The Origin of Afaan Oromo: Mother Language
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European Academic Research
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 6/ September 2016 Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) ISSN 2286-4822 DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) www.euacademic.org Challenges and Opportunities of Indigenous Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Oromia Regional State: The Case of Rayitu Woreda, Bale Zone ENDALKACHEW BIRHAN1 MA in Governance and Development Studies Civic and Ethical Studies Course Team School of Behavioral Science, Madda Walabu University Bale-Robe, Ethiopia GIRMA BEKELE MA in Peace and Security Civic and Ethical Studies Course Team School of Behavioral Science, Madda Walabu University Bale-Robe, Ethiopia INTRODUCTION Conflicts are natural to human beings, but the process of handling them may either escalate or reduce and ultimately solve them. Conflict resolution can be processed through either the courts (western judiciary model) or the indigenous system through the customary process. In contemporary society, indigenous people live in two overlapping worlds, the Western and Traditional, and neither is fully capable of dealing with disputes involving indigenous people (NADRAC, 2006:3). The modern state legal system governs the lives of the towns‟ people and those of the highlander farmers who live close enough to urban centers to fall under the influence of urban customs (Dolores A. and Donovan et al. 2003). 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] 5482 Endalkachew Birhan, Girma Bekele- Challenges and Opportunities of Indigenous Conflict Resolution Mechanism in Oromia Regional State: The Case of Rayitu Woreda, Bale Zone According to the economic commission for Africa (2007), indigenous conflict resolution mechanism is helpful for controlling and resolving conflicts in Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular. -
Spatio-Temporal Trends and Variability of Temperature Over Bale Zone, Ethiopia
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2, December 2019 Spatio-Temporal Trends and Variability of Temperature Over Bale Zone, Ethiopia Dereje Tolosa Moti, Fitsum Tilahun Teshome, Hosaena Mesfin G/tsadik Abstract: Understanding of temperature trends and their These are helpful to understanding and predicting weather spatiotemporal variability has great significances on making deep and climate changes. According to recent report released by insight for planners, managers, professionals and decision Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), the makers of water resources and agriculture. Therefore, this earth’s temperature has increased by 0.74° C between 1906 research was set with aim to analyze spatiotemporal variability of and 2005 [1]. There is also a global trend for increased temperature and their time series trends over Bale Zone. Statistical analysis: Parametric test with regression analysis on occurrence of droughts, as well as heavy rainfall events over the anomalies like deviation from mean and Non-parametric test the world. Cold days, cold nights and frost have become less with Mann-Kendall test together with Sen’s Slope Estimator & Zs common, while hot days, hot nights and heat waves have statistics has been used for estimation of trends of a historical data become more frequent. The IPCC has predicted that the series of monthly, seasonal and annually maximum and temperature rise by the end of this century is likely to be in the minimum temperature of selected meteorological stations in Bale range 1.5 to 4.0 °C. It is also likely that in future tropical Zone. -
519 Ethiopia Report With
Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Ethiopia: A New Start? T • ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY KJETIL TRONVOLL ETHIOPIA: A NEW START? Acknowledgements Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully © Minority Rights Group 2000 acknowledges the support of Bilance, Community Aid All rights reserved Abroad, Dan Church Aid, Government of Norway, ICCO Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- and all other organizations and individuals who gave commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- financial and other assistance for this Report. mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. For further information please contact MRG. This Report has been commissioned and is published by A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the ISBN 1 897 693 33 8 issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the ISSN 0305 6252 author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in Published April 2000 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. Typset by Texture Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Tadesse Tafesse (Programme Coordinator) and Katrina Payne (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR KJETIL TRONVOLL is a Research Fellow and Horn of Ethiopian elections for the Constituent Assembly in 1994, Africa Programme Director at the Norwegian Institute of and the Federal and Regional Assemblies in 1995. -
Ethiopia Toponymic Factfile
TOPONYMIC FACTFILE Ethiopia Country name Ethiopia State title Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Name of citizen Ethiopian Official language(s)1 Amharic (amh)2 Country name in official language(s) ኢትዮጵያ (Ītiyop’iya) የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (YeĪtiyop’iya State title in official language(s) Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpeblīk) Script Amharic (also seen as Ge’ez or Ethiopic script3) Romanization System BGN/PCGN Romanization of Amharic, 1967 ISO-3166 code (alpha-2/alpha-3) ET/ETH Capital (Conventional name) Addis Ababa4 Capital in official language (romanized in አዲስ አበባ (Ādīs Ābeba)5 brackets) Population c.115 million6 Introduction Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa, sharing international boundaries with Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and South Sudan. It is similar in size to South Africa and Egypt, and is the 2nd most populous country in Africa (after Nigeria). Until 1993, Eritrea was incorporated as part of Ethiopia. Ethiopia was occupied by Italy from 1936 to 1941, but otherwise has not been colonised by a European power. Geographical names policy PCGN policy for geographical names in Ethiopia is to apply the BGN/PCGN 1967 Romanization System for Amharic to names in their original script forms. This system is used on official US and UK cartographic products. 1 As of February 2020, four regional languages have been elevated to the status of working federal government languages: Oromo; Tigrinya; Somali and Afar. 2 ISO 639 codes are given for languages mentioned in this Factfile. 3 Ge’ez (or Ethiopic) is a group name for a number of alphabets, including Tigrinya and Amharic: they are ‘abugida’ scripts, in which each character carries an inherent vowel (e.g. -
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR
Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2017-05-17 Document version:5.2 Authors: Ethiopic Script Generation Panel Contents 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract ........................................................................................ 3 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ................................................................................................ 3 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It .................................................................... 4 3.1 Local Languages Using the Script .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Geographic Territories of the Language or the Language Map of Ethiopia ................................ 7 4 Overall Development Process and Methodology .............................................................................. 8 4.1 Sources Consulted to Determine the Repertoire....................................................................... 8 4.2 Team Composition and Diversity .............................................................................................. 9 4.3 Analysis of Code Point Repertoire .......................................................................................... 10 4.4 Analysis of Code Point Variants .............................................................................................. 11 5 Repertoire .................................................................................................................................... -
University of Kent the Development of Oromo
Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Degeneh Bijiga, Teferi (2015) The Development of Oromo Writing System. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/52387/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html University of Kent The Development of Oromo Writing System A Thesis By Teferi Degeneh Bijiga School of European Culture and Languages Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. November, 2015 Abstract The development and use of languages for official, education, religion, etc. purposes have been a major political issue in many developing multilingual countries. A number of these countries, including China and India, have recognised the issues and developed language policies that have provided some ethnic groups with the right to develop their languages and cultures by using writing systems based on scripts suitable for these purposes. -
Partial List of Mass Execution of Oromos and Other Nation And
Udenrigsudvalget 2013-14 URU Alm.del Bilag 174 Offentligt Partial list of Mass execution of Oromos and other nation and nationalities of Ethiopia (Documented by Oromo Liberation Front Information and Research Unit, March 2014) Injustice anywhere is injustice everywhere!!! Ethiopia is one of the Countries at Genocide Risk in accordance with Genocide Watch’s Report released on March 12, 2013. •Genocide Watch considers Ethiopia to have already reached Stage 7, genocidal massacres, against many of its peoples, including the Anuak, Ogadeni, Oromo and Omo tribes. •We recommend that the United States government immediately cease all military assistance to the Ethiopian Peoples Defense Forces. We also recommend strong diplomatic protests to the Meles Zenawi regime against massive violations of human rights in Ethiopia Article 281 of the Ethiopian Penal Code : Genocide; Crimes against Humanity Whosoever, with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, religious or political group, organizes, orders or engages in, be it in time of war or in time of peace: (a) killings, bodily harm or serious injury to the physical or mental health of members of the group, in any way whatsoever; or (b) measures to prevent the propagation or continued survival of its members or their progeny; or (c) the compulsory movement or dispersion of peoples or children, or their placing under living conditions calculated to result in their death or disappearance, is punishable with rigorous imprisonment from five years to life, or, in cases of exceptional -
The Case of Madda Walabu University—Ethiopia
Open Access Library Journal 2020, Volume 7, e6367 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 The Status of Teachers’ Professional Development and Code of Ethics: The Case of Madda Walabu University —Ethiopia Awol Ahmed Mohammed Department of Educational Planning and Management, College of Education and Behavioural Studies, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia How to cite this paper: Mohammed, A.A. Abstract (2020) The Status of Teachers’ Professional Development and Code of Ethics: The Case The purpose of the study is to investigate the status of teachers’ professional of Madda Walabu University—Ethiopia. development and code of ethics in Madda Walabu University. The study is Open Access Library Journal, 7: e6367. guided by positivism and constructivism. Mixed method (both quantitative https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106367 and qualitative) is employed in the study. The researcher has collected ques- Received: April 27, 2020 tionnaire randomly from 196 of the university teachers (176 males and 20 Accepted: June 15, 2020 females). To substantiate the study in-depth interview was collected from 8 Published: June 18, 2020 purposely selected academic leaders. Moreover document analysis was made Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Open by interpreting semester, annual and strategic plan. The result of the study Access Library Inc. indicated, the majority of the teachers luck professional skills of teaching and This work is licensed under the Creative pedagogy. The majority replied that they are not attributed to attractive salary Commons Attribution International and other monetary incentives. There is loose bond between the teachers and License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ the students. -
Referral Systems for Preterm, Low Birth Weight, and Sick Newborns in Ethiopia: a Qualitative Assessment Alula M
Teklu et al. BMC Pediatrics (2020) 20:409 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02311-6 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Referral systems for preterm, low birth weight, and sick newborns in Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment Alula M. Teklu1, James A. Litch2* , Alemu Tesfahun3, Eskinder Wolka4, Berhe Dessalegn Tuamay5, Hagos Gidey6, Wondimye Ashenafi Cheru7, Kirsten Senturia2, Wendemaghen Gezahegn1 and And the Every Preemie–SCALE Ethiopia Implementation Research Collaboration Group Abstract Background: A responsive and well-functioning newborn referral system is a cornerstone to the continuum of child health care; however, health system and client-related barriers negatively impact the referral system. Due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of newborn referral processes, studies on newborn referral systems have been limited. The objective of this study was to assess the barriers for effective functioning of the referral system for preterm, low birth weight, and sick newborns across the primary health care units in 3 contrasting regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A qualitative assessment using interviews with mothers of preterm, low birth weight, and sick newborns, interviews with facility leaders, and focus group discussions with health care providers was conducted in selected health facilities. Data were coded using an iteratively developed codebook and synthesized using thematic content analysis. Results: Gaps and barriers in the newborn referral system were identified in 3 areas: transport and referral communication; availability of, and adherence to newborn referral protocols; and family reluctance or refusal of newborn referral. Specifically, the most commonly noted barriers in both urban and rural settings were lack of ambulance, uncoordinated referral and return referral communications between providers and between facilities, unavailability or non-adherence to newborn referral protocols, family fear of the unknown, expectation of infant death despite referral, and patient costs related to referral. -
Dentality, Areal Features, and Phonological Change in Northeastern Bantu*
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 16, Number 3, December 1985 DENTALITY, AREAL FEATURES, AND PHONOLOGICAL CHANGE IN NORTHEASTERN BANTU* Derek Nurse University of British Columbia A minority of the world's languages appear to have a series of dental (as opposed to alveolar) obstruents. Proto-Bantu does not have such a series, nor do most East African Bantu lan guages. By contrast, three Bantu languages in northeastern Kenya (the northern Swahili dialects, Pokomo, E1wana) have ac quired such a series, which thus merits explanation. There are three mechanisms involved: (a) the borrowing of loan sounds along with loan vocabulary, (b) a simple phonological shift whereby inherited alveolars moved one place to become den tal, and (c) a more complicated shift whereby inherited (pre) palatals bypassed an intervening alveolar series to become den tal, a process little reported in the literature. It is hy pothesised that these forms of denta1isation took place u~der historical conditions of contact with neighboring Cushitic communities--not the larger Eastern Cushitic communities of today (Somali, Orma), but rather the ancestral forms of what are now remnant languages, (probably) Southern Cushitic Daha10 and (possible) Eastern Cushitic Aweera. 1. Introduction Our purpose is to attempt to explain the appearance of denta1ity as an areal innovation in the consonant systems of the Bantu (Sabaki) langua~es of the Lower Tana region of northeastern Kenya. A series of dental stops occurs in a minority of languages wor1d~ide. If we take the selection of 700 languages in Ruh1en [1976] to be representative of the world's languages, then we find the following. -
Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers
MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY WORKING PAPERS WORKING PAPER NO. 103 GÜNTHER SCHLEE ETHNOPOLITICS AND GABRA ORigiNS Halle / Saale 2008 ISSN 1615-4568 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, PO Box 110351, 06017 Halle / Saale, Phone: +49 (0)345 2927- 0, Fax: +49 (0)345 2927- 402, http://www.eth.mpg.de, e-mail: [email protected] Ethnopolitics and Gabra origins1 Günther Schlee2 Abstract Historical anthropology has turned from a specialist and slightly old-fashioned research interest into a hotly contended field of study. Ethnogenesis, i.e. the way in which ethnic groups have evolved out of earlier such configurations, has been incorporated into the discourse of ethnic activists. The present paper deals with reconstructions of the past by Aneesa Kassam, who in turn bases her arguments to a substantial degree on Gemetchu Megerssa’s statements. It confirms some of her findings and elaborates on them. Some of her main points, however, which deal with the degree to which the present day Gabra can be derived from the Boran Oromo, are found to be at variance with other evidence. The question is raised whether her perspective is influenced by modern Oromo nationalism or individual Oromo nationalists. On a more general level, the paper touches the question to which extent it is possible to write “factual” history. The ambition is to establish at least a skeleton of fact on which intersubjective agreement can be reached and which can be contrasted against interest-guided versions of history or ideological distortions. 1 I thank Paul Baxter, Brian Donahoe, Dereje Feyissa, Christina Echi Gabbert, and Jan Hultin for their helpful comments on the draft of this paper. -
Global Trends of Hand and Wrist Trauma: a Systematic Analysis Of
Original research Inj Prev: first published as 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043495 on 13 March 2020. Downloaded from Global trends of hand and wrist trauma: a systematic analysis of fracture and digit amputation using the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study Christopher Stephen Crowe,1 Benjamin Ballard Massenburg,1 Shane Douglas Morrison,1 James Chang,2 Jeffrey Barton Friedrich,1 Gdiom Gebreheat Abady,3 Fares Alahdab,4 Vahid Alipour,5,6 Jalal Arabloo,5 Malke Asaad,7 Maciej Banach,8,9 Ali Bijani,10 Antonio Maria Borzì,11 Nikolay Ivanovich Briko,12 Chris D Castle,13 Daniel Youngwhan Cho,1 Michael T Chung,14 Ahmad Daryani,15 Gebre Teklemariam Demoz,16,17 Zachary V Dingels,13 Hoa Thi Do,18 Florian Fischer,19 Jack T Fox,13 Takeshi Fukumoto,20,21 Abadi Kahsu Gebre,22 Berhe Gebremichael,23 Juanita A Haagsma,24 Arvin Haj- Mirzaian,25,26 Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso,27 Simon I Hay,13,28 Chi Linh Hoang,29 Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani,30 Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak,31 Rohollah Kalhor,32 Amir Kasaeian,33,34 Yousef Saleh Khader,35 Rovshan Khalilov,36 Ejaz Ahmad Khan,37 Roba Khundkar,38 Sezer Kisa,39 Adnan Kisa,40 Zichen Liu,13 Marek Majdan,41 Navid Manafi,42,43 Ali Manafi,44 Ana- Laura Manda,45 Tuomo J Meretoja,46,47 Ted R Miller,48,49 Abdollah Mohammadian- Hafshejani,50 Reza Mohammadpourhodki,51 Mohammad A Mohseni Bandpei,52 Ali H Mokdad,13,28 Mukhammad David Naimzada,53,54 Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe,55 Cuong Tat Nguyen,56 Huong Lan Thi Nguyen,56 Andrew T Olagunju,57,58 Tinuke O Olagunju,59 Hai Quang Pham,56 Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi,60 Navid Rabiee,61 Kiana Ramezanzadeh,62 Kavitha Ranganathan,63 Nicholas L S Roberts,13 64 65 66 67,68 Leonardo Roever, Saeed Safari, Abdallah M Samy, Lidia Sanchez Riera, http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/ Saeed Shahabi,69 Catalin- Gabriel Smarandache,70,71 Dillon O Sylte,13 72 73 74,75 76 ► Additional material is Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Bach Xuan Tran, Irfan Ullah, Parviz Vahedi, published online only.