Studies in African Linguistics Volume 41, Number 2, 2012 WU Tong 吴桐
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1 Omotic Utterance Type, Mood and Attitude Markers and Linguistic
1 Omotic Utterance type, Mood and Attitude Markers and Linguistic Typology Leiden University, 23-25 October 2008 Imperative: the grammar of a clause type Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald 1 Imperatives: the illusion of simplicity Most — if not all — languages of the world have a special, imperative, clause type, whose prototypical function is to express a directive speech act — in other words, to give orders, formulate requests, wishes, pleas, etc.1 As Whitney (1891: 215) put it, the imperative in Sanskrit 'signifies a command or injunction — an attempt at the exercise of the speaker's will upon someone or something outside of himself [themself - A. A.]. This, however (in Sanskrit as in other languages), is by no means always of the same force: the command slides off into a demand, an exhortation, an entreaty, an expression of earnest desire'. Non-imperative forms — statements, questions, exclamations — are frequently co- opted to express varied overtones of 'directive meanings', intruding into the imperative domain. Defining the exact semantic span of a versatile imperative is not an easy task. Nonetheless, in many languages imperatives stand clearly apart from other clause types in 1 The exact semantic definition of the conceptual domains covered by imperatives is a much- debated issue; for instance, van der Auwera (2006) defines them as 'constructions of grammar that typically express a state of affairs as desirable by the speaker and that furthermore appeal to the hearer(s) to fulfil the desire'; also see Jespersen (1924), Davies (1986: 43-66), König and Siemund (2007), Jakobson (1965), and many more. Yet there are hardly any problems in defining what an imperative is in each particular language. -
Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008)
Local History of Ethiopia Ma - Mezzo © Bernhard Lindahl (2008) ma, maa (O) why? HES37 Ma 1258'/3813' 2093 m, near Deresge 12/38 [Gz] HES37 Ma Abo (church) 1259'/3812' 2549 m 12/38 [Gz] JEH61 Maabai (plain) 12/40 [WO] HEM61 Maaga (Maago), see Mahago HEU35 Maago 2354 m 12/39 [LM WO] HEU71 Maajeraro (Ma'ajeraro) 1320'/3931' 2345 m, 13/39 [Gz] south of Mekele -- Maale language, an Omotic language spoken in the Bako-Gazer district -- Maale people, living at some distance to the north-west of the Konso HCC.. Maale (area), east of Jinka 05/36 [x] ?? Maana, east of Ankar in the north-west 12/37? [n] JEJ40 Maandita (area) 12/41 [WO] HFF31 Maaquddi, see Meakudi maar (T) honey HFC45 Maar (Amba Maar) 1401'/3706' 1151 m 14/37 [Gz] HEU62 Maara 1314'/3935' 1940 m 13/39 [Gu Gz] JEJ42 Maaru (area) 12/41 [WO] maass..: masara (O) castle, temple JEJ52 Maassarra (area) 12/41 [WO] Ma.., see also Me.. -- Mabaan (Burun), name of a small ethnic group, numbering 3,026 at one census, but about 23 only according to the 1994 census maber (Gurage) monthly Christian gathering where there is an orthodox church HET52 Maber 1312'/3838' 1996 m 13/38 [WO Gz] mabera: mabara (O) religious organization of a group of men or women JEC50 Mabera (area), cf Mebera 11/41 [WO] mabil: mebil (mäbil) (A) food, eatables -- Mabil, Mavil, name of a Mecha Oromo tribe HDR42 Mabil, see Koli, cf Mebel JEP96 Mabra 1330'/4116' 126 m, 13/41 [WO Gz] near the border of Eritrea, cf Mebera HEU91 Macalle, see Mekele JDK54 Macanis, see Makanissa HDM12 Macaniso, see Makaniso HES69 Macanna, see Makanna, and also Mekane Birhan HFF64 Macargot, see Makargot JER02 Macarra, see Makarra HES50 Macatat, see Makatat HDH78 Maccanissa, see Makanisa HDE04 Macchi, se Meki HFF02 Macden, see May Mekden (with sub-post office) macha (O) 1. -
2019-2020 CAS Research Report
CENTER FOR AFRICAN STUDIES RESEARCH REPORT 2019-2020 THE CENTER WOULD LIKE TO THANK Modesta Abugu for coordinating the project and Jenna Agres for design and layout. Cover photos courtesy of Sebastian Elischer, Yekatit Tsehayu, Frederick Madore, and Vincent Girier Dufournier. TABLEtable of contents OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE CENTER ..............................................................................................................................................................................................4 FROM THE DIRECTOR ............................................................................................................................................................................................6 NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP ...........................................................................................................8 CHINA-AFRICA WORKING GROUP ..............................................................................................................................................................9 WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN LIVESTOCK VACCINE VALUE CHAINS ...............................................................................10 CPET GLOBAL HEALTH INSTITUTE ............................................................................................................................................................11 RESEARCH TUTORIALS ABROAD ..............................................................................................................................................................12 -
The Grammar of Space of Gawwada
Proceedings, 6th World Congress of African Linguistics, Cologne 2009 523 Brenzinger, M. & A.-M. Fehn (eds.) Cologne: Köppe. Pp. 523-532. The grammar of space of Gawwada Mauro Tosco, University of Turin 1. The language and the people1 Gawwada (/kawwaɗa/; Ethnologue code: GWD)2 is a language of South-West Ethiopia and a member of the so-called Dullay dialect cluster of East Cushitic. “Gawwada” is used here for the dialect spoken in the town of Gawwada (approximately at 5°25’ N, 37°14’ E) and in the neighbouring villages. The town lies approximately 40 km.s westwards of Konso town, a dozen kilometers North of the main road leading from Konso to Jinka and the Omo valley. The Dullay-speakers have no overall ethnonym. The label “Dullay” was originally proposed by AMBORN, MINKER and SASSE (1980) and is the name of the river known in Amharic as Weyt’o; this is perhaps the most salient geographic feature of the area (actually, the river divides the westernmost group, the Ts’amakko, from all the other Dullay-speaking peoples). In Ethiopia, “Gawwada” is officially used nowadays as a cover term for all the Dullay-speaking groups except the Ts’amakko, who live on the western bank of the Weyt’o river. The practice of labelling all the Dullay-speakers except the Ts’amakko as “Gawwada” is reflected, e.g., in the 1994 Ethiopian Census, according to which there were 32,636 “Gawwada”. The census further counted 8,621 speakers of Ts’amakko, bringing the total number of the Dullay-speakers at that time to approximately 42,000. -
Similative Morphemes As Purpose Clause Markers in Ethiopia and Beyond Yvonne Treis
Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis To cite this version: Yvonne Treis. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond. Yvonne Treis; Martine Vanhove. Similative and Equative Constructions: A cross-linguistic perspective, 117, John Benjamins, pp.91-142, 2017, Typological Studies in Language, ISBN 9789027206985. hal-01351924 HAL Id: hal-01351924 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01351924 Submitted on 4 Aug 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis LLACAN (CNRS, INALCO, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité) Abstract In more than 30 languages spoken at the Horn of Africa, a similative morpheme ‘like’ or a noun ‘manner’ or ‘type’ is used as a marker of purpose clauses. The paper first elaborates on the many functions of the enclitic morpheme =g ‘manner’ in Kambaata (Highland East Cushitic), which is used, among others, as a marker of the standard in similative and equative comparison (‘like’, ‘as’), of temporal clauses of immediate anteriority (‘as soon as’), of complement clauses (‘that’) and, most notably, of purpose clauses (‘in order to’). -
Nature Redacted September 7,2017 Certified By
The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirli BA, Middle East Technical University (2010) MA, Bogazigi University (2012) Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 2017 2017 Isa Kerem Bayirli. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature redacted Author......................... ...... ............................. Departmeyf)/Linguistics and Philosophy Sic ;nature redacted September 7,2017 Certified by...... David Pesetsky Ferrari P. Ward Professor of Linguistics g nThesis Supervisor redacted Accepted by.................. Signature ...................................... David Pesetsky Lead, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEP 2 6 2017 LIBRARIES ARCHiVES The Universality of Concord by Isa Kerem Bayirh Submitted to the Deparment of Linguistics and Philosophy on September 7, 2017 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics Abstract In this dissertation, we develop and defend a universal theory of concord (i.e. feature sharing between a head noun and the modifying adjectives). When adjectives in a language show concord with the noun they modify, concord morphology usually involves the full set of features of that noun (e.g. gender, number and case). However, there are also languages in which concord targets only a subset of morphosyntactic features of the head noun. We first observe that feature combinations that enter into concord in such languages are not random. -
Dependency-Based Tigrinya Grammar Checker
Addis Ababa University College of Natural and Computational Sciences Dependency-based Tigrinya Grammar Checker Mehammedbrhan Abdelkadr Gidey A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science Addis Ababa, Ethiopia March 2021 Addis Ababa University College of Natural and Computational Sciences Mehammedbrhan Abdelkadr Gidey Advisor: Yaregal Assabie (PhD) This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Mehammedbrhan Abdelkadr Gidey, titled: Dependency-based Tigrinya Grammar Checker and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: Name Signature Date Advisor: Yaregal Assabie (PhD) __________ __________ Examiner: Dida Midekso (PhD) __________ __________ Examiner: Minale Ashagrie (PhD) __________ __________ Abstract Grammar checking is the process of checking for grammatical correctness by verifying the syntax and morphology of a sentence according to the used language. For languages such As English, Arabic, Afaan Oromo, and Amharic, many efforts have been made to develop grammar checking systems. Because natural languages differ in their morphology and grammar, it's difficult to apply a grammar checker of one language to another. Although an attempt was made to develop a grammar checker for Tigrinya, the grammar checker is unable to identify the relationship between words in a sentence, parsing complex and compound sentences, and it produces possible sentence structures with syntactically correct but semantically non-sense sentences. The use of phrase- structure grammar notation for statistical and rule-based methods causes the majority of these issues because it has a complicated representation but it allows a limited level of grammar analysis. -
Festschrift Voigt Riformattata -Nrr
In Bogdan Burtea, Josef Tropper and Helen Younansardaroud (eds.), Studia semitica et semitohamitica - Festschrift für Rainer M. Voigt anläßlich seines 60. Geburtstages am 17. Januar 2004. Pp. 55-91. Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2004. COMPARATIVE NOTES ON THE CUSHITIC IMPERATIVE Giorgio Banti (Naples)* Introduction. All Cushitic languages1 have a special set of verbal forms that are used when issuing commands to one or more addressees. This set is commonly referred to as Imperative (Impt.). A considerably different set of forms is used for negative commands in several of these languages. As an example, the two sets used in Bilin, Sidamo, and Somali are shown in (1). (1) Affirmative (Aff.) and negative (Neg.) Impt. forms in one Agaw and two East Cushitic languages Bilin Sidamo Somali gäb- “refuse” hun- “destroy” fur- “open” Aff. 2s. gäb-í hun-i fúr Aff. 2p. gäb-á hunn-e fúr-a Neg. 2s. gäb-g hun-toot-i ha fúr-in Neg. 2p. gäb-g-á hun-tinoont-e ha fur-ín-a It is apparent that the Aff. Impt. forms in these three languages display a certain degree of similarity to each other, while their Neg. counterparts are considerably different. Indeed, Bilin has a Neg. suffix -()g-, Somali a Neg. prefix ha and a Neg. suffix -in-, and Sidamo the complex Neg. suffixes 2g. -toot- vs. 2p. -tinoont-. Nevertheless, disregarding the Neg. suffixes and the Somali Neg. prefix ha, the Neg. * A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the X Italian meeting of Hamito-Semitic (Afroasiatic) linguistics in April 2001 in Florence. The author is grateful to those who commented upon it, and to the friends and colleagues who answered with patience to his questions on several occasions, in particular Joachim Crass, Gideon Goldenberg, and Moreno Vergari. -
A Morphosyntactic Investigation of Nominal Possession in Tigrinya
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-05-28 Projecting possessors: A Morphosyntactic Investigation of Nominal Possession in Tigrinya Gebregziabher, Keffyalew Gebregziabher, K. (2013). Projecting possessors: A Morphosyntactic Investigation of Nominal Possession in Tigrinya (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27453 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/741 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Projecting possessors: A Morphosyntactic Investigation of Nominal Possession in Tigrinya By Keffyalew Gebregziabher A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS CALGARY, ALBERTA May 2013 © Keffyalew Gebregziabher 2013 Abstract In this dissertation, I examine the grammatical expression of possession in Tigrinya, a lesser-studied Semitic language of Ethiopia and Eritrea. I show that possession in Tigrinya is encoded by two strategies, which differ in both structure and function: (i) PREDICATIONAL STRATEGY has the particle nay and is used for alienable possession; (ii) ARGUMENTAL STRATEGY or BARE POSSESSION has no nay and is used for inalienable possession. To account for such differences, I propose different treatments for both types of possession. -
Similative Morphemes As Purpose Clause Markers in Ethiopia and Beyond Yvonne Treis
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte a LUniversite Lyon 2 Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis To cite this version: Yvonne Treis. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond. 2016. <hal-01351924> HAL Id: hal-01351924 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01351924 Submitted on 4 Aug 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Similative morphemes as purpose clause markers in Ethiopia and beyond Yvonne Treis LLACAN (CNRS, INALCO, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité) Abstract In more than 30 languages spoken at the Horn of Africa, a similative morpheme ‘like’ or a noun ‘manner’ or ‘type’ is used as a marker of purpose clauses. The paper first elaborates on the many functions of the enclitic morpheme =g ‘manner’ in Kambaata (Highland East Cushitic), which is used, among others, as a marker of the standard in similative and equative comparison (‘like’, ‘as’), of temporal clauses of immediate anteriority (‘as soon as’), of complement clauses (‘that’) and, most notably, of purpose clauses (‘in order to’). -
Aspects of Tigrinya Literature
ASPECTS OF TIGRINYA LITERATURE (UNTIL 1974) BY HAILTJ HABTU Thesis submitted for the degree of M*Phil® at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London* June* 1981* ProQuest Number: 10673017 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673017 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to study the origin and deve lopment of Tigrinya as a written language-a topic that has so far received little scholarly attention. As time and the easy accessibility of all the relevant material are limiting factors,this investigation is necessarily selective. Chapter One takes stock of all available writing in the Tigrinya language frcm its beginning in the middle of the last century up to 1974. Chapter Two briefly investigates the development of writ ten Tigrinya to serve varying functions and ends and the general direction that its development took. Chapter Three provides a glimpse of the breadth and variety of literature incorporated in the Eritrean Weekly News published in Asmara by the British Information Services frcm 1942 to 1952. -
THEIL+Is+Omotic+Afroasiatic.Pdf
Is Omotic Afroasiatic? A Critical Discussion. Rolf Theil Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies University of Oslo, Norway 1 Introduction Omotic, a group of 25–30 languages spoken in southwestern Ethiopia, is regarded as a family whose interior classification is presented in Table 1. The three main branches, South Omotic, North Omotic, and Mao, are very distantly related. Table 1: The branches of the Omotic language family (Hayward 2003) South Omotic Hamar, Aari, Dime North Omotic DIZOID Dizi, Sheko, Nayi TA-NE LANGUAGES Gonga Kafa, Shakicho (Mocha), Shinasha, Anfillo Gimojan Gimira Bench, She Ometo-C'ara C’ara North Ometo Wolaitta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, Malo, Basketo, Oyda East Ometo Zayse, Zargulla, Harro and other lacustrine varities, Koorete South Ometo Maale Yem (earlier known as 'Janjero') Yem Mao Mao of Begi, Mao of Bambeshi, Diddesa OM(otic)1 is generally regarded as a branch Afroasiatic. This paper is a discussion of the arguments for this AA affiliation, the OM Theory (Lamberti 1991). I claim to show that no con- vincing arguments have been presented, and that OM should be regarded as an independent language family. No closer 1 Cf. list of abbreviations at the end of the paper. genetic relations have been demonstrated between OM and AA than between OM and any other language family. 2 Joseph H. Greenberg Greenberg (1963) divided the languages of Africa into 4 fami- lies, Niger-Kordofanian, AA, Nilo-Saharan, and Khoisan. He divided AA into 5 branches, SE(mitic), EG(yptian), BE(rber), CH(adic), and CU(shitic), and CU into 5 subbranches, North, Central, East, West, and South CU.