BIBLIOGRAPHY
Published Primary Sources
Anseys de Ales, ed. HerrnanJ. Green. Paris: [Les Presses modemes], 1939. Aristophanes. Lysistrata, trans. Charles T. Murphy. In Stages of Drama: Classiwl to Contemporary Theatre, eds. Carl H. Klaus, Mirian1 Gilbert, and Bradford S. Field, Jr., 5th edn. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003, p. 121, l. 663 [pp. 114-31] Aurassin et Nirolette, ed. Jean Dufoumet. Paris: Flammarion, 1984. Batts, MichaelS. Das Nibelungenlied: Paralleldrurk der Handsrhriften A, B und C nebst Lesarten der ubr(<5en Handsrhriften. Tiibingen: Niemeyer, 1971. Baumgartner, Emmanuele and Franc;oise Vielliard. Eds., Le Roman de Troie de Benoit de Sainte-Niaure. Paris: Librairie generale franc;aise, 1998. Bergman, Sister Mary Bemardine. Trans., Hrosvithae Liber Tertius: A Text and Translation, Introduction and Commmtary. Covington, KY: The Sisters of Saint Benedict, 1943. Berry, Virginia Gingerick. Ed., Odo of Deuil, De profertione Ludoviri VII in orientem. New York: Columbia University Press, 1948. The Book of a Thousand ]udgemmts: A Sasanian Law-Book, Introduction, Transcription and Translation ofthe Pahlavi text, Notes, Glossary, and Indexes by Anahit Perikhanian; Translatedfrom the Russian by Nina Garsorian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers in Association with Bibliotheca Persica, 1997. Camar de mio Cid, ed. Alberto Montaner. Biblioteca Clasica 1. Barcelona: Critica, 1993. Cazelles, Brigitte. The Lady as Saint: A Collection of Frmrh Hagiographir Romances of the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. Chretien de Troyes. Romans. Paris: Pochotheque/Livre de Poche, 1994. Combarieu du Gres, Micheline de, and Gerard Gouiran. La chanson de Girart de Roussillon. Paris: Librairie Generale Franc;aise, 1993. Cooper, Louis, and Franklin M. Waltman. Eds., La Gran Conquista de Ultramar, Biblioteca Nacional MS 1187. Edirion con introdurricln, notas y glosario. Madison: The Hispanic Sen1inary of Medieval Studies, 1989. Detter, Ferdinand. Ed., Zwei Fornaldarsiigur (Hrcllf. Doane, A. N. Ed., Gmesis A: A New Edition. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 197 8. --. Ed., The Saxon Genesis: An Edition of the West Saxon Gmesis B and the Old Saxon Vatican Gwesis. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 1991. Duparc-Quioc, Suzanne. Ed., La Chanson d'Antioche. Edition du texte d'apres laver sion ancierme. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Genthner, 1976. Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Re/(ius nebst verwamltm Denkmiilem, ed. Gustav Neckel. 5th rev. edn. Hans Kuhn. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1983. "Edici6n de las A1ocedades de Rodr(~;o," ed. Fatima Alfonso Pinto. In Las Mocedades de Rodrigo: estudios crfticos, manuscrito y edicic)n, ed. Matthew Bailey, 183-216. King's College London Medieval Studies, 15. London: King's College London Centre for Late Antique & Medieval Studies, 1999. The Epic of the Kings, trans. Reuben Levy. London: Routledge, 196 7; repr. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1996. Finnegan, Robert E. Christ and Satan: A Critiwl Edition. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1977. Finsen, Vilhjilmur. Ed., Gnigas (Konur(~;sbok). Gwoptrykt efter Vilhj1ilmur Finsms ur(i(ar;e 1879. 3 vols. Odense: Universitetsforlag, 197 4. Flateyjarbok: En samlin/( a{ norske konge-sagaer med imlskudte mindre fortPllin,i(er om bei(ivmheder i og udmfor No~i(e samt annaler, eds. Guobrandur Vigf{Jsson and C. R. Unger. 3 vols. Christiania: P. T. Malling, 1860-1868. Foote, Peter, Andrew Dennis, and Richard Perkins, trans. Laws of Early Iceland. 2 vols. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1980-2000. Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem 1095-1127, trans. Frances Rita Ryan, ed. Harold S. Fink. Knoxville: University ofTennessee Press, 1969. Grass, Karl. La Vie Sainte Paule, .zum erstm 1'v1al herau.~i(ei(eben. Halle: Niemeyer, 1908. Grillo, Peter R. and Jan A. Nelson. Eds., The Old French Crusade Cycle, val. 7, part 1: The}erusalem Continuations (La Chrhimte Corbaran). Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1984. Guyangos, Pascual de. Ed., La Gran Conquista de Ultramar, que mand6 escribir el rey Don Alfonso el Sabia. Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1877. Hackett, W. Mary. Ed., Girart de Roussillon. 3 vols. Paris: Champion, 1953-1955. Hamilton, Hans Claude. Ed., Historia rerum an,i(licarum Willclmi Pan;i (Ordinis s!l11cti Augustini canonici regularis in CO?rwbio Beatae A1ariae) de Newbu~~;h, in agro ebora cwsi. 2 vols. Vol. 1. London: English Historical Society, 1856. "Hivan1il." In Poems of the Elder Edda, trans. Patricia Terry. Rev. edn., 11-35. Philadelphia: University ofPennsylvania Press, 1990. Helgason, J6n. Hauksb6k; the Ama-1v1agnO?an mll11uscripts, 371, 4to, 544, 4to, and 67 5, 4to. Manuscripta Islandica 5. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1960 --. Ed., Heioreks saga. Hervarar saga ok Heioreks konur(<;S, STUAGNL 48. Copenhagen: J. ]0rgensen & Co., 1924. Henry, P. Les enfimces Guillaume, chanson de geste du XIII siecle. Paris: Societe des anciens textes franc;ais, 1935. BIBLIOGRAPHY 275 Hill, Rosalind. Ed., Cesta Franrorum et aliorum Hierosolymitanorum. The Deeds of the Franks and the Other Pi(f(rims to Jerusalem. London: T. Nelson, 1962. The History of Alexander's Battles: His tori a de preliis-The } 1 version, trans. R. Telfryn Pritchard. Toronto: The Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1992. Homeyer, Helene. Ed., Hrotsvithae Opera. Munich: Schi.iningh, 1970. Hrotsvit von Gandersheim. Cesta Ottonis. In Opera Omnia, ed. Walter Berschin, 276-305. Monachii: Saur, 2001. --. Primordia Coenobii Candeshemmsis. In Opera Omnia, ed. Walter Berschin, 306-29. Monachii: Saur, 2001. Hrotsvitha. Wcrke in deutsrher UbertY Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards, trans. William D. Foulke, ed. Edward Peters. 2 vols. 1907; repr. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974. Peters, Edward. Ed., The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source A1aterials. 2d edn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Petit, Aime. Ed., Le Romll11 d'Eneas: Edition critique d'apres le manuscrit B. N. Jr. 60, traduction, presmtation et notes d'Aimc Petit. Paris: Librairie generale franc;aise, 1997. P1'v1C: The Poem of the Cid, ed. Ian Michael. Trans. Rita Hamilton and Janet Perry. Hannondsworth: Penguin, 1975. The Poem of my Cid, trans. Peter Such and John Hodgkinson. Wanninster: Aris and Phillips, 1987. Poema de Ferru1n Conz!zlez, ed. Juan Victoria. Letras Hispanicas 151. Madrid: Catedra, 1990. Poema de 1'v1io Cid, ed. Ramon Menendez Pidal. 1913; repr. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1931. Poema de A1io Cid, ed. Colin Smith. Letras Hispanicas 35. 3d edn. Madrid: Catedra, 1996. The Poetic Edda, trans. Carolyne Lanington. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Regnier-Bohler, Danielle. Ed., Croisades et pClerinages: recits, chroniques et voyages m terre sainte, XIIe-XVIe siecle. Paris: Robert Laffont, 1997. Robert the Monk. "Hierosolomytanea expeditio," in Recueil des historiens des Croisades: Historiens ouidmtaux, ed. Academie des inscriptions & belles-lettres. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1844-1895. Robert the Monk's History of the First Crusade: Historia Iherosolimitana, trans. Carol Sweetenham. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. Rutebeuf. "La vie de Sainte Elysabel." In Oeuvres completes. 635-751. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1989-1990. Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes, Books /-IX, ed. Hilda Ellis Davidson, trans. Peter Fisher. 2 vols. Can1bridge: D.S. Brewer, 1979-1980. Shalmameh: The Persian Book of Kings, trans. Dick Davis. New York: Viking/ Penguin, 2006. Shalmameh-ye Ferdowsi, ed. E. E. Bertels et al. 9 vols. Moscow: The Oriental Institute in Moscow, 1966-1971. Sweetenham, Carol and Linda Paterson. Eds., The Canso d'Antioca: An Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Crusade. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2003. Thorp, Nigel R. Ed., The Old Frmch Crusade Cycle, val. 6: La Chanson de]Crusalem. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabanu Press, 1992. Tolkien, Christopher. Ed., S1\1;a Heioreks Konungs ins Vitra. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1960. Vie de Saime Catherine, ed. William MacBain. Oxford: Blackwell, 1964. Virgil. The Ameid, ed. and trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Classics, 1990. Vitalis, Orderic. Historia ecclesiastica, ed. Marjorie Chibnall. 6 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969-1980. Viilsur(<;a saga. The Saga of the Volsur(<;S, ed. and trans. Kaaren Grin1stad. Saarbriicken: AQ Verlag, 2000. The Wars of Alexander, eds. Hoyt N. Duggan and Thorlac Turville-Petre. EETS S.S. 10. London: Oxford University Press, 1989. BIBLIOGRAPHY 277 Wilson, Katharina M. Ed. l\!IedieJJal Womm Writers. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984. Winterfeld, Paul von. Ed., Von Horaz bis HrotsJJith JJon Gandersheim: Gesammelte Schriften. Hildeshein:t: Weidnunn, 1996. Zink, Michel. Ed., Rutebeuf, OeuJJres completes. Paris: Librairie generale franc;:aise, 1989. Secondary Works Aers, David and Lynn Staley. The Powers of the Holy: Rel(f(ion, Politics, and Gmder in Lite l\!Iedieml EnRlish Culture. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. Aguirre, Manuel. "Narrative Composition in The Saga of the Volsun,i(s." Saga-Book 26 (2002): 5-37. Althoff, Gert. "Spielregeln in n1ittelalterlicher Offentlichkeit (Gesten, Gebarden, Ritual, Zeren:wniell)." Fruhmittelalterliche Studim 27 (1993): 27-50. Repr. as "Demonstration und Inszenierung. Spielregeln der Kommunikation in mittelal terlicher Offentlichkeit." In Spiclreleln der Politik im l\!Iittelalter, ed. Gert Althoff, 229-57. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1997. Andersson, Theodore M. A Preface to the Nibelut\Renlied. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987. --."Splitting the Saga." SwndinaJJian Studies 47.4 (1975): 437-41. Armistead, Samuel G. "La Rcfumlici6n de las l\!Iocedades: estructura narrativa (1963)." In La tradici6n cpica de las Mocedades de Rodrigo, trans. Maria Rosario Martin Ruano, 59-67. Estudios Filol6gicos 280. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad, 2000. Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis, trans. WillardR. Trask. Princeton, NJ: University Press, 1953. Austin, John L. How to Do Things with Words, eds. J.O. Unnson and Marina Sbisa. Can1bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1975. Bakhtin, M. M. The Dialogic ImaRination, ed. Michael Holquist, trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. Bancourt, Paul. Les lviusulmans des Ies chansons de geste du cycle du roi. 2 vols. Aix-en Provence: Universite de Provence, 1982. Bartlett, Anne Clark. A1ale Authors, Female Readers: Representation and Subjectivity in l\!Iiddle En,f(lish DeJJotional Literature. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995. Batt, Catherine. Malory's Marte Darthur: Remaking Arthurian Tradition. New York: Palgrave, 2002. Bamnl, Franz. "Medieval Texts and ilie Two Theories ofOral-Fornmlaic Cmnposition: A Proposal for a Third Theory." New Literary History 16 (1984): 31-49. Benjamin, Walter. Illuminations, ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968. Bernhardt, John W. Itinerant Kit( Bluestine, Carolyn. "The Role ofWomen in the Poema de 1'v1io Chi." Romance Notes 18 (1978): 404-9. Borovsky, Zoe. "'En hon er blandin n1jok': Wmnen and Insults in Old Norse Literature." In Cold Counsel: Women in Old Norse Literature and Mythology, ed. Sarah M. Anderson, 1-14. New York: Routledge, 2002. Bostock,]. K. "The Message of the Nibclungmlied." JVIodem Latvzua/(e ReJJiew 55 (1960): 200-212. Bowra, C. M. Heroic Poetry. London: Macmillan, 1952. Boyle, John Andrew. "The Alexander Romance in the East and West." Bulletin of the jolm Rylands UniJJersity Library of A1anchester 60 (1977): 13-27. Brackert, Hehnut. Beitriige zur Handschriftmkritik des Nibelungenliedes. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1963. Bradbury, Nancy Mason. "'Faire Ben Tales in Compaignye': The Dual Art of Kyng Alisaunder." In Writing Aloud: Storytellit1;(( in Late JVIedieJJal Et1,f(land, 133-74. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998. Brundage, James A. "Prostitution, Miscegenation and Sexual Purity in the First Crusade." In Crusade and Settlement: Papers Read at the First Conference of the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East, ami Presented to R. C. Smail, ed. Peter W. Edbury, 57-65. Cardiff: University College Cardiff Press, 1985. Buchanan, Sarah B. "A Nascent National Identity in La Chanson d'Antioche." The French ReJJiew 76.5 (2003): 918-32. Bumke, Joachim. "Sigfrids Fahrt ins Nibelungenland. Zur achten Aventiure des Nibclun/(enliedes." Beitriige zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (West) 80 (1958): 253-68. --. "Die Eberjagd im Daurel und in der Nibelungendichtung." Gmnanisch Romanische A1onatshefte 41 (1960): 105-11. --. "Die Quellen der Briinhildfabel in1 Nibelut\Renlied." Euphorion 54 (1960): 1-38. --. "Der unfeste Text: Uberlegungen zur Uberlieferungsgeschichte und Textkritik der hofischen Epik im 13. Jahrhundert." In > AuffuhrunJZ< und >Schrift< itn Mittelalter und fruher Neuzcit, ed. Jan-Dirk Muller, 118-29. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1996. Burns, E. Jane. Bodytalk: vVhm Women Speak in Old Frmch Literature. Philadelphia: University ofPennsylvania Press, 1993. Burrow, John A. Gestures and Looks in MedieJJal NarratiJJe. Cambridge: Can1bridge University Press, 2002. Butler, Judith. "Perfonnative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory." In Performin/( Feminisms: Feminist Critical Theory ami Theatre, ed. Sue-Ellen Case, 270-82. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1990. --. Gmder Trouble: Feminism and the SubJJersion of Idmtity. New York: Routledge, 1990. --. Amigone's Claim: Kinship betwem Life and Death. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. BIBLIOGRAPHY 279 Cadden, Joan. 1'v1eanit1,i(S of Sex Difference in the 1'v1iddle Ages: 1'v1edirine, Scimce, ami Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Caldin, Tom. "Epic Paradoxes: Vassalage, Lineage and Subjectivity in the l'oema de Mio Cid and A1oredades de Rodrigo." Ph.D. diss., University ofCan1bridge, 2002. --. "Ideological Subtexts in the l'oema de Mio Cid: The Afrmta de Corpes as Affront to Male Sufficiency." In Proceedings of the Twelfth Colloquium, ed. A. D. Deyermond, 39-47. Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 35. London: Department of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary, University ofLondon, 2003. Can1pbell, Jackson]. "To Hell and Back: Latin Tradition and Literary Use of the 'Descensus ad Inferos' in Old English." Viator 13 (1982): 107-58. Can1pbell, Kimberlee Anne. "Fighting Back: A Survey of Patterns of Fenule Aggressiveness in the Old French chansons de geste." In Charlemagne in the North: Proceedings ofthe Twelfth International Conference ofthe Societe Rencesvals, Edinbu~i(h 4th to 11th August 1991, eds. Philip E. Bennett, Anne Elizabeth Lobby, and Graham A. Runnalls, 241-51. Edinburgh: Societe Rencesvals British Branch, 1993. Carruthers, Mary. "Reading with Attitude, Ren1en1bering the Book." In The Book and the Body, eds. Dolores Warwick Frese and Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe, 1-33. Notre Dame, IN: University ofNotre Dame Press, 1997. --. The Craft of Thought: 1'v1editation, Rhetoric, ami the JVIaking of Images, 400-1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cary, George. The Medieval Alexander. 1957; repr. Cambridge: University of Can1bridge Press, 196 7. Castro Lingl, Vera. "El papel de la mujer en las Mocedades de Rodr(<5o." In Las Mocedades de Rodrigo: estudios cr{ticos, manusrrito y edici6n, ed. Matthew Bailey, 69-88. King's College London Medieval Studies 15. London: King's College London Centre for Late Antique & Medieval Studies, 1999. Catalan, Diego. "El A1io Cid y su intencionalidad historica (version anotada)." In Oral Tradition and Hispanic Literature: Essays in Honour of Smnuelj. Armistead, ed. MishaelM. Caspi, 111-62. New York: Garland, 1995. --. La epica espaFiola: nueva docume11tari6n y nueva evaluaci6n. Madrid: Fundacion Ramon Menendez Pidal, 2001. Cazelles, Brigitte. Le corps de saintete. Geneva: Droz, 1982. Chance, Jane. Woman as Hero in Old English Literature. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986. Cheyette, Fredric L. Ennengard of Narbonne ami the World of the Troubadours. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001. Chicote, Gloria Beatriz. "Jimena de la epica a1 rmnancero: definicion del personaje y convenciones genericas." In Caballeros, monjas y maestros en Ia Edad A1edia (Aetas de las V ]omadas JVIedievales), eds. Lillian von der Walde, Concepcion Company, and Aurelio Gonzalez, 75-86. Publicaciones de Medievalia 13. Mexico: Universidad Autonoma de Mexico and Colegio de Mexico, 1996. Chisn1, Christine. Alliterative Revivals. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Cleasby, Richard and Gudbrand Vigfusson. Eds., An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 2d edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. 280 BIBLIOGRAPHY Clover, Carol. "Hildigunnr's Lament." In Structure and 1'v1eanin,i( in Old Norse Literature: New Approaches to Textual Analysis ami Literary Criticism, eds. John Lindow, Lars Liinnroth, and Gerd Wolfgang Weber, 141-82. Odense: Odense University Press, 1986. --. "Maiden Warriors and Other Sons." Joumal of Et(<;lish and Germanic Philology 85 (1986): 35-49. --. "Regardless of Sex: Men, Women and Power in Early Northern Europe." Representations 44 (1993): 1-28. Combarieu du Gres, Micheline de. L'ideal humain et l'experimce morale chez les heros des chansons degeste (des origines a 1250). Ph.D. diss., Universite de Provence, 1979. --. "Un personnage epique: la jeune musuhnane." In AWanges de langue et lit terature jran1aises du JVIoyen-ARe offerts ,} Pierre Jonin, 183-96. Aix-en-Provence: CUERMA, 1979. --. "Le personnage d'Elissent dans Girart de Roussillon." In Studia Occitanira in memoriam Paul Remy, ed. H.-E. Keller. 2: 23-42. Kalanuzoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1986. Comfort, William W. "The Essential Differences between a Chanson de geste and a Roman d'aJJe11tures." PMLA 19 (1904): 64-74. Cook, Robert Francis. "Chanson d'Amioche," Chanson de geste: le cycle de la croisade est-il cpique? 2 vols. Purdue University Monographs in Romance Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1980. --. "Les personnages feminins dans les derniers poe1nes du Cycle de la Croisade." In Charlemagne in the North: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference of the Societe RencesJJals, Edinburgh 4th to 11th AuRust 1991, eds. Philip E. Bennett, Anne Elizabeth Lobby, and Graham A. Runnalls, 263-71. Edinburgh: Societe Rencesvals British Branch, 1993. Cook, Robert Francis and Larry Stuart Crist. Le Deuxieme Cycle de la Croisade: Deux etudes sur SOil deJJeloppement. Geneva: Droz, 1972. Crane, Susan. Insular Romance: Politics, Faith, and Culture in Anglo-Norman and 1'v1iddle EnRlish Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Crawford, Donna. "Prophecy and Paternity in The Wars of Alexander." En,i(lish Studies 73.5 (1992): 406-16. Dagenais, John. The Ethics of Readin,i( in 1'v1anusrript Culture: Glossing the Libro de buen amor. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. Damico, Helen. Beowulfs Wealththeow ami the Valkyrie Tradition. Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 1984. Daniel, Nonnan. Heroes and Saracms: An Interpretation of the Chansons de Geste. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984. Davis, Dick. "Interpolations to the Text of the Shalmameh: An Introductory Typology." Persica XVll (2001): 35-49. --. Panthea's Childrm: Hellmistic NoJJcls ami JVIedieJJal Persian Romances. New York: Bibliotheca Persica Press, 2002. de Vries, Jan. Heroic Sot(\; and Heroic Legmd, trans. BJ. Timmer. London: Oxford University Press, 1963. BIBLIOGRAPHY 281 de Weever,Jacqueline. "Marriages between Muslims and Christians, attitudes toward." In Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the 1'v1iddle A};es: An Encyclopedia, eds. John Block Friedman and Kristen Mossier Fig,_g;, 376-78. New Y ark: Garland, 2000. Deyennond, Alan D. Epic Poetry and the Clergy: Studies on the Mocedades de Rodrigo. Tan1esis, A. 5. London: Tan1esis, 1969. --. "La sexualidad en Ia epica medieval espanola." Nueva Revista de Filolo};ia Hispfmica 36 (1988): 767-86. Deyermond, Alan D. and David Hook. "The Afrenta de Cmpes and Other Stories." La Corc)niw 10 (1981-1982): 12-37. Dronke, Peter. Women Writers of the Middle Ages: A Critiwl Study of Texts from Perpetua (f203) to Ma~~;uerite Po rete (f131 0). Can1bridge: University Press, 1984. Dronke, Ursula. The Role of Sexual Themes in Njal's Sa};a. The Dorothea Coke Memorial Lecture in Northern Studies Delivered at University College London, 27 May 1980. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1981. Dubs, Kathleen. "Genesis B: A Study in Grace." Ameriwn Bmedictine Review 33 (1982): 47-64. Duggan, Joseph]. The Cantar de mio Cid: Poetic Creation in its Economic ami Social Comexts. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature 5. Cambridge: University Press, 1989. Duparc-Quioc, Suzanne. La Chanson d'Antioche: Etude critique. 2 vols. Paris: Geuthner, 1978. Durden, Willian1 G. "The Death of Siegfried and the Disappearance ofBriinhild." Germanic Review 51 (1976): 85-92. Edgington, Susan. "The First Crusade: Reviewing the Evidence." In The First Crusade: Origins ami Impact, ed. Jonathan Phillips, 55-77. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. Enright, Michael. Lady with a A1ead Cup: Ritual, Prophecy and Lordship in the European Warbandfrom La Tene to the Vikit(\; Age. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1996. Evans, Dylan. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. New Y ark: Routledge, 1996. Farmer, Sharon. Su1viving Poverty in i\1edieval Paris: Gender, Ideology, and the Daily Lives of the Poor. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002. Ferrante, Joan. To the Glory of her Sex: Women's Roles in the Composition of iVIedieval Texts. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. Field, Rosalind. "The Anglo-Nonnan Background to Alliterative Romance." In Middle Et(<;lish Alliterative Poetry, Sevm Essays, ed. David Lawton, 56-69. Can1bridge: D. S. Brewer, 1982. --. "Romance in England, 1066-1400." In The Cambridge History of lviedieval English Literature, ed. David Wallace, 152-76. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Finnegan, Robert E. "Eve and 'Vincible Ignorance' in Gmesis B." Texas Studies in Literature and Language: A Journal of the Humanities 18 (1976): 329-39. Fletcher, Richard. The Quest for cl Cid. London: Hutchinson, 1989. 282 BIBLIOGRAPHY Frakes, Jerold C. Brides and Doom: Cmder, Property, and Power in lviedieJJal German Women's Epic. Philadelphia: University ofPennsylvania Press, 1994. Friednun, Yvonne. "Women in Captivity and Their Ransmn During the Crusader Period." In Cross Cultural Corwergmces in the Crusader Period: Essays Presented to Aryeh Crabois on his Sixty-Fifth Birthday, eds. Michael Goodich, Sophia Menache, and Sylvia Schein, 75-87. New York: Peter Lang, 1995. Gabrielli, Francesco. Arab Historians of the Crusades, trans. E.]. Costello. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. Gade, Kari Ellen. "Penile Puns: Personal Nan:tes and Phallic Syn1bols in Skaldic Poetry." Essays in MedieJJal Studies 6 (1989): 57-67. Gaunt, Sin:wn. "Le pouvoir d'achat des fen:nnes dans Cirart de Roussillon." Cahiers de CiJJilisation lviedicJJale 33 (1990): 305-16. --. Gender and Genre in l'viedieJJal Frmch Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. --. "De.maturat son li Frances: Language and Identity in the Twelfth-Century Occitan Epic." Tenso 17 (Spring 2002): 10-31. Gentry, Francis G. "Major Trends in Nibelungenlied Scholarship." In The Nibclur1,i(C11 Tradition: An Encyclopedia, eds. Francis G. Gentry, Winder McConnell, Ulrich Miiller, and Werner Wunderlich, 206-9. New York: Routledge, 2002. Gifford, Douglas. "European Folk Tradition and the Afrenta de Corpes." In Mio Cid Studies, ed. Alan D. Deyennond, 49-62. A. 59. London: Tan1esis, 1977. Graf, E. C. "Huellas de la violencia minH~tica y su resoluci6n falico-politica en el Poema de mio Cid: Girard y Lacan." La Cor6nira 28 (1999-2000): 101-27. Hackett, Winifred Mary. "L'Amour dans Cirart de Roussillon." In Actes et mhnoires du !Ve Cor(~;res de Langue et de Littf:rature d'Oc et d' Etudes Franro-ProJJm(ales, 107-14. Avignon: [n. p.], 1970. --. La Langue de Cirart de Roussillon. Geneva: Droz, 1970. Harney, Michael. Kinship ami Polity in the Poema de Mio Cid. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 1993. Hart, Thomas R. "The Infantes de Carrion." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 33 (1956): 17-24. Hatem, Anouar. Les poemes epiques des croisades: Reru'se-historicitc-loralisation: Essai sur l'actiJJitc litteraire dans les coloniesfranques de Syrie au JVIoyen ARe. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Genthner, 1932. Haymes, Edward R. The Nibelungenlied: History and Interpretation. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986. Haywood, Louise M. "Symbolic Space and Landscape in the Poema de JVIio Chi." In Mio Cid Studies: "Some Problems of Diplomatic" Fifty Years On, eds. Alan Deyermond, David G. Pattison, and Eric Southworth, 105-28. Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 42. London: DepartJnent of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. Head, Thomas. "Hrotsvit's Primordia and the Historical Tradition of Monastic Communities." In HrotsJJit of Gmdersheim: Ram AJJis in Saxonia? ed. Katharina M. BIBLIOGRAPHY 283 Wilson, 143-65. Ann Arbor, MI: Medieval and Renaissance Collegium Publishing Co., 1987. Heinrichs, Anne. "Annart er virt eoli. The type of the prepatriarchal woman in Old Norse literature." In Structure and Meaning in Old Norse Literature: New Approaches to Textual Analysis and Literary Criticism, eds. John Lindow, Lars Lonnroth, and Gerd Wolfgang Weber, 110-40. Odense: Odense University Press, 1986. Heller, Rolf Die literarische Darstellutvz der Frau in den Isliindersagas. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1958. Heng, Geraldine. Empire of Magic: A1edieval Romance and the Politics of Cultural Fantasy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Herren, Michael W. and Shirley Ann Brown. Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Irclamlfrom the Fifth to the Temh Cemury. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2002. Hill, Rosalind. "Crusading Warfare: A Camp-follower's View 1097-1120." Proceedit1,i(S of the Battle Conformce on An,f(lo-Nonnll11 Studies (1978) 1 (1979): 75-83. Hillenbrand, Carole. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999. Hohnqvist-Larsen, N.H. "Skjoldn10digressionen." In Meer, skjoldmeer og kr(<5ere: En studie i og omkring 7. bog af Saxo's Gesta Danorum, 40-73. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanums Forlag, 1983. Hook, David and Antonia Long. "Reflexiones sabre la estructura de las JVIocedades de Rodr(<5o." In Las Mocedades de Rodrigo: estudios a{tiws, mmutscrito y edici6n, ed. Matthew Bailey, 53-67. King's College London Medieval Studies 15. London: King's College London Centre for Late Antique & Medieval Studies, 1999. Irigaray, Luce. This Sex VVhich Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. Jaeger, C. Stephen. Ennoblit\'5 Love: In Search of a Lost Sensibility. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Jaeger, C. Stephen and Ingrid Kasten. Eds., Codierungm von Emotionm im A1ittelalter. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2003. Jager, Eric. The Tempter's Voice: Lan,i(uage and the Fall in lviedieval Literature. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. Jasnow, Richard. "The Greek Alexander Romance and Demotic Egyptian Literature." Journal of Near East Studies 56 (1997): 95-103. Jesch, Judith. Women in the Viking Age. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1991. Jochens, Jenny. "Consent in Marriage: Old Norse Law, Life, and Literature." Scandinavian Studies 58.2 (1986): 142-76. --. "The Medieval Icelandic Heroine: Fact or Fiction?" Viator 17 (1986): 35-50. --. Old Norse Images of Women. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. --. Womm in Old Norse Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995. Johnston, Sarah Iles. "Magic." In Rel(<5ions of the Ancimt World: A Guide, ed. Sarah Iles Johnston, 139-52. Can1bridge, MA: Belknap, 2004. Jones, C. Meredith. "The Conventional Saracen of the Songs of Geste." Speculum 17 (1942): 201-25. 284 BIBLIOGRAPHY Jones, Catherine M. " 'Se je fusse hons': les guerrieres dans Anseys de Mes." In Charlona/(ne in the North: Proceedit1,i(S of the Twelfth International Conference of the Societe Rencesvals, Edinburgh 4th to 11th At~Rust 1991, eds. Philip E. Bennett, Anne Elizabeth Lobby, and Grahan1 A. Runnalls, 291-97. Edinburgh: Societe Rencesvals British Branch, 1993. Kalinke, Marianne. Bridal-Quest Romance in 1'v1edieval Iceland. Islandica 46. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990. Karkov, Catherine E. Text and Picture in Anglo-Saxon En/(land: Narrative Strategies in the Junius 11 Manuscript. Can1bridge: Can1bridge University Press, 2001. Karras, Ruth Mazo. From Boys to Mm: Formations of A1asculinity in Late A1edieval Europe. Philadelphia: University ofPennsylvania Press, 2003. Kay, Sarah. The Chansons de geste in the Age of Romance: Political Fictions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. --."The Real of the Act: Narrative and Analysis in Zizek." Unpublished Paper. --. Ziiek: A Critiwl Introduction. Can1bridge: Polity, 2003. --. "Singularity and Spectrality: Desire and Death in Girart de Roussillon." Olifant 22.1-4 (1998 Spring-2003 Fall): 11-38. --. Subjectivity in Troubadour Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Keller, Hans-Erich. "La belle Sarrasine dans Fierabras et ses derives." In Charlemagne in the North: Proceedings of the Twelfth Intemational Conferwce of the Societe Rwcesvals, Edinbu~Rh 4th to 11th At~Rust 1991, eds. Philip E. Bennett, Anne Elizabeth Lobby, and Graham A. Runnalls, 299-307. Edinburgh: Societe Rencesvals British Branch, 1993. Ker, Neil R. Catalo/(Ue of 1'v1anuscripts Containing An,i(lo-Saxon. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. Ker, W. P. Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature. 2d edn. London: Macmillan & Co., 1908. Khaleghi-Motlagh, Jalal. "Mo'arefi-ye qate'at-e alhaqi-ye Shalmameh." In Col-e ranjha-ye kohan, 127-70. Tehran, 1372/1993. Kierkegaard, S0ren. Fear and Tmnblin,i(, trans. and intro. Alastair Hannay. London: Penguin, 1985. Kinoshita, Sharon. "The Politics of Courtly Love: La Prise d'Orange and the Conversion of the Saracen Queen." The Romanic Review 86.2 (1995): 265-87. Klinck, Anne L. "Female Characterization in Old English Poetry and the Growth of Psychological Realisn:t: Gmesis B and Christ /." Neophilologus 63 (1979): 597-610. Koziol, Geoffrey. Begf(ing Pardon ami Favor: Ritual and Political Order in Early 1'v1edieval France. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992. Krappe, Alexander Haggerty. "L'Anthropophagie des Thafurs." NeophilolOJZUS 15 (1930): 274-78. Kratz, Dennis M. "The Nun's Epic: Hroswitha on Christian Heroism." In Wege der Worte: Festschrift Jar Wolfi;ang Fleischhauer, eds. Donald Riechel and Charles Hoffinan, 132-42. Cologne: Bohlau, 1978. BIBLIOGRAPHY 285 --. "The Cesta Ottonis in its Context." In Hrotsvit of Gmdersheim: Rara Avis in Saxonia? ed. Katharina M. Wilson, 201-11. Ann Arbor, MI: Medieval and Renaissance Collegium Publishing Co., 1987. Kress, Helga. A11ittugar meyjar. Islensk.fombc1kmermtasaga. Reykjavik: Haskoli Islands, 1993. Kroesen, Riti. "Hvessir augu sem hildingar: The Awe-inspiring Eyes of the King." Arkiv .for nordisk.filoloi(i 100 (1985): 41-58. Kruk, Remke. "Clipped Wings: Medieval Arabic Adaptations of the Amazon Myth." Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 2 (1994): 132-51. --. "Back to the Boudoir: Arabic Versions of the Sirat Al-amir Hamza, Warrior Princess, and the Sira's Literary Unity." Amsterdamer Beitri(<;e zur iilteren Cermanistik 48 (1997): 129-47. --. "The Bold and the Beautiful: Women and 'Fitna' in the 'Sirat Dhat al Himma': the Story ofNura." In Women in the JVIedieval Islamic World, ed. Gavin R. G. Hambly, 99-116. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. Kuhn, Hans. "Der Teufel in1 Nibelungmlied. Zu Gunthers und Kriemhilds Tod." Zeitschriftfur deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur 94 (1963): 280-306. Labbe, Alain. "La Comtesse Berthe dans Cirart de Roussillon: !'amour et Ia vie d'une femme." In Charlemai(ne in the North: Proceediryzs of the Twelfth International Confermce of the Societe RonceSJJals, Edinburgh 4th to 11th Aui --. "Representaciones de mujeres en la literatura espanola de la Edad Media." In Breve historiafeminista de la literatura esparlola (m letvzua castellana), II: La mujer en Ia literatura espat'iola, ed. Irene M. Zavala, 21-68. Barcelona: Anthropos, 1995. --. "La mujer ejemplar en tres textos epicos Castellanos., Cuademos de Invest( --. "El Cid de las 1'v1ocedades." In El Cid: de lamateria epica a las cr6nicas caballerescas: aetas del Cot1,i(reso Intemacional IX Centenario de Ia Muerte del Cid, cclebrado ct1 la Universidad de Alcala de Hmares los dfas 19 y 20 de noviembre de 1999, eds. Carlos Alvar, Fernando Gomez Redondo, and Georges Martin, 255-67. AlcaLi de Henares: Servicio de Publicaciones de Ia Universidad de Alcala, 2002. McConnell, Winder. "Kriemhild and Gerlind: Some Observations on the valanditwe-concept in the Nibclun,i(enlied and Kudrun." In The Dark Figure in JVIedieval Cmnan and Cmnanic Literature, eds. Edward R. Haymes and Stephanie Cain Van D'Elden, 42-53. Goppingen: Kiimmerle, 1986. Mcinerney, Maud Burnett. Eloquwt Vi~~;ins From Thecla to Joan of Arc. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003. McLaughlin, Megan. "The Woman Warrior: Gender, Warfare and Society in Medieval Europe." Womm's Studies 17 (1990): 193-209. Menard, Philippe. "Tradition antique et tradition celtique dans une plaisanterie du Dit de l'Herberie." Bulletin bibliographique de Ia societe intemationale Arthurierme 17 (1965): 103-12. Menendez Pidal, Ranl6n. L' Epopee rastillane a travers Ia litterature espagnole, trans. Henri Merimee. Paris: Armand Colin, 1910. --. Poesfa juglaresca y jug/ares: aspectos de Ia historia literaria y cultural de Esparla. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Hist6ricos, 1924. --. Reliquias de Ia poes{a epica espat7ola. Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 1951. --. En tonw al Poema del Cid. Barcelona-Buenos Aires: Editora y Distribuidora Hispano An1ericana, 1963. Meulengracht S0rensen, Preben. The Unmanly i'vian: Concepts of Sexual Defamation in Early Northem Society, trans. Joan Turville-Petre. Odense: Odense University Press, 1983. --. Fortcelling og cere. Studier i islcendingesagaeme. Aarhus: Aarhus universitetsforlag, 1993. Miller, Dean A. The Epic Hero. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Miller, William Ian. Humiliation: and Other Essays on Honor, Social Discomfort, ami Violence. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. Miller, William Ian and Theodore M. Andersson. Law ami Literature in lviedieval Iceland. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989. Mintz, Susannah B. "Words Devilish and Divine: Eve as Speaker in Cmesis B." Neophilologus 81.4 (1997): 609-23. Mirrer, Louise. "Representing 'Other' Men: Muslims, Jews and Masculine Ideals in Medieval Castilian Epic and Ballad." In A1edieval A1asculinities: R~~;arding Aim in the JVIiddle Ages, eds. Clare A. Lees, Thelma S. Fenster, and Jo Ann McNamara, 169-186. Medieval Cultures 7. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. Mitchell, Stephen A. Heroic Sagas ami Ballads. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991. Moi, Tori!. "What Is a Wmnan? Sex, Gender, and the Body in Fen1inist Theory." In VVhat Is a Woman? And Other Essays, ed. Tori! Moi, 3-120. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. 288 BIBLIOGRAPHY Molho, M. "El Cantar de mio Cid: poema de fronteras." In Homenaje a don Jose JVIarfa Lararra de 1'v1i}(uel ct1 su jubilari6n del profcsorado: estudios medieJJales. 5 vols. vol 1: 243-60. Zaragoza: Anubar, 1977. Montaner Frutos, Alberto. "La *Gesta de las mocedades de Rodr(<5o y Ia Crc)niw partic ular del Cid," in Aetas del I Congreso de Ia Asoriacicht Hisp!miw de Literatura l'viedieJJal: Santiago de Compostela, 2 al 6 de diciembre de 1985, ed. Vicente Beltran Pepi6, 431-41. Barcelona: Promociones y Publicaciones Universitarias, 1988. Montgomery, Thomas. JVIedieJJal Spanish Epic: l'viythic Roots and Ritual Language. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998. Mori, Masaki. Epic Grandeur: Toward a ComparatiJJe Poetics of Epic. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. Morse, Ruth. The JVIedieJJalJVIedea. Rochester, NY: Boydell and Brewer, 1996. Miiller, Jan-Dirk. Spielu;f(eln fur den Untergang: die Welt des Nibelungenliedes. Tiibingen: Niemeyer, 1998. Mundal, Else. "Kvinnebilitet i nokre mellomaldergenrar: Eit opposisjonelt kvin nesyn?" Edda 82 (1982): 341-71. Myers, Geoffrey M. "The Manuscripts of the Cycle." In The Old French Crusade Cycle, JJol. 1: La Naissanre du CheJJalier au Cy}(ne, eds. Emanuel Mickel and Jan Nelson, xiii-lxxxviii. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1977. Nelson, Charles. "Hrotsvit von Gandersheim: Madwoman in the Abbey." In Women as Prot1('50nists and Poets in the German A1iddle Ages, ed. Albrecht Classen, 43-55. Giippingen: Kiinnnerle, 1991. Nepaulsingh, Colbert I. "The Afrmta de Corpes and the Martyrological Tradition." Hispanic ReJJiew 51 (1983): 205-21. Newman, Gail. "The Two Briinhilds'" Amsterdamer Beitri(i(e .zur iiltercn Gmnanistik 17 (1981): 69-78. Oberhehnan, Steven, et al. Eds., Epic and Epoch: Essays on the Interpretation and History of a Genre. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 1994. Oinas, Felix]. Ed., Heroic Epic and Saga: An Introduction to the World's Greatest Folk Epics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978. Overing, Gillian R. "On Reading Eve: Gmesis B and the Reader's Desire." In Speaking two Lmgua,<;es: Traditional Disciplines and Contempormy Theory in lvfedieJJal Studies, ed. Allen]. Frantzen, 35-63. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. Palsson, Hermann and Paul Edwards. Le}(endary Fiction in JVIedieJJal Iceland. Reykjavik: Printsmiojan Leiftur, 1971. Pattison, D. G. "The Afrenta de Corpes in Fourteenth-Centmy Historiography." In Mio Cid Studies, ed. Alan D. Deyennond, 129-40. A. 59. London: Tan1esis, 1977. Pearsall, Derek. "Middle English Romance and its Audiences." In Historical and Editorial Studies inlVIedieJJal and Early l'viodem English for Johan Gerritsen, eds. Mary Jo Am and Hanneke Wirtjes, 37-47. Griiningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1985. Pemoud, Regine. La .femme au temps des rroisades. Paris: Stock, 1990. Philipowski, Katharina. "Das GeHichter der Cunneware." Zeitschri{tfar Gemumistik. N.F. 13 (2003): 9-25. Poor, Sara S. "Cloaking the Body in Text: Mechthild von Magdeburg and the Problem ofFemale Authorship." Exemplaria 12.2 (2000): 417-53. BIBLIOGRAPHY 289 --. "Historicizing Canonicity: Tradition and the Invisible Talent of Mechthild ofMagdeburg." Women in Gmnan Yearbook 15 (2000): 49-72. Powell, Barry B. Classiwl A1yth. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. Powell, Jan:tes. Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. Propp, Vladimir. 1'v1orpholo}(y of the Folktale, trans. Louis A. Wagner. American Folklore Society Bibliographical and Special Series 9. Indiana University Research Center in Anthropology, Folklore and Linguistics Publication 10. 2d edn. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968. Purcell, Maureen. "Women Crusaders: A Temporary Canonical Aberration?" In Principalities, Powers, and Estates: Studies in A1edieval and Early A1odem Govemmmt ami Society, ed. L. 0. Frappell, 57-64. Adelaide: Adelaide University Union Press, 1979. Rasmussen, Ann Marie. 1'v1others and Daughters in 1v1edieval Gmnan Literature. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997. Raw, Barbara. "The Construction of Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 11." Anglo Saxon England 13 (1984): 187-207. Renoir, Alain. "Eve's I.Q. Rating: Two Sexist Views of Gmesis B." In New Readings on Women in Old English Literature, eds. Helen Damico and Alexandra Hennessey Olsen, 262-72. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. Robertson, Elizabeth. "Medieval Medical Views of Women and Fenule Spirituality in the Ancrene Wisse and Julian of Norwich's Showin}(s." In Feminist Approaches to the Body in JVIedieval Literature, eds. Linda Lomperis and Sarah Stanbury, 142-68. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993. Rosenwein, Barbara H. A Short History of the Middle Ages. Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002. Rosier, James. "The Uses of Association: Hands and Feasts in Beowulf" PMLA 78 (1963): 8-14. Ross, Margaret Clunies. "Women and Power in the Scandinavian Sagas." In Stereotypes of Womm in Power, eds. Barbara Garlick, Suzanne Dixon, and Pauline Allen, 105-19. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992. Rowe, Elizabeth Ashman. "Generic Hybrids: Norwegian 'Family' Sagas and Icelandic 'Mythic-Heroic' Sagas." Scandinavian Studies 65.4 (1993): 539-54. Rubin, Gayle. "The Traffic in Women: Notes on the 'Political Economy' of Sex." In Toward an Anthropology of Womm, ed. Rayna R. Reiter, 157-210. New Y ark: Monthly Review Press, 1975. Russom, Geoffrey. "The Drink of Death in Old English and Germanic Literature." In Gmnania: Comparative Studies in the Old Germanic Lmvzua}(es ami Literatures, eds. Daniel G. Calder and T. Craig Christy, 175-89. New Hampshire: D. S. Brewer, 1988. Salinas, Pedro. "La vuelta al esposo (ensayo sobre estructura y sensibilidad en el Cantar de JVIio Chi)." In Ensayos completos, ed. Solita Salinas de Marichal. 3: 27-37. Madrid: Taurus, 1984. 290 BIBLIOGRAPHY Schmitt, Jean-Claude. Ed., Gestures. London: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1984. --. La raison des gestes dans I'Occidwt medieval. Bibliotheque des histoires. Paris: Gallinurd, 1990. Schmidt-Wiegand, Ruth. "Kriemhilds Rache. Zu Funktion und Wertung des Rechts im Nibclutvzenlied." In Tradition als historische Kraft. Imerdis.zipliniire Forschutvzen .zur Geschichte des friihm 1'v1ittelalters, ed. Norbert Kamp, 372-87. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1982. Schroder, Werner. "Die Tragodie Kriemhilts im Nibelut\ --. "Prescriptives and Performatives in Imagined Cultures: Gender Dynamics in 'Nibelungenlied' Adventure 11." In 1'v1ittclalter. Neue Wc;{!e durrh einm alten Kontinmt, eds. Jan-Dirk Muller and Horst Wenzel, 273-316. Stuttgart: Hirzel, 1999. Thmn, Bernd. "Offentlichkeit und Konnnunikation in1 Mittelalter. Zur Herstellung von Offentlichkeit im Bezugsfeld elementarer Kommunikationsformen im 13. Jahrhundert." In Hofische Repriismtation: Das Zeremoniell uml die Zeirhm, eds. Hedda Ragotsky and Horst Wenzel, 65-87. Tiibingen: Max Niemeyer, 1990. T mnan, Lore. "Der Aufstand der Frauen." Literatur und Kritik 131 (1979): 25-32. Tranter, Stephen N. "'Wed in Haste, Dissent at Leisure': The Marriage Feast as a Structural Component in Icelandic Feud Narratives." In 1'v1edialitiit und mittclal terlirhe insulare Literatur, hrsg. Hildegard L. C. Tristram, 148-69. Tiibingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1992. Tulinius, Torfi. The Matter of the North: The Rise of Literary Fiction in Thirtemth Century Iceland, traus. Randi C. Eldevik, ed. Margaret Clunies Ross. The Viking Collection 13. Odeuse: Odense University Press, 2002. Ubieto Arteta, Antonio. "El Cantar de mio Cid y algunos problemas hist6ricos." Ligarzas 4 (1972): 5-192. Vestergaard, Elisabeth. "Continuity and Change in Medieval Epic and Society." In Continuity and Chm\<5e: Political Institutions and Literary Monuments in the Middle Ages: A Symposium, ed. Elisabeth Vestergaard, 119-31. Odense: Odense University Press, 1986. Vynckier, Henk. "Arms Talks in the Middle Ages: Hrotsvit, f,Valtharius and the Heroic JJia." In HrotsJJit of Gmdersheim: Rani AJJis In Saxonia? ed. Katharina Wilson, 183-201. Ann Arbor, MI: Medieval and Renaissance Collegium Publishing Co., 1987. Wahlgren, Erik. The A1aidm Kit('? in Iceland. Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago: 1938. Wakefield, Ray M. "The Middle Dutch Nibelungen Fragments." The Canadian Joumalfor Netherlandir Studies 4.5 (1983): 33-36. Walker, Roger M. "A Possible Source for the 'Afrenta de Corpes' Episode in the PJVIC." 1'v1odem Lan,{!uage ReJJiew 72 (1977): 335-47. Warren, F. M. "The Enamored Moslem Princess in Orderic Vital and the French Epic." PMLA 29 (1914): 341-58. Weiner, Annette. Inalienable Possessions: The Paradox of Keepit\'5 vVhile GiJJing. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Wen1ple, Suzanne Fonay. "Monastic Life ofWomen from the Merovingiaus to the Ottonians." In HrotsJJit of Gandersheim: Rara AJJis in Saxonia? ed. Katharina Wilson, 35-55. Ann Arbor, MI: Medieval and Renaissance Collegium Publishing Co., 1987. Wenzel, Horst. "Reprasentation und schoner Schein an1 Hof und in der hofis chen Literatur." In Hiifisrhe Repriisentation: Das Zeremonie/1 und die Zeichen, eds. Hedda Ragotsky and Horst Wenzel, 171-208. Tiibingen: Max Niemeyer, 1990. 292 BIBLIOGRAPHY --. "Szene und Gebarde: Zur visuellen Imagination im Nibelungenlied." Zeitsrhriftfur deutsrhe Philologie 111 (1992): 321-43. Wilson, Katherina M. "Ego Clamor Validus-Hrotsvit and Her Poetic Program." Germanic Notes 14.2 (1983): 17-18. --. Hrotsvit ofGandersheim: The Ethics of Authorial Stance. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988. --. Ed., Hrotsvit of Gamlersheim: Rara Avis in Saxonia? Ann Arbor, MI: Medieval and Renaissance Collegium Publishing Co., 1987. Wisbey, R. A. A Complete Conrord!l11re to the Rolandslied (Heidclbe~i( JVIanuscript). Leeds: W. S. Maney and Son Ltd., 1969. Wodzak, Victoria. "OfWeavers and Warriors: Peace and Destruction in the Epic Tradition." A1idwest Quarterly 39.3 (1998): 253-64. Wolf, Alois. Heldmsage und Epos: Zur Konstituierung einer mittelalterlichen volks;prarh Ziehm Gattun,i( im Sp!l11nun,f(.ifeld von 1'v1undlichkeit uml Schriftlirhkeit. Tiibingen: Gunter NarrVerlag, 1995. Woolf, Rosemary. "The Fall of Man in Genesis B and the Mystere d'Adam." In Studies in Old English in Honor of Arthur G. Brodeur, ed. Stanley B. Greenfield, 187-99. Eugene: University of Oregon Books, 1963. Wright, Charles D. The Irish Tradition in Old English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Wright, Stephen K. Ed., The Vengell11re of Our Lord: lviedieval Dramatizations of the Destruction ofjerusalem. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1989. Zink, Michel. A1edieval French Literature: An Introduction, trans. Jeff Rider. Binghampton, NY: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1995. Zizek, Slavoj. Enjoy Your Symptom!Jarques Laran in Hollywood ami Out. New Y ark: Routledge, 1992; and 2d edn., 2001. --. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Politiral Ontology. New Y ark: Verso, 1999. --. "Melancholy and the Act." Critiwl Inquiry 26 (Sun:nner 2000): 657-81. Zizek, Slavoj and Mladen Dolar. Opera's Second Death. New York: Routledge, 2002. INDEX Act, 164, 168, 171, 174-7, 179nn 11, 14, audience 180nn 20, 27, 181n31 horizon of expectations and, 213, ethical, 97-8, 159, 164, 166, 168, 179n17 237-40, 244, 246-7 feminine, 97, 99, 167, 174 mixed gender and, 16, 35, 47, 49 Lacanian/Zizekian, 167, 168 monastic, 116, 130, 132n10 suicidal, 99, 164, 167 royal, 116, 121, 130, 132n10 Adam, 7, 10, 31, 137-55 passim sympathy of, 50, 73, 226 Adelaide, princess ofBurgundy, 6, 123-5, Augustine, 141, 142, 154 128, 129, 130 Aupais, 163, 174-5 Aeneas, 31, 32, 120, 124, 127, 130, 135n57 Austin,J L, 256-7, 269n7 Aeneid, 2, 31, 116, 120, 121, 124, 127, authority, 18, 23, 71, 127, 191, 256, 260 128, 130 female, 123, 198, 263, 267 AfYenta de Corpes, 97, 99, 111-2n47 masculine, 183, 185, 197, 199, 200, 202 Africa, 17 authorship, 18, 44, 55, 62n13, 134n45 Albert of Aachen (Aix), 42, 45, 46, 61n9 Azadeh, 79, 80, 81 Alexander the Great, 15-36 passim, 67, 68, 77, 86-7n13 Bahram Chubineh, 82, 83, 89n26 Alexiad, 13n13 Bahram Gur, 78-82, 88n21, 89n26 amazons, 15, 16, 22, 35, 42, 48-9, 60, 75, banquets, sec feasts 86-7n13 Beowulf; 66n62, 139, 149, 223, 233n46, Amon, 23, 24, 28, 33 237, 238, 250n15 Angantyr, 187, 188, 194-9, 202 Bergthora, 214-17,221, 229n19, 230n23 Antigone, 167,168,174,176,177 Berthe, 4, 7, 160-3, 165, 168-77, 180nn antiquity, 42, 48-9, 54-5, 60, 65n50 18,27, 181n33 Arab conquest ofPersia, 67, 78, 85, 88n18 betrayal, 70, 102, 128, 150, 215, 225 Arezu, 81 monstrous, 244, 245, 247, Aristotle, 35, 36, 133n32 248-49 (App) armor, women in, 22,48-9,74,188,193, Bizhan, 69, 72, 73, 82 194,198,201,203,243,244,249,255 blood-brotherhood, 243, 245 Arthur, King, 22, 43 bloodkin, 245, 246, 249 (App). Arthurian court, 259 sec also kinship Arthurian themes, 43, 54 Bolli, 212, 218-20, 226, 227, 228n11, Asia, 17, 68, 69, 70, 72, 85, 88nn 18, 21, 230nn 25, 28, 231n38 90n35 Borghild, 223, 224, 227, 232nn 41, 42 Atli, 9, 212, 221-7, 231n38, 232nn 41, 42, Brunhild, 9, 10, 235, 239-44, 247, 248, 244, 245, 249 (App), 252nn 34, 43 250n15, 253,254,255,258,259, see also Etzel 261-4, 266 294 INDEX Brynhild, 9, 208n37, 210-13,221-3, Costanp, Intmta of Navarre, 100-2 231n37, 233n48, 235, 243, 244, 247, cross-dressing, 3, 8, 185-6, 195 248, 248 (App), 250n10 see also gender transfonnation Burgundians, 236, 242, 249 (App), 252nn Crusade, First, 41, 44, 45, 49, 50, 51, 56, 34, 43,253,254,259,261,262,263, 58, 60,62-3n24 264, 265, 267 Crusade, Second, 45, 62-3n24 Butler, Judith, 122, 130, 133n42, 167, 168, Crusade, Third, 44, 47 174, 177, 180n20 Crusade, Fourth, 44, 47 ruriositas, 139, 151, 155 whallero, 94, 108n19 Calabre, 42, 53-9, 65-6n58 Darius ofPersia, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29 Candace, 4, 15, 16, 22, 23, 29-35, 38n14 Dido, 31, 32, 33, 124-5, 128, 132n11 cannibalism, 43, 50, 52 Diego Rodriguez, 96, 111n38 canonesses, 115, 116, 120, 132n9 Dietrich epics, 238 definition of, 117-18 l>idrcks sa,ga, 23 7, 238, 239 Car111cn de Cesta Ottonis I111peratoris, 6, d~honor, 104-5,210,211,219,221,222 115-16, 118-19, 120-1, 123, 125, divorce, 62-3n24, 217, 227, 231n30 127, 128, 129, 130, 132n10 threat of, 220 Carruthers, Mary, 138-9, 155n4 dragon, 26-8, 52, 58-9, 239, Carthage, 31, 124 243, 244 rha11sons de gcstc, 2, 17, 42-3, 46, 52, 93, dragon-slayer, 237, 238, 247 103, 159, 160 dragonish hosts, 242, 243, 244-5, 246, Charlemagne, 18, 43, 44, 116, 120, 270n21 252nn 34, 38, and 43 Charles Martel, 160-3, 172, 174, 175, 176, dreams, 26, 57, 171-2, 176 181n31 drenJir, 189, 205n17 childbirth, 25--{), 28, 70, 104-5, 117, 187, 195 drenJiskap (manly courage), 189, 202 China, 83, 89n31 drink (drinking), 72, 212, 213, 222, 224, 225 Chretien de Troyes, 18 doctored (poisoned) drink, 171, 172, Christ, 129, 147, 151-3, 154 223,224,251-2n33 as Word, 143, 154 drink of death, 232nn 42, 43 relationship to Eve, 147, 151-3 serving drink (ritual cup-passing), 211, Christ and Satan, in Junius 11 ms., 137-55 223,224,227,232n42 passim skulls as drinking vessels, 225, 232nn 42, Christine de Pizan, 35, 38n16 45 Cid, El, see Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar Clemence of Barking, 177n2 Eirikr, 192, 193,201,202 clothing, 185, 186, 195, 205n6, 207n28 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 45, 62-3n24, Clover, Carol, 188, 189, 190, 204n3, 181-2n33 205n15 Elissent, 160, 162, 163, 175, 181n33 community, 119, 125, 176, 179n12 Elvira (daughter ofRodrigo Diaz), 96-99, as constructed by epic, 1-3, 5, 11n7, 111n38 168, 210 emotion, 255, 268n3, 270n14 female, 128, 130, 132n12 affective response and, 255, 258-9, 267 monastic, 119, 128, 137, 155 as political statement, 256 religious, 125 as somatic response, 255, 256, 267 textual, 120 lack of, 159, 176 consent in marriage, female, 210, 212, 213, epic 220,226,246 Anglo-Norman, 17, 18 Constantinople, 191 archaic, 1 Corbaran ofMosul, 43, 45, 49, 50, 52, as masculinist genre, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 35, 53-9, 65-6n58 36n2,94,96, 106,116,120,122-3 INDEX 295 as nostalgic, 139, 147, 150 j(,rnafdarsa,Qa, 183, 187, 190, 191, 197, 201, audience of, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 35, 36 202 Bakhtin and, 3, 119, 125 founding of monasteries, 117, 126, 127-9, definition of, 1-3, 11n1, 43-4,45,48, 176-7 56, 60,67-8,118-20,139-40 France, 43, 53, 87n14, 104-5, 106, 160, elegy and, 21 161,174 feminine, 121, 122, 123, 125, 130 Fulcher of Chartres, 45, 46 founding, 118, 120, 125, 130, 139 French, 17 Galen, 184 imperial, 2 Gandersheim, 115,116,117-18,119,121, Latin, 17, 18, 118 125-6, 127, 128-9, 130, 132n9 Lukacs and, 2-3, 11n7, 119 gender, construction of, 3, 8, 10, 12n11, 28, Persian, 67 55, 95-6, 103, 106, 120, 122, 133n42, representation and, 15, 22, 36 166,183-91,193,195,196-9,200, reconfiguring of, 120, 125, 163, 168, 205n6, 207n34, 263, 264, 267, 179n9 271n23 religious, 2, 120 and body, 8, 143, 145, 146, 184, 186, romance and, 17, 168 187 women authors of, 3, 115 and genre, 4, 5, 6, 9, 122, 128, 130, 210, epic past, 7, 92, 119, 139, 147 226-7 Esf1ndyar, 68, 69, 78, 86n3 and sex, 81, 122, 184, 185, 186, 188, ethics, 18-21, 33, 34, 103, 120, 163-4, 165, 189, 193, 204n4 179n10 and transformation, 134n45, 183, 184, Etzel, 238, 241, 244, 246, 249 (App), 188, 192, 195, 203, 233n46 252n34, 254, 259,264-7,270n14 Genesis, Anglo-Saxon, 4, 7, 137-55 passim sec also Atli genre, 16, 17, 22, 36, 49, 60, 116, 118-19, Eve, 7, 10, 23, 31, 137-55 passim 120, 123, 133n32, 139, 143, 160, epic present and, 152-5 179n9, 209,210,213,226-7 eyewitness accounts, 44, 45, 56, 60, see also gender and genre 191, 193 Gerberga, 118, 119 Gesta Danorum, 183, 187, 200 £1ther-figure (£1ther surrogate, foster father), Gesta Francoru111, 46, 47, 55-6, 57 78, 183, 185, 187, 192-202 Gesta Ottonis, see Carmen de Gesta Ottonis feast, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 59, 125,244,248, Imperatoris 252n43, 258, 259, 265, 269-70n13 gesture, perfonnative or emotional, 255, deadly banquet, 242, 244, 252n43 256,257,258,260,262,263,267, funeral feasts, 221, 223, 224, 225, 227 268n4, 269nn 6, 8 marriage (wedding) feast, 24, 215, 216, gifts, 16, 30, 33, 103, 113n63, 211, 213, 218,220,221,222,223 214,217,218,219,221,226,227, fenule ·warrior, see \Votnan \Varrior 229nn 15, 16, 230nn 23, 26, 231n34, femininity, strategic use of, 6, 116, 122-3, 259, 260, 261 166-7, 168, 185, 187, 198, 199, Girart de Roussillon, 159-63, 165, 168-9, 200-2 171, 172-5, 176, 180n18, 181n31 Ferdowsi, 5, 6 7-85 passim Girart de Roussillon, 2, 4, 7, 159-77 passim Fernau Gonzalez, Count of Castile, 100-2, Godfrey of Bouillon, 43, 44, 52, 53, 58 112-3n56 Gordaf1rid, 7 4, 7 5 Fernando I, King of Castile, 103-6, 11 On32 Gordyeh, 79, 82, 83, 89n26, 89-90n31 feud, 7, 32,159,160-1,174, 205n6, Gra,Qas, 185, 186, 205n14, 206n27, 207n28 206n27, 211,215,218,220,227, Graindor de Douai, 44, 48, 49, 50, 55, 229n19 62n13 escalation of, 216 Gran Conquista de Ultra111ar, 43, 53 296 INDEX Greece, 27-8, 75, 76, 87n15, 89n25 Historia de prcliis Alexandri Alaj!,ni, 18, 37n7 Gudrun (Guilrun) Gjukad6ttir, 9, 208n37, Hi:igni, 243, 245, 246, 248-9 (App) 211-2,221-7, 231nn37, 38, 232nn Honny, 77, 84, 86n12, 90n31 41, 42, and 45, 233n46, 235, 243-6, Homer, 54, 68 248, 248-9 (App), 251-2n33, 252n43 hono~ 9, 15, 16, 23,2~ 30, 98, 99,188, Gudrun Osvifsd6ttir, 210-13,215,217-20, 189, 194, 207n28, 209-13, 215, 216, 226, 227, 230nn 26, 28, 231nn 31, 38 217, 219-27,231n37, 232n44, 235, guest, 24, 34, 117,211-17,219,220,223, 245, 246, 247, 248 224, 225, 227, 229nn 15, 16, 242, hospitality, 212, 221, 223, 224, 225, 245, 246, 248-9 (App), 252nn 34, 38 232n45, 241, 248 guest-host relationship, 213-14, 218, 219, sec also guest-host relationship 221, 225, 226, 233n46, 242, 246, host, 211-14,216,218-21,223,224,225, 251-52n33 227, 229nn 15, 16, 231n31 guest-host relationship (xenia), rules of, avenging or monstrous, 3, 8, 167, 177, 214, 229n16 224, 233n46 Guibert ofNogent, 42, 48 Hrefna, 218, 219 Gunnar Gjukason, 212, 221, 222, 223, Hr6lfr Gautreksson, 193, 201-3 228n11, 243,245,246,248-9 (App) Hr6lfs sa,ga Gautrckssonar, 184, 190, 192, see also Gunther 19~ 195,196,201,202 Gunnar ofHlidarendi, 213-17,220,227 Hrotsvit, 2, 4, 6, 13, 115-31 passim Gunther, 240, 241, 242, 246, 248-9 (App), adaptation of the epic, 115, 116, 118, 250n15,252n38,253,254,258-64 121, 122, 123, 125, 130-1 see also Gunnar Gjukason background, 115-16 manuscripts and corpus, 118, sec Carmen Hagen, 239, 240, 241, 242, 246, 247, Gesta and Primordia 248-9 (App),254,259,260,263 use of tropes, 120-3 hagiography, 159, 160, 163, 168, 174-5, Virgil and, 119-21 181n32 humiliation, 188, 194, 210, 215, 221, 262, Hallgerd Hoskuldsd6ttir, 211,213-17,220, 271n23 221,226,227, 229nn 19, 20, 230n24 Huns, 236, 244, 249 (App), 254 Hathumoda, 118, 128, 129, 134-5n56 Hauksb6k, 187, 197, 201 Iceland, 185, 186, 189, 190, 191 Havamal, 213, 227, 229n15 Iliad, 1, 13n13 hero, 4, 16, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38n14, 163, India, 17, 31, 32, 34, 69, 70, 88n21 165-6,191,198, 202,250n15 Infanta of Savoy, 96, 103, 104-6 Christian, 44, 120, 128 infimtc, 93, 107-8n10 definition of, 69, 119 In£1ntes de Carrion, 97-9 paternity and maternity and, 23, 28, in£1nticide, 165, 168-70, 222, 223, 225, 38n12, 68, 70 226, 227, 232n45 representations of, and women, 15, 16, in{anz611, 94, 108n19 29, 35 inheritance (birthright), 117-18, 127-30, heroic-mythical saga, sec Jrrnaldarsa,Qa 188,197,198 heroine, 8, 75, 77, 83, 89-90n31, 102, 115, insult, 104, 188, 193, 194, 209, 210, 125, 130, 159-60, 176, 177, 206n21 211, 21~ 216, 217, 218, 221, 22~ Hcruararkuicla, 194, 197, 198 229n19, 230n23, 256, 257, 261, Hm,arar sa,ga, 184, 187, 190, 194, 196, 197, 263, 270n21 198, 204-5n5 invmtio, 7, 138, 143, 148, 153, 155 Hervi:ir (Hervarilr), 8, 184, 185, 187, 191, Irigaray, Luce, 122, 134n45 194-202 Isenstein, 240, 254, 258, 259, high-seat (dais), 214-16, 218, 219, 221, 260, 263 229n18 fslendin,Qa sa;1,a, 190, 191, 206nn 21, 23 INDEX 297 Jager, Eric, 142, 145, 149, 154, 157n31 marriage, 16, 24-5, 29, 38n14, 50, 52-3, Jar! Bjannar, 187, 194, 195, 201 59, 69-70, 81, 86n7, 91, 93, 96, 103, Jirnena D:iaz, see Xirnena D:iaz 106, 110n32, 129, 163, 174-5, Jochens,Jenny, 186, 191, 204n3, 206nn 21, 180n18,209,211-18,220-3,226, 23, 207nn 34, 208n35 227, 230n25, 231n38, 232n41, 243, Junius 11 ms., 7, 137-55 passim 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 248 (App), dating of, 144 254,259,261 exegesis of, 140 martyrs, 97-9, 116, 163-4, 167, 168, 177 illustrations in, 150, 157n31 (sacrifical) martyrdom, 175, 177n2 Kabul, 70, 71 masculinity, 1, 4, 52-3, 96, 184-6, 188-90, Kavus, 76, 77, 86n3 194,200-2 Kay Khosrow, 68, 89n28 epic culture of, 8, 15, 18 Ketill, 193, 194, 201, 202, 207n28 heroic, 159, 177 Khosrow Parviz, 82, 83, 84, 90n31 strategic use of, 197, 198, 203 Kierkegaard, Smen, 165-6, 179n17, 182n35 see also gender, and n1ale persona kinship, 97, 139, 167, 168, 169, 174, 177, Mehrab, 70, 71 199,211,221-2,225,227,244-7, mcntoria/memory, 7, 138-40, 142, 143, 147, 252n43 148, 149, 152, 153, 155, 155n4 Kjartan, 212, 218, 219, 220, 228n11, 230nn Menendez Piehl, Ramon, 92, 93, 94, 25, 26, and 28 107n10 kl!unhii:i,Q (emasculating blow), 194, 206n27 Meulengraht S0rensen, Preben, 188, 189, Kriemhild, 9, 10, 235, 240-5, 247, 248, 194,207n28 248-9 (App), 252n43, 253, 254, miracles, 128, 134-5n56, 168, 180n26 258-61, 264-7 Aloccdades de Rodri;1,o, 2, 6, 91-107 passi111 Kyn;1, Alisaundcr, 4, 15-36 passim monsters, 35, 167, 177, 243, 250n15 monstrous, 43, 53 Lacan,Jacques, 97, 98, 112n49, 163, 164, see also betrayal and revenge 165, 167, 178n6, 179nn 11, 17 laughter as perfonnative, 260, 264, 265 narrative law, legal codes, 87n16, 117, 185, 186, 188, constants, 239-40, 244, 245 194, 205n15, 206n21, 207n28 foundation and, 102, 116, 118, 125 symbolic, 164, 166-8, 179nn 10, 12, and variant detail and, 239, 245, 252n34 17, 180-1n27 Neptanabus, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28 Laxda·la saga, 9, 186, 210-12, 214, 215, Nezami, 83, 84 217, 221, 226, 231nn 35, 37, and 38 Nibelungen/Niflungen tradition, 235, 237, lectio divina, 7, 138, 139, 143, 147, 148, 153, 238, 239, 248 154, 155 Ni/Jelun,genlicd, 2, 9, 233n46, 235-41, 244, Liudolf, 116,119,125,128,129 246, 247, 252n34, 253-67 passim lordship, 139, 255-6, 259, 260-1, 264-6, manuscripts, 268n1 268n2 manuscript variants of, 10, 264-7 loss, 170, 175, 211, 213, 217, 221, 223-7, Njal, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 220 266, 267 Njal's sa,ga C\Jjals sa,ga), 9, 205nn 6, 15, 210-15, 217, 221, 226, 231nn 37, 38 Macedonia, 17, 23, 29, 31, 35 rnagic, see sorcery oaths, 9-10, 129, 243-7, 248-9 (App) Maiden King motif, 192 obligations male persona, 183, 185, 187, 188, 192, 193, contractual, 235, 245, 246, 248 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202 feudal, 57, 167, 168, 169, 175, 246 Manizheh, 69, 72, 73, 76, 81, 82, 90n31 social, 29, 197, 199, 248 Manuchehr, 70, 71 Oda, 116, 119, 125-8, 129 298 INDEX Odin, 243, 244 Richard the Pilgrim, 44, 55 Odyssey, 1 riro hombre, 93, 107-8n10 Olaf the Peacock, 218, 219, 230n25 Robert de Clari, 47 Old French Crusade Cycle, 5, 18, 41, 42 Robert the Monk, 55-6 Olympias (Olympias), 4, 15, 16, 22-6, 28, Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar (El Cid), 91-2, 29, 35, 38n13 95-9, 102, 103-6, 110n32 oral vs. written culture, 142, 149, 190 Rolandslied, 270n21 orality, 1, 11n2, 142,150 sec also Son,Q of Roland Orderic Vitalis, 51, 55 romance, English, 4, 16, 17, 18, 35 Otto I, Otto the Great, Holy Roman French, 16, 18, 159, 168, 177n1 Emperor, 115-19, 121, 123, 124, 125, Persian, 75, 86n12 127, 128, 130, 132n10 Rostam, 68, 69, 71, 73-6, 82, 86n3 Rudabeh, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 81, 82, 83, Parthians, 68, 75 86nn 4, 8, 90n31 patriarchy, 6, 11, 69, 71, 74, 97,102,103, Riidiger (Riiedeger), 246, 254, 259, 264 107, 121, 127, 130-1, 167 performance, 166, 176, 257, 258 saga, 2, 9, 187, 189, 190-1, 270n20 perfonnative, 10, 255, 256-7, of ancient times, scef(nnaldarsaga 258,259,260,262,263,267, 269n8 of Icelanders, see fslendin,ga saJ!Jl Persia, 17, 21, 22, 28, 55, 67-85 passim Saladin, 44, 52, 59 P£1ffe Konrad, 270n21 Sam, 70, 71, 74, 75 Philip II of France, 47 Sancha, Intmta ofNavarre, 101-2 Philip of Macedon, 23, 24, 25, 26, sanctity, 130, 160, 163, 168, 170, 172-4, 27, 28 176, 177, 178n5 piety, female, 7, 120, 124, 125, 168 Saracen wotnen Poema de Alio Cid, 2, 6, 91-107 passi111 mother, theme of, 53-9, 60 Poetir Edda, 202, 206n20, 211, 237, 238, princess, theme of, 51-3, 58, 60, 103 247 Sasanians, 78, 84, 85, 87n16, 88n18, 89n25 Primordia Cocnohii Candcshemensis, 2, 6, Satan, 140, 144, 146, 147, 154, 155, 115-16, 118-19, 120, 125-30, 132nn 157n27 10, 28 Satanas (Satan), 171-3 private/public distinction, 74, 81, 83, Saxo Gran1n1aticus, sec Cesta Danorum 89n25, 91, 95, 96, 107, 258 seating arrangements, 211,213-16,219, pronoun shift (she/he), 183, 185, 188, 229nn 18, 19, 231n37 191-6, 199, 201, 202 sex, see gender and sex prostitution, 46-8 Seyavash, 68, 70, 76, 77, 84, 86n3 psychoanalysis, 163-7, 178n6, 179nn 10, 12 Shaghad, 82, 86n3 Shahnameh, 2, 5, 67-85 passim quarrel of the queens, 222,223, 231n37, 254 shanle,23, 46, 80,188,189, 19~ 215, 21~ Quejas de Ximena, 96, 102-3, 105, 110nn 258 32, 33, 113n63 shield-nuiden, sec \Votnan ·warrior Shirin, 83, 84, 90n32 rape, 46, 50, 52, 70, 76, 173 Siegfried, 239, 241, 242, 243, 245, 246, Rapunzel, 70 247, 248-9 (App), 250n15, 252n38, revenge, 59, 161, 172, 177-8n4, 220,221, 253, 254, 258-64 232n42 sec also Sigurd female, for injury, 25, 101, 110n32, 212, Siggeir, 221, 222, 223, 226, 231n34 222, 254, 265-6 Sigmund, 211,221,222,223,225, 231n34 monstrous, 242, 244, 245, 247, 248-9 Signy, 211, 221, 222, 226 (App) Sigurd (Siguror), 208n37, 211,212,213, Richard the Lionheart of England, 4 7 221, 222, 223, 224, 228n11, 232n41, INDEX 299 233n48, 238,239,243,244,246,247, Vezelay, 161, 170-2, 178n4, 180n18 248-9 (App), 250n10 vikings, 187,191,195,196,197, see also Siegfried 199, 201 Sindokht, 70, 71, 73, 74, 90n31 Virgil, 2, 65n50, 68, 115, 120, 124, 127, Sinfjotli, 222-4, 232nn 41, 42 130, 131, 132n11 smile (smielen), 254, 255, 256, 259, 260, Viilsun,ga saga, 7, 9, 206n20, 208n37, 261, 262, 270nn 20, 21 210-12,221,222,223,224,226,227, as assertion oflordship, 255, 256, 231nn 35, 37, 232n44, 233n46, 260,261,262,265,266,267, 235-8,240,242,243,244,246,247 270nn 20, 21 conventional, 258, 262, 270n17 warrior n1aiden, sec won1an warrior Snorri Sturluson, 238 \Varrior vvo1nan, see vvo1nan \Varrior Sohrab, 68, 70, 74, 75, 86n3 Wars ofAlcxandcr, 4, 15-36 passim Sol, daughter ofRodrigo Diaz, 96-9, 111n38 weaving, spinning, 201, 208n37 Song of Roland, 5, 42, 51 whetting, 188, 190, 228n8 sorcery, 23, 26, 52, 53, 54-6, 84, 253 woman warrior, 3, 42, 74-5, 86n12, 87n14, speech-acts, 141, 256, 257, 269n7 89n26, 132n11, 183, 184, 185, 187, stepmother in love/lust with stepson 190,198,199,202,203,243,244, Phaedra, 76 245,247 Potiphar's wife, 76 wo1nen Sudabeh, 76, 77, 84, 86n3, 87n15 aristocratic, 46,115,116,117,120,131, suicide, 84, 90n32, 97-9, 164, 167, 222, 132n13 243, 248 (App) as authors, 1, 6, 13n13, 115 displaced, 169 as characters, 1, 3, 5-6, 8, 12n9 symbolic, 176 as epic audience, 15, 16, 35, 36, 113, Sweden, 192, 193, 203 130, 132n10 as Other, 6, 11, 168, 180n20 Tahmineh, 73, 74, 86n7, 90n31 monstrous, 5, 167, 177 tempter, 140, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, rulership and, 16, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 77, 156n10, 156-7n12 84, 123-4, 132n11 Trotula (women's medicine), 54 Saracen women, 5, 51-60, 103 Troy, 18, 31 stereotypes of, 15, 16, 23, 25, 28, 31, Turan, 72, 73, 74, 76 32, 122 Tyrfing, magical sword, 195, 196-8, 199, women's history, 3, 5, 181-2n33 200, 201 Worms, 242, 253, 254, 259, 260, 264 l>idreks saga, see Dietrich epics Ximena Diaz, wife of Rodrigo Diaz, 95-7, Pornbjorg (D6rbergr), 8, 184, 185, 188, 102-3, 105-6, 109n24, 110n32, 191-4, 200-3 113n63 vdlandi11ne, 233n46, 241 Zal, 70, 71, 73, 74, 82, 86nn 4, 8 valkyrie, 243, 244 Zizek, Slavoj, 8, 99, 163, 164, 165, 166-8, vengeance, 9, 210-12,219,221,222-5, 171, 172, 175-7, 179n12, 180nn20, 227, 241, 244, 245, 248 21, and 27