Grammaticalization in Cushitic, with Special Reference to Beja Martine Vanhove
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The Grammaticalization of Demonstratives: a Comparative Analysis
Nicholas Catasso 7 Journal of Universal Language 12-1 March 2011, 7-46 The Grammaticalization of Demonstratives: A Comparative Analysis Nicholas Catasso Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia * Abstract An article, irrespective of its distribution across natural languages, dialects and varieties, is a member of the class of determiners which particularizes a noun according to language-specific principles of grammatical and semantic structuring. Definite articles in Indo- European languages – in those grammatical systems where they are present – are derived from ancient demonstratives through a grammaticalization process: given that demonstratives are deictic expressions (i.e. they depend on a frame of reference which is external to that of the speaker and of the interlocutor) with the role of selecting a referent or a set of referents, it is easy to understand what the role of “universal quantifier” of the, which is in English the prototypical – but questionable – example of definiteness, is due to. Demonstratives are frequently reanalyzed across languages as grammatical markers (very often as definite articles, but also as copulas, relative and third person pronouns, sentence connectives, Nicholas Catasso Dipartimento di Scienze del Linguaggio - Dorsoduro 3462 - VENEZIA 30123 (VE) Phone 0039-3463157243; Email: [email protected] Received Oct. 2010; Reviewed Dec. 2010; Revised version received Jan. 2011. 8 The Grammaticalization of Demonstratives: A Comparative Analysis focus markers, etc.). In this article I concentrate on the grammaticalization of the definite article in English, adopting a comparative-contrastive approach (including a wide range of Indo- European languages), given the complexity of the article. Keywords: grammaticalization, definite articles, English, Indo- European languages, definiteness 1. -
Beja Grammatical Sketch Martine Vanhove (LLACAN – CNRS, INALCO, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité)
Beja grammatical sketch Martine Vanhove (LLACAN – CNRS, INALCO, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité) Table of content TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. PHONOLOGY..................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. CONSONANT PHONEMES ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1. Allophones, free variation and phonological rules....................................................................................... 6 2.2. VOCALIC PHONEMES .................................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1. Allophones, free variation and phonological rules....................................................................................... 7 2.3. PHONOTACTICS......................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.4. STRESS ................................................................................................................................................................... -
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2017-05-17 Document version:5.2 Authors: Ethiopic Script Generation Panel Contents 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract ........................................................................................ 3 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ................................................................................................ 3 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It .................................................................... 4 3.1 Local Languages Using the Script .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Geographic Territories of the Language or the Language Map of Ethiopia ................................ 7 4 Overall Development Process and Methodology .............................................................................. 8 4.1 Sources Consulted to Determine the Repertoire....................................................................... 8 4.2 Team Composition and Diversity .............................................................................................. 9 4.3 Analysis of Code Point Repertoire .......................................................................................... 10 4.4 Analysis of Code Point Variants .............................................................................................. 11 5 Repertoire .................................................................................................................................... -
Nature Redacted September 7,2017 Certified By
The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirli BA, Middle East Technical University (2010) MA, Bogazigi University (2012) Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2017 2017 Isa Kerem Bayirli. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Author......................... ...... ............................. Departmeyf)/Linguistics and Philosophy Sic ;nature redacted September 7,2017 Certified by...... David Pesetsky Ferrari P. Ward Professor of Linguistics g nThesis Supervisor redacted Accepted by.................. Signature ...................................... David Pesetsky Lead, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEP 2 6 2017 LIBRARIES ARCHiVES The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirh Submitted to the Deparment of Linguistics and Philosophy on September 7, 2017 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Abstract In this dissertation, we develop and defend a universal theory of concord (i.e. feature sharing between a head noun and the modifying adjectives). When adjectives in a language show concord with the noun they modify, concord morphology usually involves the full set of features of that noun (e.g. gender, number and case). However, there are also languages in which concord targets only a subset of morphosyntactic features of the head noun. We first observe that feature combinations that enter into concord in such languages are not random. -
Plural Addressee Marker and Grammaticalization in Barayin
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SOAS Research Online Published as: Lovestrand, Joseph. 2018. Plural addressee marker and Pre-publication version grammaticalization in Barayin. Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 10(1) https://doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01001004 Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http:// eprints.soas.ac.uk/32651 Plural addressee marker and grammaticalization in Barayin Joseph Lovestrand, University of Oxford Abstract This article describes two distinct but related grammaticalization paths in Barayin, an East Chadic lan- guage. One path is from a first-person plural pronoun to a first-person dual pronoun. Synchronically, the pronominal forms in Barayin with first-person dual number must now be combined with a plural addressee enclitic, nà, to create a first-person plural pronoun. This path is identical to what has been documented in Philippine-type languages. The other path is from a first-person dative suffix to a suffix dedicated to first-person hortative. This path of grammaticalization has not been discussed in the literature. It occurred in several related languages, and each in case results in a hortative form with a dual subject. Hortative forms with a plural subject are created by adding a plural addressee marker to the dual form. The plural addressee marker in Chadic languages is derived from a second-person pronominal. Keywords Chadic, Barayin, hortative, dual, pronouns, diachronic1 1 Introduction This paper describes two distinct but related grammaticalization paths in Barayin [bva] and other lan- guages of the Guera subbranch of East Chadic languages (East Chadic B). -
The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: G Linguistics & Education Volume 15 Issue 12 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language By Ibrahim Bedane Madda Walabu University, Ethiopia Abstract- Many people have spent their lives in search of language origin and have made great efforts to discover which language is the mother of all other languages (Mother language). As their efforts were not rightly directed, they could not achieve success. Thus, this paper examines the origin of Afaan Oromo and its impact on theories of languages and language origin. In the area of language and language origin, this paper argued that Afaan Oromo has unique properties to offer the field, or at least the richness that is provided by the majority of words creation offers basic and unusual opportunities for theoretically-minded theories. In both cases what we have learned from Afaan Oromo has provided us major insight into the nature of language origin and mother language. No wonder, ‘One of the best-kept secrets of the Afaan Oromo is the predictability, clarity, source imitating and/or conceptually approximating nature and rules of roots and its verb inflections’. Afaan Oromo is purely natural nature based language. Each and every roots of Afaan Oromo were created from either corresponding Sounds or available roots and thus, converges to sounds proximate to it. Keywords: afaan oromo, imitative root, mother language, root system, root creation, sign, sound, symbolic root, 5s acquisition process. -
Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios
Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 16 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Chief Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. ISSN: 2363-5568 Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language science press Walter Bisang & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). 2017. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios (Studies in Diversity Linguistics -
Festschrift Voigt Riformattata -Nrr
In Bogdan Burtea, Josef Tropper and Helen Younansardaroud (eds.), Studia semitica et semitohamitica - Festschrift für Rainer M. Voigt anläßlich seines 60. Geburtstages am 17. Januar 2004. Pp. 55-91. Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2004. COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE CUSHITIC IMPERATIVE Giorgio Banti (Naples)* Introduction. All Cushitic languages1 have a special set of verbal forms that are used when issuing commands to one or more addressees. This set is commonly referred to as Imperative (Impt.). A considerably different set of forms is used for negative commands in several of these languages. As an example, the two sets used in Bilin, Sidamo, and Somali are shown in (1). (1) Affirmative (Aff.) and negative (Neg.) Impt. forms in one Agaw and two East Cushitic languages Bilin Sidamo Somali gäb- “refuse” hun- “destroy” fur- “open” Aff. 2s. gäb-í hun-i fúr Aff. 2p. gäb-á hunn-e fúr-a Neg. 2s. gäb-g hun-toot-i ha fúr-in Neg. 2p. gäb-g-á hun-tinoont-e ha fur-ín-a It is apparent that the Aff. Impt. forms in these three languages display a certain degree of similarity to each other, while their Neg. counterparts are considerably different. Indeed, Bilin has a Neg. suffix -()g-, Somali a Neg. prefix ha and a Neg. suffix -in-, and Sidamo the complex Neg. suffixes 2g. -toot- vs. 2p. -tinoont-. Nevertheless, disregarding the Neg. suffixes and the Somali Neg. prefix ha, the Neg. * A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the X Italian meeting of Hamito-Semitic (Afroasiatic) linguistics in April 2001 in Florence. The author is grateful to those who commented upon it, and to the friends and colleagues who answered with patience to his questions on several occasions, in particular Joachim Crass, Gideon Goldenberg, and Moreno Vergari. -
Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto De Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic
Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic To cite this version: Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova, Dejan Stosic. Introduction: Complex Adpo- sitions and Complex Nominal Relators. Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Dejan Stosic, Elena Smirnova. Complex Adpositions in European Languages : A Micro-Typological Approach to Com- plex Nominal Relators, 65, De Gruyter Mouton, pp.1-30, 2020, Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, 978-3-11-068664-7. 10.1515/9783110686647-001. halshs-03087872 HAL Id: halshs-03087872 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03087872 Submitted on 24 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Benjamin Fagard, José Pinto de Lima, Elena Smirnova & Dejan Stosic Introduction: Complex Adpositions and Complex Nominal Relators Benjamin Fagard CNRS, ENS & Paris Sorbonne Nouvelle; PSL Lattice laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France [email protected] -
Dentality, Areal Features, and Phonological Change in Northeastern Bantu*
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 16, Number 3, December 1985 DENTALITY, AREAL FEATURES, AND PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE IN NORTHEASTERN BANTU* Derek Nurse University of British Columbia A minority of the world's languages appear to have a series of dental (as opposed to alveolar) obstruents. Proto-Bantu does not have such a series, nor do most East African Bantu lan guages. By contrast, three Bantu languages in northeastern Kenya (the northern Swahili dialects, Pokomo, E1wana) have ac quired such a series, which thus merits explanation. There are three mechanisms involved: (a) the borrowing of loan sounds along with loan vocabulary, (b) a simple phonological shift whereby inherited alveolars moved one place to become den tal, and (c) a more complicated shift whereby inherited (pre) palatals bypassed an intervening alveolar series to become den tal, a process little reported in the literature. It is hy pothesised that these forms of denta1isation took place u~der historical conditions of contact with neighboring Cushitic communities--not the larger Eastern Cushitic communities of today (Somali, Orma), but rather the ancestral forms of what are now remnant languages, (probably) Southern Cushitic Daha10 and (possible) Eastern Cushitic Aweera. 1. Introduction Our purpose is to attempt to explain the appearance of denta1ity as an areal innovation in the consonant systems of the Bantu (Sabaki) langua~es of the Lower Tana region of northeastern Kenya. A series of dental stops occurs in a minority of languages wor1d~ide. If we take the selection of 700 languages in Ruh1en [1976] to be representative of the world's languages, then we find the following. -
Similative Morphemes As Purpose Clause Markers in Ethiopia and Beyond Yvonne Treis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte a LUniversite Lyon 2 Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis To cite this version: Yvonne Treis. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond. 2016. <hal-01351924> HAL Id: hal-01351924 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01351924 Submitted on 4 Aug 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis LLACAN (CNRS, INALCO, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité) Abstract In more than 30 languages spoken at the Horn of Africa, a similative morpheme ‘like’ or a noun ‘manner’ or ‘type’ is used as a marker of purpose clauses. The paper first elaborates on the many functions of the enclitic morpheme =g ‘manner’ in Kambaata (Highland East Cushitic), which is used, among others, as a marker of the standard in similative and equative comparison (‘like’, ‘as’), of temporal clauses of immediate anteriority (‘as soon as’), of complement clauses (‘that’) and, most notably, of purpose clauses (‘in order to’). -
The Beja Language Today in Sudan: the State of the Art in Linguistics Martine Vanhove
The Beja Language Today in Sudan: The State of the Art in Linguistics Martine Vanhove To cite this version: Martine Vanhove. The Beja Language Today in Sudan: The State of the Art in Linguistics. Proceed- ings of the 7th International Sudan Studies Conference April 6th - 8th 2006. Bergen, Norway, 2006, Bergen, Norway. pp.CD Rom. halshs-00010091 HAL Id: halshs-00010091 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00010091 Submitted on 10 Apr 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 2006. Proceedings of the 7th International Sudan Studies Conference April 6th – 8th 2006. Bergen, Norway. CD Rom, Bergen: University of Bergen. THE BEJA LANGUAGE TODAY IN SUDAN: THE STATE OF THE ART IN LINGUISTICS MARTINE VANHOVE (LLACAN, UMR 8135 - CNRS, INALCO) 1 INTRODUCTION The Beja language is spoken in the eastern part of the Sudan by some 1,100,000 Muslim people, according to the 1998 census. It belongs to the Cushitic family of the Afro-Asiatic genetic stock. It is the sole member of its northern branch, and is so different from other Cushitic languages in many respects and especially as regards to the lexicon, that the American linguist, Robert Hetzron (1980), thought it best to set it apart from Cushitic as an independent branch of Afro-Asiatic.