Index of Persons

Home , Alfonso Jordan, Alice of Champagne, Philip of Tripoli, Raymond of Poitiers

Cambridge University Press 0521623693 - The Crusades, c. 1071-c. 1291 Jean Richard Index More information

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INDEX OF PERSONS

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Abaga, il-khan of Persia, 423±4, 426, 429, Aimery of Limoges, patriarch of Antioch, 432±3, 439±40, 446, 452±3, 460, 463 113±14, 171, 180 Abaq, atabeg of Damascus, 173±4 Aimery of Lusignan, 201, 207, 225, 230, Abgar, St, king of Edessa, 122, 155 232, 235±6, 238±40, 256±7, 264, 294, Abu Abdallah Muhammad (al-Mustansir 371, 376±80 bi-llah), king of Tunis, 428±9 Alan of Lille, canonist, 2 Abu Ali, merchant, 106 Albert of Aix, chronicler, 21, 69, 75, 123, Abu Ghalib, merchant, 384 142±3 Abu Said, khan of Persia, 456 Albert of Rizzato, patriarch of Antioch, 396 Achard of Montmerle, crusader, 31, 271 Albert of Stade, pilgrim, 293 Adela of England, countess of Blois, 35 Albert the Bear, German prince, 158 AdheÂmar of Monteil, bishop of Le Puy, 28, Albert the Great, preacher, 413 32, 42, 49, 60, 66±8, 112 Aldobrandin, adventurer, 254 al-Adil I (`Saphadin'), sultan of Egypt, 197, Alexander II, pope, 4, 23, 39 208, 209±10, 229±30, 232, 235±6, Alexander III, pope, 122, 181, 185, 188, 240±2, 256±7, 293±4, 296±7, 299±300, 190, 199, 202, 214±15, 260, 292 314, 350±1, 362, 375 Alexander IV, pope, 335, 337, 357±8, 360, al-Adil II, sultan of Egypt, 322, 328 362, 364±5, 367, 391, 397, 410±13 Adrian IV, pope, 175, 214 Alexander, chaplain of Stephen of Blois, 28, Adrian V, pope, 385 60 Adson, abbot of MontieÂrender, 17 Alexander Nevski, 360±1 al-Afdal, Egyptian vizier, 57, 65, 68, 139 Alexander of Gravina, Byzantine envoy, 186 al-Afdal, sultan of Egypt, 240±1 Alexander of Hales, canonist, 261 Aghai, Mongol prince, 423 Alexius Axuch, Byzantine general, 180 Agnes of Beirut, 172 Alexius I Comnenus, 13±14, 16, 22, 25, Agnes of Courtenay, wife of King Amalric, 43±8, 55, 57±9, 64, 69±70, 72±4, 110, 80, 83, 200±1 127, 129±30, 132±3, 138, 150, 168, 252 Ahmad ibn Marwan, governor of Antioch, Alexius II Comnenus, 182 53±4, 61 Alexius III Angelus, 233±4, 243±4, 249 Aibek, sultan of Cairo, 349, 351, 414±16 Alexius IV Angelus, 244±5, 247±50, 252 Aimery Barlais, 309 Alexius V Ducas Murzuphlus, 250±1

503

504 Index of persons

Alfonso X, king of Castile, 335, 356, 358, Atsiz, Turkish chief, 14, 18 437±8 Augustine, St, 2 Alfonso Henriques, king of Portugal, 161 al-Awhad, son of al-Adil, 241 Alfonso Jordan, count of Toulouse, 84±5, Ayyub, see al-Salih 165, 171 Ayyub, father of Saladin, 174 Alice, princess of Antioch, 82, 88, 147, al-Aziz, sultan of Cairo, 240±1 149±50 Alice of Armenia, lady of Toron, 311 Badr al-Jamali, Egptian vizier, 14 Alice of Champagne, queen of Cyprus, Baidu, il-khan of Persia, 455 310, 327±8, 337±8, 388, 446 Baiju, Mongol general, 333±5, 365 Ali al-Harawi, Muslim pilgrim, 115, 191 Balak, Ortoqid emir, 137 Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan, 12, 220 Baldwin I of Boulogne, king of Jerusalem, Alphonse of Poitiers, 275, 280, 284, 343, 22, 41±2, 44, 50, 52, 58±9, 62, 70±1, 350±1, 424±5, 427±8, 434, 456 74±5, 78±80, 83±6, 88, 91, 97±8, 107, Altuntash, emir of Bosra, 155 111±12, 118, 127, 131±5, 137, 139±44 Amalric, king of Jerusalem, 80, 85, 87, 90, Baldwin II (Baldwin of Bourcq), king of 92±3, 96, 98, 105, 121, 179±81, 183±90, Jerusalem, 78, 80, 82±3, 86, 88, 92±3, 192, 199, 227, 300, 377 102, 127±8, 133±7, 139, 141±7, 154, Amalric of Lusignan, sire of Tyre, 470 377, 448, 474 Amalric of Montfort, crusader, 320, 322 Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem, 80, 82, Amalric of Narbonne, crusader, 472 86±7, 90, 93, 165±6, 171±2, 174±81, Ambroise, 270, 474 183, 190 Anceau, cantor, 117 Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem, 80, 87, 92, Andrew II, king of Hungary, 297±8, 360, 106±7, 121, 193±7, 199±205, 215 399 Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem, 80, 87, 197, Andrew of Chauvigny, crusader, 231 200, 203±5 Andrew of Longjumeau, missionary, 334, Baldwin I of Constantinople (Baldwin, 365±6, 421 count of Flanders and Hainault), 243, Andronicus I Comnenus, 180, 182, 198, 253±4 224 Baldwin II of Constantinople, 255±6, 320, Andronicus II Palaeologus, 454 333, 337, 344, 358±9, 366, 420, 426, 449, Andronicus Contostephanus, Grand Duke, 457±8 189 Baldwin, a Turkish convert, 89 Anna Comnena, 32, 44, 46 Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 217, Anselm, St, 78 227 Anselm of Havelberg, bishop, 158 Baldwin of Hainault, crusader, 56±7 Archimbald of Bourbon, crusader, 164 Baldwin of Hainault, envoy of Baldwin II, Arda, wife of Baldwin I, 59, 118 366 Arghun, il-khan of Persia, 423, 453±5, 460 Baldwin of Marash, 91, 153±4, 171 Ariq-Buqa, Mongol qaghan, 414, 423 Baldwin of Picquigny, admiral, 468 Arnulf of Choques, patriarch of Jerusalem, Baldwin of Rames, Frankish baron, 193, 28, 60, 66, 68, 70, 111, 117 200±1, 207, 238 Arnulf of Lisieux, bishop, 161, 166 Balian, constable of Jaffa, 140 Arpin, viscount of Bourges, 35 Balian II of Ibelin, 93, 201, 205±7, 209±10, Ascelin of Cremona, missionary, 334, 365 225, 230±1, 259, 317, 338 al-Ashraf, sultan of Damascus, 241, 296, Balian of Ibelin, sire of Arsur, 449±50 303±4, 315 Balian, sire of Beirut, 447 al-Ashraf Khalil, sultan of Cairo, 411, Balian, sire of Sidon, 309, 311±12, 315, 464±6 319, 321 Athanasius III, patriarch of Antioch, 180 Baraq, Mongol khan, 423, 426, 429, 439

Index of persons 505

Barsauma (Rabban Sauma), Mongol Blanche of Castile, queen of France, 281, prelate, 454±5, 463 290±1, 338, 341±2, 351, 354 Bartholomew of Bohemia, Franciscan Bohemond of Taranto, prince of Antioch, preacher, 360, 367 31±4, 42, 44±6, 48±9, 51±4, 56, 58, Bartholomew of Gibelet, Frankish baron, 60±2, 64, 69±72, 74, 78±9, 82, 87, 97, 392, 461±2 110, 127±34 Bartholomew Mansel, bishop of Tortosa, Bohemond II, prince of Antioch, 82, 113, 380, 461 131, 147, 149, 177, 231 Barzella Merxadrus, crusader, 278 Bohemond III, prince of Antioch, 82, 86, Basil II, Byzantine emperor, 12±13 92, 173, 178±80, 182, 185, 193, 196, Batu, Mongol khan, 335, 366, 409±10, 423 201±3, 207, 213, 227, 235, 238±9, 370, Baudri of Bourgeuil, historian, 125 375, 379, 394, 401 Baybars al-Bundukdari, sultan of Cairo, 281, Bohemond IV, prince of Antioch, 86, 238, 347, 414±20, 423±4, 426, 428, 431±3, 241±2, 256, 281, 297±8, 304, 309, 439±40, 443, 445±9, 452, 461, 478 370±1, 375±6, 379, 394, 404, 408, 446 Bazwaj, emir, 148 Bohemond V, prince of Antioch, 319, 334, Beatrice, countess of Edessa, 83, 172 344, 377, 379±80 Beatrice of Courtenay, 377 Bohemond VI, prince of Antioch, 353, Beatrice of Provence, wife of Charles of 379±80, 390±1, 397, 404±5, 410±11, Anjou, 342, 457 414±15, 419±22, 440, 443, 445, 447, 453 Bela IV, king of Hungary, 255, 333, 410 Bohemond VII, prince of Antioch, Benedetto Zaccaria, Genoese admiral, 391, 379±80, 392, 448, 451, 461 461±2 Bohemond, a Turkish convert, 57 Benedict VIII, pope, 467 Bonaventure, St, 437 Benedict, archbishop of Edessa, 122 Boniface VIII, pope, 468±9 Benjamin of Tudela, traveller, 106 Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, 244, BenoõÃt of Alignan, bishop of Marseilles, 247±8, 250, 253 325, 401, 403, 413, 440 Boris-Michael, tsar of the Bulgars, 252 Berard of Palermo, envoy of Frederick II, Bramimonda, queen, 3 315 Brocard, St, hermit, 395 Berenger-Raymond of Barcelona, count of Bruno of OlmuÈtz, bishop, 436 Provence, 17 Bruno of Segni, cardinal, 128 Berke, Mongol khan, 409, 414, 423±4 Burchard of Mont-Sion, pilgrim, 263, 293, Bernard, count of Carinthia, 163 397 Bernard of Clairvaux, St, 26, 118, 120, Buri, atabeg of Damascus, 147±8 157±8, 160, 167±9, 260, 266±7, 406, Bursuq, atabeg of Mosul, 136±7 479, 481±2 Bursuqi, atabeg of Mosul, 125, 146±7 Bernard of Valence, patriarch of Antioch, Buscarello of Ghisol®, Mongol envoy, 455, 113, 136 463 Bernard the Stranger, knight, 74 Bernard the Wise, pilgrim, 17 Caesar of Heisterbach, 18, 77, 214 Bernold of Constance, chronicler, 22 Calixtus II, pope, 145±6, 155 Berthold, count of Katzenelnbogen, Calon of Avallon, crusader, 172 crusader, 243, 303 Cecily of France, wife of Tancred, then of Bertrade of Montfort, 20, 25 Pons of Tripoli, 85, 87±8, 129 Bertrand of Gibelet, 379, 391±2 Celestine III, pope, 217, 232±3, 238, 262, Bertrand of Saint-Gilles, 84±5, 88, 97, 274 132±4, 141 Celestine IV, pope, 336 Bertrand, grandson of Raymond de Saint- Charlemagne, emperor, 2±3, 16, 188, 268 Gilles, 171, 178 Charles II the Bald, king of France, 3

506 Index of persons

Charles IV, king of France, 472 Demetrius of Montferrat, king of Charles I of Anjou, king of Sicily, 283±4, Thessalonika, 254 342, 348, 358±9, 411, 420, 426±33, Denys bar-Salibi, Syrian theologian, 114 438±9, 446, 449±51, 456±60, 469, 471 Dhirgham, Egyptian vizier, 184±5 Charles II of Anjou, king of Sicily, 460, 470 Diderot, 475 Charles the Good, count of Flanders, 80 Diebold of Vohburg, German adventurer, Ciolo Bofeti di Anastasio (Isol the Pisan), 245 Frankish adventurer, 456, 468 DildõÃrim, Muslim emir, 212 Clement III, pope, 28 Doquz-khatun, wife of HuÈleguÈ, 422 Clement IV, pope, 273, 414, 420, 422±5, Dominic, St, 363 427±8, 433±4, 457±9 Dominic of Aragon, missionary, 364 Clement V (Bertrand of Got), pope, 469, Dositheus, patriarch of Constantinople, 233 471±2 Dreu of Mello, crusader, 341 Coloman, king of Hungary, 41±2 Dubais, Arab emir, 146 Conan of BeÂthune, crusader, 244, 249, 270 Duqaq, king of Damascus, 13, 51, 53, 71, Conrad III, Roman king, 158±63, 165±8, 75, 124, 143 479 Conrad IV, Roman king, 311±12, 321, Edgar Atheling, 16, 55 327±8, 333, 336±7, 342, 355, 376±8, Edmund of England, 357±8, 433 383, 449 Edmund l'Estrange, sire of Beirut, 372, 433, Conrad the Constable, crusader, 72, 75 448 Conrad, duke of Mazovia, 360 Edward the Confessor, king of England, 4 Conrad of Hildesheim, bishop, 236±7, 313 Edward I, king of England, 373, 425, Conrad of Hohenlohe, 310 432±4, 439, 448, 452, 454, 463 Conrad of Luxembourg, pilgrim, 17 Eginhard, historian, 2 Conrad of Montferrat, 209, 212, 225±8, Ekkehard of Aura, historian, 75 230, 237, 239±40, 242, 376, 387 Eleanor of Aquitaine, 164±5, 167, 173, 232, Conrad of Wittelsbach, bishop of Mainz, 262 234±5 Eljigidei, Mongol chief, 365, 420 Conradin (Conrad III, king of Jerusalem), Elizabeth of Hungary, St, 263 385, 377±8, 391, 426, 447, 449 Elnard of Seninghem, crusader, 280, 351 Constance, princess of Antioch, 82, 128, Elrad, crusader, 72 149, 151, 172, 177±9 Emeric, king of Hungary, 244 Constance of Aragon, wife of emperor Emich, count of Leiningen, 30, 38±9, 41 Frederick II, 307 Enguerrand, sire of Coucy, 263 Constance, wife of Henry VI, 232 Enguerrand of Marigny, councillor of Constantine Bodin, king of Croatia, 42 Philip the Fair, 472 Constantine Coloman, duke of Cilicia, Enrico Dandolo, doge of Venice, 244±5, 179±80 248, 250 Constantine, Armenian baron, 376 Erard of Brienne, crusader, 222 Erard of Valery, crusader, 417, 437 Daimbert, patriarch of Jerusalem, 69±71, Erlembald, pilgrim, 24 79, 86±8, 97, 111, 134 Erneis, archbishop of Caesarea, 181 Daniel, grand-duke of Halicz, 360±1, Ernoul, historian, 200, 251 409±10 Eschiva, countess of Tripoli, 207 David II, king of Georgia, 125 Eschiva of Ibelin, 235, 238 David, patriarch of Antioch, 364, 398 Eudes I, duke of Burgundy, crusader, 73 David of Ashby, Dominican, 411, 422, Eudes III, duke of Burgundy, 263, 298, 441 439±40 Eudes of Burgundy, count of Nevers, 269, Dawud, see al-Nasir 417

Index of persons 507

Eudes of ChaÃteauroux, cardinal legate, 267, Gabriel, lord of Melitene, 127 282, 292, 339±41, 344, 354, 363±4, 386, Galdemar Carpenel, crusader, 71, 79, 86, 420 139 Eudes of MontbeÂliard, Frankish baron, 293, Galvano of Levanti, author of a memoir, 312, 321, 328, 371 468 Eudes Poilechien, captain of the king of GarcõÂaAÂ lvarez, lord of Caiphas, 372 France, 444, 450, 460 Garnier of Marigny, 279 Eugenius III, pope, 155±7, 159±60, 164±5, Garnier of Grez, crusader, 79 167±8, 185, 259, 338 Garnier the Aleman, Frankish baron, 311, Eumathius Philokales, Byzantine envoy, 319 234 Gaston de BeÂarn, crusader, 65±6 Eustace, count of Boulogne, 41, 60, 66, 68, Gaucher of AutreÁches, crusader, 282 80 Geikhatu, il-khan of Persia, 455 Eustace Grenier, Frankish baron, 140 Genghis Khan, Mongol qaghan, 304, 409, Eustorgius of Montaigu, archbishop of 421±2, 441 Nicosia, 321 Geoffrey Martel, count of AngouleÃme, Euthymius, patriarch of Antioch, 411 179 Everard of Barres, master of the Temple, Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou, 87 164 Geoffrey of Lusignan, crusader, 225±6, 228 Evremar, archbishop of Caesaria, 111 Geoffrey of Rancon, crusader, 164 Ezzelino da Romano, Lombard `tyrant', Geoffrey of St Omer, 119 358 Geoffrey of Sergines, captain of the king of France, 269, 348, 354±5, 417, 426, 447 Fakhr al-Din Ibn al-Shaikh, Egyptian emir, Geoffrey of VendoÃme, crusader, 75 314±15, 347, 349 Geoffrey of Villehardouin, crusader, 244±5, Fidenzio of Padua, author of a memoir, 436 252±3 Firouz, Antioch renegade, 52±3 Gerald of Conilz, pilgrim, 100 Florent of Hainault, prince of Morea, 459 Gerald of Wales, historian, 214, 217 Florent of Varennes, French admiral, 280, Gerard, sire of Sidon, 92±3 427 Gerard of Nazareth, bishop of Latakia, Folkmar, priest and crusader, 29, 38±9, 41 117±18, 178 Folquet of Lunel, troubadour, 436 Gerard of Prato, missionary, 452 Francis of Assisi, St, 306±7, 362±3, 395 Gerard of Ridfort, master of the Temple, Frederick I Barbarossa, 159, 188±9, 192, 205±7, 209, 212, 226, 400, 479 199, 217±23, 232 Gerbert of Aurillac (Silvester II), 16 Frederick II, 103, 233, 246, 260, 277, 279, Gerhoh of Reichersberg, theologian, 214 294±5, 297±8, 304±18, 321±8, 330±4, Gerold of Lausanne, patriarch of Jerusalem, 336±7, 339±40, 342, 344, 347, 349, 355, 308, 310±12, 317±18, 394, 399 357, 372, 377, 379±80, 388±9, 393±4, Gervase of Basoches, Frankish baron, 143 396, 399, 401, 405, 447, 449, 451, 458 Gervase of PreÂmontreÂ, preacher, 266 Frederick of Swabia, 221±2, 226, 232, 281 Geza II, king of Hungary, 161 Fulcher of AngouleÃme, patriarch of Ghazan, Mongol khan of Persia, 455, Jerusalem, 165, 167 468±9 Fulcher of Chartres, historian, xi, 21±2, Gilbert Marshal, crusader, 321 94±5, 103, 115, 373, 384 Gilbert of Assailly, master of the Hospital, Fulk Nerra, pilgrim, 17 121, 186, 188 Fulk V of Anjou, king of Jerusalem, 80, 82, Gilbert of Ravenna, anti-pope, 9, 20 92, 94, 118±19, 145, 147±8, 151±2, Gilbert of Tournai, author of a memoir, 154±5, 236 435 Fulk of Neuilly, preacher, 243, 245, 274±5 Giles, master of the Temple, 347

508 Index of persons

Giles of Saumur, archbishop of Tyre, 346, Henry IV, emperor, 9, 22, 25, 41 413, 420 Henry VI, emperor, 216±17, 230, 232±6, Giles of Trazeignies, crusader, 256 238, 242, 244, 257, 260, 279, 308, 369 Godfrey III, duke of Brabant, 196 Henry (VII), son of Frederick II, 305, 307 Godfrey of Bouillon, 9, 30±1, 33, 38, 41, Henry II Plantagenet, king of England, 87, 44±6, 48±9, 59±61, 63±4, 66±71, 78±9, 173, 185, 188, 199, 201±4, 207, 214, 86±7, 117, 138, 142, 474 218±20, 223, 272, 403 Godfrey of Langres, bishop, 161±2, 167 Henry III, king of England, 274, 291, 321, Gormond of Picquigny, patriarch of 325, 327, 335, 339±40, 342±3, 351, Jerusalem, 97, 141, 144±5 356±8, 425 Gottschalk, priest and crusader, 29, 41 Henry I, king of Cyprus, 308±9, 378, 381, Graindor of Douai, trouveÁre,126 446±7 Gregory VII, pope, 9, 22±5, 28±9 Henry II, king of Cyprus, 460, 462, 464±6, Gregory VIII, pope, 217, 293 470 Gregory IX (Hugolin of Segni), pope, 255, Henry, archbishop of Reims, 214 263, 266, 268, 275, 299, 305, 308, Henry, count of Bar, 222 311±13, 317±21, 324, 333, 336, 363±5, Henry Raspe, anti-king, 336 405 Henry of Albano, cardinal, 217, 266 Gregory X (Tedaldo Visconti), pope, Henry of Almain, son of Richard of 276±7, 434±42, 449, 451±2, 458±60, Cornwall, 432 463, 469 Henry of Antioch (`Henri du Prince'), 447 Guibert of Nogent, historian, 125±6 Henry of Champagne, lord of Jerusalem, Guido, cardinal, 161 195, 203, 222, 226, 229±30, 235, Guiot of Dijon, trouveÁre, 285 238±40, 376±7, 387 Guy, abbot of Les-Vaux-de-Cernay, 248 Henry of Malta, admiral, 306, 315 Guy, brother of Bohemond of Taranto, 55 Henry of Ronnay, Hospitaller, 347 Guy, sire of Gibelet, 379±80, 392, 451, 461 Henry of Strasbourg, preacher, 266 Guy Trousseau of MontlheÂry, 35 Henry of Suse (Hostiensis), cardinal, Guy of Lusignan, 80, 86, 90, 92, 103, 201, 361±2, 368, 481 203, 205±7, 209, 212, 224±5, 227±8, Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, 99, 188, 230, 238, 240, 309, 370, 376, 387 215, 221, 234 Guy of Lusignan, half-brother of Henry III, Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, 203±4, 340 209±10, 214, 225, 371 Guynemer of Boulogne, `pirate', 50±1, 69 Herluin, knight, 54 Guyot of Provence, trouveÁre,215 Herluin, monk, 243 GuÈyuÈk, Mongol qaghan, 334±5, 365 Hermann of Salza, master of the Teutonic knights, 307, 310, 314, 318 Haakon V, king of Norway, 262, 340, 357 HerveÂ le Francopoule, Frankish adventurer, al-Hakim, Fatimid caliph, 14, 16, 21 16 Harold, king of England, 4 HerveÂ of Donzy, count of Nevers, 298 Harpin, viscount of Bourges, 74 Hethoum I, king of Armenia, 367, 376, Haymar the Monk, patriarch of Jerusalem, 409±10, 415, 418, 420±1, 443 393 Hilduin, count of Arcis, 17 Hayton, Armenian prince, 452, 456, 470, Honorius II, pope, 80, 88 472 Honorius III, pope, 254, 298±9, 303, Helen, queen of Sicily, 457 306±7, 313, 458 Helias, count of Le Mans, 31 Hostiensis, see Henry of Suse Hellin of Florette, preacher, 266 Hugh I, king of Cyprus, 297±8, 377 Helvis of Ibelin, 447 Hugh II (Huguet), king of Cyprus, 377±8, Henry III, emperor, 9±10 390, 410, 447

Index of persons 509

Hugh III (of Antioch), king of Cyprus, 378, Ibn Ammar, qadi of Tripoli, 14, 64, 134 433, 445, 448±53, 459 Ibn al-Athir, historian, 179, 283, 304 Hugh I, duke of Burgundy, 10 Ibn Jubayr, traveller, 102, 106, 384 Hugh III, duke of Burgundy, 188, 201, 220, Ibn Khordadbeh, geographer, 15 223, 228±9 Ibn Ruzzik, Egyptian vizier, 183 Hugh IV, duke of Burgundy, 273, 320, 325 Ibn Wasil, historian, 340 Hugh, St, abbot of Cluny, 9 Iftikhar al-Dawla, governor of Jerusalem, Hugh, archbishop of Edessa, 153 65±6 Hugh Damas, crusader, 146 Ignatius, Syrian patriarch, 397 Hugh Saraman, Frankish baron, 380 Ilghazi, Ortoqid emir, 125, 136±7 Hugh of BerzeÂ, crusader, 251 Ilqa, Mongol chief, 415 Hugh of Brienne, Frankish baron, 378, 447, Innocent II, pope, 152 449 Innocent III, pope, 217, 236, 242±9, Hugh of Caesarea, Frankish baron, 185 251±5, 258±60, 264, 266±7, 273±5, Hugh of Chalon, bishop of Auxerre, 17 277, 279, 285±6, 292, 295±9, 303, 313, Hugh of Die, archbishop of Lyons, 28, 35, 316, 359, 379 72 Innocent IV (Sinibaldo Fieschi), pope, 255, Hugh of Jabala, bishop, 156 261, 264, 273±4, 330, 333±4, 336±8, Hugh of Le Puiset, senior, 129, 131 342, 357±8, 361±5, 372, 389, 398, 446 Hugh of Le Puiset, Frankish baron, 80, 90, Irene (Bertha of Sulzbach), Byzantine 92, 129, 131, 154 empress, 162, 244 Hugh of Lusignan, crusader, 75 Isaac II Angelus, Byzantine emperor, 198, Hugh of Lusignan, count of La Marche, 211, 218±21, 233, 244, 249 crusader, 298 Isaac Comnenus, despot of Cyprus, 224, 232 Hugh VIII of Lusignan, 179±80 Isabella, queen of Armenia, 376 Hugh of Payns, master of the Temple, Isabella, queen of Jerusalem, 197, 200, 203, 119±20, 147 205, 227, 230, 235, 237, 239±40, 376, Hugh of St Omer, Frankish baron, 141, 143 378, 446, 449 Hugh of Sully, Anjevin captain, 458±9, 464 Isabella II, queen of Jerusalem, 307, 310±11 Hugh of Tiberias, 231, 235, 474 Isabella, Lady of Beirut, 443, 448 Hugh of Tours, bishop of Troia, 450 Isabella of Lusignan, wife of Henry of Hugh of TuÈbingen, crusader, 29±30 Antioch, 447 Hugh of Vermandois, 28, 42, 45, 56±7, 73, Isabella of Villehardouin, princess of 276 Morea, 457±9 Hugolin of Segni, see Gregory IX Ismail, see al-Salih Ismail HuÈleguÈ, il-khan of Persia, 281, 409±11, Isol the Pisan, see Ciolo Bofeti di Anastasio 414±15, 421±3, 440 Iwane, constable of Georgia, 313 Humbert, sire of Beaujeu, crusader, 255, Izz al-Din, atabeg of Mosul, 197 320, 341 Humbert of Romans, author of a memoir, Jacopo de Levante, Genoese admiral, 342 266±7, 425, 436 Jaime Alarich of Perpignan, envoy of Humphrey II of Toron, 172, 176±7 James I, 426 Humphrey III of Toron, 195 Jalal al-Din, sultan of Khwarizm, 313±15, Humphrey IV of Toron, 197, 200, 203, 322, 329 205, 207, 225, 227 James I, king of Aragon, 425±6, 437±8 Humphrey of Montfort, Frankish baron, James II, king of Aragon, 463, 468 445 James, the Master of Hungary, 290±1 Hunayn ibn-Ishaq, translator, 303 James Vidal, Frankish baron, 378 Huon of St Quentin, trouveÁre, 268±9, 271 James of Avesnes, crusader, 222, 226, 228, Husam al-Din, Egyptian emir, 349 231

510 Index of persons

James of La MandaleÂe, Frankish baron, 310 338±9, 341, 345±51, 354, 374, 397, 403, James of Molay, master of the Temple, 425, 480 469±70 John of Grailly, captain of the king of James of Vitry, historian, xi, 214, 231, 263, France, 462±3, 465 266±7, 297, 304, 363, 371±2, 380, 387, John of Hungary, Mongol envoy, 421±3 393, 408 John of Montfort, sire of Tyre, 343, 392, Jarenton, abbot of Dijon, 29 447 Jawali, atabeg of Mosul, 133±4 John of Nesle, crusader, 245, 256 Jekermish, atabeg of Mosul, 128 John of Parma, missionary, 364 Joachim of Fiore, 295 John of Plancarpin, papal envoy, 334, 365 Joanna of England, sister of Richard I, 230 John of Pisa, cardinal, 117 Joetta, daughter of Baldwin II, then abbess, John of Valenciennes, Frankish baron, 352, 118, 137 372, 413 John, king of England, 87, 204, 218, 230±1, John of Villiers, master of the Hospital, 465 243 John of Wurzburg, pilgrim, 95, 119 John II the Good, king of France, 473 Joinville, see John of Joinville John VIII, pope, 3 Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa, John XXI, pope, 458 83, 88, 127±8, 133±4, 137, 143, 147, 149 John XXII, pope, x, 472 Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of Edessa, John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor, 11 83, 104, 149±54, 171±2, 177 John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, 42, Joscelin III of Courtenay, count of Edessa, 108, 150±3, 172 80±83, 179, 192±3, 201, 203, 205, John III Vatatzes, Byzantine emperor, 207±8, 236, 310 255±6, 337 Joscelin of Cournaut, engineer, 347±8 John V the Oxite, patriarch of Antioch, 60, Joseph Batit, Syrian, 209 110 Josias, archbishop of Tyre, 206, 217±18 John Asen, tsar of the Bulgars, 255, 320 Julian, sire of Sidon, 372, 403, 411 John Bekkos, patriarch of Constantinople, 439 Kai-Kawus, sultan of Konya, 241 John Burgundio, theologian, 129 Kai-Kushraw I, sultan of Konya, 241 John Ducas, Byzantine general, 55 Kai-Qobad, sultan of Konya, 241 John Foignon, Frankish baron, 447 Kaloyan, tsar of the Bulgars, 252 John Phocas, pilgrim, 104, 397 al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt, 241, 296, 300±1, John Roger, Caesar, 172 303±6, 314±19, 322 John Tristan, son of Louis IX, 350, 432 Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul, 52±5, 59, 125, John Xiphilinus, patriarch of 134, 474 Constantinople, 233 Kilij Arslan II, Seljuk sultan of Nicaea, John of Acre, Frankish baron, 434 48±9, 73, 178, 182, 193, 241 John of BeÂthune, crusader, 320 Kitbuqa, Mongol general, 411, 414±15, John of Braine, crusader, 320 440 John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, 240, Kogh Vasil, Armenian chief, 59, 133, 137 254, 257, 294, 297, 299±303, 305±8, KoÈkoÈchu, shaman, 421 310, 320, 376, 387, 408, 434 John, sire of Caesarea, 321 Landry of Fleury, crusader, 341 John of Ibelin, sire of Beirut, 240, 308±11, Laurence of Portugal, missionary, 364 371, 378, 387±8, 447±8 Leo IX, pope, 4, 25 John of Ibelin, sire of Arsur, 355, 389±90, Leo I, king of Armenia, 150±1, 232, 447 238±40, 256, 370±1, 375±6, 379, 401 John of Joinville, chronicler, 263, 267±8, Leo III, king of Armenia, 452±3 271, 273, 277±8, 280, 282±7, 293, Leopold, duke of Austria, 231±2, 262, 298

Index of persons 511

LieÂbald, pilgrim, 18 Margaret, countess of Flanders, 457 LieÂbert, bishop of Cambrai, 17±18 Margarit, Sicilian admiral, 212±13 Lorenzo Tiepolo, Venetian admiral, 389 Maria of Antioch, Byzantine empress, 82, Lothair Filangieri, 328 86, 182 Louis VII, king of France, 87, 121, 156, Maria of Antioch, pretender, 327, 378, 447, 159±65, 167±8, 173, 179, 181±2, 449±50, 458 185±6, 188, 199, 202, 214, 259, 269, Maria Comnena, queen of Jerusalem, 93, 271±2, 276, 338 200, 225, 227 Louis VIII, king of France, 457 Maria of Montferrat, queen of Jerusalem, Louis IX (St Louis), king of France, 260, 239±40, 294, 307, 376 263±4, 267, 269, 273±85, 287, 292±3, Maria, daughter of Michael VIII, 423 320, 332, 335±6, 338±57, 361, 365±8, Marino Sanudo, author of a memoir, 470 372, 374, 391, 401, 403, 405, 408±9, 414, Markos, Nestorian catholicos, 454 417, 420±2, 424±34, 441, 449, 456±8 Markward of Anweiler, regent of Sicily, Louis, count of Blois, crusader, 243, 254 243, 292 Louis, count of Clermont, 472 Marsilio Zorzi, Venetian bailli, 373, 388 Luccheto Grimaldi, Genoese admiral, 391 Martin IV (Simon of Brie), pope, 276, 420, Lucia of Segni, princess of Antioch, 379 425, 437, 459±60 Lucia of Toucy, princess of Antioch, 380, Martin, abbot of Pairis, crusader, 247, 254 461±2 Masud, sultan of Konya, 171 Lucius III, pope, 203±4 Matthew Paris, historian, 275, 333, 340, Luther, 477 342, 344±6, 352, 361±2, 374, 383 Mawdud, atabeg of Mosul, 134±5, 137, 144 Magnus of Reichersberg, historian, 198 Melior of Ravendel, Frankish baron, 469 Mahmud, sultan of Ghazna, 12 Melisende, queen of Jerusalem, 80, 87, 104, Mahomet, 295 152, 165, 175 Malik Ghazi, Danishmend emir, 127 Melisende of Lusignan, princess of Antioch, Malik-Shah, sultan of Egypt, 13 446±7 Manasses of Hierges, Frankish baron, 80, Melisende of Tripoli, 86±7, 178 175 Michael VII, Byzantine emperor, 12, 22, 25 Manfred, king of Sicily, 269, 358±9, 423, Michael VIII Palaeologus, 253, 256, 337, 428, 449, 457 359, 391, 423±4, 426, 439, 457±9 Maniakes, Byzantine general, 16 Michael Cerularius, patriarch of al-Mansur, prince of Hamah, 418 Constantinople, 25 MansuÃr ibn NabõÃl, qadi of Jabala, 213 Michael of Otranto, Byzantine envoy, 186 Manuel Boutoumites, 132 Miles of Plancy, Frankish baron, 187, 199 Manuel Comnenus I, Byzantine emperor, Michael the Syrian, Syrian patriarch, 60, 91, 82, 86, 122, 151, 153, 160±4, 167±8, 113±14, 180 170, 172, 177±82, 186±7, 189±90, Mindaugas, king of Lithuania, 361, 409 201±2, 252, 254, 397 MoÈngke, qaghan, 366, 409, 414, 420 Manuel Zaccaria, Genoese admiral, 467 MoÈngke-Temur, khan, 439, 453 Maqrizi, historian, 432 Moses Maimonides, Jewish pilgrim, 212 Marcabru, troubadour, 269 al-Muazzam, emir of Damascus, 240±1, 257, Marco Polo, traveller, 385, 434, 456 294, 296±9, 301±2, 305, 314±15, 318 Marco Sanudo, duke of the Archipelago, Muhammad, Seljuk sultan, 132 253 Muin al-Din Unur, atabeg of Damascus, Margaret, queen of Hungary, crusader, 235 147, 152, 155, 166±8, 171 Margaret of Provence, queen of France, Musa, knight, 107 278, 342, 350, 457 Margaret of Antioch-Lusignan, 447 Napoleon Bonaparte, 346

512 Index of persons

Narjot of Toucy, Sicilian baron, 380, 461 Pagan of Caiphas, Frankish baron, 187, 225 al-Nasir, caliph of Baghdad, 242 Pakrad, Armenian chief, 59 al-Nasir Dawud, sultan of Damascus, then Paschal II, pope, 19, 28, 34, 72, 86, 88, 124, of Kerak, 315, 317, 332±3, 325±8, 330 128±9 al-Nasir Yusuf, sultan of Aleppo, then of Pasquette of Metz, deported to Mongolia, Damascus, 352±4, 410, 414±15, 472 366 Nawruz, Mongol emir, 455 Paul dei Conti, bishop of Tripoli, 395, 451 Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine emperor, 11 Pegolotti, Florentine merchant, 381±2 Nicetas Choniates, historian, 221, 233 Pelagius, cardinal of Albano and legate, 275, Nicetus, Byzantine duke, 41 295, 299±306, 313, 408 Nicholas I, pope, 252 Peter I, king of Aragon, 459 Nicholas II, pope, 9 Peter I, king of Cyprus, 473 Nicholas III, pope, 452, 458 Peter I, patriarch of Antioch, 376, 394 Nicholas IV, pope, 442, 454, 456, 460, 463, Peter II, patriarch of Antioch, 376, 396 467, 471 Peter Bartholomew, visionary, 54, 64, 68, Nicholas, patriarch of Alexandria, 306 78 Nicholas of Cologne, leader of a crusade, Peter Cantor, theologian, 243 289 Peter Capuano, cardinal legate, 243, 245±7, Nicholas of Hanapes, patriarch of 253±4, 273 Jerusalem, 463, 465 Peter Desiderius, priest, 66 Nicholas of Vicenza, missionary, 434 Peter Dubois, author of a memoir, 471 Niklot, Wendish prince, 158 Peter Mauclerc, count of Brittany, 263, Nogai, Mongol prince, 423±4 320, 322±4 Nur al-Din, king of Aleppo and Damascus, Peter of Avallon, Frankish baron, 319 85, 92, 125, 154±5, 164, 166, 171±4, Peter of Blois, theologian, 215, 217 176±81, 183±6, 188±92, 196, 198, 211, Peter of Bracieux, 254 477±8 Peter of Courtenay, count of Auxerre, emperor of Constantinople, 195, 203 Odo of Deuil, historian, 160, 163, 168 Peter, sire of Gibelet, 462 Odo of Saint-Amand, master of the Peter of Narbonne, bishop of Albara, 61±2 Hospital, 181 Peter of Pennis, author of a memoir, 467 Ogedei, Mongol qaghan, 333 Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, Oghul-Qaimish, regent of the Mongol 313±14, 398 empire, 366, 420 Peter of Roussy, preacher, 243 Oliver of Paderborn, preacher and Peter of Saint-Chrysogonus, cardinal legate, historian, 265±6, 288, 297, 300, 304 182 Oliver of Termes, captain of the king of Peter of Sevrey, Templar, 465 France, 284±5, 354, 417, 434, 438 Peter the Hermit, preacher, 21, 29±30, 34, OljeituÈ, khan of Persia, 470 38±9, 41, 47±8, 51, 54, 69 Opizo dei Fieschi, patriarch of Antioch, Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 168 395, 411 Philaretus, Byzantine general, 12, 59 Orderic Vitalis, historian, 128 Philip I, king of France, 20, 128 Orseolo, doge of Venice, 15 Philip Augustus, king of France, 203±4, Otto, bishop of Brunswick, 236, 295 214, 218±20, 222±4, 227±8, 230±1, Otto, bishop of Friesing, 156, 163±5 240, 243±4, 262, 264, 279, 283, 288, 294, Otto, count of Henneburg, MinnesaÈnger, 307, 357, 403 236±7 Philip III the Bold, king of France, 276, Otto of Grandson, captain of the king of 281, 425, 432, 434, 437±8, 454 England, 433, 463, 465 Philip IV the Fair, king of France, 403, 455, Ottokar II, king of Bohemia, 361, 436, 438 469, 471±2

Index of persons 513

Philip V, king of France, 472 Ralph of Soissons, husband of Alice of Philip VI, king of France, x, 472 Champagne, 328 Philip, son of Louis VI, 156 Ralph of Tiberias, Frankish baron, 235, Philip, Dominican prior of Jerusalem, 363 254, 377 Philip Chinard, 381 Raoul Glaber, historian, 16 Philip, count of Flanders, 190, 193, 200, Raoul, abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel, 17 202±3, 223, 228 Rashid al-Din, Persian historian, 409, 456 Philip of Antioch, king of Armenia, 376 Ravendinos, Byzantine envoy, 150 Philip of Aubigny, crusader, 299 Raymond II, count of Tripoli, 85±6, 107, Philip of Courtenay, son of Baldwin II, 148±9, 165 359, 449, 457 Raymond III, count of Tripoli, 80, 85±7, Philip of Dreux, 227 92, 171, 178±80, 192±3, 197, 199±201, Philip of Milly, Frankish baron, 90, 92 203, 205±7, 225, 238, 371, 375, 387, 479 Philip of Montfort, sire of Tyre, 327, 330, Raymond of Saint-Gilles, count of 348±9, 378, 389, 391, 443, 447 Toulouse and of Tripoli, 15, 27±8, Philip of Nanteuil, trouveÁre, 285 30±3, 42, 46, 48, 51±5, 57±8, 60±4, Philip of Novara, jurist, 378 66±70, 72±5, 77±9, 83±4, 91, 123±4, Philip of Oxford, preacher, 267 127, 132, 138, 141, 165, 171, 271 Philip of Swabia, king of Germany, 233, Raymond VII, count of Toulouse, 262±3, 236, 244 280, 343 Philip of Tarento, son of Charles of Anjou, Raymond Etienne, author of a memoir, 457±8 472 Philip of Tripoli, translator, 117 Raymond Pilet, crusader, 32, 61, 64±5 Plaisance, queen of Cyprus, 355, 377, Raymond Roupen, prince of Antioch, 238, 390±1, 447 256, 375±6, 379, 394, 447 Pons, count of Tripoli, 85, 87±9, 107, 134, Raymond of Aguilers, historian, 63, 66 136, 148, 150 Raymond of Antioch, son of Pons of Balazun, crusader, 63 Bohemond III, 86, 207, 238, 375 Prester John, 156, 304, 408 Raymond of Antioch, son of Bohemond IV, 242 Qadaan, Mongol chief, 333 Raymond of Nephin, 379 QalawuÃn, sultan of Egypt, 369, 443±4, Raymond of Pennafort, St, 429 452±3, 460±4 Raymond of Poitiers, prince of Antioch, Qara Arslan, Ortoqid emir, 172 82, 149±53, 164±5, 171±3 Qubilai, Mongol qaghan, 409, 414, 423, Renaud, trouveÁre, 269 434, 452±3 Reynald Barlais, Frankish baron, 235 Qutlugh Shah, Mongol general, 468 Reynald of ChaÃtillon-sur-Loing, prince of Qutuz, sultan of Egypt, 414±15 Antioch, 82, 92, 172±3, 176±9, 192±3, 196±7, 200±1, 205±7, 215 Rabban Sauma, see Barsauma Reynald of Dampierre, crusader, 256, 286 Radulph, hermit, 118 Reynald of Montmirail-au-Perche, Radulph of Domfront, patriarch of crusader, 248, 256 Antioch, 113 Reynald of Saint-Valery, pilgrim, 176 Rainier Brus, sire of Banyas, 129, 131, 152 Reynald of Sidon, Frankish baron, 193, Rainier of Gibelet, Frankish baron, 232 206±8, 225, 230 Rainier of Montferrat, son-in-law of Richard I the Lionheart, king of England, Manuel Comnenus, 182 218±20, 223±4, 227±32, 236, 239, 243, Ralph, patriarch, 310 262, 277, 279, 281, 283±4, 288, 293±4, Ralph Grosparmi, cardinal legate, 425, 432 353, 356, 370, 376, 400, 477 Ralph of MauleÂon, crusader, 196 Richard, abbot of Verdun, 17

514 Index of persons

Richard, earl of Cornwall, 321, 324±7, Rudolf, Cistercian preacher, 157±8 331, 340, 358, 432, 437 Rudolph of Hapsburg, Roman king, Richard Filangieri, marshal, 311±12, 314, 437±8 327±8, 388, 404±5, 448 Russudan, queen of Georgia, 295, 313 Richard the Pilgrim, trouveÁre, 126, 474 Rutebeuf, trouveÁre, 269±70, 355, 358±9, Ricoldo of Monte Croce, missionary, 397, 368, 413, 425, 428 463, 465 Rychaldus, notary, 421±2, 439±40, 454 Ridwan, king of Aleppo, 13, 52, 73, 124, 127, 132±3, 135±6 Sadi, ra'is of Tyre, 106 Robert I, the Frison, count of Flanders, 14 Saewulf, pilgrim, 99 Robert II, count of Flanders, 43, 47, 51, 60, Saif al-Din, atabeg of Mosul, 166 64, 67±9 Saif al-Din Qipchaq, governor of Robert the Magni®cent, duke of Damascus, 455 Normandy, 17 Saladin (Salah al-Din), Yusuf, 66, 91±2, Robert II Curthose, duke of Normandy, 170, 174, 182, 186, 188±203, 205±13, 16, 29±30, 43, 47, 53, 60, 63, 67±9 216±22, 225±32, 236, 238, 240±2, 257, Robert, count of Artois, 346±7, 361, 456 272, 285±6, 294, 296, 317, 350±1, Robert Crespin, 16, 44 369±70, 375, 381, 387, 393, 397, 400±1, Robert Guiscard, conqueror of Apulia, 23, 422, 474, 477±9 44, 457 al-Salih Ayyub, sultan of Egypt, 322±3, Robert of Arbrissel, preacher, 29±30 325, 328±30, 340, 344, 346±7, 350 Robert of Boves, crusader, 247 al-Salih Ismail, Zendid prince, 192±3 Robert of Clari, crusader, 251 al-Salih Ismail, sultan of Damascus, 322±3, Robert of CourcËon, cardinal legate, 243, 325, 328, 330 266, 297, 300 Samaghar, Mongol general, 433, 452 Robert of Courtenay, emperor of Sanjar, Seljuk sultan, 156 Constantinople, 253, 320 Sartaq, Mongol prince, 366, 409 Robert of CreseÁques, captain of the king of Sempad, king of Armenia, 468 France, 426 Sempad, constable of Armenia, 365 Robert of SableÂ, master of the Temple, 400 Sergius IV, pope, 21 Robert of Vieux-Pont, crusader, 129, 131 Shawar, Egyptian vizier, 184±8 Roger I of Sicily, 22±3, 88, 112 ShirkuÃh, Kurdish emir, 174, 184±9, 191, Roger II of Sicily (`of Antioch'), 86, 241 149±50, 160, 162, 167±8, 177 Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem, 80, 90, 200±3, Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia, 31 205, 210, 227 Roger Flor, Templar, then adventurer, 403 Sibylla, wife of Bohemond III, 201 Roger of Moulins, master of the Hospital, Sibylla of Anjou, countess of Flanders, 206 176±7, 200 Roger of Salerno, prince of Antioch, 82, Sibylla of Armenia, princess of Antioch, 128, 133, 136 380, 461 Roger of San Severino, Sicilian bailli of Simeon Rabban-ata, Nestorian monk, 365 Acre, 450±1, 459 Simon Grillo, Genoese admiral, 391 Roman of Le Puy, Frankish baron, 92 Simon Mansel, constable of Antioch, 419 Romanus Diogenes, Byzantine emperor, 12 Simon of Brie, see Martin IV Rorgo Fretel of Nazareth, author of a Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, 291, pilgrim guide, 117, 119 321, 325, 340, 356, 425 Rosso della Turca, Genoese admiral, 391 Simon de Montfort, crusader, 247±8 Rotrou of Montfort, crusader, 256 Simon of St Quentin, historian, 254, 381 Roussel of Bailleul, Frankish adventurer, Simon of Sarrebruck, crusader, 277, 299 12, 16, 44 Sinibaldo Fieschi, see Innocent IV

Index of persons 515

Sinn al-Nabra, 144 Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders, 155, Sofredo, cardinal legate, 243, 245 167, 175±7, 180, 200 Sonqor al-Ashkar, governor of Damascus, Thierry III of Holland, pilgrim, 17 452±3, 460 Thomas Aquinas, St, 436 Soqman, Ortoqid emir, 52 Thomas Agni of Lentino, patriarch of Stephen, a shepherd, 288±9 Jerusalem, 422, 434 Stephen, count of Blois, 35, 43, 47, 53, 55, Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, 60, 72±5 202, 303, 313 Stephen, count of Burgundy, crusader, Thomas Berard, master of the Temple, 450 74±5 Thomas of Acerra, bailli in Syria, 315, 328 Stephen, count of Sancerre, pilgrim, 188 Thomas of Marle, crusader, 320 Stephen Langton, preacher, 243 Thomas of St Bertin, feudatory, 450 Stephen Nemanya, Serbian prince, 220 Thoros, curopalates of Edessa, 59, 177±80 Stephen of Neublans, crusader, 271 Toghrul, leader of the Seljuk Turks, 12 Stephen of Perche, crusader, 254, 256 Toghrul III, Seljuk sultan, 242 Stephen of Pisa, translator, 117 Tughtekin, Burid atabeg, 91, 125, 135±6, Stephen of Sauvegny, jurist, 378 141, 143±4, 146±7, 474 Stephanie of Milly, lady of Oultrejourdain, Tommaso Ugi of Siena, mercenary, 456 200 Turanshah, brother of Saladin, 192, 347, Suger, abbot of St Denis, 161, 168±9, 271, 349, 368 431 Tutush, Seljuk king of Syria, 13, 134 Suleiman, Seljuk sultan of Antioch, 12±13 Tzachas, emir of Smyrna, 12, 14

Tancred of Hauteville, prince of Antioch, Ubaldo, archbishop of Pisa and legate, 222, 31±2, 46, 48, 50±1, 61, 63, 65±6, 68, 71, 227 74, 78±9, 82±8, 127±9, 131±5 Ugo Lercaro, Genoese admiral, 342 Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily, 223 Unur, see Muin al-Din Unur Taqi al-Din, nephew of Saladin, 209, 240 Urban II, pope, 1, 9±10, 19±30, 34, 36, 39, Taticius, Byzantine general, 48±9, 51, 55, 45±7, 60, 62, 65, 70, 72, 75, 88, 110, 58, 102, 168 112±13, 124, 129, 145±6, 156, 181, 259, Teguder (Ahmed), il-khan of Persia, 453 261±2, 270, 473, 477, 479, 481±2 Thaddeus, St, 122 Urban III, pope, 217 Theodora, Byzantine empress, 12 Urban IV (James Pantaleon of Courpalay), Theodora Comnena, queen of Jerusalem, pope, 275, 358±9, 394, 413, 417, 421±2, 86, 177, 180, 201 424 Theodore I Lascaris, emperor of Nicaea, Usama ibn Munqidh, Arab emir, 93, 98, 265 106, 136, 152 Theodore II Lascaris, emperor of LieÁge, Usama, emir of Beirut, 235 337 Theodoric, author of a pilgrim guide, 119 Vasil Dgha, Armenian baron, 137 TheÂoduin of LieÁge, pilgrim, 17 Victor IV, anti-pope, 18, 189 Theodwin, cardinal legate, 161, 168 Voltaire, 474±5 Thibaut III, count of Champagne, 243 Thibaut IV, count of Champagne, king of Waldemar I, king of Denmark, 360 Navarre, 262, 320±7, 331±2, 338, 351 Waleran of Limbourg, crusader, 235 Thibaut V, count of Champagne, king of Walter, English Dominican, 317 Navarre, 286, 431±2, 458 Walter, bishop of Autun, 245, 256 Thierry, abbot of Saint-Evroul, 17 Walter, count of Brienne, 245, 285, 319, Thierry, preceptor of the Temple, 209, 217, 321±2, 330, 352 400 Walter of Avesnes, crusader, 298

516 Index of persons

Walter of ChaÃtillon, crusader, 349 William of Champlitte, crusader, 253 Walter of MontbeÂliard, Frankish baron, William of Gibelet, Frankish baron, 306 257 William of Holland, anti-king, 274, 336±7, Walter of Nemours, crusader, 283±4 361, 457 Walter of Palear, chancellor of Sicily, 306 William of Malmesbury, historian, 15 Walter of St Omer, Frankish baron, 200 William de Mandeville, crusader, 202 Walter Sans-Avoir, crusader, 29, 41, 47±8, William of Montferrat, missionary, 363 285 William of Montpellier, 62 Walter of Teck, 29 William of Nogaret, councillor of Philip Welf IV, duke of Bavaria, 73 the Fair, 470 Welf VI, duke of Bavaria, 158±9, 165±6 William of Orange, 268 Werner of Bollanden, crusader, 248 William of Poitiers (the Troubadour), duke Wicher the German, knight, 77, 79 of Aquitaine, 31, 35, 73, 75 Wilbrand of Oldenburg, 371 William of Preaux, crusader, 231 William I the Conqueror, king of England, William of Roussillon, captain of the king 4, 10, 78 of France, 434, 450 William II Rufus, king of England, 30±1 William of Rubruck, missionary, 366±7, William II, king of Sicily, 188, 212, 409, 420 217±18, 223 William of Tripoli (William of William IV of Toulouse, pilgrim, 17 Champenois), missionary, 323, 364, 434, William II, count of Nevers, 73 436 William IV, count of Nevers, 187 William of Villehardouin, prince of Morea, William III, marquis of Montferrat, 207, 426, 449, 457±8 209 William of Warenne, 161, 164 William V Longsword, marquis of William the Carpenter, viscount of Melun, Montferrat, 80, 200, 203, 254 29, 51 William, bishop of Orange, 34, 67 Wolfker of Kuffern, crusader, 31 William, archbishop of Tyre, historian, 117, 123, 131, 151, 154, 165±6, 176, 185±6, Yaghi Siyan, governor of Antioch, 50±3, 188, 199±201 61 William Adam, missionary, 472 YuÃsuf ibn TaÃshõÃn, Almoravid conqueror, William Boucher, Parisian goldsmith, 366 124 William Brewer, bishop of Exeter, 313 Yves of Nesle, crusader, 172 William Jordan, count of Tripoli, 84±5, 88, Yves of Vieux-Pont, crusader, 222 133±4 Yves the Breton, Dominican, 352 William Longsword, earl of Salisbury, 321, 325, 340, 346±7 Zagan, Mongol envoy, 455 William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, 204 al-Zahir, king of Aleppo, 240±1, 296, William Peyre of Conilhac, 62 375 William Taillefer, count of AngouleÃme, Zain al-Din, emir of the Gharb, 445 17 Zengi, atabeg of Mosul, 125, 147±8, William of Beaujeu, master of the Temple, 152±4, 166±7, 173, 196, 269 281, 392, 405, 435, 450±1, 460, 464±5 Zengi II, lord of Aleppo, 196 William of Bures, Frankish baron, 141 Zoe, Byzantine empress, 12