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Mythographus Homericus: Estudi I Edició Comentada

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Mythographus Homericus: Estudi I Edició Comentada TESI DOCTORAL MYTHOGRAPHUS HOMERICUS: ESTUDI I EDICIÓ COMENTADA AUTOR Joan Pagès Cebrián DIRECTOR Francesc Cuartero Iborra DEPARTAMENT Ciències de l’Antiguitat i de l’Edat Mitjana SUMARI PRIMERA PART: ESTUDI INTRODUCTORI. 1. PRESENTACIÓ ………………………………………… 3 2. DOCUMENTS EN QUÈ ES TROBEN LES HISTORIAE FABULARES………………………. 6 2.1. Els escolis a Homer………………………………. 6 2.1.1. Els escolis D a la Ilíada. ………………………. 6 2.1.2. Els escolis A a la Ilíada. ………………………. 13 2.1.3. Els escolis bT a la Ilíada. ……………………… 16 2.1.4. Els Scholia Parisiensia. ……………………… 19 2.1.5. Els Scholia Genevensia. ……………………… 21 2.1.6. Els escolis menors a l’Odissea. ………………. 22 2.2. Els papirs del Mythographus Homericus ……….. 26 2.2.1. Consideracions generals. ………………………. 26 2.2.2. El Papir d’Oxirrinc 418. ………………………. 26 2.2.3. El Papir de Londres 142. ……………………… 27 2.2.4. L’ostrakon P.S.I. 1000. ………………………… 28 2.2.5. El Papir P.S.I. 1173. ………………………….. 28 2.2.6. El papir de Viena 29784. ……………………… 29 2.2.7. El Papir de Berlín 13930. ……………………… 30 2.2.8. El Papir de Berlín 13282. …………………….. 30 2.2.9. El Papir d’Oxirrinc 3003. …………………….. 31 2.2.10. El Papir d’Hamburg 199. ……………………. 31 2.2.11. El Papir d’Oxirrinc 3830. …………………… 32 2.2.12. El Papir d’Oxirrinc 4096. …………………… 33 2.2.13. Algunes puntualitzacions pel que fa als papirs en relació a la tradició manuscrita dels escolis D. …………………………. 35 3. STATUS QUAESTIONIS ……………………………….. 36 3.1. La crítica del s. XIX: Schwartz i Panzer. ……….. 36 3.2. El Mythographus Homericus en el s. XX. ………. 40 4. EL TEXT DEL MYTHOGRAPHUS HOMERICUS …… 46 4.1. Consideracions prèvies. ………………………… 46 4.2. Anàlisi de les restes papiràcies a la llum de les versions conservades en els escolis. ….. 48 4.3. Conclusions de l’anàlisi: característiques del text. 81 4.4. Observacions apriorístiques per a una eventual restitució del text. ………………………… 87 4.5. Lloc que ocupen les historiae fabulares en el corpus dels Scholia minora. ………….. 89 5. LA BIBLIOTECA D’APOL·LODOR I ELS ESCOLIS-D A LA ILÍADA: ESTUDI INTERTEXTUAL. ……………. 101 6. EL PROBLEMA DE LA UNITAT DEL TEXT ……… 114 6.1. La tradició A (Mythographus Homericus I) …………. 117 6.2. La tradició B (Mythographus Homericus II) ………… 121 6.2.1. Particularitats del contingut. ………………….. 121 6.2.2. Lloc que ocupa Mythographus Homericus II en el corpus de la literatura mitogràfica antiga. 125 SEGONA PART: EDICIÓ DEL TEXT. ………………. 129 TERCERA PART: COMENTARI ……………………… 188 CONCLUSIÓ …………………………………………….. 410 TAULA-ÍNDEX ………………………………………… 412 INDEX NOMINUM ……………………………………. 416 APÈNDIX ……………………………………………….. 422 BIBLIOGRAFIA ……………………………………….. 447 LÀMINES ………………………………………………. 459 2 1. PRESENTACIÓ El 1987 Albert Henrichs advertia de la manca d’una edició que aplegués tot el material mitogràfic que ha estat transmès entre els escolis menors a Homer. En el seu article afirma que una edició específica de tot aquest corpus serà de gran ajut per a tot aquell que ha de consultar sovint els textos mitogràfics de forma àgil i pràctica. El material mitogràfic interpolat entre els escolis a Homer (i altres corpora escoliogràfics) era conegut per la crítica alemanya del s. XIX amb el nom de historiae fabulares aprofitant una denominació que es remunta a l’Humanisme. Fins a la data aquest material només està al nostre abast en les edicions del corpus complet dels escolis menors, edicions que, en la seva majoria, resulten antiquades i de consulta feixuga i difícil. A això s’afegeix que l’estudiós de la mitografia es veu obligat a localitzar aquestes historiae fabulares entre el vast magma heterogeni de què es compon la literatura escoliogràfica, partint de referències sovint vagues i que indueixen a confusió, de citacions que remeten a escolis que poden ser d’extensió considerable i que aglutinen material divers entre el qual es troben interpolades les historiae. Una edició del corpus escoliogràfic homèric ha de figurar necessàriament en una futura edició completa de la literatura mitogràfica grega que posi al dia i millori les edicions ja antiquades com la de Westermann. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és, doncs, el de presentar una anàlisi en profunditat de tot el corpus de literatura mitogràfica interpolada entre els escolis a Homer i una edició del text atribuït al Mythographus Homericus, nom amb el qual es coneix l’hipotètic redactor-compilador de les historiae fabulares que se’ns han transmès sota lemmata homèrics en forma d’escolis i hypomnemata. El meu treball s’engloba en el marc més general del projecte de recerca per a l’edició comentada dels mitògrafs grecs, emprès pel professor Francesc Cuartero i el seu grup de treball al qual pertanyo des de 1999. Amb la tesi que ara presento he tingut, doncs, el privilegi i la satisfacció de contribuir a aquesta tasca d’equip, i el meu desig és que esdevingui un punt de partida per a la ulterior publicació de l’edició crítica del Mythographus Homericus, i així posar a l’abast dels especialistes una eina útil que els acosti als textos mitogràfics de manera directa. 3 Introducció La meva tasca ha consistit, fonamentalment, en un buidat de les diferents col·leccions d’escolis a Homer, un acarament de les variants textuals i l’edició d’un text llegible, de consulta còmoda, amb un aparat crític que reculli les variants més significatives i un índex onomàstic que faciliti la cerca de referències. Com a treball previ, incorporo un estudi en profunditat en el qual explico el procés de la meva recerca, els interrogants i possibles respostes en relació al text, el seu origen, datació i autoria, el contingut de l’obra, les motivacions que en promogueren la publicació i transmissió i el lloc que ocupa en el marc més genèric de la literatura mitogràfica antiga. Des del punt de vista metodològic, he partit d’un enfocament doble: D’una banda, per mitjà de la crítica interna, he examinat les característiques del text des del punt de vista formal i de contingut a la recerca de proves de la presumpta unitat que apuntarien a una autoria única, o, en el seu defecte, d’evidències d’una possible col·legialitat o redacció en equip. He prestat especial atenció als aspectes ideològics del text, per tal de situar l’obra en un corrent concret dintre de la mitografia (enciclopèdic, racionalista, historicista, simbolista, al·legoricista, evemerista, satíric, etc.) Els resultats d’aquesta anàlisi els exposo en l’estudi que ocupa la primera part del treball. D’una altra banda, per mitjà de la crítica externa, he examinat cada historia de manera independent establint-ne els vincles amb les diverses branques de la tradició mitogràfica, comparant la informació que es llegeix en el text amb la que donen la resta de les fonts literàries que tracten cadascun dels mites, des del mateix Homer fins a Pausànias, passant per l’èpica, la lírica, el drama, la historiografia i la resta de la mitografia, cercant les relacions d’intertextualitat existents i les coincidències i divergències en les tradicions mítiques. El resultat de tota aquesta anàlisi l’exposo en el comentari que segueix a l’edició del text. El meu estudi s’ha centrat fonamentalment en els escolis mitogràfics a la Ilíada. Per aquest motiu l’edició del text exclou les historiae fabulares interpolades en els escolis a l’Odissea, tot i que els he tingut en compte en l’estudi previ, així com els testimonis sobre papir, d’importància cabdal per comprendre el corpus en el seu conjunt. El motiu d’haver reservat l’edició del corpus mitogràfic odisseic per abordar-la més endavant és bàsicament el volum de treball que comporta que, afegit a la feina feta sobre la Ilíada, depassa amb escreix els límits d’una tesi, i, d’altra banda, l’estat d’edició en què es troben els escolis a l’Odissea; en efecte, si per a la Ilíada comptem amb treballs més recents sobre la tradició textual, com els de de Marco, Montanari i Van Thiel, per a l’Odissea manca una revisió en profunditat i una anàlisi de la tradició que permeti l’elaboració d’una edició crítica feta amb criteris moderns i comptant amb tots els testimonis de què disposem el dia d’avui. Aquesta tasca ha estat iniciada recentment per Pontani, però es troba encara en les beceroles. Per tal de subsanar el dèficit que aquest bandejament comporta, he afegit un apèndix amb les historiae fabulares odisseiques sense estudi ni aparat crític, una mera transcripció d’excerpta de l’edició de Dindorf. 4 Presentació En resum, doncs, des del punt de vista del procediment, el meu treball ha consistit en: 1. Un buidat del corpus escoliogràfic homèric (tant el de la Ilíada com el de l’Odissea). 2. Una recopilació de tots els testimonis papiracis d’historiae fabulares associades a lemmata homèrics exhumats i publicats fins al dia d’avui. 3. Un estudi intern del text, cecant les relacions d’intertextualitat entre les diverses versions escoliogràfiques i papiràcies, des del punt de vista formal i de contingut. 4. Un estudi extern previ al comentari individual de cadascuna de les historiae. 5. Una edició crítica del corpus iliàdic del Mythographus Homericus. 6. Redacció de l’estudi introductori i el comentari. 7. Elaboració dels índexs i apèndixs. 5 2. DOCUMENTS EN QUÈ ES TROBEN LES HISTORIAE FABULARES 2.1. ELS ESCOLIS A HOMER 2.1.1. Els escolis D a la Ilíada a) Observacions generals Els Scholia D són, sense cap mena de dubtes, els més rics en fragments mitogràfics i els més útils a l’hora de fer una aproximació al que podia haver estat el text arquetípic del Mythographus Homericus1. En efecte, l’elevat nombre d’historiae i l’estat de redacció en què es troben, relativament bo -tot i que aquest pot arribar a variar considerablement d’una historia a una altra-, fan d’aquests escolis el principal punt de partida de qualsevol estudi de la tradició exegètica homèrica des del punt de vista mitogràfic.
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