NIHAA Summer 1993

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NIHAA Summer 1993 The Newsletter of the NIH Alumni Association Summer 1993 Vol. 5, No . 2 date Nobel Laureate Harold Varmus Nominated as 14th NIH Director Ruth Kirschstein Named Acting Director President Clinton on A ug. 3 announced his intention to nominate Dr. Harold Eliot Varmus as the 14th director of th e National Institutes of Health. A Senate confirmation process must precede Yarmus· taking over leadership of the institutes. Winner of the Nobel Prize in 1989 for his work in cancer research. Va1111us. 53. is a professor of microbi­ ology. biochemistry. and biophysics. and the American Cancer Society pro­ fessor vfmoh:cu/ur >1iro/O£)' iJI l/Je Uni versity of California, San Francisco. He is a leader in the stu dy of cancer­ causing genes called "oncogenes," and an intemationall-y fecogni:z.ed authof\t-y Dr. Ruth l. Kirschsteln , acting NIH director on retroviruses. the viruses that cause Dr. Harold E. Varmus , direclor-designale AIDS and many cancers in animnl.. FIC 25 Years Old In '93 Thirty-eight-year NIH veteran Dr. Research Festival '93 Schedule Ruth Kirschstein. director of NIGM S Scholars-in-Residence (See Director p. 6) NIHAA Members Invited Program Celebrates To Alumni Symposium In This Issue Tile fas\ morning ofNCH Rc:-.c;\rch Nursing cell/er /J1·1·111111•s Festival '93-Monday. Sept. 20-has This year. the Fogarty Intern ational 17th i11s1it11tc• 111 NII/ p. ? been designated National lnsritute of Center (FIC) is 25 years old . T he cen­ Greeri11gs from 1/,11 1w11• NII /AA prl'sidt'lll. Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Tltolll(IS .I. K 1•1111edy. .Ir. fl. 3 ter was created by Executive Order in Diseases Alumni Day. This event is Cale11dar fl· .J 1968 as a memorial to the late Rep. being celebrated with a symposium Ne11•s fro111a11d11/m111 NIIlt\A mc•m/Jers John E. Fogarty who. during his long entitled ..Contribution of Basic Science mul/ oreip,11 chafltt•rs fl· 9 career as a congressman from Rhode to Biomedical Research.. sponsored by Sde11cl' research updm<·s i11 Island. became a powerful advocate of //1111w11 g1·111•1i1·.w11tli1•s fl.l.J N IH and NIDOK in honor of Dr. internat ional collaboration in health /low i111em111i<11w/ i.v Niii? p.18 Elizabeth F. Neufe ld, recipient of the research. In his later years in Congress, I frrhert G111frc1111d re111i11i,,·ces 1993 Distinguished A lumni A wmd. he became deeply interes ted in imern a­ aho111 his years as PICsd1nlar 11.19 Neufeld was chosen for her outstand­ tional health and was often a member A loo~ at Sw11e lloutc p.10 ing contributions toward the under­ of the U.S. delegation to the World AIDS co11fen•111·e to /I(' ht'itl m NII/ 11.21 standing and diagnosis of a group of Health Assembly where he advocated 81·rnadi111• l-lealy·s prrfiw1· 111 hereditary diseases known as mucopoly­ ··111\'es11111•111for l/111111111i1y" p.22 collaborative research at the intern a­ saccharide storage disorders. including Niii Not1'.t 11.2.> tional level. Hurler's and Hunter" s syndromes. Niii Re1ms/1<'ctin'.1 11.30 W hen the FlC was founded th e These often fata l disorders are charac­ Cli11irnl Cemer .Jll//1 a1111i1·1•rs11ry Scholars-in-Residence Program was c1•/l'im11itJ11 higlilightl'll 11.31 terized by an excessively high accumu­ crcaiccl to bring biomedical scientists lation ofmucopolysaccharide. within (see Scholars p . I 7) (See Symposium p. 7) N I H A A UPDATE Nursing Center Becomes 17th Institute at NIH Thank you to our friends Whai"s in a name? If the staff of the The NIH AA wannly welcomes the fol ­ new National lnstitute of Nursing lowing organizations that joined in the cate­ Research were asked this question, the gory of..Friends .. and wishes to acknowl­ edge its apprec iation for their generous answer would surely be "a lot more support: than one would think." Formerly the A111erica11 Association ofRetired National Center for Nursing Research, Persons the newly created institute, its staft, U11iwrsity ofAlabama School of friends. colleagues and the nursing Medicine at Birmingha111 Amerirnn Cvc111a111id community are looking forward to cele­ Boehringer ingelheim brating the new status. Boehri11ger Mannheim "People ask me why institute status NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF N URSING RESEARC H Unfrersity ofSouthern California is so important.'' said Dr. Ada Sue The National Institute of Nursing Research School ofMedici11e Florida Clinical Practice Association. Hinshaw. NINR director. ;'I tell them logo. The NR stands for nursin gresearch , Inc. that it is a matter of perception, which and the fl ame symbolizesknowledge. Hmw rrd Unfrersity Sc/roof ofDe111al includes a sense of stabi lity, stature and Medicine something I am proud ro support.·· importance for nursing research within Unfrersiry ofIowa College of The institute·s pw·pose is to provide a Medicine the health research community." strong scientific base for nursing prac­ R. W . .lolrnson Phar111ace111ical The change from center to institute Research lnsti1111e tice, answering such questions as: how began on the evening ofJune I 0, when Marion Merrell Dow Research lnsriwte can nurses help mothers-to-be prevent President Clinton signed the NJ 1-1 Revi­ Mehar1:,· Medical College low birth weight babies? How can the Miles. /11 c. talization Act of 1993, thus creating the extent of a child's pain be dete1mined Unfrersity ofMinnesota Program in N INR. a mo ng other things. HHS Critinil Cun: S11rge1y so that the right help can be given? Secretary Donna Shalala then signed U11i1-ersity ofNorth Carolina Sc/root of What can nurses do to help women deal the corresponding Federal Register Medicine w ith the typical symptoms of meno­ Parke-Dal'is Plwrmacewical Research notice on June 14, which formally added pau se? How can older people live Pe1111 Sime Unirersity College of the seventeenth insti tute to NlH. In her Medicine & Unirersi1y Hospiwl independent lives as long as possible? press release announcing the NlNR. Mediwl College ofPen11syfl'(l11ia Jn addition to ameliorating illness, Smi//1Kli11e Beeclram Secretary Shalala said, " I nm particular­ nurse scientists study health promotion Unil'ersity ofTe111ressee College of ly pleased that nursing research has and disease prevention. including how De111isrrv received this recognition. Nursing Wye//1-Ayerst to moti vate people to adopt healthy research makes a vital contribution to lifestyles. lnnova tive approaches are We also would like IO thank Glaxo Inc .. improving th e nation's health. Strength­ Sandoz Research lnstiLUte and 1he Upjohn also developed and tested to improve ening th at research role is certain ly Company for bearing the considerable the delivery of health care through high expense of underwriting NIH AA Upd(J[l'. quality nursing services. N ursing The Foundation for Advanced Education research is strongly collaborative. in the Sciences (FAES) has generously and continually supported NTHAA. Nurse scientists work closely with We would also like to express our deep many health disciplines to find answers appreciation 10 1he following contributors to to health problems. Nll-IAA -sponsored events in 1992: According to Hinshaw . ..What has Clrarles Rfrer Laboratories been especially gratifying is the sup­ Nmirmal For111dc11io11 for Infectious Diseases port. encouragement and assistance of Peptide Technology Limited our NIH colleagues dating from the Ta/.:aro S/r11:0 Co.. Ltd. time we first arrived on campus in Wamer-La111ber1/Parke·D(/\·is 1986. We lpok forward ro continuing Plwr111ace11tical Researclr. OLLI' good relationships and productive Credit collaborations as we all work towards NIHAA Updme is supporred by gr<1111sfro111 furthering re search in the interest of Ghr.ro Inc.. Sando: Research l11sti1111c and Dr. Ada Sue Hinshaw good health.,. tire Upjolrn Comptmy. 2 SUMMER 1 9 9 3 Greetings from the New NIHAA President, Thomas J. Kennedy, Jr. The NIHAA Updme is the 11ell'sleuer ofthe NIH Alumni A.1·sotiatio11. The NIHAA office The high light~ r perhaps more is a1 9!01 Old Ce(Jr gc1ow11 Rd .. Bct!tesdo. accurately. the l ow li ght~f the past MD 20814. (301) 530-0567. year was the calamity th at befell Joe Editor's Note Held. president of NlHAA. Out of the The NIHAJ\ Updme ll'elcomes leuers and blue last October he had a serious intra­ news from readers. \Ve wish not only to cranial hemorrhage from an aneurysm: bring alumni news about NI/-/ , bw also to sen 1e as a means f or reporting information was suspended precariously between about al11 11111i- their co 11cems. information life and death for a seemingly endless 011 recent appointments. honors. books pub­ period, and then hung for an agonizing­ lished and other de1·elopmews ofiwerest to their col/eag1ll!s. If you lull'e 11ell'S about ly extended interval in a state in which 1•011rse/f or a/Joi// otlter al1111111i, or com­ th e completeness of recovery was in i11ems "" and s11ggestio 11 .~fo r the NIHAA deep doubt. But I guess it was a high­ Update. plettse drop a note to the ediwr. We reserl'e the right to edit materials. light after all because. all of a sudden. Editor: Harriet R. Greenwald everything changed for th e beuer and Joe is now his old self-energetic, full NIHAA Newsletter Etlitorial i\dvisory Committee or bright ideas, and working hard to Robert G. Martin. Clwirman Dr. Th omas J. Kennedy, Jr. Linda J. Brown Michael M. Goffe.mum inspire us all onward and upward. Jerome G. Green Harriet R. Greenll'ald Again. personal experience brings tion of imramural research at 11-1 . Victoria A. /larden Col/ee11 He11ric/1se11 home th e realization th at modern medi­ f/ m·ve}' Klein Almer Louis Nmkins John Sherman presented the NI HAA Lois A°.Sal:111a11 Philip£.
Recommended publications
  • Advertising (PDF)
    Neuroscience 2013 SEE YOU IN San Diego November 9 – 13, 2013 Join the Society for Neuroscience Are you an SfN member? Join now and save on annual meeting registration. You’ll also enjoy these member-only benefits: • Abstract submission — only SfN members can submit abstracts for the annual meeting • Lower registration rates and more housing choices for the annual meeting • The Journal of Neuroscience — access The Journal online and receive a discounted subscription on the print version • Free essential color charges for The Journal of Neuroscience manuscripts, when first and last authors are members • Free online access to the European Journal of Neuroscience • Premium services on NeuroJobs, SfN’s online career resource • Member newsletters, including Neuroscience Quarterly and Nexus If you are not a member or let your membership lapse, there’s never been a better time to join or renew. Visit www.sfn.org/joinnow and start receiving your member benefits today. www.sfn.org/joinnow membership_full_page_ad.indd 1 1/25/10 2:27:58 PM The #1 Cited Journal in Neuroscience* Read The Journal of Neuroscience every week to keep up on what’s happening in the field. s4HENUMBERONECITEDJOURNAL INNEUROSCIENCE s4HEMOSTNEUROSCIENCEARTICLES PUBLISHEDEACHYEARNEARLY in 2011 s )MPACTFACTOR s 0UBLISHEDTIMESAYEAR ,EARNMOREABOUTMEMBERAND INSTITUTIONALSUBSCRIPTIONSAT *.EUROSCIORGSUBSCRIPTIONS *ISI Journal Citation Reports, 2011 The Journal of Neuroscience 4HE/FlCIAL*OURNALOFTHE3OCIETYFOR.EUROSCIENCE THE HISTORY OF NEUROSCIENCE IN AUTOBIOGRAPHY THE LIVES AND DISCOVERIES OF EMINENT SENIOR NEUROSCIENTISTS CAPTURED IN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL BOOKS AND VIDEOS The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography Series Edited by Larry R. Squire Outstanding neuroscientists tell the stories of their scientific work in this fascinating series of autobiographical essays.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
    COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY VOLUME XL COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA 0 N Q UA NTITA T1VE BIOLO G Y Founded in 1933 by REGINALD G. HARRIS Director of the Biological Laboratory 1924 to 1936 Volume I (1933).Surface Phenomena Volume II (1934) Aspects of Growth Volume III (1935) Photochemical Reactions Volume IV (1936) Excitation Phenomena Volume V (1937) Internal Secretions Volume VI (1938) Protein Chemistry Volume VII (1939) Biological Oxidations Volume VIII (1940) Permeability and the Nature of Cell Membranes Volume IX (1941) Genes and Chromosomes: Structure and Organization Volume X (1942) The Relation of Hormones to Development Volume XI (1946) Heredity and Variation in Microorganisms Volume XII (1947) Nucleic Acids and Nucleoproteins Volume XIII (1948) Biological Applications of Tracer Elements Volume XIV (1949) Amino Acids and Proteins Volume XV (1950) Origin and Evolution of Man Volume XVI (1951) Genes and Mutations Volume XVII (1952) The Neuron Volume XVIII (1953) Viruses Volume XIX (1954) The Mammalian Fetus: Physiological Aspects of Development Volume XX (1955) Population Genetics: The Nature and Causes of Genetic Variability in Population Volume XXI (1956) Genetic Mechanisms: Structure and Function Volume XXII (1957) Population Studies: Animal Ecology and Demography Volume XXIII (1958) Exchange of Genetic Material: Mechanism and Consequences Volume XXIV (1959) Genetics and Twentieth Century Darwinism Volume XXV (1960) Biological Clocks Volume XXVI (1961) Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms Volume XXVII (1962) Basic
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Annual Report
    2008 Annual Report NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING ENGINEERING THE FUTURE 1 Letter from the President 3 In Service to the Nation 3 Mission Statement 4 Program Reports 4 Engineering Education 4 Center for the Advancement of Scholarship on Engineering Education 6 Technological Literacy 6 Public Understanding of Engineering Developing Effective Messages Media Relations Public Relations Grand Challenges for Engineering 8 Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society 9 Diversity in the Engineering Workforce Engineer Girl! Website Engineer Your Life Project Engineering Equity Extension Service 10 Frontiers of Engineering Armstrong Endowment for Young Engineers-Gilbreth Lectures 12 Engineering and Health Care 14 Technology and Peace Building 14 Technology for a Quieter America 15 America’s Energy Future 16 Terrorism and the Electric Power-Delivery System 16 U.S.-China Cooperation on Electricity from Renewables 17 U.S.-China Symposium on Science and Technology Strategic Policy 17 Offshoring of Engineering 18 Gathering Storm Still Frames the Policy Debate 20 2008 NAE Awards Recipients 22 2008 New Members and Foreign Associates 24 2008 NAE Anniversary Members 28 2008 Private Contributions 28 Einstein Society 28 Heritage Society 29 Golden Bridge Society 29 Catalyst Society 30 Rosette Society 30 Challenge Society 30 Charter Society 31 Other Individual Donors 34 The Presidents’ Circle 34 Corporations, Foundations, and Other Organizations 35 National Academy of Engineering Fund Financial Report 37 Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants 41 Notes to Financial Statements 53 Officers 53 Councillors 54 Staff 54 NAE Publications Letter from the President Engineering is critical to meeting the fundamental challenges facing the U.S. economy in the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • We Wish to Share That with You By
    T HE DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING The UCSD Bioengineering Program was initiated in 1966 by Drs. Y.C. Fung, Marcos Intaglietta, and Benjamin Zweifach within the Department of Aeronautical Mechanics and Engineering Science. In August 1994 the UC Office of the President approved our request to form a Department of Bioengineering, the first in the UC System. It is wonderful that our Department is celebrating the tenth anniversary of its establishment. While an age of 10 years is young, we had a gestation period of 28 years, which are covered in this book together with the last 10 years. At this momentous occasion, I wish to express my sincere thanks to all my colleagues: faculty, research scientists, staff and students, for their wonderful work as a team in making the Department such a marvelous place to be, both scientifically and interpersonally. On behalf of the Department, I also wish to take this opportunity to thank the generous support and strong encouragement by our friends everywhere in the country and our administration at UCSD and the UC system. Our friends and colleagues are extremely precious, much more than the diamond on the cover of this book*, which is a symbol that represents the tenth anniversary. Sincerely, Shu Chien Chair, Department of Bioengineering NNIVERSARY A * The preparations for this book and the celebration on August 14, 2004, have been made TH possible by the outstanding work by the following members of UCSD central administration, Jacobs School External Relations Office, and Department of Bioengineering (listed alphabetically): 10 Kelly Briggs, Suzie Dandos, Chandra Ewell. Jennifer Griffin, Denine Hagen, Irene Jacobo, Paul Laperruque, Beth Maples, Carolyn Post-Ladd, Jeff Sanchez, and Loretta Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction and Historical Perspective
    Chapter 1 Introduction and Historical Perspective “ Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. ” modified by the developmental history of the organism, Theodosius Dobzhansky its physiology – from cellular to systems levels – and by the social and physical environment. Finally, behaviors are shaped through evolutionary forces of natural selection OVERVIEW that optimize survival and reproduction ( Figure 1.1 ). Truly, the study of behavior provides us with a window through Behavioral genetics aims to understand the genetic which we can view much of biology. mechanisms that enable the nervous system to direct Understanding behaviors requires a multidisciplinary appropriate interactions between organisms and their perspective, with regulation of gene expression at its core. social and physical environments. Early scientific The emerging field of behavioral genetics is still taking explorations of animal behavior defined the fields shape and its boundaries are still being defined. Behavioral of experimental psychology and classical ethology. genetics has evolved through the merger of experimental Behavioral genetics has emerged as an interdisciplin- psychology and classical ethology with evolutionary biol- ary science at the interface of experimental psychology, ogy and genetics, and also incorporates aspects of neuro- classical ethology, genetics, and neuroscience. This science ( Figure 1.2 ). To gain a perspective on the current chapter provides a brief overview of the emergence of definition of this field, it is helpful
    [Show full text]
  • 2004 Albert Lasker Nomination Form
    albert and mary lasker foundation 110 East 42nd Street Suite 1300 New York, ny 10017 November 3, 2003 tel 212 286-0222 fax 212 286-0924 Greetings: www.laskerfoundation.org james w. fordyce On behalf of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, I invite you to submit a nomination Chairman neen hunt, ed.d. for the 2004 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards. President mrs. anne b. fordyce The Awards will be offered in three categories: Basic Medical Research, Clinical Medical Vice President Research, and Special Achievement in Medical Science. This is the 59th year of these christopher w. brody Treasurer awards. Since the program was first established in 1944, 68 Lasker Laureates have later w. michael brown Secretary won Nobel Prizes. Additional information on previous Lasker Laureates can be found jordan u. gutterman, m.d. online at our web site http://www.laskerfoundation.org. Representative Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards Program Nominations that have been made in previous years may be updated and resubmitted in purnell w. choppin, m.d. accordance with the instructions on page 2 of this nomination booklet. daniel e. koshland, jr., ph.d. mrs. william mccormick blair, jr. the honorable mark o. hatfied Nominations should be received by the Foundation no later than February 2, 2004. Directors Emeritus A distinguished panel of jurors will select the scientists to be honored. The 2004 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards will be presented at a luncheon ceremony given by the Foundation in New York City on Friday, October 1, 2004. Sincerely, Joseph L. Goldstein, M.D. Chairman, Awards Jury Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards ALBERT LASKER MEDICAL2004 RESEARCH AWARDS PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE AWARDS The major purpose of these Awards is to recognize and honor individuals who have made signifi- cant contributions in basic or clinical research in diseases that are the main cause of death and disability.
    [Show full text]
  • Our University Innovation Is Central to Who We Are and What We Do at the University of California, San Diego
    Our University Innovation is central to who we are and what we do at the University of California, San Diego. Here, students learn that knowledge isn’t just acquired in the classroom—life is their laboratory. UC San Diego is an academic powerhouse and economic engine, recognized as one of the top 10 public universities by U.S. News & World Report and ranked number one in the nation for public service by the Washington Monthly. Our location is unparalleled, our impact unmistakable. UC San Diego shapes minds, changes lives, launches industries and builds the future … one student, one discovery and one achievement at a time. Points of Distinction Scripps Institution of Oceanography climate scientist Charles David Keeling was the first to confirm the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. His precise measurements, which he began calculating in 1958, produced a data set now known widely as the “Keeling Curve,” a benchmark of global warming studies. The Jacobs School of Engineering is home to the world’s first full-scale outdoor shake table, designed to create realistic simulations of the most devastating earthquakes on record to advance seismic safety. UC San Diego is unique among other UC campuses—our university offers undergraduates the “small college” concept patterned after those at Cambridge and Oxford. Each of the six undergraduate colleges has its own residence halls, student services, traditions and even graduation ceremonies. While the undergraduates remain part of one university, they also develop a sense of identity within the smaller family of their chosen college. In 1986 UC San Diego established the first Cognitive Science Department in the world, which has become one of the leading centers of this field.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Lives
    Brooklyn College Foundation Annual Report 2007–2008 Transforming Lives The First Step The doors to Brooklyn College are the doors to opportunity. Compared with other institutions of higher education, a great many of our students shoulder substantial responsibilities, and many are the first in their family to attend college. Diverse in background, interests, and ambition, they share the certainty that higher education is the way to a productive and rewarding future. For many, that future will be secured with the help of the Brooklyn College Foundation Dear Friends of Brooklyn College For students—past and present—Brooklyn College stands as a gateway to a rewarding life. They come because they want to become effective leaders in their chosen profession and engaged citizens of the world. They come because they have heard of our commitment to academic quality and to helping them reach their goals. This commitment is at the heart of who we are and what we do. We have held firm to this principle throughout my presidency and, as I leave Brooklyn College this summer, I am especially proud of what we have done together to give it life and to sustain it. Last fall, we admitted a freshman class larger and better than the year before and we were joined by forty new faculty members, bringing the number of scholars and artists we have recruited over the last nine years to 273, more than half the teaching faculty and more than we appointed in the previous three decades. We also welcomed a new Provost, Dr. William A. Tramontano, who brings proven leadership in initiating and implementing new academic programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Advertising (PDF)
    Edited by John Cairns, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Gunther S. Stent, University of California, Berkeley; James D. Watson, Harvard University his landmark collection of essays, written by pioneers in the field of molecular biology, was first published T in 1966 as a 60th birthday tribute to Max Delbrück, a formative influence on many of today’s leading sci- entists. The book served as a valuable historical record as well as a remarkable portrait of a small, pioneering, close- knit scientific community that focused intensely on the most important questions in biology. This centennial edi- tion reflects a more personal side of Delbrück, and includes a series of photographs from his family’s albums. “Delbrück had been a kind of Gandhi of biology...It was his extraordinary personality that made him the spiritu- al force which affected the scientific and personal lives of so many people.” —Gunther S. Stent 2007, 394 pp., illus., timeline, photo gallery Hardcover $29 ISBN 978-087969800-3 CONTENTS Note from the Publisher The Injection of DNA into Cells Bacterial Conjugation Quantitatitve Tumor Virology Preface to the First Edition by Phage Elie L. Wollman H. Rubin John Cairns, Gunther S. Stent, James A.D. Hershey Story and Structure of the The Natural Selection Theory D. Watson Transfer of Parental Material to λ Transducing Phage of Antibody Formation; Ten Preface to the Expanded Edition Progeny J. Weigle Years Later John Cairns Lloyd M. Kozloff V. DNA Niels K. Jerne Electron Microscopy of Developing Growing Up in the Phage Group Cybernetics of the Insect I. ORIGINS OF MOLECULAR Optomotor Response BIOLOGY Bacteriophage J.D.
    [Show full text]
  • From Controlling Elements to Transposons: Barbara Mcclintock and the Nobel Prize Nathaniel C
    454 Forum TRENDS in Biochemical Sciences Vol.26 No.7 July 2001 Historical Perspective From controlling elements to transposons: Barbara McClintock and the Nobel Prize Nathaniel C. Comfort Why did it take so long for Barbara correspondence. From these and other to prevent her controlling elements from McClintock (Fig. 1) to win the Nobel Prize? materials, we can reconstruct the events moving because their effects were difficult In the mid-1940s, McClintock discovered leading up to the 1983 prize*. to study when they jumped around. She genetic transposition in maize. She What today are known as transposable never had any inclination to pursue the published her results over several years elements, McClintock called ‘controlling biochemistry of transposition. and, in 1951, gave a famous presentation elements’. During the years 1945–1946, at Current understanding of how gene at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium, the Carnegie Dept of Genetics, Cold activity is regulated, of course, springs yet it took until 1983 for her to win a Nobel Spring Harbor, McClintock discovered a from the operon, François Jacob and Prize. The delay is widely attributed to a pair of genetic loci in maize that seemed to Jacques Monod’s 1960 model of a block of combination of gender bias and gendered trigger spontaneous and reversible structural genes under the control of an science. McClintock’s results were not mutations in what had been ordinary, adjacent set of regulatory genes (Fig. 2). accepted, the story goes, because women stable alleles. In the term of the day, they Though subsequent studies revealed in science are marginalized, because the made stable alleles into ‘mutable’ ones.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridge Linking Engineering and Society
    Winter 2019 FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING The BRIDGE LINKING ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY Computational Materials for the Design and Qualification of Additively Manufactured Components Christapher G. Lang Robots That Walk: What the Challenge of Locomotion Says About Next-Generation Manufacturing Christian Hubicki The Digital Twin Concept Pamela A. Kobryn Genome Editing with Precision and Accuracy Krishanu Saha Using CRISPR to Combat Human Disease Vectors Omar S. Akbari Microbes and Manufacturing: Moore’s Law Meets Biology Patrick Boyle Empowering Genome Editing Through Standards Samantha Maragh Why Everyone Has It Wrong about the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles John Basl and Jeff Behrends Influencing Interactions between Human Drivers and Autonomous Vehicles Dorsa Sadigh Cryptocurrencies as Marketplaces Jacob Leshno Higher Education in Engineering: Hands-on Experience and Teaching Factory Jyotirmoy Mazumder The mission of the National Academy of Engineering is to advance the well-being of the nation by promoting a vibrant engineering profession and by marshalling the expertise and insights of eminent engineers to provide independent advice to the federal government on matters involving engineering and technology. The BRIDGE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Gordon R. England, Chair John L. Anderson, President Corale L. Brierley, Vice President Julia M. Phillips, Home Secretary James M. Tien, Foreign Secretary Martin B. Sherwin, Treasurer Editor in Chief: Ronald M. Latanision Managing Editor: Cameron H. Fletcher Production Associate: Penelope Gibbs The Bridge (ISSN 0737-6278) is published quarterly by the National Acad emy of Engineering, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC. Vol. 49, No. 4, Winter 2019 Postmaster: Send address changes to The Bridge, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418.
    [Show full text]
  • Conditioned Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster (Learnin/Memory/Odor Discrimination/Color Vision)
    Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 71, No. 3, pp. 708-712, March 1974 Conditioned Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster (learnin/memory/odor discrimination/color vision) WILLIAM G. QUINN, WILLIAM A. HARRIS, AND SEYMOUR BENZER Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. 91109 Contributed by Seymour Benzer, October 25, 1973 ABSTRACT Populations of Drosophila were trained by larvae to odor altered their behavior as adults (8). This was alternately exposing them to two odorants, one coupled interpreted as associative learning (9), but has since been with electric shock. On testing, the flies avoided the shock- a~sociated odor. Pseudoconditioning, excitatory states, shown to result from habituation (10). odor preference, sensitization, habituation, and sub- Nelson (11) has published a convincing report of classical jective bias have been eliminated as explanations. The conditioning in the blowfly Phormia regina, training and selective avoidance can be extinguished by retraining. All testing individual flies with taste cues. In the present study flies in the population have equal probability of expressing learning unequivocally in this behavior. Memory persists for 24 hr. Another paradigm we have sought to demonstrate has been developed in which flies learn to discriminate Drosophila and to devise a paradigm suitable for mutant between light sources of different color. isolation, in which flies can be trained and tested en masse. All our experiments are variants of one experimental design. Because the hereditary mechanics of Drosophila melanogaster During training, flies are exposed to two different stimuli- are understood in detail, the behavioral repertoire of this either two odorants or two colors of light-one of which is organism and the neural system that specifies it are amenable associated with a negative reinforcement, such as electric to genetic analysis.
    [Show full text]