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Apples: Organic Production Guide
A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org Apples: Organic Production Guide By Tammy Hinman This publication provides information on organic apple production from recent research and producer and Guy Ames, NCAT experience. Many aspects of apple production are the same whether the grower uses low-spray, organic, Agriculture Specialists or conventional management. Accordingly, this publication focuses on the aspects that differ from Published nonorganic practices—primarily pest and disease control, marketing, and economics. (Information on March 2011 organic weed control and fertility management in orchards is presented in a separate ATTRA publica- © NCAT tion, Tree Fruits: Organic Production Overview.) This publication introduces the major apple insect pests IP020 and diseases and the most effective organic management methods. It also includes farmer profiles of working orchards and a section dealing with economic and marketing considerations. There is an exten- sive list of resources for information and supplies and an appendix on disease-resistant apple varieties. Contents Introduction ......................1 Geographical Factors Affecting Disease and Pest Management ...........3 Insect and Mite Pests .....3 Insect IPM in Apples - Kaolin Clay ........6 Diseases ........................... 14 Mammal and Bird Pests .........................20 Thinning ..........................20 Weed and Orchard Floor Management ......20 Economics and Marketing ........................22 Conclusion -
Stemilt Awarded License to New University of Minnesota Apple Cultivar
- Advertisement - Stemilt awarded license to new University of Minnesota apple cultivar September 8, 2014 The University of Minnesota has awarded Stemilt Growers the license to grow, pack, and market a new, early-to-ripen apple cultivar. The patent name for the cultivar is MN55, and the University of Minnesota plans to trademark a name for the fruit in conjunction with Stemilt in the near future. MN55 was born 17 years ago at the University of Minnesota's apple-breeding program, the same place that the now national phenomenon Honeycrisp heralds from. MN55, a new early-to-ripen apple. The new cultivar has 1 / 3 exceptional flavors, color, and fracture and will be the first variety to harvest in Washington state and go to market come 2017. MN55 is a cross between Honeycrisp and an unreleased variety labeled as AA44 that is sometimes known as MonArk. With similar yet more defined flavor and quality attributes as Honeycrisp and AA44's characteristics to ripen early yet color well and maintain a crisp, juicy texture through the summer heat, Stemilt believes the new cultivar is a winner. "We have a small block of trees that will produce small volumes of fruit come 2017, and a larger planting that will increase volumes for 2018 and beyond," Stemilt Marketing Director Roger Pepperl said in a press release. "We are thrilled at the prospect of having a high dessert-quality apple that will reinvent the month of August for the apple category. MN55 is very juicy and sweet and holds excellent pressures. These are unusual qualities for such an early apple to possess, and the exact qualities that consumers have come to love in an apple." The journey to develop a new apple cultivar is not a quick process and requires great efforts. -
Experiments with Light Reflecting Groundcovers and Lumilys® Textile in Apple Production
Experiments with light reflecting groundcovers and Lumilys® textile in apple production Michael Zoth Ertragsphysiologie Stiftung KOB Bavendorf Schuhmacherhof 6, D-88213 Ravensburg http://www.obstbau-kompetenzzentrum.de Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Stiftung KOB Bavendorf Schuhmacherhof 6, D-88213 Ravensburg Germany Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Z Production area ~ 8 000 ha (Year 2015) Z 1 500 farmers, ~ 750 (full-time farmers) Z Apple production/year ~ 250.000 – 300.000 t Z 10% of apples are from organic production Z ~ 50% of the cultivars are covered by hail nets Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany # # # !" Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Mode of practice „Interface“ Öko Advisory Service 2 Dt. Genbank Obst Meetings Research stations CoO-Teams 4 Weinsberg/LTZ Grünberg Esteburg EUFRIN Working groups Ahrweiler ACW Wädenswil (CH) COST etc. Laimburg (I) Haidegg (A) div. Projects ÜgPsB 4,5 etc. KOB Universities Appl.Sciences County Fruit house/Store Ware Weihenstephan Students Uni HOH Advisors 4,5 Erfurt Geisenheim Intern. visitors Brandenburg etc. Trainees (6-8) Universities Scient. Project partners Hohenheim Guest researcher TUM WEGA-Network Privat Fruit Advisors 5 UEB Prag Brazil (2) Fruit farmers/ Fruit -
Factors Associated with Spartan Breakdown of Apple
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPARTAN BREAKDOWN OF APPLE by Raymond Laurent Granger A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research of McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Plant Science, Macdonald College of McGill University, c Montreal• March, 1979 iii - • I dedicate this thesis to my wife UIREILLE ABSTRACT FACTORS ASSOCIATED HITH SPARTAN BREAKDOWN OF APPLE DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCE RAYMOND LAURENT GRANGER Quebec-grown Spartan apples were compared with those from British Columbia in an effort to explain why B.C. fruits are more susceptible to the Spartan breakdown storage disorder. Based on fruit diameter apples were sized into small, medium and lar~e categories from Quebec and medium, large and extra large from British Columbia. Peel and flesh tissues of individual apples from each category were analysed for total N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. Firmness, percent red colour, specific gravity, moisture content, titrateable acidity and percent soluble solids along with and release rates also were determined on co2 c2n4 individual fruits in every category. Large fruit size, decreasin~ firmness and high or H release co2 c2 4 rates expressed on a fruit basis were associated with Spartan breakdown development in cold storage. The predictive values of the various mineral analyses for Spartan breakdown were in the following order: peel Mg > flesh K > flesh P > flesh Mg > flesh Ca > peel K > peel Ca. The British Columbia apples contained significantly higher levels of all elements except those of N and Ca which were not significantly different in the fruit from both pr.ovinces. -
Fruit Quarterly SPRING 2013 Leadership and Accountability
NEW YORK Editorial Fruit Quarterly SPRING 2013 Leadership and Accountability here are those who spend their hours discussing how to invest would not really harm their current operations but difficult and unfair the current times are. There are those would insure successful future ones. Twho reflect longingly about how wonderful and simple life used to be. There are also those who simply fail to see anything Today is always here and the future is always slightly out of positive until it is taken away from them. Then there are those your reach. The true mark of a leader is that they can function that we call “leaders” who are too busy looking forward to be within both. Like in years past we will and forever need to dragged down by all of this meaningless discussion. be investing in innovative research programs to improve our industry. There are those who may wish to have this I travel from west to east across New York and have done so accomplished entirely public funding. When you leave your all of my six decades. I am humbled by what I recall and what I future entirely to the fickle whims of the political world you currently see. The fruit industry has made enormous up- grades are not being “accountable” for the research programs you to its commercial farming practices in a very short period of desperately require for success in the years ahead. A shared time. Orchard acreage in New York State is down but our financial cash flow would be ideal. productivity and quality have never been at this high level. -
Trend Varietali Per Il Melo Walter Guerra, Centro Di Sperimentazione Agraria Di Laimburg
3/2016 Trend varietali per il melo Walter Guerra, Centro di Sperimentazione Agraria di Laimburg Seguiamo l’Autore in questo viaggio immaginario e scopriamo in- neycrisp, Scifresh, Sciros, Ambrosia e sieme quali sono le ultimissime tendenze nelle scelte varietali di del gruppo “altre varietà” aumenterà a livello mondiale, mentre quella di tutte diversi Paesi. le rimanenti scenderà di una percen- tuale compresa tra il 7% ed il 50% sono state messe a disposizione dai (tabella 1, pag. 10). Gala (soprattutto Fonti partecipanti al gruppo di lavoro EU- i suoi mutanti a colorazione intensa) In Alto Adige ogni singola pianta di FRIN “Prove varietali di melo, pero e è stata e viene ancor oggi messa a melo viene conteggiata. Sono invece portinnesti”. EUFRIN è l’acronimo di dimora in molti comprensori melico- più difficilmente accessibili i dati sull’as- EUropean FRuit Institutes Research li in tutto il mondo. Cripps Pink/Pink sortimento varietale in Turchia, India, Network. Il gruppo di lavoro varietale Lady® con i suoi mutanti, coltivata su Iran e Russia, Paesi tra i 10 maggiori è certamente il più attivo tra la rete di 17.000 ha, è oggi l’unico club varietale produttori mondiali di mele. Le fonti 24 centri di ricerca ed istituti universi- nella top 10 dell’assortimento globale. sulle quali si basano le informazioni di tari e si riunisce con cadenza biennale. Jonagored è stata di recente messa a questo articolo sono sostanzialmente Durante questi incontri, i responsabili dimora in quantità molto consistente i contributi pubblicati annualmente sul delle prove varietali presentano, tra nei Paesi dell’Europa settentrionale e World Apple Review, quelli presentati l’altro, un quadro generale sull’evolu- orientale. -
Organic Outlook N October 26 - November 2, 2018 N 24 Ct
Organic outlook N October 26 - November 2, 2018 N www.fsproduce.com 24 ct . Peak season organic fall fruit The firstOrganic Fuyu (flat) and Hachiya (tall) Persim- mons are now in peak season through most of Novem- ber. The Fuyu variety are ready to eat right away, even when firm. Hachiya must be ripened at room tempera- ture until the fruit is very soft. Organic Cranberries from Quebec, Canada are ex- pected to be in steady supply with good quality for the fall season. Organic Pomegranates continue with excellent color and good harvests. Growers are now picking the “Won- derful” variety. Product is available in regular cartons and in 90+lb wooden crate-style bins. Organic Pomegranate Arils are now back in stock for the fall season. These are best merchandised in refrig- eration beside your berries. OG Berries OG blueBerries og apples Driscoll’s Organic Blackberries continue to be Driscoll’s Organic Blueberries will be extremely Pacific Northwest Organic Apples continue in very limited with higher pricing. Harvest volume is limited until harvests out of their Mexico growing abundant supply. Varieties include: not expected to improve until Mexican production regions ramp up in early November. Expect very OG Ambrosia OG Kanzi ramps up in mid to late November. high prices, and only 4.4 oz packs. OG Braeburn OG Lady Alice OG Envy OG McIntosh Other brands of Organic Blackberries out of Mex- Chilean Organic Blueberries in 6 oz packs have OG Fuji OG Opal ico have begun and supplies continue to ramp up. started with high prices on air fruit for the first OG Gala OG Pacific Rose Pricing will begin to ease over the next few weeks, few weeks, and then will ease down as volumes OG Gold Delicious OG Pink Lady but there is a current disruption with some major increase. -
Continuing Project Report
FINAL PROJECT REPORT Project Title: Genetic controls of apple fruit-specific auxin metabolism PI: Yanmin Zhu Co-PI(2): James Mattheis Organization: TFRL-ARS-USDA Organization: TFRL-ARS-USDA Telephone: (509) 664-2280 Telephone: (509) 664-2280 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Address: 1104 N. Western Ave Address: 1104 N. Western Ave City: Wenatchee City: Wenatchee State/Zip: WA 98801 State/Zip: WA 98801 Co-PI(3): Kate Evans Organization: TFREC, WSU Telephone: 509-663-8181 Email: [email protected] Address: 1100 N. Western Ave City: Wenatchee State/Zip: WA 98801 Other funding sources: None Total Project Funding: $131,000 Budget History: Item 2010 2011(extended) Year 3: Salaries 35,000 36,000 Benefits 14,000 14,000 Wages Benefits Equipment Supplies 15,000 15,000 Travel Plot Fees Miscellaneous 1,000 1,000 Total 65,000 66,000 OBJECTIVES: 1. Elucidate roles for previously identified candidate genes in ethylene, auxin, gibberellin, jasmonate and brassinosteroid metabolism and response during apple fruit ripening. 2. Characterize the relationship between gene expression patterns and specific fruit ripening phenotypes (ripening season, fruit size, fruit texture) in a cross population of ‘Honeycrisp’ x ‘Cripps Pink’, as well as other germplasm. 3. Develop a shortlist of candidate genes for hormone metabolism for further validation for use in marker assisted selection. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS 1. Most of the selected genes, based on the results from previous microarray or gene chip analysis, showed correlations with apple fruit ripening processes among a wide spectrum of apple germplasm including several commercial cultivars and a segregating population of ‘Honeycrisp’ x ‘Cripps Pink’. -
FRUIT TREES COMMON HEIGHT SPREAD DESCRIPTION POLLINATOR ZONE NAME NOTE: Some Crabapples Can Be Used to Pollinate APPLE Some Apple Trees
FRUIT TREES COMMON HEIGHT SPREAD DESCRIPTION POLLINATOR ZONE NAME NOTE: Some crabapples can be used to pollinate APPLE some apple trees. Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Honey Crisp, Large red apple, sweet and tart, white flesh. Good for eating, Cortland 5m 4m Jonamac, McIntosh, Red Delicious, Spartan. Most 4 cooking and cider. Late September white-blossom crabapples will also pollinate. Cortland, Jazz, Granny Smith, Ida Red, McIntosh, Hazen Dark red, medium firm, juicy. Good for eating, desert, 5m 4m Paula Red, Spartan, Winecrisp. Most white- 4 (semi-dwarf) cooking. Late August. blossom crabapples will also pollinate. Cortland, Empire, Fuji, Golden Russet, Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, Jonathan, McIntosh, Red Very large green-yellow fruit. Good for eating, cooking, Delicious, Winecrisp. Most white-blossom Mutsu (Crispin) 6m 4m 5 baking. Mid-October. crabapples and Dolgo Crabapple will also pollinate. NOTE: Mutsu is a tri-pollinator that requires two other varieties to produce fruit. Braeburn, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Honeycrisp, Large red apple, tart, firm flesh. Old-time favourite desert and Northern Spy 5m 4m Jonamac. Most white-blossom crabapples will also 4 baking apple. Mid-October. pollinate. Braeburn, Cortland, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Large red apple. Crisp skin with soft, sweet flesh. Good Smith, Honeycrisp, Jazz, Jonathan, Northern Spy, Red Delicious 5m 4m 5 eating and desert apple. Great pollinizer. Late September. Spartan, Winecrisp. Most white-blossom crabapples will also pollinate. Braeburn, Cortland, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Honey Crisp, Red Delicious, Medium size, dark red, McIntosh type with juicy, sweet flesh. Winecrisp. Most white-blossom crabapples and Spartan 5m 4m 5 Fresh eating & baking. -
INF03 Reduce Lists of Apple Varieites
ECE/TRADE/C/WP.7/GE.1/2009/INF.3 Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Fifty-fifth session Geneva, 4 - 8 May 2009 Items 4(a) of the provisional agenda REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS Proposals on the list of apple varieties This note has been put together by the secretariat following the decision taken by the Specialized Section at its fifty-fourth session to collect information from countries on varieties that are important in international trade. Replies have been received from the following countries: Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA. This note also includes the documents compiled for the same purpose and submitted to the fifty-second session of the Specialized Section. I. Documents submitted to the 52nd session of the Specialized Section A. UNECE Standard for Apples – List of Varieties At the last meeting the 51 st session of the Specialized Section GE.1 the delegation of the United Kingdom offered to coordinate efforts to simplify the list of apple varieties. The aim was to see what the result would be if we only include the most important varieties that are produced and traded. The list is designed to help distinguish apple varieties by colour groups, size and russeting it is not exhaustive, non-listed varieties can still be marketed. The idea should not be to list every variety grown in every country. The UK asked for views on what were considered to be the most important top thirty varieties. Eight countries sent their views, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, USA, Slovakia, Germany Finland and the Czech Republic. -
Washington State Department of Agriculture Organic Program Organic Certificate
Washington State Department of Agriculture Organic Program In accordance with USDA Organic Regulations - Title 7 CFR Part 205, National Organic Program - this Organic Certificate is issued to Stemilt Growers Inc - Olds Station PO Box 2779 Wenatchee, WA 98807 This operation is certified for the following scopes: Handler Once certified, a production or handling operation's organic certification continues in effect until surrendered by the organic operation or until it is suspended or revoked. This certificate is not valid without the attached certification summary listing all certified products Certification Number: 92007 NOP Operation ID: 2780092007 Current Certificate Issue Date: 07/30/2019 Certified by WSDA Organic Program Since: 1992 Organic Program Manager NOP Effective Date: 04/29/2002 Washington State Dept. of Agriculture This operation must annually submit their renewal application by the anniversary date: March 1st PO Box 42560, Olympia WA 98504-2560 agr.wa.gov/FoodAnimal/Organic/ (360) 902-1805 [email protected] Organic Certification Summary Stemilt Growers Inc - Olds Certification Number: 92007 Current Certificate Issue Date: 07/30/2019 Station Handler Facilities Physical Location 3101 Warehouse Rd Wenatchee, WA 98801 Organic Products Fruit Apples Ambrosia Auvil Fuji Braeburn Fuji Gala Golden Delicious Golden Supreme Granny Smith Honeycrisp Jonagold McIntosh Minnieska Pinata Pink Lady Pinova Rave Red Delicious The above listed products are certified in accordance with USDA Organic Regulations - Title 7 CFR Part 205. Certification -
Best Fruits for Western Washington Yards
Best Fruits for Western Washington Yards City Fruit provides info about You’ll have good luck growing healthy fruit in Western fruit trees at www.cityfruit.org Washington if you consider the following before you decide and has trained volunteers what to plant: who are willing to help with residential fruit trees. Size: How much room do you have? How big will the tree get—and will it fit Contact [email protected] into your space when it’s mature? Will you be able to reach the fruit? The fruit tree’s ultimate size depends on its rootstock and the tree’s natural Shiro Plums vigor. Tip-bearing fruits—like plums and cherries—are more vigorous than spur-bearing fruits, like apples, and thus need more room. Rootstock: The rootstock influences how large the tree will grow. Many different rootstocks are available for apples—fewer choices for other fruits. Certain apple rootstocks (M9, B9, Geneva 11) produce fully dwarfed trees, that is, less than 10 ft. Trees on “semi-dwarf” rootstocks can grow to 15’ or taller. Sun and heat requirements: Most fruits need a minimum of six hours of sunshine per day. If you only have a shady place, consider elderberry, evergreen huckleberry, alpine strawberry and some other berries that can thrive in low- or partial-light conditions. Victoria Plums Although we have mild winters in Western Washington, we also have a very short growing season. Choose fruits that ripen earlier rather than later and think twice about fruits that need plenty of heat (peaches, apricots, grapes and figs).