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A Conversation With...Jane Goodall

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A Conversation With...Jane Goodall A Conversation with .. Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/52/1/33/44367/4449021.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 .Jane Goodall Neil A. Campbell about the animals and the issues will they care Inspired by her love of animals and her desire to write about enough to help and they can only understand if I them, an 18-year-oldJane Goodalltraveled by boat from her home in England to the shores of Africa. There she met the famed share informationwith them." anthropologist/paleontologistLouis S.B. Leakey,who hired her as an assistant at Nairobi's Natural History Museum. Leakey later encouraged her to begin a field study observingchimpanzees at a When a scientist has celebrity status, are there spe- remote site in East Africa. In 1960Jane Goodallmade her first trip cial problems and benefits? to the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve (now the Gombe Na- so many tional Park)in Tanzania.What she thought might be a three-year "The main problem is needing to be in study became a life-long mission to understand chimpanzee be- places at the same time. Particularlynow that I'm in- havior and share that understandingwith the rest of the world. volved in trying to enforce more humane conditions Goodall's extraordinaryaccomplishments have been closely fol- When I'm lowed by the world in her six published books, her numerous ap- for primates in medical research labs. pearances on National Geographic Society specials and her fre- asked to attend a conference "because it could make quent lecture tours. a difference"-well, I have to go, if I can. It all means In this interview, she shares some fascinatingstories and mag- at Gombe. And I ical moments from her experience studying non-human primates I get less time to do field research in the wild. spend days and days in airplanes. Because a great deal of cruelty inflicted on non-human animals is due to ignorance, I feel it is importantto spend time with the media, to write books for children and to talk at Dr. Goodall, why did you make this long trip from schools in addition to the college and public lectures. Tanzania to New York? And this is not only in the USA but in Europe as "This particularoccasion is to receive one of the cen- well. However, so long as it really does make a dif- tennial awards of the National GeographicSociety. I ference, even a small one, it's worthwhile." just happen to be one of the scientists who's been involved with them for a very long time." You've just finished an interview with Time maga- The and do a lot of public speaking. How do This interview is one of eight that will appear in zine, you AmericanBiology Teacherthrough June 1990. All are ex- you view the responsibility of a scientist to public cerpted from conversations between eminent biologists education? and Neil A. Campbell,author of the textbook Biology(Ben- "I feel a sense of responsibility to the public. Then, jamin/CummingsPublishing Co., Redwood City, CA). too, I owe a great deal to the chimpanzees;they have The interviews introduce each unit of the second edition given me so much. Chimpanzees need our help: they of Biology.Campbell has taught general biology at Cornell University, Pomona College and San Bernardino Valley are endangered in the wild and often misused in cap- College for the past 21 years. He is now at the University of tivity. To effect change it is often necessary to get the California,Riverside. support of the public. Only if the public understands GOODALL 33 One of your current projects is the ChimpanZoo about Africa. Dr. Dolittleand Tarzan-stories about program. Can you tell us about that? Africananimals. By the time I was eight, I knew that "In 1984, I suddenly realized that chimp groups in I hadto go to Africa." zoos would make ideal subjects for study. Students, keepers and volunteers could all become involved. How did you finance your first trip to Africa? The research would help zoo management to im- "By giving up my very fascinating job with docu- prove their exhibits which would, in turn, benefit the mentary film-making in London and working as a chimps. Finally, the project would create growing waitress-it paid better." understanding of chimpanzees, their complex per- How did Louis Leakey first learn about you? sonalities and their intelligence. The zoos that I ap- "I heard about him and went to see him. He asked proached were enthusiastic. Now, in 1989, 15 zoos me all kinds of questions and was clearly impressed are committed to statisticaldata collection and many with my knowledge of African animals and offered others are contributingin a less formal way. Eventu- me a job as his secretary-assistant.Soon after that I ally, we shall be able to compare behavior in the dif- accompaniedhim and his wife on their annual dig at ferent sites-a cross-culturalstudy." Olduvai Gorge. That was in 1957 before the first of the hominid remains had been found there. It was What is the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Re- the Africa of my dreams come true-utterly remote Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/52/1/33/44367/4449021.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 search?And how is it related to the Gombe Research and wild with no car tracksbut our own. There were Center, the actual site of your research? lions and rhinos and giraffes all around us." "The Jane Goodall Institute was formed in 1976. We support research at Gombe and also contribute to What was Leakey's vision in first sending you to chimpanzee research in other parts of Africa and to study the chimpanzees of Gombe? the ChimpanZoo program. We are working to en- "Louis told me he had been looking for 10 years for force better living conditions for chimps in medical the right person to go and study mankind's closest research labs. We are also launching a series of edu- living relative in the wild, hoping the results would cation programs for children, students and the gen- give him clues about early human's behavior. Today eral public concerning our relationship with non- we take for granted his logic-that behaviors shared human animals in general and chimpanzees in par- by modern man and modern chimpanzee are likely ticular." to have been present in the common ancestor and, therefore, in early man himself. But at that time it What facilities exist at the Gombe center now, and was a new approach, one of the signs of Leakey's what is the typical camp population like today? genius. I was concerned that I had no college degree. "I have a cement block house with a grass-covered, In his eyes this was a plus: he wanted a person galvanized iron roof. It's simple; there's no running whose mind was unclutteredby scientifictheory." water or electricity.The windows are made of weld- mesh to keep the baboons and chimps out. The day- You've written that you do not personally find it to-day research is carried on by Tanzanian field as- necessary to justify the study of chimpanzees by sistants; they have their own little "village" which, suggesting that the results will help us in our long like my house, is on the shore of Lake Tanganyika. search to comprehend human behavior. Would you About half a mile inland is "chimp camp"-two alu- please explain what you mean by that? minum huts-where we still feed bananas to the "Well, first let me make it clear that I do believe that chimps (each chimp gets about six bananas once the results of the research help us to better under- every ten days or so). And those really are all the stand some aspects of human behavior. But equally I facilities we have at Gombe." believe that the study of creatures as complex and fascinating as chimpanzees is important in its own Your childhood dream was to study animals in right. In fact, the most important spin-off of the Africa. How did that interest develop at such a chimp researchis probablythe humbling effect it has young age? on us: we are not, after all, the only aware, reasoning "I was born that way. When I was two years old, I beings on this planet." once took worms to bed with me. My mother was wonderful; when she found them, instead of saying What can ethology contribute to general ecology? "Yuck! How disgusting!" and throwing them out, "You can't understand the ecology of a given area she said, "Jane, if you leave them there they'll die, without knowing how the animal species behave, they need the damp earth." So I gathered them up as how much territorythey need and so on. It is partic- fast as I could and ran into the garden with them to ularly important to understand the needs of the save them. That early interest continued. I watched various animal species if one is to effectively manage insects and birds in the garden and, as I got older, a reserve or national park. The sciences of ecology made notes about them. Then I began reading books and ethology are interdependent." 34 THE AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER, VOLUME 52, NO. 1, JANUARY 1990 How large and what type of biological community is climbed up to the peak day after day and sat there Gombe? Is it isolated from other populations in watching through my binoculars.
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