BUILDING RESILIENCE IN COMPLEX CRISIS(BRICC) BASELINE REPORT MARCH 2020
Funded by the European Union Table of Contents
PROGRAM BACKGROUND ...... 3
Executive Summary 3
Research Methods 4
Research design and Rationale 4
Multi Phase Baseline Assessment 4
Research Approach 5
Study Population 5
Sampling Inclusion and Exclusion 6
Research tool, Techniques and Language 6
Participants Recruitment 7
Data Management, Analysis and Reporting 7
Presentation of Key findings 7
Conclusion 22
BRICC Logframe 28
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Funded by the European Union Program Background The European Union’s (EU) funded Building Resilience In Complex Crisis (BRICC) programme seek to build the absorptive and adaptive capacities of 26,875 households in Yobe state to be resilient to the shock and stresses of conflict, market disruptions, climate change and complex crisis. The programme will also transform the underlying casual dynamics to reduce the risks of future conflict by engaging communities and local leadership to create conditions to facilitate systemic change. Mercy Corps is leveraging its expertise in fostering resilience in complex environments both globally and in Northeast Nigeria, with its partners Cooperazione Internationale (COOPI) and the Danish Refugee Council (DRC)’s whose strong track record of relief and early recovery programs in Yobe state, will enable the consortium to rapidly start up and implement the BRICC program. BRICC’s ToC is IF communities most affected by conflict in Yobe state have improved social protection delivered through responsive, capable government, access to essential basic services and improved livelihood supported by robust markets, and IF key community leaders and government institutions manage resources, services and conflict peacefully and equitably while addressing drivers of participation of violence, THEN communities will achieve increasing well-being over time and experience the impacts of conflict less severely.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Building Resilience In Complex Crisis (BRICC) is a three years European Unioun(EU) funded program that aims to build the resilience of 26,875 households in Yobe State, to increase their ability to cope with the shocks and stresses of conflict, climate change and complex crisis, and transform the underlying causal dynamics to reduce the risk of future occurrence. The Baseline employed the use of multiple phased approach given the multiple sectorial scope of the Program using mixed method of Qualitative and Quantitative Data Collection. The Baseline Household survey questionnaire was administered to 423 respondents across the 6 LGAs of Damaturu, Potiskum, Gulani, Gujba, Geidam and Yunusari 18years and above using a Simple Random Sampling. The survey focused on Socio- Demographic Information, Disability, Diversification of Livelihoods, Social Cohesion, Resilience capacities, Access to financial services, Essential market system functions.
Key Findings from the Baseline Survey: From the analysis, 48% were female and 52%were male with the highest representation in the age category of 35years and above. Using the Washington Group set of question, analysis shows that 17.4%(46.4%female and 53.6%Male) are disabled. 25.0%(32.1%Female and 67.8%Male) Household demonstrating resilience capacity on how prepared they were before the insurgency, they ability to cope with the shocks and stress and recovery from shocks and stress 33.1%(57%Female and 42.1%Male) reported increased diversity of goods and services availability in shops or local markets 20.9%(41.6%female and 58.3%Male) demonstrate improved savings and financial literacy by community members. 34.4%(15.8female and 18.6male) Small Holder Farmers demonstrating improved Technical skills in Climate-Sensitive Knowledge in farming techniques.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design and Rationale
It is central to understand the complexities and interconnectedness of multiple interventions that are aimed at building the resilience of conflict affected household thereby increasing their ability to cope with shocks and stresses. It is on the basis that the Consortium conducted an in-house program baseline that focused on key areas different component of the program. The Consortium conducted a baseline to inform benchmark on key sectors to include but not limited to; Social Protection, Conflict and Peace building, Financial Service linkages, Climate smart Agriculture and Youth entrepreneurship. The baseline survey built on the expanded knowledge generated from the following inception assessments and information was used to design and shape the survey questionnaire
Multiple Phased Baseline Assessment Conducted Conflict Sensitivity Assessment: This assessment identified conflict sensitive issues 1) Insurgent attacks on the communities remains a major conflict threat to peace and security in the communities, 2) High level of kidnapping in the communities, 3) Increased Sexual and gender-based violence, 4) Lack of trust between adults and youth in the communities, 5) Cultural and ideological difference remains a dividing line across communities and 6) Perceived injustice leading to more violence.
Youth-Led Labour Market Assessment: the assessment was able to identify vocational training institutions and skills offered at each respective centers, identified information on vocational/skills training opportunities to include not limited to local artisan for placing apprentices, identified sectors with high potentials for job creation for youth and entrepreneurship opportunities and key capacities, constraints and incentives related to increase job creation and establish preference of youth in relation to their capacities and skills Gender Assessment: The Gender assessment was able to identify key differences as it relates to women, men and youth and specifically, it focused on roles and responsibilities as it regards both gender, resource allocation, decision making during stresses and shocks and how time is used by different gender. Financial Service Provider Mapping: The Financial Service Provider(FSP) Mapping was able to identify data that BRICC Program will leveraging on to understand the types and features of financial services and products that are tailored to the needs of the target participants and the delivery channels. Value Chain Assessment: Some of the findings from the VCA Assessment include; 1) There are decrease in yield of cultivated crops as a result of decrease in rainfall, 2) Women are mostly limited to menial jobs in agricultural production process and most of their farming activity are within their Home (Home gardening), 3) Inadequate provision of equipment to aid mechanized farming activities while available privately owned equipment for hire are expensive. In responding to the uprising need to build the capacities of communities to prevent and manage conflict related shocks and stresses in Yobe State, the program set of outcome indicators that will enable the accomplishment of their goal (BRICC- Build Resilience In Complex Crisis in Yobe States through absorptive, adaptive and Transformational capacities).
Research Approach
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Funded by the European Union The baseline assessment used a Quantitative design approach to gain understanding on baseline study objectives and this specifically used individual semi-structured survey format targeting households in programs targeted communities of BRICC programs and data collected will be used to plan and implement the program effectively. The baseline assessment focused on obtaining information on; Socio-Demographic Information, Disability, Diversification of Livelihoods, Social Cohesion, Resilience capacities, Access to financial services, Essential market system functions. . A random sample size of 423 drawn from a randomly selected interview respondent(Population) 1,145,800 within the selected enumeration areas targeted for program implementation. A pre-test of the research tools was conducted in a community outside implementation sites that had similar characteristics and target audience for the BRICC Program.
Study Population The state is dominated by the Kanuri, Hausa and Fulani and other smaller ethnic groups such as Karekare, Barbur. Yobe State consists of seventeen (17) Local Government Areas(LGAs) grouped into three Senatorial Districts with an estimated population of 3,294, 100 from the 2016 projected population. In addition, there are 14 emirate Councils, which advise the local governments on cultural and traditional matters. The baseline assessment was carried out in six(6) Local Government Areas in Yobe State; Damaturu, Potiskum, Gulani, Gujba, Geidam and Yunusari, specifically targeting population between the age of 18 and above of female and male youth, women, men drawn from the selected communities within the LGAs. In order to get the sample size of the population for the baseline assessment the formula below was adopted using the Mercy Corps sample size calculator;
Z2 (p * (1 – p)) * r n = def f e2
Where; n = sample size deff = design effect, usual assumed to be 2.0 z – z-score of confidence level (usually 1.96 or 1.645 corresponding to 95% or 90% respectively) p- Proportion of the population exhibiting characteristics of interest (determined from secondary data) 1-p – proportion of the population not exhibiting the character of interest r – Non-response rate (generally set to 1.1 corresponding to 10% but may change with context) e = margin of error (to be determined by survey design team, general rule of thumb is 0.10*p=e)
Below is the breakdown of interviews to be conducted across LGAs where the programme will be implemented.
LGA Total Population Sample Target/LGAs
Damaturu 124,500 46
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Potiskum 290700 107
Geidam 221,000 82
Yunusari 178,700 66
Gujba 184,000 68
Gulani 146,900 54
TOTAL 1,145,800 423
https://www.citypopulation.de/php/nigeria-admin.php?adm1id=nga036
Research tools, Techniques and Language The assessment survey questions were used and informed consent and confidentiality was sought from participants before commencement of data collection. The language used during data collection was the same as the major indigenous language research participants were comfortable speaking – Hausa, Kanuri and English. Where English language was preferred, questionaires were facilitated in English.
Tool Pre-Test Before the commencement of fieldwork, a pilot/field testing of the quantitative survey tool was conducted amongst similar particiapants based on similarity to a location sampled for the baseline assessment.. This pilot was carried out in community outside BRICC implementation sites. The pilot was done to assess the understanding of the questions by research participants, the flow of the different questions and the time needed to administer the questionnaires.
The tool pre-test provided the team opportunities to identify any contexual sensitivity and challenges that could arise during fieldwork in relation to appropriateness and usability of the instruments and addressed them accordingly.
Data Management, Analysis and Reporting All data was collected using Commcare and daily upload during data collection (with appropriate consent of participants). Quantative data was analysed with MS Excel using the analysis framework that was developed for the study. The data was collected using the mobile platform which hosted the data collection tool (commcare). The baseline qantitative quationnaire was uploaded to commcare and information collected later extracted to excel to provide further analysis.
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Presentation of Key Findings
Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Assessing the demographic characteristics of respondents to understand their needs, challenges or barriers to accessing services and products that will improve their resilience, the baseline considered a few options to include, not limited to; Gender, age, location, and ethnicity.
Table 1. Number and Percent of Respondent during Baseline Disaggregated by Sex and Age(n=439) Age Group # of Female % of Female # of Male % of Male Total 18-19years 3 37.5% 5 62.5% 8 20-24years 13 59.1% 9 40.9% 22 25-34years 83 70.9% 34 29.1% 117 35+years 111 38.0% 181 62.0% 292 Total 210 47.8% 229 52.2% 439
Results from Table 1, show a total of 439 participants were administered for the Household survey of which 210(48%) were female and 229(52%) were male. 35+years had the highest representation of respondents 66.5%% (38.0%female and 62.0%Male) and 18-19years having the least representation of respondents 1.8%(0.7%female and 1.1%female)
Table 2. Percentage of Respondents Ethnicity by Location of the BRICC 6 LGAs Ethnic Group Damaturu Geidam Gujba Gulani Potiskum Yunusari Grand Total Bade 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.5% Bolewa 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 1.5% 0.5% Bura 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 26.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.6% Fulani 6.4% 21.7% 32.3% 24.7% 12.1% 7.5% 17.5% Hausa 19.1% 22.9% 14.5% 6.8% 13.1% 9.0% 14.1% Kanuri 68.1% 54.2% 43.5% 11.0% 0.9% 82.1% 38.3% Karai-karai 2.1% 0.0% 4.8% 4.1% 40.2% 0.0% 11.4% Ngamo 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 1.4% 2.8% 0.0% 1.1% Others 2.1% 0.0% 0.0% 26.0% 29.0% 0.0% 11.6% Shuwa 2.1% 0.0% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5%
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Funded by the European Union Results from Table 2 show percentage of respondent ethnicity by location of the Local Government Area of BRICC implementation. Data will help guide BRICC implementation in understanding the sociocultural sensitivity and tailoring of activities using the local languages as it cuts across geographical locations; 38.3% speak Kanuri however this varies across locations with the highest in Yunusari LGA 82.1% with the least 0.9% in Potiskum LGA.
Table 3. Disability Status of Respondent
Disability Domain female male Total Vision impairment 26.2% 30.1% 28.2% Hearing impairment 19.5% 17.5% 18.5% Mobility impairment 23.8% 29.3% 26.7% Cognitive impairment 5.7% 5.7% 5.7% Self-Care impairment 16.2% 13.1% 14.6% Communication impairment 10.0% 11.8% 10.9% Indicator Value 46.4% 53.6% 17.4%
Results from Table 3. show that 17.4%(46.4%female and 53.6%Male) reported at least one form of disability using the Washington Group standards.
Disability as an umbral term refers to problems such as impairment, activity limitation or participation restriction that indicate the negative aspects of functioning. The Washington Group(WG) also agreed that measurement of disability is associated with variety of purposes which relates to different dimensions of disabilities or different conceptual components of disability models. The Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS) as adopted by BRICC program baseline survey focused on six domains; vision impairment, Hearing impairment, Mobility impairment, Cognitive impairment, Self-care impairment and Communication impairment. From Table 3.1, 28.2% had vision impairment, 18.5% had hearing impairment, 26.7% had mobility impairment, 14.6% had self-care impairment and 10.9% had communication impairment. Understanding if the disability status of community functioning will help the BRICC Program better understand and respond to the risk that an individual may face and in turn, a better understanding of the overall risk, or risk profile, of the community. Also increasing age is associated with increasing prevalence of vision impairment in Northern Nigeria as 35+years accounted for 33.7%female and 27.9%male of the 28.2% vision impairment.
Impact 1: % of targeted population reporting diversified livelihoods
Table 4. % of Target Population reporting diversified Livelihoods
No No Total Yes Yes Total Grand Total LGAs Female Male Female Male Damaturu 12.8% 0.0% 12.8% 36.2% 51.1% 87.2% 100.0% Geidam 25.3% 10.8% 36.1% 30.1% 33.7% 63.9% 100.0%
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Results from Table 4 show that 79.5%(33.4%Female and 46%Male) reported diversification in livelihoods. Rural livelihoods diversification has generally occurred as a result of an increased importance of off-farm labor in Households livelihood or through the development of new forms of on-farm/on-site production of non-conventional marketable commodities. Regards to livelihoods it is worthy to mention that gender plays a major role in diversification as seen in Damaturu LGA of the 79.5%, 87.2%(36.2%Female and 51.1%Male) are involved in diversification and due to sociocultural issues in urban settlement. Also in Gujba 83.9% shows diversification of livelihoods with nearly equal proportion of Female and Male (40.3%Female and 43.5%Male) and this resonate with the Gender assessment findings. To assess the resilience strategy of communities by which Households respond to shocks and stress using diversification activities and social support capabilities in order to survive and improve their standards of living, respondents reported diversification in Livestock rearing 25.1%, Crop farming 24.1%, food processing, Tailoring, Automobile ranked among the activities they engage for diversification. Building resilience seems a common reaction to mounting humanitarian needs in communities where much crisis was created, not by short-term emergencies that swiftly pass, but by long-term stress. Diversification of livelihoods and resilience building such as climate smart agriculture, access to financial services and youth empowerment seems the obvious answer when emergency response is often used to reach crises which were predicted and preventable, and where it is increasingly hard to make a sensible distinction between reoccurring and acute problems.
Impact 2: % of targeted population reporting greater social cohesion in their communities
Table 5. Social Cohesion
In regards to someone from your religion or Female Male Total ethnic group will you feel comfortable if Inter Marriage among religion/ethnic group 63.3% 69.9% 66.7%
In regards with someone from your 83.3% 83.8% 83.6% religion/ethnic group will you feel comfortable if they work in your farm Comfortable paying them watch over livestock 81.9% 86.9% 84.5%
Sharing same water point 83.8% 87.3% 85.6%
Trading goods 84.3% 86.9% 85.6%
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Invite each other for naming ceremony 81.4% 87.8% 84.7%
Invite for Eid or Christmas/social event 76.2% 82.5% 79.5%
sharing public facility 85.2% 88.2% 86.8%
children playing together 85.2% 90.0% 87.7%
Indicator value 81.0% 84.6% 82.8%
Results from Table 5 show that 82.8%(81.0%Female and 84.6%Male) social cohesion among groups in the communities. The survey used series of questions to ascertain social cohesion in the community; Marriages among religion and ethnic groups, working in farm by someone from other religion/ethnic groups, watching over livestock by someone from other religion/ethnic group, sharing same water point with other religion/ethnic group, trading of goods among religion/ethnic groups, lending money to someone from other religion/ethnic groups, inviting others religion/ethnic group for ceremonies, inviting others for Eid or Christmas or social event, sharing of public facilities, children from other religion/ethnic group playing with each other. Of the 82.8%, 87%(85%Female and 90.0%Male) agreed for their children to play together irrespective of the religious or ethnic difference and also 66.7%(63.3%Female and 69.9%Male) agreed to inter religious or ethnic group marriage among each other. As already identified by the Conflict Sensitivity Assessment, there is need to build community cohesion within and across communities through cultural festivities which will build more relationships and network and strengthening interfaith relationship and also providing more access to socioeconomic activities in order to reduce the vulnerabilities of the community members. Again, involving more women in religious and ethnic group activities will not only build their resilience alone but also the larger community as their roles will not only be to respond to religious related issues but also the sexual and gender based violence as they are more affected during disaster.
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SO1. Vulnerable and conflict-affected communities secured their immediate recovery needs, improved savings, and have improved access to basic health, WaSH, and nutrition services.
SO1.2: % of HH reached with resilience-building interventions demonstrating resilience capacities SO1.4: % of female and male target participants reporting increased trust in government
Table 6. Household Resilience Capacity
Prepared for Shock and HH ability Cope with HH Ability to recover Indicator value Stress Shock and Stress from Shock and Stress LGAs female male Total female male Total female male Total Female Male Total Damaturu 8.5% 21.3% 29.8% 8.5% 12.8% 21.3% 17.0% 25.5% 42.6% 36.3% 63.6% 13.3% Geidam 2.4% 10.8% 13.3% 4.8% 12.0% 16.9% 4.8% 22.9% 27.7% 20.8% 79.1% 14.5% Gujba 4.8% 19.4% 24.2% 6.5% 17.7% 24.2% 9.7% 21.0% 30.6% 26.5% 73.4% 14.8% Gulani 9.6% 31.5% 41.1% 11.0% 28.8% 39.7% 8.2% 28.8% 37.0% 24.4% 75.5% 26.0% Potiskum 6.5% 2.8% 9.3% 5.6% 2.8% 8.4% 5.6% 0.9% 6.5% 73.0% 26.9% 7.8% Yunusari 14.9% 26.9% 41.8% 11.9% 25.4% 37.3% 13.4% 22.4% 35.8% 35.0% 64.9% 23.3% Grand 7.5% 17.1% 24.6% 7.7% 15.5% 23.2% 8.9% 18.5% 27.3% 32.1% 67.8% 25.0% Total
This section illustrates how Households in the community prepare, cope and recovered to shock and stress within the community. Social networks and community cohesion, power and marginalization, and risk tolerance each played a key role in determining a household’s resilience. Results from Table 6 show the resilience capacities of Households with BRICC Program intervention. Overall, 25.0%(32.1%Female and 67.8%Male) demonstrated resilience capacities.
Prepared for shock and Stress: 24.6%(7.5%female and 17.1%Male) responded they are prepared for shocks and stress with 9.3%(6.5%Female and 2.8%Male) least prepared and female being more prepared to shocks and stress as revealed by the data in Potiskum. Also 41.8%(14.9%female and 26.9%Male) in Yunusari said they are prepared for shocks and stress. Household ability to cope with shocks and stress: Overall, 23.2%(7.7%Female and 15.5%male) indicated their household has the ability to cope with shocks and stress and this indicator gender gap with ability to cope with shocks and stress as they are more vulnerable. By geographical location, Potiskum has the least ability- 8.4%(5.6%Female and 2.8%Male to cope with shocks and stress and in
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Funded by the European Union Gulani LGA Household has the ability to cope with shocks and stress even though the LGA is one of the most frequent attacked by AOGs Household Ability to recover from Shocks and Stresses: 27.3%(8.9Female and 18.5%Male) indicated they have the ability to recover from shocks and stress. Again Potiskum showing the least ability to recover from shocks and stress-6.5%(5.6%Female and 0.9%Male) and Damaturu LGA showing the highest ability to recover from shocks and stress-42.6%(17.0%Female and 25.5%Male). Conflict Sensitivity Assessment shows that in spite the shocks and stress being faced and the multifaceted conflict, community in one way or the other are able to cope and strive. As part of the coping strategy, a number of community members, youth are engaged in farming for commercial purpose and others are hired to farm for others. There is need to continuous multisector approach to address the root causes and drives of conflict. Activities that addresses the drivers of conflict will be taken into cognizance in order to ensure that activities are both conflict sensitive and help build household response abilities to conflict and other forms of shocks they face.
Figure 1. HH Coping Strategy to shocks and stress in the last 6months
Results from Figure 4 indicate respondents coping up strategy to shocks and stress in the last six months with 18% selling off their assets as a coping up strategy to shocks and stress, 14.6% depended on Non- Governmental Organization(NGOs) for support, 13.2% resorted to borrowing and trusting in God, 9.1% resorted to their livelihoods (animal and crops) and 8.7% starting using their savings to cope up with the shocks and stress.
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SO1.4: % of female and male participants reporting increased trust in government
Table 7. Community Members taking action to share concern with Govt' Officials. LGAs no yes Don't know Grand Total Damaturu 44.7% 53.2% 2.1% 100.0% Geidam 51.8% 26.5% 21.7% 100.0% Gujba 46.8% 33.9% 19.4% 100.0% Gulani 49.5% 38.4% 12.3% 100.0% Potiskum 64.5% 15.0% 20.6% 100.0% Yunusari 28.4% 38.8% 32.8% 100.0% Grand Total 49.4% 31.4% 19.1% 100.0%
From table 7, respondents were asked whether anyone they knew tried to take action to share concerns with Government officials in the last six months. Nearly one-third (31.4%) responded with yes and 49.4% responded that they never took any action to share concerns with Government officials and 19.1% respondents said they didn’t know. Sharing of concerns with Government Officials will being about the desired accountability of Government to these communities and their concerns will be used to address policies within the state and BRICC program through the Yobe State Government is building trust among communities of intervention
Table 8. Sharing of Concerns verbally or written to Govt' Officials
LGAs Don't know No Yes verbal Yes written Total Damaturu 0.0% 0.0% 62.5% 37.5% 100.0% Geidam 13.6% 9.1% 72.7% 4.5% 100.0% Gujba 6.7% 0.0% 60.0% 33.3% 100.0% Gulani 3.8% 0.0% 42.3% 53.8% 100.0% Potiskum 13.3% 0.0% 53.3% 33.3% 100.0% Yunusari 0.0% 0.0% 91.7% 8.3% 100.0% Grand Total 5.9% 1.7% 64.4% 28.0% 100.0%
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Results from Table 8 show participants that responded yes in Table 7. The survey seeks to understand the method of sharing their concerns with the government officials and participants that were asked whether they were able to share their concerns to government verbally or written, of the 31.4% that responded that Government took actions, 64.4% responded Yes-Verbally sharing their concerns with Government officials and 28% said they shared their concerns with government in a written form. Other media through which concerns were shared included Town hall meetings, Political meetings, Women meetings, youth meetings and good governance committee. The BRICC Program through its activities will build the capacity of Stakeholders in Alternate Dispute Resolution in identifying conflict, how to resolve conflict and how to communicate with community members as well as the Government.
Figure 2. Target participants reporting Increased Trust in Government
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Funded by the European Union Trust in government has been identified as one of the most important foundations upon which the legitimacy and sustainability of political systems are built. Trust is essential for social cohesion and well- being as it affects governments’ ability to govern and enables them to act without having to resort Trust in government represents to coercion. A high level of trust in government will confidence of citizens in the actions of a increase the efficiency and effectiveness of government operations. government to do what is right and perceived fair At a broad level, trust in government builds on two main components: Social trust, that represents citizens’ confidence in their social community; and political trust, when citizens appraise government and its institutions. Results from Figure 2 show that 25.4%(13.9%male and 14.4%female) have increased trust in government. Participants were asked questions around sharing concerns directly with government, media through which such concerns were shared with government, government understanding of community concerns and the level of confidence that government is committed to addressing their community needs.
SO2: Vulnerable and conflict-affected communities have restored and improved livelihoods that are more resilient to conflict and ecological shocks and stress SO2.1: % of male/female programme participants/vendors reporting increased diversity of goods/services available in shops or local markets
Table 9. Market Availability in the Community LGAs No Yes Grand Total Damaturu 61.7% 38.3% 100.0% Geidam 7.2% 92.8% 100.0% Gujba 4.8% 95.2% 100.0% Gulani 2.7% 97.3% 100.0% Potiskum 27.1% 72.9% 100.0% Yunusari 37.3% 62.7% 100.0% Grand Total 21.4% 78.6% 100.0% A market refers to a place where two parties can gather to facilitate the exchange of goods and services and in assessing the availability of market with communities of BRICC intervention, results from Table 9 show that 78.6% responded to having markets in their communities while 21.4% responded No to not having markets in their communities. Of the 21.4% that responded there are no markets in their communities, and reasons for these is highlighted in Figure 4 below as 60% said they never had markets, 27% said their markets were closed down, 12% said there are no markets due to conflicts and ,1% said
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Funded by the European Union their market was burnt down and also Yunusari LGA is among the most hit LGA by the insurgency and as could be deduced from Fig 6, 5.7% do not have market in their communities and this pose a challenge of where to sell their produce as diversification of livelihood tends to increase due to interventions. The BRICC Program through its activities will restore essential markets that will improve greater access for vulnerable population to market for quality inputs and services, and improve on-farm agricultural production.
Figure 4. Reasons for Unavailable Market
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Funded by the European Union Figure 5. Types of Goods Available in the Market
Results from Figure 5 show the varieties of commodities in the market, 84.5% were food commodities, 4.3%livestocks, 3.2% clothing and 2.3% building materials. Types of food that are mostly in demand in the market include cereals, vegetables, legumes and nuts, fish and seafood and this indicate that in the areas where the survey was conducted, Agriculture is the major Income Generating Activities and this create demand for building capacity of farmers on climate smart agriculture
Table 100. Availability of food that are mostly in demand
Row Labels no yes Grand Total Damaturu 22.2% 77.8% 100.0% Geidam 6.4% 93.6% 100.0% Gujba 5.0% 95.0% 100.0% Gulani 11.3% 88.7% 100.0% Potiskum 0.0% 100.0% 100.0% Yunusari 45.2% 54.8% 100.0% Grand Total 11.2% 88.8% 100.0% Participants were asked if the foods that are mostly in demand are regularly available in the market 88.7% responded Yes and 11.3% responded No. Of the 11.2% in Yunusari LGA, 45.2% said for the food that are mostly in demand, they are not regularly available in the market and this is partly associated with
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Funded by the European Union AOG attack with the region as farmers often transport their food to other location to sell. Again, all respondent in Potiskum LGA agreed to availability of food that are most in demand and this is partly attributed to the fact that the LGA boarded by other states that continuously flood the market with goods and services.
Table 11. % of male/female programme participants/vendors reporting increased diversity of goods/services available in shops or local markets
Diversification Domain Female Male Total Types of food item changes in the last 6months 53.8% 35.8% 44.6% Types of Nonfood items for sale changes in the last 6months 47.9% 33.0% 40.3% Availability(Volume) changed in the last 6months 49.7% 35.2% 42.3% Variety of goods in the market changed compared to the last 6months 47.3% 35.2% 41.2% Indicator Value 57.8% 42.1% 33.1%
In assessing the diversification of goods and services in local markets, results from Table 9 indicate that 33.1%(57%Female and 42.1%Male) reported increased diversity of goods and services availability in shops or local markets. As shown in the Table 11, the role of female gender in diversification of goods and services, women are more involved in diversification of goods and services in local market compared to men which resonates with the findings from the Gender Assessment- women are more inclined to selling of agricultural products as opposed to farming as an Income Generation Activity(IGA)This diversification supports multiple businesses within the community and flexibility which implies that should a price of goods and services plummet, the vendors remain insulated and this resonates to ability of withstanding shocks and stress should they occur. Also when there is low demand of certain products within the communities, the vendor has that flexibility to meet the demand of the consumers and also boost their profitability. Therefore, targeting women for diversification of goods and services will be considered by the BRICC Program.
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Funded by the European Union iO3: Women, youth, and adolescents have greater access to financial services iO3.2: % of SLGs demonstrating increased financial literacy
Table 12. % of Savings and Loan Groups Demonstrating increased financial literacy
Do you have a group savings Damaturu Geidam Gujba Gulani Potiskum Yunusari Total account Female 27.7% 0.0% 3.2% 4.1% 2.8% 25.4% 8.7% Male 0.0% 2.4% 11.3% 11.0% 12.1% 22.4% 10.3% Total 27.7% 2.4% 14.5% 15.1% 15.0% 47.8% 18.9% Do you have a saving account Female 12.8% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 6.0% 3.4% Male 4.3% 3.6% 16.1% 11.0% 14.0% 22.4% 12.1% Total 17.0% 4.8% 16.1% 11.0% 17.8% 28.4% 15.5% Have you ever obtain a loan Female 48.9% 3.6% 11.3% 8.2% 2.8% 29.9% 14.1% Male 23.4% 4.8% 11.3% 17.8% 6.5% 31.3% 14.4% Total 72.3% 8.4% 22.6% 26.0% 9.3% 61.2% 28.5% Indicator Value Female 76.3% 30.7% 27.2% 23.6% 22.2% 44.5% 41.6% Male 23.6% 69.2% 72.7% 76.3% 77.7% 55.4% 58.3% Total 19.9% 4.7% 11.9% 13.7% 16.3% 33.3% 20.9%
Overall, Table 12 demonstrate improved savings by community members, 20.95%(41.6%females and 58.3%Males) showed increased financial literacy. Saving accounts are basic types of bank accounts that allow an individual to deposit money, keep it safe and withdraw fund. Participants were assessed to know if they have group accounts with any financial institutions and 18.9%(8.7%females and 10.3%Males) of respondents said Yes they have saving accounts with financial institutions and 15.5%(3.4%females and 12.1%Males) said they have individual accounts with a financial institution, also, respondent were asked if they ever applied to obtain loan and 28.5%(14.1%Female and 14.4%Male) responded Yes they ever applied for loan. The essence of having a savings account supports a Poor Vulnerable Household in attaining financial freedom aside an emergency fund, and have access to credit and loans to support in starting a new business, expand already existing businesses. From the data above, it is worthy to note the gender disparity regarding account ownership with financial institutions and this is partly due to inability or difficulty in reaching women through the usual channels that target men in north east Nigeria, social norms constrain women’s demand for financial services and women having less access to technology. There are also gender gaps regarding access to financial service providers as shown in Geidam 4.7%(30.7%Female and 69.2%Male) and in Gujba LGA 11.9%(27.2%Female and 72.7%Male) which implies that female do not have access to financial services such as having individual/group accounts with financial service providers even though due to insurgency, banks within these LGAs were destroyed and they travel far distance to other LGAs to access financial products. The BRICC Program
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Funded by the European Union through its activities will be ensure community members have access to financial services via Savings and Loan Groups, Linkages of these Groups to Financial Service Providers
iO4: Essential market system functions restored and improved resulting in greater access for vulnerable populations to markets for quality inputs and services, and improved on-farm agricultural production iO4.1: # of female and male farmers demonstrating increased technical skills and climate-sensitive knowledge in farming techniques.
Table 13. SHF Demonstrating improved Technical Skills in Climate-Sensitive knowledge in farming techniques
Modern Land Improved Seed Improved Storage Indicator Value preparation device LGAs female male Total female male Total female male Total Female Male Total Damaturu 2.1% 0.0% 2.1% 2.1% 27.7% 29.8% 6.4% 29.8% 36.2% 15.6% 84.3% 10.5% Geidam 4.8% 14.5% 19.3% 15.7% 1.2% 16.9% 19.3% 3.6% 22.9% 67.3% 32.6% 16.1% Gujba 6.5% 1.6% 8.1% 3.2% 3.2% 6.5% 21.0% 17.7% 38.7% 57.5% 42.4% 10.8% Gulani 1.4% 5.5% 6.8% 0.0% 2.7% 2.7% 15.1% 13.7% 28.8% 42.8% 57.1% 9.2% Potiskum 12.1% 17.8% 29.9% 9.3% 6.5% 15.9% 9.3% 19.6% 29.0% 41.2% 58.7% 26.4% Yunusari 11.9% 20.9% 32.8% 1.5% 16.4% 17.9% 32.8% 37.3% 70.1% 38.2% 61.7% 26.7% Grand 7.1% 11.4% 18.5% 6.2% 8.2% 14.4% 17.1% 19.1% 36.2% 43.8% 56.1% 23.0% Total
Analysis from Table 13 show that 23.0%(43.8%Female and 56.1%Male) demonstrated using improved farming techniques. The survey questions seek to understand modern land preparation techniques used by farmers, what types of seed they plant and if they ever used storage devices. 18.5%(7.1%Female and 11.4%Male) responded Yes they have used modern equipment in land preparation, 14.4%(6.2%Female and 8.2%Male) said they have ever used improved seeds in their farms and also 36.2%(17.1%Female and 19.1Male) reported ever using improved storage device. The findings also resonate with the Value Chain Assessment in which farmers reported ever using modern land preparation method such as the use of Ox- Ploughing, ever used farmers saved seeds and genetically modified seeds and the use of PIT bag from ADP Yobe state. The BRICC program through the agricultural component will train Agric Extension Workers and ADP staff on Climate Smart agriculture, crop rotation, application of integrated pest management will be cascaded to lead farmers and small holder farmers and creating linkages for farmers to have better access to tools and new technologies and farming practices that will enable them produce more with less to improve yield of crops and livestock.
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Funded by the European Union
Table 14. Use of Fertilizer, Pesticides, Post Harvest handing and Irrigation Farming Practices by SHF
no no Total yes yes Total Grand Total LGAs female male female male Damaturu 10.6% 2.1% 12.8% 38.3% 48.9% 87.2% 100.0% Geidam 26.5% 31.3% 57.8% 28.9% 13.3% 42.2% 100.0% Gujba 22.6% 11.3% 33.9% 25.8% 40.3% 66.1% 100.0% Gulani 16.4% 9.6% 26.0% 26.0% 47.9% 74.0% 100.0% Potiskum 33.6% 3.7% 37.4% 13.1% 49.5% 62.6% 100.0% Yunusari 3.0% 0.0% 3.0% 41.8% 55.2% 97.0% 100.0% Grand Total 20.7% 10.3% 31.0% 27.1% 41.9% 69.0% 100.0% Ever used Pesticides in your farm Damaturu 8.5% 8.5% 17.0% 40.4% 42.6% 83.0% 100.0% Geidam 31.3% 34.9% 66.3% 24.1% 9.6% 33.7% 100.0% Gujba 12.9% 9.7% 22.6% 35.5% 41.9% 77.4% 100.0% Gulani 16.4% 12.3% 28.8% 26.0% 45.2% 71.2% 100.0% Potiskum 37.4% 21.5% 58.9% 9.3% 31.8% 41.1% 100.0% Yunusari 4.5% 0.0% 4.5% 40.3% 55.2% 95.5% 100.0% Grand Total 21.2% 16.2% 37.4% 26.7% 36.0% 62.6% 100.0% Practice Post Harvest Handling Damaturu 36.2% 27.7% 63.8% 12.8% 23.4% 36.2% 100.0% Geidam 33.7% 27.7% 61.4% 21.7% 16.9% 38.6% 100.0% Gujba 25.8% 25.8% 51.6% 22.6% 25.8% 48.4% 100.0% Gulani 27.4% 32.9% 60.3% 15.1% 24.7% 39.7% 100.0% Potiskum 38.3% 35.5% 73.8% 8.4% 17.8% 26.2% 100.0% Yunusari 14.9% 16.4% 31.3% 29.9% 38.8% 68.7% 100.0% Grand Total 30.1% 28.5% 58.5% 17.8% 23.7% 41.5% 100.0% Irrigation Farming Practice Damaturu 40.4% 46.8% 87.2% 8.5% 4.3% 12.8% 100.0% Geidam 37.3% 41.0% 78.3% 18.1% 3.6% 21.7% 100.0% Gujba 43.5% 35.5% 79.0% 4.8% 16.1% 21.0% 100.0% Gulani 38.4% 35.6% 74.0% 4.1% 21.9% 26.0% 100.0% Potiskum 38.3% 16.8% 55.1% 8.4% 36.4% 44.9% 100.0% Yunusari 31.3% 25.4% 56.7% 13.4% 29.9% 43.3% 100.0% Grand Total 38.0% 31.7% 69.7% 9.8% 20.5% 30.3% 100.0%
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Funded by the European Union Results from Table 14 show SHF use and application of fertilizers, Pesticides, Post-harvest handling and irrigation farming;. 69.0%(27.1%females and 41.9%males) responded ever using fertilizer on their farms with Potiskum and Yunusari LGAs using fertilizer during farming compared to other LGAs. 62%(26.7%females and 36%males) responded ever using pesticides on their farms with Yunusari and Gulani using more of the pesticides 14.6% and 11.8% respectively. 41.5%(17.8%females and 23.7%males) responded ever using post-harvest handling with high rate usage in Yunusari and Geidam 10.5% and 7.3% respectively. 30.3%(9.8%females and 20.5%males) responded practicing irrigation farming in their communities and more of the irrigation farming is observed in Potiskum LGA with 10.9% and this is associated with availability of water with the region and available of farming technologies as farmers improvise using water pump when the demand for an agricultural product is high.
Table 155. Planting methods used by SHF
Planting Methods Female Male Grand Total Heap making 11.76% 88.24% 100.00% Line planting 45.20% 54.80% 100.00% others_specify 92.75% 7.25% 100.00% Ploughing 30.10% 69.90% 100.00% Grand Total 47.84% 52.16% 100.00%
Various methods of planting are practices in crop farming by Small Holder farmers with the goal of producing large yields of seed with a high germination rate and with greater return on investment on his farm. Results from Table 14 show planting methods in BRICC Program location. 56.9%(25.7%-females and 31.2%-males) practice Line Planting method due to the access to cattle and this reduces the burden of labor and the use of donkeys and cattle for the purpose of farming on large land. 23.5%(7.1%-females and 16.4%-males) practice ploughing method and few practice Heap making 3.9%(0.5%-females and 3.4%-males) as the types of crops planted in the region are mostly cereals and few legumes as such the low number of heap making.
CONCLUSION Based on the evidence from the analysis in sections above, it is clear that Households in the Six LGAs of intervention are facing some significant challenge as a result of exposure to conflict shocks in Yobe State and frequent attack by AOG resulting in loss of livelihoods and negative coping mechanism. Despite the effect of conflict on household well being, there are evidence of key characteristics that seems to make household more resilient to the effect of the conflict.
Below are key points to explain these dynamics;
People with Disability(PWD): Establishing a system that support social inclusion of PWD will be prioritize and these systems will realize the prosperous livelihoods in the communities of intervention. BRICC Program will also be working with PWD and as 17.4% of 26,875 of the program beneficiaries(participants) will be PWD and will be involved in the different component of the program and their capacities will be built to be able to withstand shocks and stresses as well as diversification of their livelihood.
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Funded by the European Union Data has reveal that conflict in Yobe State remains multifaceted and needs a continuous multisector approach in addressing the root causes and drivers of conflict in the state. Since 25.0%(32.1Female and 67.8%Male) show resilience capacities, and also showing gender disparity, program activities will take into cognizance this difference and will be intentional in bridging the gap by involving more women in activities that will build their resilience such as preparedness to shocks and stress, coping strategies during shocks and stress and recovery strategies after a shocks and or stress.
Vulnerable and Conflict affected households having access to improved livelihoods that are more resilient to conflict and as already identified by the baseline that 33.1%(57%Female and 42.1%male) reported increase diversification of goods and services in local markets, the BRICC program will strengthen poor vulnerable household to have diversification to livelihoods such as on farm and off farm opportunities, creating access to inputs and training market information and also linking farmers to premium traders.
Access to financial literacy and product is limited in the areas of implementation of the BRICC program and as shown in the baseline 20.9%(41.6%Female and 58.3%Male) demonstrated improved savings and financial literacy due to AOG attack and destructions of microfinance institutions within these LGAs access to financial services is scarce as such the BRICC program will be creating or strengthening Saving and Loan Groups with communities using sharia compliant guide as this will bridge the gap of unavailability to microfinance institutions as community members will have access to take loans from the group to start, restart a business to diversify their livelihoods.
The BRICC Program through activities will restore essential markets within the six LGAs of intervention by negotiating a number of benefits for Small holder farmers such as access to inputs, and training on market information, higher prices of goods and services through bulk purchasing and since only 23.0% showed improved technical skills in climate smart agriculture it is imperative to build the capacity of small holder farmers in climate smart agriculture and post-harvest management.
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Funded by the European Union
Logframe matrix of the project The logframe matrix should evolve during the project lifetime: new lines can be added for listing new activities as well as new columns for intermediary targets (milestones) when it is relevant and values will be regularly updated in the column foreseen for reporting purpose (see “current value”).
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Funded by the European Union Results chain Indicators Baseline Current value Targets Sources and Assumptions (March2020) Reference date(March (incl. reference year) means of 2020) verification
Y1 Y2 Y3
Overall Objective: To support early % of targeted Total- 79.5% N/A N/A 30% by Baseline, recovery from, and build resilience population reporting Female-33.5% end of Midterm, and to, conflict in affected and diversified livelihoods Male -46% programm Endline vulnerable communities in Yobe e (2022) Assessments State. Damaturu- 87.2% Potiskum-78.5% Gujba-83.9% Gulani-84.9% Geidam-63.9% Yunusari-85.1%
N/A % of targeted Total- 82.8% N/A 10% by
Overall objective: Impact objective: Overall population reporting Female-81.0% end of greater social Male -84.6% programm cohesion in their e (2022) communities Damaturu-92.8% Potiskum-97.3% Gujba- 65.9% Gulani- 68.9% Geidam- 85.4% Yunusari- 94.9%
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Funded by the European Union SO1: Vulnerable and conflict- % and # of female TBD N/A N/A 80% by Baseline, The security affected communities secure their and male target Female-0 end of Midterm and situation in Yobe immediate recovery needs, improve participants reporting Male -0 programm Endline will remain savings, and have improved access a shift in most urgent e (2022) Assessments relatively stable Ongoing positive to basic health, WaSH, and nutrition needs from basic Damaturu- relationships with services. survival to recovery Potiskum- key actors in target Gujba- communities will be Gulani- maintained, Geidam- allowing sufficient Yunusari- access to implement the programme Data will be There will be no collected in Year major 2 from program environmental or participants ecological disasters (e.g., drought or
flooding) requiring To be STRESS significant
humanitarian % of HH reached with Total- 25.0% determine community risk intervention resilience-building Female-32.1% d following and resource Local government interventions Male -67.8% start up mapping/assess officials and other demonstrating assessme ment local leaders Outcome(s) resilience capacities Damaturu-13.3% nt (traditional, Potiskum-7.8% community, and
Specific objective(s): Specific Gujba- 14.8% religious) will be supportive of the Gulani-26.0% programme and Geidam- 14.5% cooperate with its Yunusari-23.3% activities throughout the implementation % and # of Total 93%(28) 30 70% by Community period, and agree communities Damaturu-5 end of Action Planning to maintain completed projects successfully N/A Potiskum-5 programm tools Sensitization implementing Gujba-5 e (2022) sessions enable community resilience Gulani-5 beneficiaries to plans to respond to Geidam-4 gain the knowledge shocks or stresses Yunusari-4 to successfully participate in programming Community
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Funded by the European Union members are To be Satisfaction and willing to conduct % of female and male Total- 25.4% N/A N/A determine behaviour dialogues across lines of division target participants Female-11.4% d following change survey Livelihood grants reporting increased Male –13.9% start up and training are trust in government assessme applied by Damaturu- 27.4% nt identified Potiskum-23.1% beneficiaries on Gujba- 27.2% resilient livelihood Gulani-20.8% activities Geidam- 27.3% Market conditions will be favourable Yunusari- 26.7% enough to accommodate new small businesses or employment (formal or informal) 75% by Market Skilled vocational SO2: Vulnerable and conflict- % of male/female Total- 33.1% N/A N/A programm assessment trainers are available in affected communities have restored programme Female-57.8% e end report, Post operating areas and improved livelihoods that are participants/vendors Male –42.1% (2022) distribution Sensitization more resilient to conflict and reporting increased monitoring activities of ecological shocks and stresses diversity of Damaturu- (PDMs) gatekeepers allows goods/services Potiskum- adolescents to available in shops or Gujba- participate in local markets Gulani- programming. Livelihood grants Geidam- are used by Yunusari- identified beneficiaries on an income generating activity The Covid-19 pandemic will subside fast
enough and allow normal resumption TBD of program % of targeted Female-0 N/A N/A 60% by Post-Distribution activities population with Male -0 end of Monitoring Communities will sustained conflict programm survey 3-6 accept to resilient livelihoods Damaturu- e (2022) months after incorporate hygiene messaging, Potiskum-
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Funded by the European Union Gujba- grant sensitization and Gulani- disbursements social distancing in Geidam- all our interventions in response to Yunusari- Covid-19
# and % of men and Female-0 N/A N/A 2000(67% women, and Male -0 )individual Baseline, adolescent girls and Damaturu- s Midterm and boys who display Potiskum- Endline improved savings Gujba- Assessments behaviour Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- This indicator will be measured beneficiary record
# of female and male Female-0 N/A N/A TBD after Post Distribution program participants Male -0 Baseline Monitoring who have restarted/ recovered livelihood Damaturu- activities on a regular Potiskum- basis Gujba- Gulani- 9 Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when beneficiaries have been enrolled
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Funded by the European Union Cash iO1: Vulnerable households can Total amount (EUR) N/A EUR disbursement meet their basic needs and Yobe of cash transferred to 3,100, records, Finance State has increased capacity to beneficiaries (50% to 792 grants report deliver a social safety nets female beneficiaries) programme
Beneficiary Average HH Score on TBD registration the Coping Strategies TBD after assessment Index (CSI) baseli MEB ne disbursement
Pre-post % of government Total- 90% by evaluation of officials reporting Female-0 end of government increased knowledge Male -0 programm officials/ Focus of community e (2022) Group engagement Damaturu- Discussions mechanisms Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Midterm and iO2: Strengthened community % of participants who Total- N/A BV+15% Endline resilience including improved feel that their Female-0 by end of Assessments community conflict resolution community manages Male -0 programm capacity. resources peacefully e (2022)
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Funded by the European Union Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Dispute # of attempts to TBD N/A 300 200 by resolution resolve disputes by Female-0 end of Database programme Male -0 programm participants e (2022) Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- 500 by Data will be end of reported in Year 2 Program when CRG starts dispute resolution
# of community Total- 30 30 30 (at Community resilience groups N/A Damaturu-6 least three Action Plan by established and Potiskum-5 per CRGs implementing their Gujba-5 community community resilience Gulani-5 ) plans Geidam-4 Yunusari-5
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Funded by the European Union
# of youth and others Programme (male, female) who Female-0 1235 1235 event reports, list participate in multi- Male -0 of dialogue party dialogue participants activities Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Photos and # of community Type of Assets 90 videos economic assets restored Programme restored Damaturu- reports and Potiskum- attendance logs Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Baseline, % of community Female-0 BV+30% Midterm and leaders who report Male -0 by end of Endline that it is valuable for programm youth to access Damaturu- e (2022) opportunity and Potiskum- reduce exposure to Gujba- violence Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
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Funded by the European Union Baseline, % of community Female-0 BV+15% Midterm and members reporting Male -0 Endline trust across lines of Assessments division Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Records from 248 and financial service # and % of SLGs 67% by provider linked to formal end of institutes financial institutions programm e (2022)
Baseline, Damaturu- 60% by Midterm and % of SLGs Total- 20.9% Potiskum- end of Endline demonstrating Female-41.6% Gujba- programm Assessments, increased financial Male -58.3% Gulani- e (2022) pre-post test literacy Damaturu-19.9% Geidam- assessment of Potiskum-16.3% Yunusari- literacy levels Gujba-11.9% Data will be reported Gulani-13.7% when SLGs commence Geidam- 4.7% iO3: Women, youth, and Yunusari-33.3% adolescents have greater access to
financial services Records from 5321 by financial service # of women, men, TBD end of providers and female and male Female-0 programm Programme youth using financial Male -0 e (2022) reports services Damaturu-
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Funded by the European Union Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when SLGs commence
Financial product # of new financial 2 by end Brochures, products created for of Programme vulnerable programm reports households e (2022)
Baseline,
iO4: Essential market system # of female and male Total- 23.0% 80% by Midterm and functions restored and improved farmers Female-43.8% end of Endline resulting in greater access for demonstrating Male -56.1% programm Assessments, vulnerable populations to markets increased technical Damaturu-10.5% e (2022) Annual farmer for quality inputs and services, and skills and Potiskum-26.4% survey improved on-farm agricultural climate-sensitive Gujba-10.8% production knowledge in farming Gulani-9.2%
techniques. Geidam-16.1% Yunusari-26.7%
Baseline, % of farmers and Total-0 70% by Midterm and others who have Female-0 end of Endline applied improved Male -0 Assessments,
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Funded by the European Union technologies or Damaturu- Type of financial programm Annual farmer management Potiskum- products e (2022) survey practices Gujba- Data will be reported Gulani- when SLGs commence Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when SHF are engaged
%of people Total-0 Baseline, implementing risk- Female-0 Midterm and reducing practices Male -0 60% by Endline Damaturu- end of Assessments, Potiskum- programm Annual farmer Gujba- e (2022) survey Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when SHF are engaged
iO5: Increased access for youth to # and % of female Total-0 Programme diverse income sources from off- and male youth who Female-0 reports, farm employment secure employment or Male -0 2470 by attendance establish businesses Damaturu- end of records, as a result of their Potiskum- programm Post Distribution vocational training Gujba- e (2022) Monitoring Gulani-
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Funded by the European Union Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when Youth have been engaged in Year 2
# of small businesses Types of Business Programme that have been Damaturu- reports, transfer started, restarted or Potiskum- 2470 by logs, Post expanded by youth Gujba- end of Distribution (% of small Gulani- programm Monitoring businesses run by Geidam- e (2022) women) Yunusari- Data will be reported when Youth have been engaged in Year 2
Baseline, Midterm and % of youth Total-0 75% by Endline participants reporting Female-0 end of Assessments improved access to Male -0 programm economic opportunity Damaturu- e (2022) Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when Youth have been engaged in Year 2
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Funded by the European Union
Baseline, Total-0 Midterm and % of youth Female-0 BV+20% Endline participants reporting Male -0 by end of Assessments decreased support for Damaturu- programm violence Potiskum- e (2022) Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari- Data will be reported when Youth have been engaged in Year 2
Op 1.1: 26,875 vulnerable # of HH receiving Total-440 0 26,875 Beneficiary households receive unconditional grants Female-173 distribution list cash transfers to meet basic needs Male -267 Damaturu-0 Potiskum-0 Gujba-440 Gulani-0 Geidam-0 Yunusari-0 Joint Assessment Op 1.2: Mapping and linkages # of joint assessments 5 1 reports between safety net service conducted Conflict Assessment, Outputs stakeholders Gender Assessment Youth Led Labor Market Assessment Value Chain Asssessment Baseline Assessment
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Funded by the European Union
Op1.3: Government provided with # of government 44 Attendance list ongoing technical capacity beneficiaries trained Damaturu-31 of government strengthening Potiskum-8 participants Gujba-2 Gulani-1 Geidam-1 Yunusari-1
Strategy of cash Op1.4: Government supported in # of cash modalities 1 0 distribution the design and rollout of safety net piloted modality pilots per geographic requirements
Profiles of CRGs Op 2.1: 30 Community resilience # of CRGs 30 30 and community groups established, with diverse established Damaturu-6 resilience action representation, to develop Potiskum-5 plans community resilience plans and Gujba-5 conflict prevention forums Gulani-5 Geidam-5 Yunusari-4
Op 2.2: 90 community economic # of community 0 90 Photos and assets created or restored, in line assets rehabilitated/ Damaturu-0 videos of assets with priorities of community restored Potiskum-0 rehabilitated/rest resilience groups Gujba-0 ored Gulani-0
Geidam-0 Yunusari-0
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Funded by the European Union Op 2.3: Rehabilitation/ # of water access 0 0 30 Photos and construction of 30 water access points rehabilitated/ videos of water points in markets, schools, and/or constructed access points health facilities rehabilitated/con structed 0
300 Attendance list Op2.4: Negotiation/mediation # community leaders TBD Total-532 300 of participants training for 600 community leaders, trained (% women, % Female-187 for training
women, local government officials, youth, % government Male-345 program and youth officials) Damaturu- 80 Potiskum-143 Gujba- Gulani-81 Geidam-129 Yunusari-99
Event reports 90 Op2.5: 180 Multi-stakeholder # of Multi-stakeholder Damaturu-0 0 90 from dialogue dialogue sessions build connections dialogues completed Potiskum-0 sessions between community groups, LGA Gujba-0 officials, and State officials for Gulani-0 greater co-management of Geidam-0 grievances and greater trust Yunusari-0
0 Beneficiary list, Op3.1: 823 women, 823 male, 413 # of beneficiaries Female-0 0 list of SLGs and male and 413 female youth (aged joining SLGs Male -0 2472 their members 18 to 24) form 248 informal savings Damaturu- and credit groups Potiskum-
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Funded by the European Union Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
# of SLGs formed Damaturu- 248 0 Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Total-0 Records from Op3.2: 248 informal savings groups # of SLGs registered Damaturu- 0 248 financial 0 linked to formal financial institutions with formal financial Potiskum- institutions institutions Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Total- 222 0 248 Beneficiary list Op4.1: 248 Farmer and livestock # of farmer/livestock Damaturu-59 and list of associations created or associations created Potiskum-58 farmer/ livestock strengthened or strengthened Gujba-0 associations Gulani-23
Geidam-41 Yunusari-41
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Funded by the European Union
Female-0 0 0 Op4.2: 5,321 male and female # of famers trained Male -0 5321 farmers have skills in climate- resilient agricultural techniques and Damaturu-0 effective post-harvest storage Potiskum-0 Gujba-0 Gulani-0 Attendance list Geidam-0 Pre-post Yunusari-0 evaluation test
# of ADP extension Total-61 workers receiving ToT Female-5 Male -56
Damaturu-19 Potiskum-10
Gujba-5 Gulani-10 Geidam-8 Yunusari-9
Distribution list of Op4.3: 1,680 male and female # receiving conditional 0 cash recipient farmers have greater access to cash grants or Total-0 1680 beneficiaries; improved seeds and other high- subsidies Female-0 quality inputs via cash-based Male -0
subsidies to associations and/or individual vouchers Damaturu-0 Potiskum-0 Gujba-0 Gulani-0 Geidam-0 Yunusari-0
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Funded by the European Union
Op4.4: Premium priced traders are # of premium traders 0 Lis/profiles of the linked to 75 farmers associations linked with farmers Damaturu- 75 traders and associations Potiskum- associations Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
# of associations identified as ‘mature’ Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani-
Geidam- Yunusari-
Op4.5: 248 Farmers associations # of associations with Agreement/ MoU linked with improved seed and input formal arrangements Damaturu- 0 248 between farmer suppliers with input suppliers Potiskum- associations and Gujba- suppliers
Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
Op5.1: 1,235 male and 1,235 # youth receiving 0 female youth have access to basic entrepreneurship Female-0 2470 entrepreneurship training and small training Male -0 cash-grants for small business development Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam-
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Funded by the European Union Yunusari-
0 2470 Training # of youth receiving Female-0 attendants list of cash grants Male -0 youth attending entrepreneurship Damaturu- training, Cash Potiskum- grants Gujba- disbursement list Gulani- List/profiles of Geidam- vocational Yunusari- training centres
receiving business support
Op5.2: 2,660 male and 2,660 # of youth receiving female youth receive skills-training vocational training Female-0 0 5321 for in-demand sectors and/or are Male -0 referred to market-aligned vocational training programmes Damaturu- Potiskum- Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari-
# of vocational training centres Damaturu- receiving business Potiskum- support Gujba- Gulani- Geidam- Yunusari
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Funded by the European Union Activity 1.1 CRGs formed and selection Means: Factors outside criteria identified project management's Lead and co-applicant implementation and support teams located in control that may Activity 1.2 Support local authorities and target areas of implementation and communities impact on the output- CRGs to establish selection criteria, Staff with technical expertise in the application of climate smart outcome linkage. identify, and register vulnerable individuals technologies, rural livelihoods, access to finance, youth, vocational training, business development and conflict mitigation. for cash-transfers Offices, including their operational costs Vehicles, including their operational costs Activity 1.3 Identify cash transfer modalities Programme baseline, midline and endline assessments in Yobe State, including financial Visibility + IEC materials institutions and mobile money operators, in coordination with State and local
authorities, and conduct transfer pilots
Activity 1.4 Vulnerable households receive unconditional cash transfers to meet basic needs
Activity 1.5 Government provided with ongoing technical capacity strengthening
Activities
Activity 2.1. CRGs conduct facilitated participatory resource and conflict mappings of their communities
Activity 2.2. CRGs develop Community Resilience Plans that meet both the immediate needs of communities and address the underlying drivers of tensions or disputes
Activity 2.3. CRGs receive dispute resolution techniques training, including in multi-party, interest-based negotiation and facilitated joint brainstorming
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Funded by the European Union Activity 2.4. CRGs convene forums to invite community members to prioritize and select community rehabilitation projects
Activity 2.5 Implement community rehabilitation projects
Activity 2.6. Rehabilitation/ construction of water access points in markets, schools, and/or health centers.
Activity 2.7. Capactiy building training for CRG members and local authorities regarding monitoring and evaluation of community rehabilitation projects
Activity 2.8. Select men, women, male youth, and female youth who are best positioned to resolve disputes in their communities
Activity 2.9. Coordinate workshops to train community leaders in conflict analysis, negotiation, and mediation
Activity 2.10. Multi-stakeholder dialogue sessions build connections and trust between community groups, LGA, and State officials
Activity 3.1. Identify existing community groups for SLG intervention
Activity 3.2. Conduct SLG and financial literacy training for SLGs
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Funded by the European Union Activity 3.3. Identify financial institutions with group or coorperative savings and loan products
Activity 3.4. Facilitate linkages between SLGs and financial institutions through subsidized savings kits
Activity 4.1. Identify farmer and livestock associations/cooperatives for strengthening; create new associations/cooperatives where feasible
Activity 4.2. Adapt Resilience Design in Smallholder Farming Systems to Yobe State
Activity 4.3. Facilitate training-of-trainer modules for Yobe State Agricultural Development Program extension services on RD in Smallholder Farming Systems and dispute resolution
Activity 4.4. With Yobe State Ministry of Agriculture, develop knowledge dissemination plan, including through radio and community informaiton dissemination mechanisms
Activity 4.5. Identify improved seed vendors in target LGAs
Activity 4.6. Facilitate conditional cash tranfer or subsidy for purchase of improved seed products
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Funded by the European Union Activity 4.7. Premium-priced traders are linked to mature associations
Activity 4.8. Provide business support services and facilitate business linkages for improved seed suppliers to increase ease of access and availability of improved seeds for smallholder farmers
Activity 5.1. Develop youth entrepreneurship and vocational training selection criteria in coordination with YESSO and CRGs
Activity 5.2. Conduct training-of-trainer modules in entrepreneurship and life skills in existing Yobe State vocational institutions and to local partners
Activity 5.3. Facilitate transfer of small- business cash grants to selected youth beneficiaries
Activity 5.4. Provide capacity building and technical support to vocational institutions on market-driven skills for youth
Activity 5.5. Facilitate vocational training education for youth
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The Coordinator may unilaterally amend the activities, outputs, all the indicators and the related targets, baselines and sources of verification described in this logical framework in accordance with Article 9.4 of the General Conditions. Any change must be explained in the reports, whenever possible anticipatively. In case of doubt it is recommended to check beforehand with the Contracting Authority that the proposed modifications do not impact the basic purpose of the action.
Although it is allowed to have more than one specific objective, essentially in complex programmes, it is a good practice to determine only one specific objective/(main) outcome. When necessary, intermediary outcomes with their related (outcome) indicators my figure in the line of the outputs: the sequence of abbreviations in this case should be: Oc (main outcome); iOc1 (intermediary outcome 1) iOc2, (…); Op1.1. (output related to intermediary outcome 1), Op 1.2, Op 2.1., Op2.2. (…).
Definitions:
“Impact” means the primary and secondary, long term effects produced by the Action.
“Outcome” means the likely or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an Action’s outputs.
“Output” means the products, capital goods and services which result from an Action’s activities.
“Indicator” is the quantitative and/or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure the achievement of the Results of an Action.
“Baseline” means the starting point or current value of the indicators.
“Target” (or results Goal) means the quantitatively or qualitatively measurable level of expected output, outcome or impact of an Action.
A “logical framework matrix” (or “logframe matrix”) is a matrix in which results, assumptions, indicators, targets, baselines, and sources of verification related to an action are presented.
The intervention logic tells how, in a given context, the activities will lead to the outputs, the outputs to the outcome(s) and the outcome(s) to the expected impact. The most significant assumptions developed in this thinking process are to be included in the logframe matrix.
Funded by the European Union
CONTACT
AGBENYI Andrew Ameh Senior MEL Officer | Building Resilience In Complex Crisis Program [email protected]
Okuttu David Country MEL Manager [email protected]
Demere Woldeyes Program Director| Building Resilience In Complex Crisis Program [email protected]
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Funded by the European Union 888.842.0842 mercycorps.org
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