National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union

National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union By Antony C. Sutton New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House 1973 1 Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1 The "Détente"-Aggression Cycle The History of "Peaceful Trade" Technological Transfer Is the Critical Issue The Mystical Foundations of Policy The "Détente"-Aggression Cycle Persecution of Russian Jews, Russian Baptists, and Lithuanian Catholics External Soviet Aggression Chapter 2 More Trade, More Casualties The Causal Link between U. S.-Soviet Trade and U.S. Casualties in Vietnam The Soviet Version of Soviet Intent The Soviet Record of Aggression and War The Korean War (1950-1953) The Vietnamese War (1961-1973) Chapter 3 Censorship and Our Military Assistance to the Soviet Union Declassified U. S. Government Files as a Source of Information Congressional Investigations and Unscheduled Leaks The Soviet Union as a Source of Information The Practical Effect of Censorship Chapter 4 Construction of the Soviet Military-Industrial Complex The Soviet View of the Soviet Military-Industrial Complex The American View of the Soviet Military-Industrial Complex 2 Western Construction of the Soviet Military-Industrial Complex Chapter 5 Direct Supply of Weapons and Military Assistance to the Soviets From the Bolshevik Revolution to the Five-Year Plan Purchase of Armaments in the United States President Roosevelt's Secret Military Information Agreement with the Soviet Union American Lend-Lease Supplies to the Soviet Union: 1941-1946 Plants for Production of Military Vehicles U. S. Assistance for the Skoda Armaments Plants American Accelerometers for Soviet Missiles American Ball Bearings for Soviet Missiles Chapter 6 American-Built Plants for Soviet Tanks and Armored Cars The American-built Stalingrad "Tractor" Plant Light Tanks from the American-built Kharkov "Tractor" Plant The Chelyabinsk "Tractor" Plant The Development of Soviet Tank Design to 1945 The Soviet T-34 Medium Tank Soviet Tank Engines Soviet Light Tanks Armored Personnel Carriers Chapter 7 American Assistance for Soviet Military Vehicles The Soviet Military Truck Industry Henry Ford and the Gorki "Automobile" Plant 3 Military Vehicles form the A. J. Brandt-Budd-Hamilton-ZIL Plant American Equipment for the Volgograd Plant The War Potential of the Kama Truck Plant Chapter 8 Peaceful Explosives, Ammunition, and Guns How the Soviets Make Nitrocellulose Origins of Soviet Machine Guns Soviet Weapons Used against Americans in Vietnam Chapter 9 Helping the Russians at Sea Soviet Facilities for Construction of Naval and Merchant Vessels Role of the United States and Its Allies in Building the Soviet Navy before World War II Submarine Construction, 1920-1972 The Strategic Merchant Marine of 1972 How the Soviets Have Used their Western-built Merchant Marine State Department Approval for the Soviet Vessels That Carried Missiles to Cuba "Soviet" Merchant Ships on the Haiphong Supply Run Chapter 10 From the "Ilya Mourometz" to the Supersonic "Konkordskiy" The First Commercial Plane Able to Fly the Atlantic Nonstop Bombers and Amphibians from Seversky Aircraft Corporation The Consolidated Aircraft Company (Catalina), Douglas, and Vultee American and French Designs for Soviet Aircraft Engines The Wright Cyclone Engine in the Soviet Union The Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Engine in the Soviet Union 4 The Gnome-Rhone (France) Engine in the Soviet Union The German and British Contribution to the Postwar Soviet Air Force The Boeing B-29 Four-engined Bomber Becomes the Tu-4 and the Tu-70 Aircraft Plant No. 1 at Kuibyshev Development of the First Soviet Jet Engine MiG Fighters with Rolls-Royce Turbojets The Supersonic Tu-144 (Alias "Konkordskiy") Chapter 11 Space, Missiles, and Military Instrumentation German Assistance for the Soviet Missile and Space Program From the German V-2 to Sputnik and Lunik Why Did the Soviets Embark on a Space Program? U. S.-Soviet "Cooperation" in Space The ABM Treaty Military Instrumentation U. S. Assistance for Soviet Military Computers Chapter 12 Congress and the Bureaucrats Congressional Attempts to Prevent Military Assistance to the Soviet Union The Bureaucrats' View of "Peaceful Trade" The State Department and Military Intelligence Information The State Department's "Exchange" Program Breakdown of the State Department Facade The State Department's Policy of Misinformation Chapter 13 Why National Suicide--Some Answers 5 A Wise and Deliberate Policy Aimed at Creating a Peaceful World An Accident--The Establishment Did Not Know It Was Helping the Soviets Our Policy Is Pragmatic. It Is Not Consistent with Any Long-run Objectives at All Our Foreign Policy Is Based on Mysticism and Altruism Is It Treason? What Is to Be Done? Appendix A: Some background Information about National Suicide Appendix B: Testimony of the Author Before Subcommittee VII of the Platform Committee of the Republican Party at Miami Beach, Florida, August 15, 1972, at 2:30 p.m. Appendix C: Specifications of the Ninety-six Soviet Ships Identified Transporting Weapons and Supplies to North Vietnam, 1966-71 Selected Bibliography Dedication Dedicated to the memory of the 35 million individuals killed by Soviet statism between 1917 and 1972. "This business of lending blood money is one of the most thoroughly sordid, cold blooded, and criminal that was ever carried on, to any considerable extent, amongst human beings. It is like lending money to slave traders, or to common robbers and pirates, to be repaid out of their plunder. And the men who loan money to governments, so called, for the purpose of enabling the latter to rob, enslave and murder their people, are among the greatest villains that the world has ever seen." --Lysander Spooner, No Treason (Boston, 1870) 6 Preface The evidence and the argument in National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union will come as a surprise--and perhaps as an unwelcome shock--to almost all readers. It is a first attempt to penetrate what may ultimately turn out to be one of the most tragic stories in the 200-year history of the American republic. The 100,000 Americans killed in Korea and Vietnam were killed by our own technology. This tragedy was brought about by irrational policies, based on unsupportable premises and reflecting grossly inaccurate analyses of the available information. I make no claim for completeness. Sometime ago I planned a detailed academic treatment of our military assistance to the Soviet Union. Regrettably, the Administration has been unwilling to declassify sufficient file material for that purpose. The related exchange of correspondence is printed here as Appendix A. Consequently, where information is still censored, the book is incomplete. Continued censorship of the Operation Keelhaul files by the U.S. Army is a similar example of big words and little action when it comes to providing the American public with the basic facts about recent history. In presenting this preliminary version of National Suicide, which reflects most of the available open evidence, it is my hope that the public reaction will blast loose enough government files for me to research and write the definitive academic study. The views and interpretation expressed in this book are those of the author alone. In no way does this book reflect the views or interpretation of any organization otherwise associated, or to be associated, with the author. 7 Chapter 1--The 'Détente' Aggression Cycle "Russia remains today, more than ever, an enigma for the Western world. Simple American minds imagine that this is because we don't know the truth about it. They are wrong. It is not our lack of knowledge which causes us to be puzzled by Russia. It is that we are incapable of understanding the truth about Russia when we see it. George Kennan, Memorandum in the State Department files, dated September 1944 As the reader opens this book he may well have one thought in mind: "Military aid to the Soviets? Impossible! How can that be?" The impatient, or unduly skeptical, reader will find an instant overview of the evidence in Appendix C, which lists, from an authentic Soviet source, the technical specifications of the ninety-six ships used by the Soviet Union to transport weapons and supplies to Haiphong for use in South Vietnam against the United States and its allies. A glance at this appendix will verify with hard precision that while the ships on the Haiphong run may fly the Soviet flag, most of them are certainly not Soviet in construction. Moreover, all their propulsion systems originated outside the Soviet Union. A full understanding of the extent and nature of our military aid to the USSR must be based on an understanding of the extent and nature of the trade conducted by the United States and the Western world with the Soviet Union, the role of technology in this trade, and specifically the contribution of transferred Western technology to the development of the Soviet military-industrial complex. The Haiphong-run ships and their engines originated in the West and came to the Soviet Union through "peaceful trade." This kind of observation and evidence is the key to the argument in this book. The History of "Peaceful Trade" From time to time in the last fifty years, both Democratic and Republican administrations have declared a "new" policy of "peaceful trade" with the Soviet Union as the road to a world at peace. Bridge-building to the Soviets began in 1918 under President Woodrow Wilson, before the Bolsheviks had physically gained control of more than a fraction of Russia. As a result of this trade, the Bolsheviks were able to consolidate their totalitarian regime. Edwin Gay, then a member of the U.S. War Trade Board, later dean of the Harvard Business School and a longtime member of the Council on Foreign Relations, is the most likely originator of bridge-building." He is on record as follows in the State Department's files for 1918: "Mr.

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