Experiments with light reflecting groundcovers and Lumilys® textile in apple production
Michael Zoth Ertragsphysiologie
Stiftung KOB Bavendorf Schuhmacherhof 6, D-88213 Ravensburg http://www.obstbau-kompetenzzentrum.de
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Stiftung KOB Bavendorf
Schuhmacherhof 6, D-88213 Ravensburg Germany
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany
Z Production area ~ 8 000 ha (Year 2015)
Z 1 500 farmers, ~ 750 (full-time farmers)
Z Apple production/year ~ 250.000 – 300.000 t
Z 10% of apples are from organic production
Z ~ 50% of the cultivars are covered by hail nets
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany
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Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Mode of practice „Interface“
Öko Advisory Service 2
Dt. Genbank Obst Meetings Research stations CoO-Teams 4 Weinsberg/LTZ Grünberg Esteburg EUFRIN Working groups Ahrweiler ACW Wädenswil (CH) COST etc. Laimburg (I) Haidegg (A) div. Projects ÜgPsB 4,5 etc. KOB Universities Appl.Sciences County Fruit house/Store Ware Weihenstephan Students Uni HOH Advisors 4,5 Erfurt Geisenheim Intern. visitors Brandenburg etc. Trainees (6-8) Universities Scient. Project partners Hohenheim Guest researcher TUM WEGA-Network Privat Fruit Advisors 5 UEB Prag Brazil (2) Fruit farmers/ Fruit National/International research National/International Industry/Commerce Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany
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Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Improving fruit colouration Z Apple cultivars are sometimes endangered to develop low colouration: high temperatures, shaded position, covered with leafs, dark hailnet, … Z Cultivars: Elstar, Fuji, Kanzi, Pinova, Sweetango Z Measures: Summer pruning Growth control using PGR‘s Prohexadione-Ca [Regalis, Kudos]
Biostimulants, Fertilizers Light reflecting ground covers Defoliation Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Improving fruit colouration
Z Effects: - lighter canopy - better light distribution - light / radiation reaches the fruit - maximum light exposition of the fruit surface
Z => induces anthocyanin synthesis => improves brighter and intensive colouration
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Light reflection trial 2012 - A
Simple Test-trial with ‚no-name‘ reflecting textile
- Apple ‚Kanzi‘ – colour sensitive variety - High trained trees (3,40m) under crystal hailnet
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Light reflection trial 2012 - A Simple Test-trial with ‚no-name‘ reflecting textile
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany White ground cover – 14d before harvest
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany White ground cover – harvest time
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany After take-out - lanes
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z No statistical difference in yield per tree Z Unfortunately different number fruits per tree.
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Slightly smaller fruits with reflexion cover Z No statistical differences
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Better skin colour with reflexion textile Z Statisticaly proofed
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Colouration 2012
Z Number of intensivly red coloured fruits increased
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Ratio of intensivly coloured fruits was much better with ground cover
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Slight difference in ‚good for sale fruits‘ Z No statistical differences
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Results Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Clear financial advantage with reflexion ground cover
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Kanzi ground cover 2012
Z Effects: - no higher yield - better red colouration - increased no. of very good coloured fruits - slightly higher ratio of ‚good for sale‘ fruits - no higher ratio of Extra + HKl 1 fruits
Z => Clearly higher calculated financial benefits
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Light reflection trial 2012
Trial B with ‚no-name‘ reflecting textile
- Apple ‚Pinova‘ standard – colour sensitive variety - Mechanical vs. Winter pruning; partly hailnet
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany White ground cover – 14d before harvest
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany White ground cover – harvest time
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z MACHINE: No big difference in yield per tree Z Unfortunately hight number fruits per tree.
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Visible smaller fruits with reflexion cover Z Clear statistical differences
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Better skin colour with reflexion textile Z Statisticaly proofed
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Ratio of intensivly coloured fruits was much better with ground cover
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Slight disadvantage in ‚extra class‘ fruits [smaller fruits] Z No statistical differences
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Slight financial advantage with reflexion ground cover [Because of smaller fruitsize?]
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova ground cover 2012
Z Effects: - no higher yield - better red colouration - increased no. of very good coloured fruits - no higher ratio of Extra + HKl 1 fruits
=> Slightly higher calculated financial benefits
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Light reflection trial 2013
Trial with LUMILYS® – Variety Kanzi
- Apple Kanzi – under crystal hailnet, 3,40 m hight - Ground cover, PAR-measurements
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – 14d before harvest
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – harvest time
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – Kanzi
Z No difference in yield per tree Z Same amount of fruits per tree
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – Kanzi
Z Almost the same fruitsize Z Unfortunately in general small fruits
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Weather conditions 2013
Z Low temperature during cell division period and summer
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – Kanzi
Z Clearly better red skin colour
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – Kanzi
Z Much more coloured Premium fruits Z Clearly higher ratio of Kanzi® quality
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover – Kanzi
Z No financial advantage using the ground cover Z The smaller fruit size 2013 might be the reason
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® ground cover 2013 - Kanzi
Z Effects: - no higher yield - better red colouration - higher ratio of Extra + HKl 1 fruits
=> But no higher calculated financial benefits
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® PAR-measurements
Z Using AccuPAR LP-80 ceptometer Z Ground measurement at 30 / 90 / 150 / 180 cm height
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® PAR-measurements
Z Each plot one tree, alternating, east+west, north+south Z Morning, noon and evening / sunny and cloudy sky Z 18 measurements/tree, 9 upside + 9 downside
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Lumilys® PAR-measurements
Z Increased PAR availability with Lumilys® textile Z Higher in the lower canopy part and outside canopy
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova PAR-measurements - 2015
Topview
LOCHER, B. 2015: Own illustration
Z 14 measurements/tree, all upside Z Three heights with 30 / 100 / 160 cm + top sensor (230cm)
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Pinova PAR results - 2015
+ 6%
+ 19%c
+ 30%c
+ 53%
LOCHER, B. 2015: Own illustration LOCHER, B. 2015: Own illustration Without reflective ground cover With reflective ground cover
Z Increased PAR availability vertical over the canopy Z Clear PAR increase in the lower canopy part with cover
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Conclusion: reflective ground cover
Z Reflective textile increases light availability Z The PAR distribution inside canopy is better
Z Significant more colouration of the fruits Z Significant more fruits in better colour category
Z But better financial benefit is insecure
Colour is often not payed that good Depending on fruit size development and cropload
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Conclusion: reflective ground cover
Under south german conditions: Z Colour sensitive cultivars – Kanzi, Fuji, Elstar … Z Best price varieties – Kanzi, SweeTango, .. Z Not necessary in all years Z Decision to use the reflective cover is not easy
Other methods might be sophisticated
DEFOLIATION
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Defoliation devices
ERO-Defoliationtype, ERO GmbH, Simmern OLMI-Defoliation unit, KOL-Technik, St. Peter a.O. Austria
Z Defoliation 2-3 weeks before harvest increases colour
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany Thank you
for your attention
Beaulieu Technical Textiles - Comines-Warneton, Belgium M. Zoth, Stiftung KOB Ravensburg, Germany