Taxonomic Tapestries The Threads of Evolutionary, Behavioural and Conservation Research Taxonomic Tapestries The Threads of Evolutionary, Behavioural and Conservation Research Edited by Alison M Behie and Marc F Oxenham Chapters written in honour of Professor Colin P Groves Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Taxonomic tapestries : the threads of evolutionary, behavioural and conservation research / Alison M Behie and Marc F Oxenham, editors. ISBN: 9781925022360 (paperback) 9781925022377 (ebook) Subjects: Biology--Classification. Biology--Philosophy. Human ecology--Research. Coexistence of species--Research. Evolution (Biology)--Research. Taxonomists. Other Creators/Contributors: Behie, Alison M., editor. Oxenham, Marc F., editor. Dewey Number: 578.012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photograph courtesy of Hajarimanitra Rambeloarivony Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents List of Contributors . .vii List of Figures and Tables . ix PART I 1. The Groves effect: 50 years of influence on behaviour, evolution and conservation research . 3 Alison M Behie and Marc F Oxenham PART II 2 . Characterisation of the endemic Sulawesi Lenomys meyeri (Muridae, Murinae) and the description of a new species of Lenomys . 13 Guy G Musser 3 . Gibbons and hominoid ancestry . 51 Peter Andrews and Richard J Johnson 4 . Hurricanes and coastlines: The role of natural disasters in the speciation of howler monkeys . 75 Alison M Behie, Travis S Steffens, Tracy M Wyman, Mary SM Pavelka 5. Adolf Remane: Notes on his work on primates . 93 Prof Ulrich Welsch 6. Retouch intensity on Quina scrapers at Combe Grenal: A test of the reduction model . 103 Peter Hiscock and Chris Clarkson 7. What are species and why does it matter? Anopheline taxonomy and the transmission of malaria . 129 Robert Attenborough PART III 8. Lamarck on species and evolution . 155 Marc F Oxenham 9 . Naming the scale of nature . 171 Juliet Clutton-Brock 10. Changes in human tooth-size and shape with the Neolithic transition in Indo-Malaysia . 183 David Bulbeck 11. Variation in the Early and Middle Pleistocene: The phylogenetic relationships of Ceprano, Bodo, Daka, Kabwe and Buia . 215 Debbie Argue 12 . Human evolution in Sunda and Sahul and the continuing contributions of Professor Colin Groves . 249 Michael C Westaway, Arthur Durband and David Lambert PART IV 13 . The domestic and the wild in the Mongolian horse and the takhi . 279 Natasha Fijn 14. Rhino systematics in the times of Linnaeus, Cuvier, Gray and Groves . 299 Kees Rookmaaker 15 . Conservation consequences of unstable taxonomies: The case of the red colobus monkeys . 321 John Oates and Nelson Ting 16. The phylogenetic species concept and its role in Southeast Asian mammal conservation . 345 Erik Meijaard and Benjamin Rawson 17 . Conserving gorilla diversity . 361 Angela Meder 18. The warp and weft: Synthesising our taxonomic tapestry . 373 Marc F Oxenham and Alison M Behie Index . 381 List of Contributors Peter Andrews Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK SW7 5BD Debbie Argue School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601 Robert Attenborough School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601; Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology & Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3DZ Alison M Behie School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601 David Bulbeck Department of Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601 Chris Clarkson Department of Archaeology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD, Australia, 4072 Juliet Clutton-Brock Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK, SW7 5BD Arthur Durband Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Kansas State University, 204 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66502 Natasha Fijn School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601 Peter Hiscock Department of Archaeology, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry | Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2006 Richard J Johnson University of Colorado, Denver Aurora, USA, CO 80045 David Lambert Griffith School of Environment, Nathan campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road Nathan, QLD, Australia, 4111 Angela Meder Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe c/o Rolf Brunner Lerchenstr. 545473 Muelheim, Germany Erik Meijaard People and Nature Consulting International, Country Woods house no. 306, JL WR Supratman, Pondok-Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia vii Taxonomic Tapestries Guy G Musser Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 John Oates Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 Marc F Oxenham School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601 Mary SM Pavelka Department of Anthropology, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Benjamin Rawson Vietnam Programme, Fauna & Flora International, 340, Nghi Tam, Hanoi,Vietnam Kees Rookmaaker Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 Singapore 117543; Rhino Resource Centre Travis S Steffens Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2S2 Nelson Ting 308 Condon Hall, Department of Anthropology, 1218 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 Ulrich Welsch Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology Schillerstr. 4280336 München Germany Michael C Westaway Griffith School of Environment, Nathan campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia, 4111 Tracy M Wyman Department of Anthropology, The University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 viii List of Figures and Tables Figures Figure 2.1 An adult Bunomys chrysocomus skull illustrating limits 14 of cranial and dental measurements employed. Figure 2.2a Collection localities for modern and subfossil samples of 17 Lenomys meyeri. Figure 2.2b Collection localities for modern and subfossil samples of 18 Lenomys meyeri. Figure 2.3 Holotype of Mus meyeri. 21 Figure 2.4 Skull of the holotype of Mus meyeri. 21 Figure 2.5 Young adult female Lenomys meyeri from tropical lowland 25 evergreen rainforest near Tomado, 1000 m. Figure 2.6 Length of distal white tail segment relative to total 25 length of tail in the sample of Lenomys meyeri. Figure 2.7 Cranium and left dentary of Lenomys meyeri lampo, 26 an adult female collected at 2200 m on Gunung Lompobatang. Figure 2.8 Nomenclature of dental structures using right upper and 27 lower molars of Lenothrix canus. Figure 2.9 Occlusal views of right maxillary and mandibular molar 28 rows of Lenomys meyeri from Gunung Lompobatang. Figure 2.10 Specimen scores representing modern examples of 31 Lenomys meyeri projected on first and second principal components. Figure 2.11 Hillside primary forest along Sungai Sadaunta in area 32 near where Lenomys meyeri was caught. Figure 2.12 Ground cover over terrace where burrow of Lenomys 33 meyeri was located. Figure 2.13 Burrow system of Lenomys meyeri excavated on a stream 35 terrace adjacent to Sungai Sadaunta, 915 m. Figure 2.14 Dentaries from Lenomys obtained in the southwest 42 peninsula. ix Taxonomic Tapestries Figure 2.15 Occlusal views of subfossil mandibular molar rows from 43 two species of Lenomys. Figure 2.16 Scores representing specimens of modern and subfossil 44 Lenomys meyeri and subfossil L. grovesi projected on first and second principal components. Figure 4.1a Total number of storms that crossed through the ranges 82 of Alouatta pigra and Alouatta palliata from 1851 to 2007. Figure 4.1b Total number of hurricanes that crossed through the 83 ranges of Alouatta pigra and Alouatta palliata from 1851 to 2007. Figure 5.1 Photograph of Professor Remane. 94 Figure 6.1 Examples of specimens classified into each of the four 105 scraper classes. Figure 6.2 Diagrammatic representation of the staged reduction 105 model proposed by Dibble. Figure 6.3 Notional illustration of the relationship of blank cross- 109 section and extent of reduction for dorsally retouched Quina scrapers. Figure 6.4 Illustration of the measurements of reduction used 112 multiple values of Kuhn’s (1990) unifacial reduction index and a count of the number of zones. Figure 6.5 Relationship between Kuhn GIUR and the percentage 113 of original flake mass lost through retouching in the experimental dataset. Figure 6.6 Histogram of the Kuhn GIUR values for single scrapers 117 from Layer 21. Figure 6.7 Examples of different levels of reduction on scrapers. 117 Figure 6.8 Histogram showing differences in the distribution of 120 retouch on specimens