschatological possibilities Precisely two hundred and fifteen years ago, in one of his lesser know treatises, one of modern Europe’s greatest philosophers took up the question concerning the ultimate future of our human race. He reduced the possibilities to three: first, a more or less constant progression and ascent; second, a more or less constant regression and decline; and finally, a more or less unvarying persistence on a plane reached after a certain development had gone as far as it could.
    [Show full text]
  • El Paso Del Ebro Oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    EL PASO DEL EBRO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Trimestral sobre el red OOOOOOOOOO La primera guerra mundial, la segunda guerra mundial, l'actual guerra colonial, la próxima guerra del imperialismo americano-sionista y el revisionismo histórico OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Numéro 20, otoño de 2006 y invierno de 2007 000000000000000000000 <elrevisionista at yahoo.com.ar> ooooooooooooooooooooooooo http://revurevi.net http://aaargh.com.mx ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo El argumento de los negadores del Holocausto proviene de un adagio muy conocido: "La historia la escriben los vencedores". Humberto Caspa (Diario La estrella. Texas) Los intelectuales sostienen que la "verdad del Estado" no es "la verdad histórica" SUMARIO El Holocausto, según Teherán, Ana Carbajosa Conferencia de Teherán : vease http://aaargh.com.mx/fran/livres7/teheran/teheran.html o http://revurevi.net La conferencia de Teherán y los Faurisson [1] proisraelíes, Bruno Guigue Faurisson enfrenta al aparato judicial francés a un nuevo desafío Otra historia del Holocausto, César Hildebrandt Holocausto a debate, Henri Tincq Conferencia sobre el Holocausto, Thomas Erdbrink Sale el sol: es de noche, por Manuel Rodríguez Rivero ARMH pide que ley Memoria pene el 'negacionismo' de los crímenes franquistas Los palestinos, víctimas del holocausto y del negacionismo, Miguel Ángel Llana La religión cristiana y la Conferencia iraní sobre el Holocausto Carta abierta al Papa Benedicto XVl, Paul Grubach El yugo de Sión, Israel Adán Shamir ENTRE VICTORIA Y
    [Show full text]