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West African Chimpanzees Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees Compiled and edited by Rebecca Kormos, Christophe Boesch, Mohamed I. Bakarr and Thomas M. Butynski IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and West African Chimpanzees Action Plan The IUCN Species Survival Commission is committed to communicating important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conser- vation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conser- vation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conservation education, research, and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC. WWF’s contribution supports the SSC’s minimal infrastructure and helps ensure that the voluntary network and publications programme are adequately supported. WWF aims to conserve nature and ecological processes by: (1) preserving genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity; (2) ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable both now and in the longer term; and (3) promoting actions to reduce pollution and the wasteful exploitation and consumption of resources and energy. WWF is one of the world’s largest independent conservation organizations with a network of National Organizations and Associates around the world and over 5.2 million regular supporters. WWF continues to be known as World Wildlife Fund in Canada and in the United States of America. The Great Ape Conservation Fund was established by the Great Ape Conservation Act of 2000 to assist in the conservation and protection of five primate groups – chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos, orangutans and gibbons. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) works to achieve the objectives of the Fund by developing partnerships with natural resource management agencies, academic institutions, local community groups, government and non-government entities, and any other experienced organization or individual committed to partnering for the benefit of ape conservation. The Great Ape Conservation Fund provided the main funding for the development of an action plan for chimpanzees in West Africa. The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF aims to dramatically advance conservation of Earth’s biodiversity hotspots by providing support to non-governmental, community and grassroots organizations. A fundamental goal is to ensure civil society is engaged in biodiversity conservation. CEPF provided funding for the publication, translation and dissemination of this document. The Primate Action Fund’s principle objective is to contribute to global biodiversity conservation by providing strategically targeted, catalytic support for the conservation of endangered nonhuman primates and their natural habitats. The Primate Action Fund also provided funding for the publication, translation and dissemination of this document. Conservation International’s (CI) mission statement is to conserve the Earth’s natural living heritage, our global biodiversity, and to demonstrate that human societies are able to live harmoniously with nature. CI applies innovations in science, economics, policy and community participation to protect the Earth’s richest regions of plant and animal diversity in the hotspots, major tropical wilderness areas and key marine ecosystems. CI provided support for the development, compi- lation and editing of this document. The Center for Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS) was launched at CI in 1998 to strengthen it’s research capabilities in order to accurately identify and quickly respond to emerging biological diversity threats. The key role of the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science is the acquisition and analysis of biological data to support priority-setting and analysis in the key regions targeted by CI – the Hotspots and the Tropical Wilderness Areas – as well as on continental and global scales appropriate for conservation planning. CABS provided support and expertise for the editing, layout and design, maps, printing and dissemination of this document. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees IUCN The World Conservation Union Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees Compiled and edited by Rebecca Kormos, Christophe Boesch, Mohamed I. Bakarr and Thomas M. Butynski IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group IUCN – The World Conservation Union 2003 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK in collaboration with the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Copyright: © 2003 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Kormos, R., Boesch, C., Bakarr, M.I. and Butynski, T. (eds.). (2003). West African Chimpanzees. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ix + 219 pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0733-1 Cover photo: Pan troglodytes verus photographed by Tetsuro Matsuzawa Layout by: Fry Communications Produced by: Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International Printed by: Fry Communications Available from: IUCN Publications Services Unit 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1223 277894, Fax: +44 1223 277175 E-mail: [email protected] www.iucn.org/bookstore A catalogue of IUCN publications is also available. The text of this book is printed on Plainfield Opaque 70#. Contents Foreword Chapter 9: The Republic of Guinea JANE GOODALL ..............................vii REBECCA KORMOS, TATYANA HUMLE, DAVID BRUGIERE,` MARIE-CLAIRE FLEURY-BRUGIERE,` Acknowledgements ............................ viii TETSURO MATSUZAWA, YUKIMARU SUGIYAMA, Executive Summary JANIS CARTER, MAMADOU SALIOU DIALLO, REBECCA KORMOS ........................... ix CHRISTINE SAGNO AND ELHADJ OUSMANE TOUNKARA ................................63 Dedication .....................................x Chapter 10: Sierra Leone Introduction ROSALIND HANSON-ALP, MOHAMED I. BAKARR, REBECCA KORMOS ............................1 AIAH LEBBIE AND K.I. BANGURA ............77 Chapter 11: Liberia SECTION I: BIOLOGY OF WEST RICHARD A. NISBETT, ALEXANDER L. PEAL, AFRICAN CHIMPANZEES REGINALD A. HOYT AND JANIS CARTER ......89 Chapter 1: The Robust Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes: Chapter 12: Coˆte d’Ivoire Taxonomy, Distribution, Abundance and ILKA HERBINGER, CHRISTOPHE BOESCH AND Conservation Status ADAMA TONDOSSAMA......................99 THOMAS M. BUTYNSKI.........................5 Chapter 13: Ghana Chapter 2: Behavior and Ecology of Chimpanzees in LINDSAY MAGNUSON, MIKE ADU-NSIAH AND West Africa DAVID KPELLE ............................111 TATYANAHUMLE.............................13 Chapter 14: Togo Chapter 3: Genetic Perspectives on Pan troglodytes AARON BROWNELL..........................117 verus Chapter 15: Benin LINDA VIGILANT .............................21 AARON BROWNELL..........................119 Chapter 16: Burkina Faso SECTION II: STATUS SURVEYS AND AARON BROWNELL..........................121 RECOMMENDATIONS: COUNTRY Chapter 17: Nigeria REPORTS JOHN OATES, LIZA GADSBY, PETER JENKINS, KATHERINE GONDER, CAROLYN BOCIAN Chapter 4: Regional Summary AND ALADE ADELEKE .....................123 REBECCA KORMOS AND MOHAMED I. BAKARR ...................................27 Chapter 5: Senegal SECTION III: REGIONAL ASSESSMENT JANIS CARTER, SOULEYE NDIAYE, JILL PRUETZ OF THREATS AND ACTION AND WILLIAM C. MCGREW ..................31 RECOMMENDATIONS Chapter 6: Mali Chapter 18: Logging in West Africa: Impacts on CHRIS DUVALL, BOURAMA NIAGATE´ AND
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