DOCSLIB.ORG

Trimates” January 6Th, 2021 but First… • What Is an Ape? • What Is a Primate? • What Is a Mammal? What Makes a Mammal?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trimates” January 6Th, 2021 but First… • What Is an Ape? • What Is a Primate? • What Is a Mammal? What Makes a Mammal? ANBI 133: Great Ape Ecology and Evolution The “Trimates” January 6th, 2021 But first… • What is an ape? • What is a primate? • What is a mammal? What makes a mammal? • Mammals • Mammary glands • Hair or fur • Three middle ear bones • Primate reproduction (and a lot of behavior) is constrained by mammalian anatomy • Female gestation and lactation • Female investment in offspring is obligatory • Male care varies What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Grasping hand with opposable big toe and/or thumb with nails instead of claws (on at least some digits) What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Decreased importance of smell/ Increased reliance on vision • Forward-facing eyes and binocular vision • Trichromatic vision in old world primates What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Large brains • Increased investment in offspring • Increased dependence on learning and behavioral flexibility What Makes a Primate? • No unique characteristic common to all primates to the exclusion of all other mammals • Suite of characteristics • Unspecialized dentition • Dietary flexibility • Mainly restricted to living in the tropics Primate Origins • 54-65 mya (Paleocene, North America) • Extinction of dinosaurs • Angiosperm and mammal adaptive radiation Primate Origins • Plesiadapiforms • Primate-like postcranials • Adapted for arboreal life • Grasping hands and feet • Nocturnal • Eyes of side of head • Developed olfactory system • Seed/insect eating • Claws instead of nails • No postorbital bar Primate Origins • Eocene (54-34 MYA) • Earth got warmer and wetter • True primates emerged • Spread throughout the old world first, then spread to the new world • Lived in tropical forests • Miocene (23-5 MYA) • Earth was cooling and getting drier • Many apes emerge around the beginning of the Miocene • Dwindle in number through the Miocene, this trend continues today Apes vs Monkeys Apes vs Monkeys • Compared to other primates, apes have: • Relatively large brains • Slow life history with increased investment in offspring • Different body shape • Unspecialized Y-5 molars • Tail-less • Broad flat ribcage • Scapulae placed dorsally on a wide and relatively shallow thorax • Results in different style of locomotion • More upright body • Suspensory, orthograde climbers (flexible shoulders) The “Trimates” • Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey, and Biruté Galdikas • Three women who shaped our understanding of the great apes, and the way we understand human behavior • Prior to their work, very little was known about non-human apes Jane Goodall • English primatologist and anthropologist • Studied chimpanzees at Gombe National Park in Tanzania since 1960 • Found that chimpanzees: • Use tools • Hunt and eat meat • Are more violent than previously believed • Kill group members and out-group individuals • Engage in cannibalism • Wage “war” • Named rather than numbered her subjects • Criticized for anthropomorphizing chimpanzees and for provisioning Dian Fossey • American primatologist and conservationist • Studied mountain gorillas from 1966-1985 • Made important discoveries about gorilla social life • Female transfer between groups • Hierarchies and social relationships • Infanticide • Worked to prevent poaching and pet trade of infants • Some of her methods were controversial Biruté Galdikas • Lithuanian-Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, and conservationist • Began studying orangutans in Borneo in 1971 • Increased our knowledge of orangutans, as well as Indonesian biodiversity in general • Revealed how mothers invest huge amount of time and energy in their offspring • Worked against poaching and pet trade • Rehabilitated orphaned orangutans • Faced controversy about her rehabilitation methods.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ASEBL Journal
    January 2019 Volume 14, Issue 1 ASEBL Journal Association for the Study of EDITOR (Ethical Behavior)•(Evolutionary Biology) in Literature St. Francis College, Brooklyn Heights, N.Y. Gregory F. Tague, Ph.D. ▬ ~ GUEST CO-EDITOR ISSUE ON GREAT APE PERSONHOOD Christine Webb, Ph.D. ~ (To Navigate to Articles, Click on Author’s Last Name) EDITORIAL BOARD — Divya Bhatnagar, Ph.D. FROM THE EDITORS, pg. 2 Kristy Biolsi, Ph.D. ACADEMIC ESSAY Alison Dell, Ph.D. † Shawn Thompson, “Supporting Ape Rights: Tom Dolack, Ph.D Finding the Right Fit Between Science and the Law.” pg. 3 Wendy Galgan, Ph.D. COMMENTS Joe Keener, Ph.D. † Gary L. Shapiro, pg. 25 † Nicolas Delon, pg. 26 Eric Luttrell, Ph.D. † Elise Huchard, pg. 30 † Zipporah Weisberg, pg. 33 Riza Öztürk, Ph.D. † Carlo Alvaro, pg. 36 Eric Platt, Ph.D. † Peter Woodford, pg. 38 † Dustin Hellberg, pg. 41 Anja Müller-Wood, Ph.D. † Jennifer Vonk, pg. 43 † Edwin J.C. van Leeuwen and Lysanne Snijders, pg. 46 SCIENCE CONSULTANT † Leif Cocks, pg. 48 Kathleen A. Nolan, Ph.D. † RESPONSE to Comments by Shawn Thompson, pg. 48 EDITORIAL INTERN Angelica Schell † Contributor Biographies, pg. 54 Although this is an open-access journal where papers and articles are freely disseminated across the internet for personal or academic use, the rights of individual authors as well as those of the journal and its editors are none- theless asserted: no part of the journal can be used for commercial purposes whatsoever without the express written consent of the editor. Cite as: ASEBL Journal ASEBL Journal Copyright©2019 E-ISSN: 1944-401X [email protected] www.asebl.blogspot.com Member, Council of Editors of Learned Journals ASEBL Journal – Volume 14 Issue 1, January 2019 From the Editors Shawn Thompson is the first to admit that he is not a scientist, and his essay does not pretend to be a scientific paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 1 Module A: Jane Goodall Biography
    Grade 4 Informative Writing Prompt District Common Writing Assessment Unit 1 Module A: Jane Goodall Biography Directions should be read aloud and clarified by the teacher. Directions Today, you are going to get ready to write a biography about Jane Goodall and how she made a difference in the world as a scientist. You are going to use what you have learned to write a biography which addresses the question: How did Jane Goodall make a difference in the world as a scientist? Day 1 Get ready to write. • Watch the video, Jane Goodall Mini Biography. (Link attached below) • Discuss how Jane Goodall made a difference in the world as a scientist. • Listen to and read the article: "Biographies for Kids: Jane Goodall". (Attached) You may want to take notes for your biography as you read. • Why was Jane Goodall an important scientist? Turn and talk to a partner about what you read in the text and heard in the video. Teacher notes: Take this time to use whatever note taking and partnering strategies you have been using in class. The video has a commercial at the start so please cue before viewing. Days 2-3 Write! • Watch the video, Jane Goodall Mini Biography. (Link attached below) • Listen to and read the article: "Biographies for Kids: Jane Goodall" (Attached) • When you have finished, write a biography detailing Jane Goodall’s life and how she made a difference in the world as a scientist. Remember, a good biography / informative essay: • Has an introduction • Clearly introduces the subject • Develops a main idea about the subject with facts and concrete details • Groups ideas in paragraphs • Uses precise language and vocabulary • Uses linking words to connect ideas • Has correct spelling, capitalization, and punctuation • Uses quotes to cite sources • Has an effective concluding statement Resources: Article: "Biographies for Kids Jane Goodall" (Attached) Video: Jane Goodall Mini Biography.
    [Show full text]
  • ALL APES GREAT and SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor: Russell H
    ALL APES GREAT AND SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor: Russell H. Tuttle, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois This peer-reviewed book series will meld the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process. The volumes in this series will exemplify the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primatolo- gists and physical anthropologists. Specific coverage includes: primate behavior in natural habitats and captive settings; primate ecology and conservation; functional morphology and developmental biology of primates; primate systematics; genetic and phenotypic differ- ences among living primates; and paleoprimatology. All Apes Great and Small Volume 1: African Apes Co-edited by Biruté M. F. Galdikas, Nancy Erickson Briggs, Lori K. Sheeran, Gary L. Shapiro, and Jane Goodall ALL APES GREAT AND SMALL VOLUME 1: AFRICAN APES Co-Edited by Biruté M. F. Galdikas President Orangutan Foundation International Los Angeles, California Nancy Erickson Briggs California State University at Long Beach Long Beach, California Lori K. Sheeran California State University at Fullerton Fullerton, California Gary L. Shapiro Vice-President Orangutan Foundation International Los Angeles, California and Jane Goodall President The Jane Goodall Institute KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBook ISBN: 0-306-4761-1 Print ISBN: 0-306-46757-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht,
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Volume 1.qxd 9/13/2005 3:29 PM Page xlvii GGGGG INTRODUCTION The Anthropological Quest hominid ancestors, as well as ideas about the emer- gence of social organizations and cultural adaptations. Anthropology is the study of humankind in terms of As a result of both research over scores of decades and scientific inquiry and logical presentation. It strives for the convergence of facts and concepts, anthropologists a comprehensive and coherent view of our own species now offer a clearer picture of humankind’s natural within dynamic nature, organic evolution, and socio- history and global dominance. cultural development. The discipline consists of five With the human being as its focus, the discipline major, interrelated areas: physical/biological anthro- of anthropology mediates between the natural and pology, archaeology, cultural/social anthropology, social sciences while incorporating the humanities. Its linguistics, and applied anthropology. The anthropo- acceptance and use of discoveries in biology, for logical quest aims for a better understanding of and example, the DNA molecule, and its attention to rele- proper appreciation for the evolutionary history, vant ideas in the history of philosophy, such as the sociocultural diversity, and biological unity of concepts presented in the writings of Marx and humankind. Anthropologists see the human being as Nietzsche, make anthropology a unique field of study a dynamic and complex product of both inherited and a rich source for the relevant application of facts, genetic information and learned social behavior within a cultural milieu; symbolic language as articu- late speech distinguishes our species from the great apes. Genes, fossils, artifacts, monuments, languages, and societies and their cultures are the subject matter of anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S10810
    S10810 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE December 20, 2010 advocate for the Peace Corps program food safety dangers occur and are oc- Senior citizens deserve to have hous- and for volunteerism in general. In curring. The use of indirect food addi- ing that will help them maintain their that regard, he and I have much in tives and processing aids have not been independence. It is my hope that with common. As a young man, I served a determined to be the source of food the passage of S. 118, many more Amer- full-time mission for the Church of borne illness outbreaks and I believe it icans have a place to call home during Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. I too is important that the FDA continue to their golden years. learned much about the benefits of focus its scarce resources on the key f selfless, volunteer service while serving elements that this legislation hopes to TRIBUTE TO DR. JANE GOODALL as a missionary and those 2 years were address in the Food Safety area. instrumental in my understanding of f Mr. UDALL of New Mexico. Mr. the world and instilled me with a de- President, in July I introduced S. Res. ELDERLY HOUSING sire to serve and help others. The Serve 581, a resolution honoring the edu- America Act was meant to embody Mr. KOHL. Mr. President, I rise cational and scientific significance of these ideals and provide similar oppor- today to praise the passage of S. 118, Dr. Jane Goodall on the 50th anniver- tunities for others. It could have very the section 202 Supportive Housing for sary of the beginning of her work in easily been a purely Democratic en- the Elderly Act.
    [Show full text]
  • An Eye to the Future Advances in Imaging Are Accelerating the Pace of Biological Discovery
    fall 2007 An Eye to the Future Advances in imaging are accelerating the pace of biological discovery. A new cellular imaging initiative at the University has researchers seeing small and thinking big. story on page 8 p r o f i l e s college News c l a s s N o t e s from the dean Where curiosity- and solution- driven science meet ome scientists are driven by a curiosity to under- As a curiosity-driven college, it’s CBS’ job to keep S stand how life works—from molecules to eco- adding to the foundation of knowledge that supports systems—and to add to the world’s collective body of translational and solution-driven science in other col- knowledge. Others are searching for a puzzle piece leges. As such, we are the stewards of the foundational that may yield a better way to treat cancer, produce disciplines in the biological sciences: biochemistry, food or create renewable forms of energy. molecular biology, genetics, cell biology and develop- ment, ecology, plant biology, etc. Both are essential, and there is plenty of overlap Robert Elde, Dean between the two. Curiosity-driven research often turns In order to keep fueling translational and solution- up a bit of information that has immediate applications driven research, we need to infuse foundational disci- in medicine, agriculture or engineering. By the same plines with new technologies and other opportunities token, solution-driven research can add to knowledge. as science evolves. And some scientists travel between these two worlds. Fall 07 Vol. 5 No. 3 Cellular imaging, the subject of our cover story, is one As a whole, College of Biological Sciences faculty of those opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspiring Spaces
    FALL 2011 Inspiring Spaces Explorations Grand Challenges and Inspiration: Lighting the Fire in the Next Generation 2011 Bradford Washburn Award In Gratitude Raytheon: Our Newest Premier Partner Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report 418496 Booklet.CS4.indd 3 11/22/11 5:49 AM FIELD NOTES contents Special Nights with Special Friends… Nothing gets the Museum’s community of friends and supporters energized like a special event, and we were fortunate to have more than a few fantastic evening events this fall. A Day in Pompeii (see IN BRIEF) gave us an opportunity to gather and experience the art and archaeological artifacts of the ancient world, and two of our annual award programs offered us a chance to celebrate those members of the Museum community who inspire us most. We presented the 47th Bradford Washburn Award to Jean-Michel Cousteau on September 7 (see pages 22 – 23 for story and photos). In addition to recognizing Cousteau’s commitment to ocean exploration and environmental protection, the Washburn Award dinner provides us the occasion every year to remember Brad Washburn, the visionary founding director of the Museum of Science. On November 3 we honored members of the Colby Society, donors whose cumulative giving to the Museum is in excess of $100,000 (page 39). At the Colby dinner we paid special tribute to Sophia and Bernie Gordon, whose remarkable philanthropy is felt in the Museum every day at the Gordon Current Science & Technology Center, which was established in 2006 with their lead gift. The Gordons were presented with the Colonel Francis T. Colby Award and their names will join our inaugural Colby honorees, trustee emeriti Joan Suit and Brit d’Arbeloff, on the plaque beside the elephant doors at the entrance to the Museum’s Colby Room (see pages 18 – 19 for story and photos).
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Goodall: a Timeline 3
    Discussion Guide Table of Contents The Life of Jane Goodall: A Timeline 3 Growing Up: Jane Goodall’s Mission Starts Early 5 Louis Leakey and the ‘Trimates’ 7 Getting Started at Gombe 9 The Gombe Community 10 A Family of Her Own 12 A Lifelong Mission 14 Women in the Biological Sciences Today 17 Jane Goodall, in Her Own Words 18 Additional Resources for Further Study 19 © 2017 NGC Network US, LLC and NGC Network International, LLC. All rights reserved. 2 Journeys in Film : JANE The Life of Jane Goodall: A Timeline April 3, 1934 Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall is born in London, England. 1952 Jane graduates from secondary school, attends secretarial school, and gets a job at Oxford University. 1957 At the invitation of a school friend, Jane sails to Kenya, meets Dr. Louis Leakey, and takes a job as his secretary. 1960 Jane begins her observations of the chimpanzees at what was then Gombe Stream Game Reserve, taking careful notes. Her mother is her companion from July to November. 1961 The chimpanzee Jane has named David Greybeard accepts her, leading to her acceptance by the other chimpanzees. 1962 Jane goes to Cambridge University to pursue a doctorate, despite not having any undergraduate college degree. After the first term, she returns to Africa to continue her study of the chimpanzees. She continues to travel back and forth between Cambridge and Gombe for several years. Baron Hugo van Lawick, a photographer for National Geographic, begins taking photos and films at Gombe. 1964 Jane and Hugo marry in England and return to Gombe.
    [Show full text]
  • West African Chimpanzees
    Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan West African Chimpanzees Compiled and edited by Rebecca Kormos, Christophe Boesch, Mohamed I. Bakarr and Thomas M. Butynski IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and West African Chimpanzees Action Plan The IUCN Species Survival Commission is committed to communicating important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC’s Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC’s Wildlife Trade Programme and Conser- vation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conser- vation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts, as well as promotion of conservation education, research, and international cooperation. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides significant annual operating support to the SSC.
    [Show full text]
  • Law in Sociobiological Perspective
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 5 Issue 2 Article 2 Spring 1977 Law in Sociobiological Perspective Dr. Margaret Gruter Stanford University, Program in Human Biology Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Dr. Margaret Gruter, Law in Sociobiological Perspective, 5 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 181 (1977) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol5/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAW IN SOCIOBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE DR. MARGARET GRUTER* I. INTRODUCTION This article is intended to acquaint legal scholars with recent findings in the biologically based behavioral sciences which may be relevant to an understanding of legal phenomena. The ideas expressed herein may stimulate further inquiries and research into the inter- action of law and behavior and may help bridge the gap between the natural sciences and the empirical studies of law. Legal research will keep pace more effectively with rapid changes in human society if the findings of the basic sciences are known and accepted by legal scholars. In view of the danger to the very continua- tion of the human species, due in part to the advancement in the natural sciences, legal research is of the utmost importance. Knowledge is neutral: what we do with it is crucial. Scientific research, with the help of law, could better our social order, but only if law builds on scientific research.
    [Show full text]
  • Eowilson CV 25 Aprili 2018
    Curriculum Vitae Edward Osborne Wilson BORN: Birmingham, Alabama, June 10, 1929; parents: Inez Linnette Freeman and Edward Osborne Wilson, Sr. (deceased). Married: Irene Kelley, 1955. One daughter: Catherine, born 1963. EDUCATION: Graduated Decatur Senior High School, Decatur, Alabama, 1946 B.S. (biol.), University of Alabama, 1949 M.S. (biol.), University of Alabama, 1950 Ph.D. (biol.), Harvard University, 1955 POSITIONS: Alabama Department of Conservation: Entomologist, 1949 National Science Board Taskforce on Biodiversity, 1987–89 Harvard University: Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows, 1953– Xerces Society: President, 1989–90 56; Assistant Professor of Biology, 1956–58; Associate The Nature Conservancy, Board of Directors, 1993–1998 Professor of Zoology, 1958–64; Professor of Zoology, 1964– American Academy for Liberal Education: Founding Director, 1976; Curator in Entomology, Museum of Comparative 1992–2004 Zoology, 1973–97; Honorary Curator in Entomology, New York Botanical Garden: Board of Directors, 1992–95; Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1997–; Frank B. Baird Jr. Honorary Manager of the Board of Directors, 1995– Professor of Science, 1976–1994; Mellon Professor of the American Museum of Natural History: Board of Directors, Sciences, 1990–1993; Pellegrino University Professor, 1994– 1993–2002; Lifetime Honorary Trustee, 2002– June 1997; Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus, July Conservation International, Board of Directors, 1997– 1997–December 1997; Pellegrino University Research Scientific Committee of the Ministry of the
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Dian Fossey: Primatology, Celebrity, Mythography
    Kunapipi Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 16 2012 Remembering Dian Fossey: Primatology, Celebrity, Mythography Graham Huggan Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Huggan, Graham, Remembering Dian Fossey: Primatology, Celebrity, Mythography, Kunapipi, 34(2), 2012. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol34/iss2/16 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Remembering Dian Fossey: Primatology, Celebrity, Mythography Abstract It is generally accepted today that the turbulent life of the American primatologist Dian Fossey developed over time into the stuff of legend; so much so that its singularly nasty end — she was murdered in 1985 in circumstances that are still far from certain — is seen by some as ‘something she might well have made up for herself’ (Torgovnick 91). Fossey’s celebrity (or, perhaps better, her notoriety) is attributable to several different factors, not least the 1988 Hollywood film (Gorillas in the Mist) celebrating her exploits. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol34/iss2/16 136 GRAHAM HUGGAN Remembering Dian Fossey: primatology, Celebrity, Mythography It is generally accepted today that the turbulent life of the American primatologist Dian Fossey developed over time into the stuff of legend; so much so that its singularly nasty end — she was murdered in 1985 in circumstances that are still far from certain — is seen by some as ‘something she might well have made up for herself’ (Torgovnick 91).
    [Show full text]