South Cushitic Links to East Cushitic
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Veda Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovak Academy of Sciences
VEDA PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF LITERARY SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL STUDIES Editors JOZEF GENZOR VIKTOR KRUPA ASIAN AND AFRICAN STUDIES SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BRATISLAVA INSTITUTE OF LITERARY SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ORIENTAL STUDIES XXIV 1988 1989 VEDA, PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES • BRATISLAVA CURZON PRESS • LONDON PUBLISHED OUTSIDE THE SOCIALIST COUNTRIES SOLELY BY CURZON PRESS LTD • LONDON ISBN 0 7007 0220 2 ISSN 0571 2742 © VEDA, VYDAVATEĽSTVO SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED, 1989 ISBN 80-224-0196-X (Series) ISBN 80-224-0065-3 (Vol. 24) CONTENTS A r tic le s K řupa, Viktor: Remarks on Creativity in Language ............................................................... 11 Rácová, Anna: Analogical Nomination in B en gali........................................................... 19 D r o z d ik , Ladislav: Word-Class Shifts of Multiword Units in the Lexicon of Modern Written A rabic ............................................................................................................................... 27 G á lik , Marián: Studies in Modern Chinese Intellectual History: V. Young Wang Guowei (1901—1911)................................................................................' ................................................ 37 G á lik , Marián: Interliterary Aspects o f the Short Stories by Lu Xun: Changming Deng (The Eternal Lamp) and V. M. Garshin: Krasnyi Tsvetok (The Red Flower) .... 67 Kut’ka, Karol: Some Reflections on Yukio Mishimas -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Aree Di Transizione Linguistiche E Culturali in Africa 3 Impaginazione Gabriella Clabot
ATrA Aree di transizione linguistiche e culturali in Africa 3 Impaginazione Gabriella Clabot © copyright Edizioni Università di Trieste, Trieste 2017. Proprietà letteraria riservata. I diritti di traduzione, memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento totale e parziale di questa pubblicazione, con qualsiasi mezzo (compresi i microfilm, le fotocopie e altro) sono riservati per tutti i paesi. ISBN 978-88-8303-821-1 (print) ISBN 978-88-8303-822-8 (online) EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste via Weiss 21 – 34128 Trieste http://eut.units.it https://www.facebook.com/EUTEdizioniUniversitaTrieste Cultural and Linguistic Transition explored Proceedings of the ATrA closing workshop Trieste, May 25-26, 2016 Ilaria Micheli (ed.) EUT EDIZIONI UNIVERSITÀ DI TRIESTE Table of contents Ilaria Micheli Shereen El Kabbani & Essam VII Introduction Elsaeed 46 The Documentation of the Pilgrimage Arts in Upper Egypt – A comparative PART I – ANTHROPOLOGY / Study between Ancient and Islamic Egypt CULTURE STUDIES Signe Lise Howell PART II – ARCHAEOLOGY 2 Cause: a category of the human mind? Some social consequences of Chewong Paul J. Lane (Malaysian rainforest hunter-gatherers) 60 People, Pots, Words and Genes: ontological understanding Multiple sources and recon-structions of the transition to food production Ilaria Micheli in eastern Africa 13 Women's lives: childhood, adolescence, marriage and motherhood among Ilaria Incordino the Ogiek of Mariashoni (Kenya) and 78 The analysis of determinatives the Kulango of Nassian (Ivory Coast) of Egyptian -
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2017-05-17 Document version:5.2 Authors: Ethiopic Script Generation Panel Contents 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract ........................................................................................ 3 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ................................................................................................ 3 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It .................................................................... 4 3.1 Local Languages Using the Script .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Geographic Territories of the Language or the Language Map of Ethiopia ................................ 7 4 Overall Development Process and Methodology .............................................................................. 8 4.1 Sources Consulted to Determine the Repertoire....................................................................... 8 4.2 Team Composition and Diversity .............................................................................................. 9 4.3 Analysis of Code Point Repertoire .......................................................................................... 10 4.4 Analysis of Code Point Variants .............................................................................................. 11 5 Repertoire .................................................................................................................................... -
Nature Redacted September 7,2017 Certified By
The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirli BA, Middle East Technical University (2010) MA, Bogazigi University (2012) Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2017 2017 Isa Kerem Bayirli. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Author......................... ...... ............................. Departmeyf)/Linguistics and Philosophy Sic ;nature redacted September 7,2017 Certified by...... David Pesetsky Ferrari P. Ward Professor of Linguistics g nThesis Supervisor redacted Accepted by.................. Signature ...................................... David Pesetsky Lead, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEP 2 6 2017 LIBRARIES ARCHiVES The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirh Submitted to the Deparment of Linguistics and Philosophy on September 7, 2017 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Abstract In this dissertation, we develop and defend a universal theory of concord (i.e. feature sharing between a head noun and the modifying adjectives). When adjectives in a language show concord with the noun they modify, concord morphology usually involves the full set of features of that noun (e.g. gender, number and case). However, there are also languages in which concord targets only a subset of morphosyntactic features of the head noun. We first observe that feature combinations that enter into concord in such languages are not random. -
The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: G Linguistics & Education Volume 15 Issue 12 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language By Ibrahim Bedane Madda Walabu University, Ethiopia Abstract- Many people have spent their lives in search of language origin and have made great efforts to discover which language is the mother of all other languages (Mother language). As their efforts were not rightly directed, they could not achieve success. Thus, this paper examines the origin of Afaan Oromo and its impact on theories of languages and language origin. In the area of language and language origin, this paper argued that Afaan Oromo has unique properties to offer the field, or at least the richness that is provided by the majority of words creation offers basic and unusual opportunities for theoretically-minded theories. In both cases what we have learned from Afaan Oromo has provided us major insight into the nature of language origin and mother language. No wonder, ‘One of the best-kept secrets of the Afaan Oromo is the predictability, clarity, source imitating and/or conceptually approximating nature and rules of roots and its verb inflections’. Afaan Oromo is purely natural nature based language. Each and every roots of Afaan Oromo were created from either corresponding Sounds or available roots and thus, converges to sounds proximate to it. Keywords: afaan oromo, imitative root, mother language, root system, root creation, sign, sound, symbolic root, 5s acquisition process. -
Festschrift Voigt Riformattata -Nrr
In Bogdan Burtea, Josef Tropper and Helen Younansardaroud (eds.), Studia semitica et semitohamitica - Festschrift für Rainer M. Voigt anläßlich seines 60. Geburtstages am 17. Januar 2004. Pp. 55-91. Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2004. COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE CUSHITIC IMPERATIVE Giorgio Banti (Naples)* Introduction. All Cushitic languages1 have a special set of verbal forms that are used when issuing commands to one or more addressees. This set is commonly referred to as Imperative (Impt.). A considerably different set of forms is used for negative commands in several of these languages. As an example, the two sets used in Bilin, Sidamo, and Somali are shown in (1). (1) Affirmative (Aff.) and negative (Neg.) Impt. forms in one Agaw and two East Cushitic languages Bilin Sidamo Somali gäb- “refuse” hun- “destroy” fur- “open” Aff. 2s. gäb-í hun-i fúr Aff. 2p. gäb-á hunn-e fúr-a Neg. 2s. gäb-g hun-toot-i ha fúr-in Neg. 2p. gäb-g-á hun-tinoont-e ha fur-ín-a It is apparent that the Aff. Impt. forms in these three languages display a certain degree of similarity to each other, while their Neg. counterparts are considerably different. Indeed, Bilin has a Neg. suffix -()g-, Somali a Neg. prefix ha and a Neg. suffix -in-, and Sidamo the complex Neg. suffixes 2g. -toot- vs. 2p. -tinoont-. Nevertheless, disregarding the Neg. suffixes and the Somali Neg. prefix ha, the Neg. * A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the X Italian meeting of Hamito-Semitic (Afroasiatic) linguistics in April 2001 in Florence. The author is grateful to those who commented upon it, and to the friends and colleagues who answered with patience to his questions on several occasions, in particular Joachim Crass, Gideon Goldenberg, and Moreno Vergari. -
Dentality, Areal Features, and Phonological Change in Northeastern Bantu*
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 16, Number 3, December 1985 DENTALITY, AREAL FEATURES, AND PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE IN NORTHEASTERN BANTU* Derek Nurse University of British Columbia A minority of the world's languages appear to have a series of dental (as opposed to alveolar) obstruents. Proto-Bantu does not have such a series, nor do most East African Bantu lan guages. By contrast, three Bantu languages in northeastern Kenya (the northern Swahili dialects, Pokomo, E1wana) have ac quired such a series, which thus merits explanation. There are three mechanisms involved: (a) the borrowing of loan sounds along with loan vocabulary, (b) a simple phonological shift whereby inherited alveolars moved one place to become den tal, and (c) a more complicated shift whereby inherited (pre) palatals bypassed an intervening alveolar series to become den tal, a process little reported in the literature. It is hy pothesised that these forms of denta1isation took place u~der historical conditions of contact with neighboring Cushitic communities--not the larger Eastern Cushitic communities of today (Somali, Orma), but rather the ancestral forms of what are now remnant languages, (probably) Southern Cushitic Daha10 and (possible) Eastern Cushitic Aweera. 1. Introduction Our purpose is to attempt to explain the appearance of denta1ity as an areal innovation in the consonant systems of the Bantu (Sabaki) langua~es of the Lower Tana region of northeastern Kenya. A series of dental stops occurs in a minority of languages wor1d~ide. If we take the selection of 700 languages in Ruh1en [1976] to be representative of the world's languages, then we find the following. -
The Causative in Rendille
THE CAUSATIVE IN RENDILLE Günther Schlee Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere – Schriftenreihe des Kölner Instituts für Afrikanistik, No. 15 1988: 5–65 This is an electronic version of a paper I published in 1988. It is identical with the original text apart from technical changes. These comprise 1. The spelling of the Rendille examples has been adjusted to the conventions adopted later (e.g. Pillinger, Steve and Francis Letiwa Galboran, 1999, Rendille-English Dictionary, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe; Schlee, Günther and Karaba Sahado, 2002, Rendille Proverbs in their Social and Legal Context, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe). The consonant signs in the left column have been replaced by those in the right (in Rendille words only! In other languages other conventions have developed). c → ch d' → d d → 'd ħ → h h → 'h x → kh In some instances the ethnonym ‘Galla’, which I had taken over from my sources even though it was outdated even then, has been replaced by ‘Oromo’ which has evolved into the only accepted designation of that group. In 1988 I had been content with explaining in brackets that the group referred to by my sources as Galla are the Oromo. 2. Minor inconsistencies in diacritics on vowels have been left. I used to underline open vowels, but as the original text was type written (before the computer age!), underlining was also used as the type writer convention for italics. The distinction then became non- visible. It may not be phonemic anyhow. In the cases where underlining was visible in the original, I kept it. After h, a u becomes centralized (ü). -
Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages
Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages Gerrit J. Dimmendaal University of Cologne John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American 8 National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dimmendaal, Gerrit Jan. Historical linguistics and the comparative study of African languages / Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. African languages--Grammar, Comparative. 2. Historical linguistics. I. Title. PL8008.D56 2011 496--dc22 2011002759 isbn 978 90 272 1178 1 (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 1179 8 (Pb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 8722 9 (Eb) © 2011 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA UNCORRECTED PROOFS © JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY 1st proofs Table of contents Preface ix Figures xiii Maps xv Tables -
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 41, Number 2, 2012 WU Tong 吴桐
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 41, Number 2, 2012 PRENOMINAL RELATIVE CLAUSES IN ETHIOPIAN LANGUAGES: FROM INSIDE AND FROM OUTSIDE WU Tong 吴桐 NanKai University 南开大学 1. Introduction The Ethiopian Language Area – including Ethiopia and Eritrea, as traditionally conceived – has been the subject of many studies for more than half a century (Leslau 1945, Greenberg 1959: 24, Ferguson 1970, 1976, Heine 1975: 41, Appleyard 1989, Zarborski 1991, 2003, 2010, R. Hayward 2000, Crass 2002, Bender 2003, Bisang 2006, Crass & Meyer 2008), in spite of recent questioning of its integrity (Tosco 2000).* Studies supporting an Ethiopian Language Area identify a number of properties shared by Ethiopian languages.1 For example, Ferguson 1976 listed 26 features, Zaborski 2003 listed 28 features, and Crass & Meyer 2008 listed another 12 features. This study, to some extent following the above tradition, discusses a syntactic structure until now largely neglected, i.e., prenominal relative clauses. It aims to present a synthetizing study of the structure in Ethiopian languages. The Ethiopian Language Area seems to be the only area in Africa where there is strong concentration of languages with prenominal relative clauses (Dryer 2005). Even if Wu 2011’s typological study on prenominal relatives includes many prenominal-relative-clause languages, Ethiopian prenominal-relative-clause languages are poorly represented and only briefly discussed. This study can, therefore, be considered a * I thank Hayat Omar and Chloé Darmon for having helped me with Amharic data and Jason Overfelt for Tigrigna. I also thank the Laboratoire Dynamique du Language (CNRS, UMR 5596), where part of the work was done. I am indebted also to Marc Lee and the editorial office of Studies in African Linguistics for their proofreading and stylistic improvement. -
The Relationship Between the Later Stone Age and Iron Age Cultures of Central Tanzania
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LATER STONE AGE AND IRON AGE CULTURES OF CENTRAL TANZANIA Emanuel Thomas Kessy B.A. University of Dar es Salaam, 1991 M.Phi1. Cambridge University, 1992 DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Emanuel Thomas Kessy, 2005 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSlTY Spring 2005 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: Emanuel Thomas Kessy DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: The Relationship Between the Later Stone Age (LSA) and Iron Age (IA) Cultures of Central Tanzania EXAMINING COMMITTEE: Chair: Dongya Yang Assistant Professor Cathy D'Andre;, Associate Professor Senior Supervisor David Burley, Professor Diane Lyons, Assistant Professor University of Calgary Ross Jamieson, Assistant Professor Internal Examiner Adria LaViolette, Associate Professor University of Virginia External Examiner Date Approved: SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCE The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project nr extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, acd to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection. The author has further agreed that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author or the Dean of Graduate Studies.