T contributions aregratefully acknowledged. Laperruque, BethMaples,CarolynPost-Ladd, JeffSanchez,andLoretta Smith.Theirmarvelous Kelly Jennifer Briggs,SuzieDandos,Chandra Griffin, Ewell. DenineHagen,Irene Jacobo, Paul Jacobs SchoolExternalRelations Office, possible bytheoutstandingworkfollowing membersofUCSDcentral administration, * Thepreparations for thisbookandthecelebration onAugust 14,2004, have beenmade Chair, Department ofBioengineering Shu Chien Sincerely, anniversary. diamond onthecover ofthis book*,whichisasymbolthatrepresents thetenth system. Ourfriendsandcolleaguesareextremelyprecious, muchmore thanthe friends everywhere inthecountryandouradministration atUCSDandtheUC this opportunity encouragement tothankthegeneroussupportandstrong byour andinterpersonally.scientifically OnbehalfoftheDepartment,Ialsowishtotake work asateaminmakingtheDepartmentsuchmarvelous placetobe,both faculty,my colleagues: research scientists,staff andstudents,for theirwonderful 10 years. Atthismomentous occasion, Iwishtoexpressmysincere thankstoall gestation periodof28years,whicharecovered inthisbooktogetherwith thelast anniversary ofitsestablishment.Whileanage10years isyoung,wehada in theUCSystem. Itiswonderful thatourDepartmentiscelebrating thetenth President approved thefirst our requesttoform aDepartmentofBioengineering, Mechanics andEngineeringScience.In August1994theUCOffice ofthe ZweifachIntaglietta, andBenjamin withintheDepartmentofAeronautical The UCSDBioengineeringProgram was initiated in1966byDrs.Y.C. Fung,Marcos HE D EPARTMENT

OF B IOENGINEERING and DepartmentofBioengineering(listedalphabetically): 1 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY T RIBUTES

PREFACE 5 David Miller Robert W. Conn Frieder Seible

INTRODUCTION 8 Y. C. Fung Shu Chien

FACULTY 17 Marcos Intaglietta, Amy G. Tsai, and Pedro Cabrales David Gough Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein Andrew D. McCulloch and Irene Hom Jacobo L. Amy Sung Jeffrey Omens Robert Sah Bernhard Palsson Sangeeta Bhatia Gary A. Huber Wayne Giles Gabriel A. Silva

FELLOWS AND RESEARCHERS 45 Peter C.Y. Chen Roland Kaunas Carlos J. Vera Yingxiao Wang Melissa Kurtis Micou Reza Mazhari Karen D. May-Newman Gang Jin Mohammad Sotoudeh Shila Jalali Walt Baxter Douglas Chang Fariborz (Faffi) Moazzam Robert Schinagl Thomas C.Skalak A P F Shirley LeeandEunHeeHan Geoffrey von Maltzahn Vicki Chin Song Li C Graduate Students Drahoslav Lim Sidney Sobin Richard Skalak W.Benjamin Zweifach I N ACULTY H URRENT LUMNI M .D. EMORY S G H S RANTED ONORS TUDENTS O F

67 63

57 40 56 3 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY

such as“tissueengineering”, heendorsedthenew into biomolecularandbiochemicalareas, withthemes their well-developedgrowth plansinvolving expansion growth andstatureoftheschool.Afterreviewing how importantsuchadevelopment wouldbetothe arrival ofDeanRobert Connwhoquicklyunderstood and space.Ibelieve thefinalapproval waited for the principal issueswasresources, newfaculty positions independent department.Ofcourseoneofthe Engineering andtoUCSDiftheybecamean more statureandviability totheSchoolof However, it was clearthattheywouldbringeven both thegraduate andundergraduate levels. attracted numbersofoutstanding studentsat large inseveralwith colleagues areas ofmechanics,and broader programs inengineeringscience,interacted separation becausetheyaddedstrength toour department. We hadmixed emotionsabouttheir arguments abouttheminimumsizeofaviable program couldovercome thetraditional ‘criticalmass’ ladder rank faculty, andonlythequality ofthe recruited tojointhem.Atthetimethere wereonlysix zealous aboutthequality offaculty andresearchers one ofthemostfocusedandvisionarygroups, bioengineering sectionofourdepartmentwasalways when muchofthediscussionoccurred. The country. Iwas serving aschairofAMESatthetime one ofthefew inthe DepartmentsofBioengineering offsplit from thethenAMESdepartmentandformed small groupofdistinguishedfaculty inbioengineering It ishard tobelieve thatithasbeentenyears sincea Acting SeniorViceChancellor, AcademicAffairs University ofCalifornia, San Diego D A F AVID OUNDATION M ILLER

FOR E XCELLENCE department, itsfaculty, staff, andstudents. congratulations andappreciation tothe departments. Onthis10thanniversary, Ioffer my School ofMedicine,andotherengineering which have involved thenatural sciences, the several interdisciplinary initiatives onthe campus continually beenleadersand/orcontributedto Focht BioengineeringHall,andtheyhave funding tobuildtheirownbuilding,thePowell- per faculty, theyhave beenreceived private each year, theirresearch funding exceeds$800K 200 undergraduates and30graduate students departments inthecountry, more theyenroll than am. Theyare ranked asoneofthetop three young departmenthasaccomplished, andIsurely leader atUCSDwouldbeproud ofwhatthis call forthemtogrow toabout25faculty. Any something like 15faculty, whilethelatestplans bioengineering departmentwouldmature at work. At thattimeitwas envisioned that the faculty madeitall enthusiasm ofthe modest butthe budgets were quite and operational recall thatthespace ensure itssuccess.Ido faculty positions to allocated sufficient department and 5 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING: A FORMER DEAN’S PERSPECTIVE

ROBERT W. CONN, PH.D. Former Dean, Jacobs School of Engineering (1994-2002)

The first major decision I faced during my tenure But something else emerged equally clearly, as Dean of Engineering at UCSD was something deeper, namely, that Bioengineering whether or not to support the formation of a would emerge as the new engineering field for the Department of Bioengineering within the School of 21st century. It would for the first time map an Engineering. After accepting the appointment as engineering field to the science of biology - Dean in mid-1993, the Chancellor and Vice something that amazingly had never happened Chancellor informed me that the campus was before, at least not in a formal way. It was considering a proposal to form a new Department immediately clear that the potential to lead in this of Bioengineering, and that they felt it important to new area would represent, on UCSD's part, an have my recommendation before proceeding. That opportunity for vision and leadership - and the time was very considerate of them, but it also meant for this had come. Approval of the faculty's that I had to become informed very quickly about proposal followed in short order. an area I knew relatively little about. The department's success in its first decade has So I spent that Fall of 1993, while still formally at proven the rightness of the faculty's vision and the UCLA, getting introduced to bioengineering as a campus's decision to move ahead. I wish the field, and meeting with the faculty who were department and its faculty, staff and students all supporting the formation of this new department. the best in the decades to come - and I know that Two things became immediately apparent - 1) this they will continue to provide vision and leadership was an extraordinary group of faculty, and 2) this to this critical field. was the only area of engineering at the time at UCSD that was ranked among the top 5 programs in the country. is and will leadthisemergingis andwill field. With ourincredibledepthoffacultyinthisfield,UCSD developed anewcoursesequenceinsystemsbiology. country. Andin 2004, ourbioengineeringfaculty bioinformatics, nowconsideredamodelfor the launched oneofthefirsteducationalprograms in working togetherwithmanyothersoncampus, and treatment.OurBioengineeringDepartment, advance medicalcarethroughpersonalizeddiagnosis revolutionize drugdevelopment,butcouldalsohelp Systems biologynotonlyhasthepotentialto a wholeinquantitative andintegrative perspective. new fielddedicatedtounderstandinglivingsystemsas The sequencingofthehumangenomeisspawninga and beyond. departments oftheJacobsSchoolinnextdecade the bioengineering department,aswellall many ofthenewinitiativesinvolving our bethefocusinterdisciplinary approach,andthiswill of canonlybe solvedchallenges throughatruly treatment ofmedicalconditions.Thesecomplex can provide better diagnosis,and monitoring, to explorenewways inwhichadvances intechnology just anopportunity, butanobligation, forengineering andmedicalsciences.Itisnot improving healthcare discussing howweasengineerscancontributeto interactions have beenwiththebiomedicalcommunity, in2003,someofmyJacobs School mostexciting Since takingontheresponsibilities ofDeanthe a timetolookforward toallthatiscome. accomplishments ofourfaculty andstudents,itisalso andthemanyDepartment ofBioengineering As wecelebrate the10-year anniversary ofourgreat Dean, JacobsSchoolofEngineering F B RIEDER IOENGINEERING S EIBLE . P H .D.

AS

A C ATALYST

FOR make intheyearsahead. exciting andsignificantcontributionsthatUCSDwill bethecornerstonetosomeofmost will the strongestinnation,biomedicalengineering regional biotechnologyindustry, nowdescribedas neighboring scientificinstitutions,andwithour expertise acrossthecampus,ourwonderful bioengineering. Withourincrediblefaculty beyond, andhave trulydefinedthefieldof motivated young mindsonthiscampusand well such asY.C. FungandShuChienhave inspired and to, butledthisadvancement. Faculty luminaries bioengineering atUCSDhasnotjustcontributed research universities intheworld,and UCSD isoneoftheyoungest,yet fastestrising, leader inthisareaaswemove forward. Departmentispositionedtobea Bioengineering biotechnology andmedicaldevices.Our contribute to,butleadthisgeneral area of isimperativesciences, it forUCSDtonotjust strength inthebiological,physical,andhealth UCSD’sand shapingofthefinalproduct.With biological, andchemicalprocesses,for thedesign to developnewmaterialswithmechanical, blocks(atthecelloratomiclevel) building smaller engineering worknowstartswithsmallerand frequently referred toasnanotechnology, andour are driven ever by smallersensorsandactuators, medical innovation. Breakthroughs intheseareas the life scienceswithengineeringsolutionsfor It isoneofourdeclaredgoalstoleadresearch on N EW E NGINEERING I NITIATIVES 7 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY T HE BEGINNING AND EARLY YEARS OF BIOENGINEERING AT UCSD

Y.C. FUNG

The bioengineering adventure in UCSD began in 1965. professor of bioengineering. Ben, Marcos, and I came Thirty years later, in an evaluation of all Ph.D programs to UCSD in July, 1966. in the United States by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering published in 1996, the UCSD Bioengineering THE UNIQUE SYSTEM OF EARLY UCSD was rated as number 1 in Program and number 2 in The University of California allows each campus to Faculty in the category of Bioengineering. We are proud develop its own approach. In 1966, bioengineering of this evaluation because it gives a nod to our hard was what the Dean of the School of Medicine Joseph work. To explain our experience, however, is a little Stokes wanted. He made 3 FTE’s available to the complicated, because the UCSD experience was a bit Department of Ames, in which the bioengineering unconventional, and some explanations are needed. students and faculty were located. At that time, Chancellor Galbraith of UCSD has a Dean of the School THE BIRTH OF THE PROGRAM of Medicine, but no other deans. There were two The beginning of bioengineering at UCSD was thus: One engineering Departments, the APIS (Applied Physics day in June1965, Ben Zweifach, after visiting Harold and Information Science), and the AMES(Applied Wayland and me at the California Institute of Mechanics and Engineering Science). Bioengineering Technology for a year, was ready to go back to New belonged to AMES. The Ph.D certificates of our York. Before leaving, I wanted to show him around students would read as “Doctor of Philosophy in Southern California. We decided to come to La Jolla to Engineering Science with Specialization in visit our friend Pete Scholander, a legendary naturalist at Bioengineering.” The first dean of Engineering was the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Macos appointed in 1982. Thereafter other deans appeared in Intaglietta,who was a postdoc Fellow at Caltech at the UCSD. This system lasted until 1994, when time, and had worked with Pete in one of his Bioengineering was separated out as a Department. expeditions, met us at Scripps. After a pleasant visit Soon APIS and AMES were reorganized into many with Pete in the afternoon, we dropped in on Sol Penner, Departments, and the frontiers’ days were gone. the Chair of the Department of AMES. Dr. Penner was a former colleague at Caltech. He asked us what we were It was fortunate that the bioengineering faculty was doing. We said Bioengineering. Penner immediately one of the earliest faculties recruited by the School of called Joe Stokes, the Dean of the School of Medicine. Medicine. By luck we participated in the recruitment of Dr Stokes said:“Don’t let them go home. Ask them to the School of Medicine faculty. This gave us an give a seminar.” I could not, because I must begin my advantage to know the new medical faculty naturally, trip to Michigan the next morning. Ben and Marcos did and no barrier between clinical faculty and stay, gave a seminar, and Sol started the recruitment bioengineers got in the way. Thus Professor Eugene process. Bernstein, M.D., a famous cardiovascular surgeon and artificial heart researcher, became our best friend. I went to Ann Arbor, Michigan to search my heart for an Professor Richard Peters, M.D., a famous thoracic answer to the question whether I wanted to devote surgeon, cooperated with us intimately. One day I got 100% of my time to bioengineering or not. If my a phone call from a neurologist Profesor Robert answer was yes, then I should give up my career at Tschirgi, telling me that NIH was entertaining a Caltech and my interest in aeroelasticity and aerospace. surgery-bioengineering training grant. I called Gene By Christmas time my mind was made up. I wanted Bernstein, and together we wrote and obtained a bioengineering 100% of my time. In January 1966 I surgery-bioengineering pre- and post-doctoral training returned to California and told Dr. Penner. Three weeks grant in 1971. This grant was renewed again and later Dr Penner gave me an appointment letter signed again, and is still being funded in 2004. It must have by Chancellor John Galbraith. I was named explicitly a set a record of longevity! invention andmanufacturing ofhis devices. basic thanothers,hewasuniquely successful inhis hisresearchsensors for was more diabetes. Because Dr Goughisinterested intheimplantable glucose David Gough,whogothisPhD from University of Utah. The nextfaculty wasProfessor memberwerecruited faculty. experiments was agreatresourceforourstudentsand Physiologist. Herextensive knowledgeaboutinvivo We DrKitty recruited Fronek,MD, PhD. asaResearch gold standardforthediagnosisofarterialdiseases. reactive hyperemia andpulse-reappearance timeasthe famous for hisestablishing theuseofpost-occlusive for hisresearchonnon-invasive diagnosis,especially Czechoslovakian Academy known ofScience. Heiswell Prague andPhDfrom theInstitute ofPhysiology ofthe Fronek, whogothisM.D. CharlesUniversity from in The firstnewfacultywer describe brieflyhowdidwegatherthestars. studentsneedoutstandingteachers.Let me Bright got thebeststudents. successful undergraduate students.Year afteryear, we outstanding too. Andwehave many outstandingand Many graduate students succeedingthemare manufacture someofhisinventions. Theyshinebright! years, andhasretired tomarket toLaJolla and VAof Virginia,inCharlottesville, for thantwenty more EngineeringoftheUniversityDepartment ofBiomedical University.Boston Jen-ShihLeewas theChairof at theUniversity Columbia,Vancouver, ofBritish andthe famous membrane cell mechanicsauthority, aprofessor University atSaintLouis,Missouri.Evan Evans isaworld DepartmentoftheWashingtonBioengineering students anywhere? Today, Frank YinistheChairof his Ph.D. from Couldanybody Caltech. wishfor better change. Thefirstpost-doc was Jen-ShihLee,whogot aerospace engineerinSanDiegowhowantedto in mechanicalengineering.Evan Evans was an NYU. Frank amaster’s YincamefromMITwith degree Yin, andEvan Evans. wasDrZweifach’s Elliott studentat three graduate studentsarrived were Flicker, Elliot Frank UCSD, wesentoutflyerstorecruitstudents.Thefirst ProgramAs soonastheBioengineering startedat O UR S TUDENTS

AND F ACULTY ecruited wasProfessor Arnost T of theworld. Such strength! Itmustbeanenvy ofany institution Usami, andYihuaZhao. Huang, Julie Y.H. Li,JeffTsai, Price,Amy Shunichi Doctors DaleBaker, Peter C.Chen, Y.L.Hu, Wei In addition ,wehave Professional Research Staff D. Wagner, andJohnB. West. Anne Hoger, RickL.Lieber, JeffH.Omens,Peter Kenneth R.Chien,JimW. Covell, MarkH.Ellisman, and Affliated Faculty Professors Pao C.Chau, Johnson, Deidre A.MacKenna, LouK.Waldman, Professors MichaelBerns, CharlesCantor, Paul C. Our faculty isfurther amplified Adjunct by now trulystar-studded. and JohnWatson joinedourfaculty. Ourfaculty is Heller, XiaohuaHuang,Trey Ideker, GabrielSilva, Gary A.Huber, Wayne Jeff Giles, Hasty, Michael Palsson, ShankarSubramaniam, SangeetaBhatia, Sung, Robert O. L.Sah,JohnFrangos,Bernhard Then Professors LanpingAmy Sung,Kuo-Li Paul confidence inourfuture. Thislegendarysuccessgavecome toLaJolla. us and RichardSkalakofColumbiaUniversity agreedto persuading twostarstojoinus.ProfessorShuChien In 1988, wewerefortunatetohave succeededin recognized agenius. ofheartmuscle.Inproperties histhesiswe histhesisonthemechanical his teacherandread fromMcCulloch Aukland, NewZealand. We knew The nextstarweenticedwas D. DrAndrew research oninflammation. Columbia University. Geertisabrightstarin own Ph.D, tocomebackourfaculty from Then weattracted DrGeertSchmid-Schonbein,our evaluation process oftheWhitaker Foundation was and todevelop as wewanted. exactly Therigorous Whitaker Foundation enabled ustosurvive, togrow at thisjuncture thatthegenerous helpofthe of California wasinasevere financialcrisis.Itwas neering grouptogrowwas the greatest,State In thelate1980’s, whentheneedfor ourbioengi- HE B IG H ELP

OF

THE W HITAKER F OUNDATION 9 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY an inspiration. The astute advices we received from the Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. We Whitaker Foundation told us always to aim high, to held the Third International Congress on Biorheology pursue perfection, and to have confidence in ultimate on campus on Aug 28-Sept 1, 1978. We held the success. The Whitaker Foundation helped us building up Second World Congress on Microcirculation on campus the faculty. When we found an ideal faculty candidate, on July 25-27 1979. the Whitaker Foundation was willing to pay his/her salary until the State of California can take over. It is A glorious meeting was held on campus in July 1984. fortunate that the State is always optimistic toward the This was the Frontiers in Biomechanics meeting future, and has never failed to take over any promised organized by Professors Geert Schmid-Schonbein, burden. Savio L-Y Woo, and Benjamin W. Zweifach. The proceedings were published in a book of 395 pages by THE WHITAKER FOUNDATION HELPED Springer Verlag, New York. US TO ESTABLISH OUR DEPARTMENT The separation of the bioengineering group out of the In 1990,the First World Congress on Biomechanics was AMES Department was based on the approval of all held at UCSD for 5 days from Aug.30 to Sept 4. In this members of the AMES Department. Everybody in AMES meeting, the World Council was formed, giving a recognized the support of the Whitaker Foundation, and permanent structure to that organization. decided that it was good. Our faculty members and students had also organized OUR ACADEMIC PROGRAM meetings off campus. Examples are: The 1966 ASME Our academic program followed the Caltech model. On Biomechanics Symposium at the Winter Annual, New courses, we put emphasis on fundamentals and rigor. York. The July 1972 meeting on Thin Shell Structures: On research, we put emphasis on excellence. The Theory, Experiment, and Design, (Prentice- Hall, undergraduate curriculum emphasizes applied math- 615pp, 1974),held on the campus of Caltech, Pasa- ematics, continuum mechanics, electronics, and design. dena. The October 1973 ASME Biomechanics Sympo- Graduate courses had two objectives: to emphasize the sium held in Georgia Tech. The May 9-13 1983 China- basics, and to air the specialties of the instructor. Since Japan-USA Symposium on Biomechanics held in bioengineering renews itself rapidly, graduate courses Wuhan, China (Biomechanics in China, Japan, USA are renewed frequently. Science Press 1984, 526pp). The Sept 28-Oct 2, 1987 Japan-China-USA meeting in Osaka (Progress and REACHING OUT TO THE NATIONAL AND New Directions of Biomechanics, Mita Press,Tokyo, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 444pp.) and the October 1997 Biomedical Engineering We thought that it was good to expose our students to Society Fall Meeting. On the horizon, the 35th Con- the national and international community. So we gress of the International Union of Physiological organized a number of national and international Sciences, March 31-April 5, 2005, San Diego, and the meetings on campus. At the meeting time, Gene Mead, 12th World Congress of the International Society of our technician, was the marshal. He organized the Biorheology, Chongqing, China, May 30-June 3, 2005, students to meet the participants at the airport, deliv- both with Shu Chien as the Chair. ered them to the hotels or the residential halls on campus. Every meeting included a picnic and a fireside GETTING READY FOR THE FUTURE entertainment at our famous La Jolla beach. Participants This article is meant to sketch a bit of our past history. soon became a big family. The entire past history of the UCSD Bioengineering is about looking toward the future. At this 10th Anniver- Thus we held a Symposium on Biomechanics on campus sary of the formation of our Department, we are on July 29-31, 1970, the proceedings of which were looking further, and wider, and thinking of the next 10 published as a book by Prentice Hall under the title years, 100 years, and 1000 years. S forces. transduction mechanical andgeneexpression by molecular basisofthemodulation ofsignal program andledtoour currentresearch onthe incorporate molecularbiologyintoourresearch The move toUCSDmadeitpossiblefor usto Columbia. Shunichi UsamialsojoinedusinLaJollafrom Diego. AmyandPaul Sung,Jerry Norwich,andlater alsorecruitingUCSD responded DicktoSan by long-time colleagues–particularlyDickSkalak. express my concernaboutmy with collaboration the position even thoughonlyhalfawake. Idid "Yes". Iamgladthathadtherightmindtoaccept Halfasleep,would cometoLaJolla. Ianswered phoned meat6AMTaipei timeandaskedwhetherI Sciences (IBMS)inAcademiaSinicaTaiwan, Ben sabbatical leave attheInstitute ofBiomedical Jolla. In thesummerof1987, whenIwas on had difficulty decidingeven afterseveral visits toLa pediatrician, andourchildren were inNewYork, we Columbia, my wife K.C.hadafull-time jobasa (AMES). BecauseIhadalarge research group at Applied) MechanicsandEngineeringScience Department ofAeronautical(laterchangedto join UCSDasafaculty inthe inBioengineering In Zweifach 1986,Iwasasked byBen andBertto T Columbia University tojoinUCSD. period startingfrom 1988whenIcamefrom Program. WhatIwritehere coversmainlythe excellent articledatingbacktotheinceptionof Bioengineering Program in1966,haswritten an (Bert) Fung,oneofthefounders ofourUCSD look forward totheexciting future. Yuan-cheng memories, appreciate thewonderful present,and it ismy great many pleasure marvelous torecall Anniversary of the establishmentofDepartment, at UCSD. Atthiswonderful occasionoftheTenth I feel very fortunate tobeapartofBioengineering C P HE HU AST ELEBRATION M C OVE HIEN , P

TO UCSD RESENT IN 1988

OF

AND

THE F D UTURE EPARTMENT

OF B T 2000. job aftertakingover astheP.I. for thePPGin am very pleasedthatGeertisdoinganexcellent and theexperiencesatColumbiaIBMS. I UCSD, thecooperative efforts ofallparticipants, because ofthestrong scientificfoundation at us for laterdevelopments. We succeeded That was abigbreakthrough, anditpositioned receiving research fundingafterpeerreview. was thefirsttimeateameffort succeededin UCSD hadalways beenvery strong,butthisPPG Hoffman, Sah).Bioengineeringat laterBob instrumentation (Shunichi)andcellculture(Bob computation (Andrew McCulloch), administration, ultrastructure (Geert), (Now Jeff Omens).We hadCore Facilities on and LarrySklarattheScripps Research Institute Geert, Schmid-Schönbein andmyself atUCSD 1990. Theproject leaderswere Bert,Amy, Microcirculation" totheNIH.Thiswas funded in cells,Vessels"Biomechanics ofBlood andthe and IBMS, andsubmitted aPPGapplicationon organized aresearch team,asIdidatColumbia by founders I ofUCSDBioengineering, Based ontheexcellent foundation established T staff andstudents. colleagues, includingfaculty, research scientists, privilege toworkwithsuchwonderful UCSD for givingmetheopportunity and move was agreatdecision.Iamvery grateful to Now, sixteenyears later, it isclear thatthe related tobioengineering, butasoneof six 1966. AMESwas helpful infostering activities had beenapartofAMESsince itsinceptionin identity program, ofourBioengineering which Surgery in1971,webegan toaddress the been startedby BertwithEugeneBernstein of renewing theNIH training grant, whichhad After receiving thePPGandsubsequently HE HE IOENGINEERING P I ’ S NSTITUTE ROGRAM 10 P TH

FOR ROJECT B A IOMEDICAL G NNIVERSARY RANT (PPG)

E AT NGINEERING UCSD: 11 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY groups in a large department we had limited formation of IBME and our identification of the resources and did not have a clear identity to the theme on Tissue Engineering Science prepared us to outside. It took more than one year for the idea of submit a pre-proposal, together with 62 other having a separate department to be unanimously submissions. Our pre-proposal was selected for the accepted by all Bioengineering faculty, and this submission of a full proposal and we were one of provided the driving force for the initiative. five chosen for site visit. In September 1993, we were one of three institutions (together with Georgia Because of the time required to form a department, Institute of Technology and University of Utah) that we worked first to establish the Institute for received the Award, which allowed us to recruit four Biomedical Engineering (IBME) as an Organization outstanding faculty (John Frangos, Bernhard Research Unit (ORU). More than thirty faculty Palsson, Amy Sung, and Sangeeta Bhatia) and set members from schools of medicine, biology, and up excellent core facilities. The Award was also engineering, and the Scripps Institution of valuable in helping us to form the Department. Oceanography, joined in this effort. At a retreat in September 1991, we adopted Tissue Engineering THE FORMATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING Science as a common research theme. Tissue The UCSD administration, including Chancellor engineering is a term coined by Bert in the early Richard Atkinson, Vice Chancellor Marjorie Caserio, 1980s. and Deans of Engineering (Lea Rudee and Robert Conn), Medicine (Gerard Burrows and George After the establishment of IBME in November 1991, Palade) and Office of Graduate Studies and Research we prepared a brochure that summarized all the (Richard Attiyeh), was strongly supportive for the Institute members and their research activities, formation of the Department. I had many group including an index based on research topics. This meetings and individual discussions with our brochure received considerable publicity in and colleagues in AMES (then Chaired by David Miller), outside the university. The U.S. News and World the AMES faculty voted to allow Bioengineering to Report annual survey ranked us number 5 for the form a new department. Following thorough first time in 1993, and this has risen to number 2 in evaluations and positive recommendation by the 2004. The comprehensive survey done every Academic Senate, the University of California decade by the National Research Council ranked us formally approved the formation of the Department number 1 in graduate education and number 2 in of Bioengineering at UCSD on August 20, 1994, and faculty quality in their most recent survey published appointed me as the Chair effective July 1, 1994. in 1995. The governing of the Department of Bioengineering In 1993 we established an Industrial Advisory Board has always been by consensus of faculty members. (IAB), with 20 industrial members. The Board has The term of our Chair is three years, with the worked effectively with the Institute to foster possibility of a two-year extension. After serving my research collaboration, hold symposia and full 5-year term after the extension, I was pleased workshops, facilitate student internship placement, that David Gough agreed to accept the Chairship in provide advice and consultation on curriculum of July 1999. Dave did an excellent job from 1999 to educational programs relevant to industry, and 2002. When he did not wish to continue, my col- sponsor Bioengineering graduate student activities leagues elected me to be the Chair again in July such as Breakfast with Industry, Annual Symposium, 2002. etc. THE WHITAKER FOUNDATION LEADERSHIP AWARD AND THE THE WHITAKER FOUNDATION DEVELOPMENT AWARD POWELL-FOCHT BIOENGINEERING HALL Shortly after the formation of the IBME in 1991, the In spring 1997, the Whitaker Foundation announced Whitaker Foundation announced the request for the availability of a new Leadership Award program proposals for the Development Award ($5 million for to support Biomedical Engineering infrastructure at a six years) to develop biomedical engineering. The level higher than the Development Award. Our estimate for constructingabuildingthatwould me tosubmitasupplemental proposal basedonan requested wouldbetoolarge. Thecommittee asked that wewereconcerned theamounttobe not includeeveryone inthenewbuilding, Ireplied building. Whenthesitevisitors asked why wedid Department, with1/4remaining intheEBU1 a buildingtoaccommodate about3/4ofthe with thematchingfunds, wouldallowustoconstruct requested from theWhitaker Foundation, together Engineering (JSOE)andUCSD. The$13.8million we required was provided bytheJacobsSchoolof Foundation). Theremainder ofthematching continued thewonderful support by thePowell and was succeeded byJoelHoliday, whohas million. (Herbunfortunatelypassedaway in1999 Conn totellhimthatthegiftwas raised to$8 HerbertKunzelChairman oftheBoard calledBob ranking invarious surveys. Without beingasked, give becauseofourhigh usanadditional $5million from thePowell Foundation, whichlaterdecidedto 1 matching.DeanConnobtainedagift of$3million we werelimitedbytheamountcanraise for 1to want torisklosingitbyaskingfor toomuch,and(b) We arrived atthisamountbecause (a)wedidnot million, including$0.8millionfor faculty recruitment. In ourwritten applicationwerequested $13.8 exciting andelectrifying atmosphere. visitors were veryimpressed andgotinvolved inthe was obviousthattheWhitaker Foundation’s site unbelievably successful; everything justclicked. It during thesite visit.Thisparticularevent was administration. We asagroup didextremely well colleagues, aswellleadersfrom UCSD (SDSC) andtheSalkInstitute, alumni,andindustrial Medicine, theSanDiegoSupercomputer Center and graduate students,facultyfrom theSchoolof The presentations involved Bioengineeringfaculty preparations andextensive rehearsalsfor thevisit. Morgan, andBuddyRatner). We madethorough Jr., DominiqueDurand, DonGibbons,Howard Linehan), andscientificconsultants(AllenCowley, Vice PresidentPeter Katona, andVicePresident Jack Executives (President MilesGibbons,Jr., Executive Portia Whitaker Shumaker andJamesKelley), Burtt Holmes,Past ChairRuth Whitaker Holmes, 1998 byFoundation's Governing Committee (Chair application was visited onSeptember23-24, site $10 million (including $2 million for (including$2million $10 million the In early2002,JSOEreceived agenerous gift of the forefront ofBioengineering. marvelous teamfor research andeducation at scientists inUCSDBioengineering form a scientists (Table I).Together, thefaculty and Academia andIndustry, 15[??]research departments oncampus,12Adjunctfaculty from has eleven affiliated appointmentswith other In additiontothe corefaculty, theDepartment Department. the tenyears sincetheestablishmentof Bioengineering core faculty hastripledduring with Ophthalmology)in2003.Thus, Ideker, JohnWatson, andGabrielSilva (Joint Jeff Hasty, andXiaohuaHuangin2002;Trey Wayne withMedicine-Cardiology), Giles(joint appointmentwithECEDepartment); 2001 (joint Shankar Subramaniam in1999;MichaelHeller Department. TheyincludeGaryHuberand recruited additionaloutstandingfaculty tothe During theperiodofLeadershipAward, we (WIBE)". "Whitaker Engineering Institute ofBiomedical Foundation, UCSDchangedthenameofIBMEto tremendous contributions bytheWhitaker Powell Foundation. To recognize the late JudgeFocht whoplayeda major role inthe recognition ofthePowell Foundation gift andthe name itthePowell-Focht Bioengineering Hall,in building atUCSD, theFoundation agreed to share ofsupportfor thenewbioengineering support ofbioengineering.Despite itslarge The Whitaker Foundation ismagnanimousinthe our initial request. Foundation increased thefunding amountabove of $18million.Itwas fantastic thatthe approved theLeadershipAward intheamount Governing Committee oftheFoundation of another$4.2 million.Amonthlater, the additional $4.2million,with university matching submitted arequesttotheFoundation for an Development JimLangley, andDeanConn,I forwith ChancellorDynes,Vice include theentire Department.Afterconsulting 13 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY construction of the PFBH) from the von Liebig technology cores, The novel concepts of genetic Foundation to establish the William J. von Liebig circuitry and in silico biology have been developed Center for Entrepreneurism and Technology to treat genes and signaling molecules as Advancement. Through John Watson’s suggestion, interacting elements in a network, with the aim of Linda Hamilton and Jean Goggins of the Foundation modeling and predicting their interactions on the had visited UCSD, and Bob Conn and Joe Bear bases of experimental data. This approach provides (current Director of the von Liebig Center) had an important link with the research in Systems visited the Foundation in Naples, FL to plan for these Biology. initiatives. In Molecular Biomechanics, a combination of The construction of the PFBH began in early 1999, experimental and theoretical approaches are used with Anshen and Allen Los Angeles (AALA) as the to establish the molecular basis of mechanical architect and was completed in November 2002. behaviors of cells and tissues, e.g., the The Department moved in during the next month. determination of stress-strain relationships of cells Every one in the Department is extremely pleased and molecules, the use of surface molecular with the wonderful facilities and resources in this characteristics to manipulate and characterize cells, state-of-the-art building. dynamic tracking of cell cycle, experimental and theoretical studies on cytoskeleton dynamics, etc. THE CURRENT STATE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF The facilities in the Instrumentation Core are BIOENGINEERING particularly valuable for these studies. The theme for research and education for our Department is Integrative Bioengineering, This Cell and Tissue Engineering encompasses studies includes the integration of research activities at all on the mechanisms of control of tissue growth, levels of the biological hierarchy (from genes and adaptation and repair, and the development of molecules to the whole organism), the collaboration biological substitutes to restore or improve tissue of engineering and biomedical sciences, the functions by controlling cell phenotype. Research is coordination of research and education, the building directed at tissue engineering of the liver, pancreas, of partnerships between academia and industry, and cartilage, cardiac tissues, blood vessels, and blood interaction between UCSD and its neighboring to provide a solid foundation for the translation to institutions. Under the overarching theme of practical application of regenerative medicine. The Integrative Bioengineering, we have major areas of facilities in the biotechnology and biofabrication genomic bioengineering, molecular biomechanics, cores are especially important for these cell and tissue engineering, and systems biology/ investigations. bioengineering. The completion of the new Powell- Focht Bioengineering Hall has allowed integrated To meet the grand challenge of elucidating the development of these frontier areas and five core functional roles of genes interacting as a network facilities, viz. Biofabrication, Biotechnology, posed by the sequencing of the human genome, Information Technology, Instrumentation the Department has taken the lead to foster (Nanotechnology and Imaging, and In Vivo interdisciplinary research and education in the new Technology. These cores provide important frontier of Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and infrastructure to support the research activities and Systems Bioengineering. The recruitment of hands-on training for student education (Fig. 1). outstanding faculty in this area has created the nucleating force to synergize the activities in the Research activities under Genomic Engineering Department and the whole campus. This approach include genomic research on the regulation of signal has provided the intellectual framework for transduction and gene expression in the heart, blood investigating living systems as whole entities and vessels, blood, liver and other organs/tissues with forms an important element of Integrative the use of bioengineering approaches and with the Bioengineering. aid of the information technology and in vivo cardiovascular andotherareas andwiththe collaboration withtheDepartment ofMedicinein The Departmenthasalong historyoffruitful embarking onatextbook Systems Biology. the Whitaker Foundation, andDr. Palsson is Engineering, withaTeaching MaterialsAward from Bhatia wrotethefirsttextbookonTissue Drs.PalssonIntroduction to Bioengineering. and abookon biomechanics, aswellediting Fung haswritten themostdefinitivetextbookson outstanding awards andhonors(SeeTable III).Dr. The faculty oftheDepartmenthasreceived many of ourDepartment. major role intheoutsiderecognition ofthestrength Department. Ourgraduates’ contributionsplay a leaders isoneofthemostimportantmissionsour education ofthenextgeneration ofbioengineering undergraduate studentsare mostrewarding. The bysuperb accomplishments ourgraduate and leadership positionsinacademiaandindustry. The engineering, andmany ofthemhave assumed have madeoutstandingcontributionstobiomedical Bioengineering isgiveninTable II.Thesegraduates A listofthePh.D. graduates from UCSD Whitaker Foundation. with thesupportofInternshipAwardfrom the senior undergraduates andtheM.Eng.students, successful internshipprogram for thejuniorand Department intheimplementationofvery worked andthe closelywiththeInstitute The IndustrialAdvisoryBoard oftheWIBEhas Student Group (BEGS). undergraduates andtheBioengineeringGraduate Biomedical EngineeringSociety (BMES)for theUCSDChapterof activities organized by been very active inpromoting many valuable group academic accomplishments,thestudentbodieshave has beenoutstanding.Inadditiontotheirexcellent entering studentsissuperb, andtheirperformance Jacobo andAndrewMcCulloch).Thequality ofthe and undergraduate education(seearticlebyIrene we have made excellent progresses inbothgraduate admission andchartingitsgraduate curriculum,and Bioengineering hasprocesseditsowngraduate Since theestablishmentofDepartment, interdisciplinary collaborations withseveral other hasinitiated The DepartmentofBioengineering major emphasesinthisrecruitment. Nanoscience andnanotechnology isoneofthe Engineering. faculty inthefieldofBiochemical ispursuinganinitiativeBioengineering torecruit cooperation withotherdepartmentsinJSOE, diagnosis highaccuracy andreliability. In devices forresearch studiesandclinical microelectronic DNAarrays andlab-on-a-chip chemo-mechanical nanostructure, for nanofabrication, andbiomimeticcatalytic structures, electricfieldassistedself-assembly biosensors,designandfabrication ofnano- small Nanomedicine. Examplesaremanufacture of nanoscience, nanotechnologyand and SchoolofMedicineinresearch on Engineering, Physics, Chemistry&Biochemistry, Engineering, MechanicalandAerospace with colleaguesinElectricalandComputer facultyand atoms.Bioengineering collaborate materials anddevicesatthelevelofmolecules Nanotechnology involves thecreationanduseof between BioengineeringandNeurosciences. also beincreasedresearch collaboration Neurotechnology/Neuroengineering. Therewill initiate ajointeducationprogram in andtheDepartmentofNeuroscienceSciences to Nonlinear Sciences,theDivisionofBiological The Departmenthasworked withtheInstitute of collaborative research andeducation. andinitiationof and Bioengineering, joint annualsymposiaonBiomedicalImaging Resonance Imaging(fMRI)Center, holdingof cooperation intheFunctionalMagnetic ways inthepasttwoyears, including Radiology have initiatedcollaboration inseveral and The DepartmentsofBioengineering the SchoolofMedicine. interdisciplinary initiatives beingdeveloped with recently, therehave beenseveral new and collaborative educationprograms. Most many jointresearch projects andresearch grants orthopaedic bioengineering.Therehave been Department ofOrthopaedicSurgeryon 15 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY units in the School of Medicine, including the JSOE, SDSC, Cal(IT)2 and other units on campus, Departments of Surgery and the Cancer Center, and as well as neighboring institutions and other the newly established School of Pharmacy and campuses in the UC system through the multi- Pharmaceutical Sciences, campus Bioengineering Institute of California.

The Department of Bioengineering will also enhance • Enhancement of collaboration with industry, with it collaboration with other departments in JSOE and the goal of recruiting industrial affiliates not only Divisions of Natural Sciences and Biological Sciences, in San Diego area, but also nation-wide and as well as other units on campus, e.g., the California amplifying the internship program. Fostering Institute of Telecommunication and Information technology transfer and entrepreneurship in Technology [Cal-(IT)2] and SDSC. collaboration with the Industrial Advisory Board and the von Liebig Center. UCSD Bioengineering took the lead in coordinating the ten campuses in the UC system to form a Multi- • Establishment of endowment for the Department campus Research Unit (MRU) on bioengineering for uses as student fellowship, faculty start-up entitled “Bioengineering Institute of California supplement, special equipment required for timely (BIC)”, which was formally approved by the UC new initiatives, and other important needs for Office of the President in August 2003. BIC has education and research not met by regular state organized Annual System-wide Bioengineering and federal funding mechanisms. Establishment Symposia that rotate among the ten campuses and of endowed chairs for the recruitment and has initiated the cooperative teaching program retention of outstanding faculty. through the development of web-based teaching materials in various aspects of bioengineering. • Construction of a new Bioengineering Building to house the new faculty to be recruited, as the FUTURE PLANS PFBH is already almost fully occupied. We will endeavor to fully achieve the goals and mission of conducting high-quality interdisciplinary • Full utilization of our facilities and resources to research at the forefront of bioengineering and advance bioengineering research and education educating the next generation of leaders in with a cooperative and integrative approach. bioengineering. The specific plans include the following: At this wonderful occasion of our 10th Anniversary I wish to express our most sincere thanks, on behalf • Recruitment of new faculty to strengthen our of the Department, to all our friends and colleagues current fields and to initiate new areas such as everywhere for their marvelous support and nano-science/technology/medicine, neural cooperation which has made it possible for us to engineering, and cancer bioengineering, under the achieve our goals during the first decade of the overarching theme of integrative bioengineering. Department. We pledge to redouble our effort to fully accomplish our missions of excellence in • Enhancement of the educational programs at education, research and translation in biomedical graduate and undergraduate levels. Increase of engineering, with the ultimate aim of benefiting the hands-on experience for students by using the health and well being of our people. The future is laboratory facilities and resources in PFBH. bright for Bioengineering at UCSD and for Bioengineering as a discipline! • Strengthening the collaborations and interactions with the School of Medicine, Division of Natural Sciences, Division of Biology, other Departments in capillaries, and if this is the case the substitute product andifthisisthecase thesubstitute capillaries, thepropertiesknow if related toopen ofbloodare substitute, becauseitmeans thatitisnecessaryto tion hadprofound in designing ablood implications ing flow, or“functional density”. capillary Thisrealiza- that thepriority function incapillary isthatof maintain- theoperationalmicrocirculation andestablished premise many ofthefunctions thathadbeenattributed tothe Research ledtotherevisionof atUCSDBioengineering of thetissue. the partialpressureofoxy lar levelandinparticularfor of theopticalmeasurement principal toolsfor analyzingtransport atthemicrovascu- world status,beingrecognized for having developed the Microhemodynamic Laboratory hadalready acquired Department, the UCSD Bioengineering energy interactions. Atthetimeofformation ofthe organism, andthelocationofcriticalmechanical environment andeachcellular componentofthe microcirculation, asystemattheinterfacebetween on understandingthebiologyandphysics ofthe Development atUCSDhasfocused ofbloodsubstitutes Microcirculation andbloodsubstitutes Society for Substitutes. Blood been mergedwiththemeetingsofInternational andthiscoursehassince1997 books werepublished, accessible toourfacultyandstudents.Threetutorial the average by250participants,andwerefreely were active attended participants.Thecourseswere on the Navy, industryandUniversities throughouttheworld fromscientists andclinicians UCSD, NIH,FDA,theArmy, during theyears 1995,1996,and1997. Faculty, School andourDepartment.Thisactivity tookplace substitutes undertheauspicesofNIH,Medical form ofaninternationalsymposiumdealing with blood principal jointacademicactivity wasacourseinthe School ofMedicine,DepartmentMedicine.The joined forces withProf. Robert M.WinslowoftheUCSD Department ofBioengineering atUCSD, asourgroup substitutes coincidedwiththeestablishmentof Design anddevelopment of oxygen carryingblood A B 10 Y L MY ASED ABORATORY G.T EARS

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OF I A NTAGLIETTA RTIFICIAL T of thisnecessity. designed artificialbloodresidesintherecognition microcirculation. TheefficacyoftheUCSD open their potentialforinsuringamechanically the capacity ofdelivering oxygen, andignored previously designedbloodsubstitutesfocusedon must bedesignedtopossesthisproperty. All insures thevital functions of themicrocirculation development ofaform bloodthat ofartificial tionality ismaintainedatthe heartofSangart’s performed andhowthis func- capillaries, by are The mechanicalunderstanding ofwhatfunctions UCSD generated “artificial blood”. which pursuesthecommercialdevelopment ofthe ries intoasciencebasedcompany, SangartInc., academic achievements fromhisandourlaborato- discoveries andrelated patentstranslated the Prof. ontheUCSD R.M.Winslowcapitalizing T blood. major repercussions inthedesignofartificial sink was systematized. Thishypothesis hadagain the conceptofbloodvessels beingmajoroxygen “Oxygen gradients inthemicrocirculation”, where our group achapterinPhysiological Reviews titled physiology course,culminatedby co-authoring in cardiovascular portionofourmajorgraduate physiology, manifested by beingincharge ofthe and encyclopedicunderstandingofcirculatory vascular andmicrovascular regulation.Hisdeep reference pointincardiovascular physiology, and Prof. Johnsonwas andisfor ourgroup thekey Physiology attheUniversityofArizona,Tucson. from theChairmanshipofDepartment foundation ofourDepartmentafter hisretirement out basicphysiological research atthetimeof our laboratory andwas operational, fully carrying Professor P.C. JohnsonjoinedourDepartmentand HE HE B

UCSD CONTRIBUTION LOOD CONNECTION

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WITH C.J S ANGART OHNSON I NC . 17 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY are maintained or enhanced. The remarkable and Rubén Argüero, 1986-to date, Director, Hospital de counter intuitive discoveries embodied in Sangart’s Cardiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, blood substitute were achieved by introducing in the Mexico City circulation a high molecular viscosity oxygen carrier that also has high oxygen affinity, and therefore targets Eishun Tsuchida, 1997-to date, Emeritus Professor, oxygen delivery to anoxic areas of the tissue. Department of Polymer Chemistry - Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda The new conceptualization of artificial blood emerging University, Tokyo, Japan from this unique academic-industrial-science based partnership developed a material that is now in clinical Juan Carlos Briceño, Professor of Mechanical trials. This work was generously supported by several Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, NIH R01 grants to R.M.W., M.I. and A.G.T. A Bioengi- Colombia neering Research Partnership also funded this endeavor. Dr. Winslow is currently Adjunct Professor of the Barbara Friesenecker, Head of Anesthesiology, Bioengineering faculty. University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY, NATIONAL AND Heinz Kerger, Head of Anesthesiology, Evangelisches INTERNATIONAL CONNECTION Diakoniekrankenhaus, Freiburg, Germany Medical care, medicine and blood have no national boundaries and our Department has been extraordinar- Hiromi Sakai, Department of Polymer Chemistry - ily hospitable to investigators from the international Advanced Research Institute for Science and community. Their contribution is amply reflected in Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan publications from our group and all members of the Department. In the field of resuscitation and artificial Reto Wettstein, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive blood we particularly recognize the direct contribution of Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital, Berne, the following list of individuals who have and are Switzerland. actively participating in the work and publications from our laboratory: REFERENCES Tsai, A.G., Friesenecker, B., McCarthy, M., Sakai, H. and Marko Turina, 1970-to date, Professor and Chairman, M. Intaglietta. “Plasma viscosity regulates capillary Cardiac Surgery, Universitatspital Zurich perfusion during extreme hemodilution in hamster skin fold model”. Am. J. Physiol. 275:(Heart. Circ. Physiol. Konrad Messmer, 1978-to date, Former Professor and 44):H2170-H2180, 1998. Head, Experimental Surgery, University of Munich, Germany Tsai, A.G., Johnson, P.C. and M. Intaglietta. “Oxygen gradients in the microcirculation”. Physiol. Rev. 83:933- Bengt Fagrell, 1980-to date, Former Head of Internal 963, 2003. Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Tsai, A.G., Cabrales, P. and M. Intaglietta. “Oygen- Silvia Bertuglia, 1984-to date, Professor, Instituto di carrying blood substitutes: a microvascular perspective”. Fisiologia Clinica del CNR, Universitá di Pisa, Italy Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 4:1147-1157, 2004. D T D Baker, Peter LarsBjursten, MichaelBerns, Butler, have included:MichaelAlbisser, ChrisArmour, Dale Associated faculty inthe lasttenyears andaffiliates Shankar Subramaniam, AmySung,andJohnWatson. Huang, Trey Ideker, Bernhard Palsson, GabrielSilva, Giles, Jeff Hasty, MichaelHeller, GaryHuber, Xiaohua Professors JohnFrangos, SangeetaBhatia, Wayne others. Faculty joining in thesubsequentyears were: Arnost andKitty Fronek,Peter Wagner, JohnWest and ZweifachBenjamin (Emeritus).Affiliates included: Sah, GeertSchmid-Schoenbein, RichardSkalakand Gough, MarcosIntaglietta,AndrewMcCulloch,Robert included ShuChien,Y.C. Fung(Emeritus),David number ofassociatefaculty. Thefounding faculty ment hadsixfaculty, twoemeritusprofessors, anda The Faculty. patrons, andadvances spreadrapidly. achievements, theefforts weresupported byvisionary apprentices, wereerectedtosustainthe newbuildings creative energiesofmany contributorsandtheir the arts(i.e., technology),itwas broughtforthbythe neering Renaissance ledtoaflourishing ofscienceand Renaissance ofthe15thCentury, theUCSDBioengi- renaissance, ofBioengineering.LiketheEuropean atUCSDwas arebirth,or Bioengineering actually In many ways, thebirthofnewDepartment UCSD, for whichwecelebrate theTenth Anniversary. a newDepartmentofBioengineeringwas bornat and independentengineeringdiscipline.Thenin1994, developedintoavigorouswhich Bioengineeringitself tion asaleadingresearch university, andatatimein developed asacampusandgrew innationalrecogni- to prominenceoccurred atatimeinwhichUCSD tional reputationforexcellence. Thisgrowthandrise and EngineeringSciences)developed aninterna- within theDepartmentofAMES(orAppliedMechanics asaProgramfollowing decades,Bioengineeringgrew jamin Zweifach andMarcosIntaglietta. For the direction ofitsfounders,Professors Y. C.Fung,Ben- atUCSDhaditsBioengineering birthin1966underthe Professor ofBioengineering AVID HE EPARTMENT T G OUGH ENTH Atthetimeofitsfounding,Depart- A

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THE by ranked inthetoptwoorthreeprograms nationally Academy ofSciencesstudyandconsistently place ingraduate education bytheNational reputation, wastiedfor UCSDBioengineering first incoming studentshave soared.Astonational graduate levels, of theacademicqualifications to 120in2004. boththeundergraduate At and graduate studentpopulationwentfrom 76in1994 under 400in1994toover 950in2004. The ing. Theundergraduate populationgrewfrom dents andrepresent thediversity ofBioengineer- informatics majorsprovide new optionsfor stu- majors. ThenewBiotechnologyandBio- the long-standingBioengineeringandPre-Medical initiated duringthelasttenyears tocompliment Rankings. Advances inEducationandNational Wang, Robert Winslow, YihuaZhaoandothers. Sunichi Usami,Taras Usyk,DmitriVolfson, Nanping Sidney Sobin,Paul Sung,PinTong, Amy Tsai, Omens, JohnPinto, JeffPrice,ErkkiRuoslahti, MacKenna, HuiMiao, AnushkaMihaylova, Jeff Drahoslav Lim,MichaelLutz,MilanMakale, Deidre Tony Hugli,Paul Johnson,JenShihLee,Y. JulieLi, DavidGalas,AnneHolger,Ellisman, Wei Huang, Chen, Ken Chien,Paul Citron,JohnDobak,Mark Charles Cantor, Pao Chau,AlbertChen,Peter Professor Y.C. Fung;theZweifach Library namedin including: theFungAuditorium, namedinhonorof of activitiestheDepartment ofBioengineering, and innovative features thatsupportthefullrange many individuals.Thebuilding hasmany novel Powell Foundation, thevonLiebigFoundation and Whitaker Foundation andgenerousgiftsfrom the Focht was supported departmentalhomeoncampus firstprivatelyFocht The Hall. Bioengineering atUCSDisPowell-nent symbolofBioengineering Powell-Focht BioengineeringHall. : AR B US News US IRTH funded by aLeadershipAward from the Newundergraduatemajorshave been . ENAISSANCE

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THE Apromi- , Powell-, 19 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY honor of Professor B.W. Zweifach; the novel von Liebig Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineer- Center for Entrepreneurism and Technology Advance- ing was established as one of the National Insti- ment that fills a unique role in the translation of tutes of Health to further support Bioengineering medical technologies to industry and the public; the approaches to advances in human health. At the Undergraduate Teaching Lab where students can learn international level, a number of other nations, in a “hands on” setting; and the Graduate Student particularly in Asia, have become aware of the Computing Facility. In addition to common research importance of Bioengineering and have initiated facilities, Powell-Focht Bioengineering Hall contains Bioengineering efforts. In each of these many state-of-the-art research laboratories individually Bioengineering developments, UCSD faculty have designed to meet the needs of faculty research. played significant roles.

Wide Influence. UCSD Bioengineering has had a The Future. Many agree that the 21st Century wide influence at many levels on the development of will be the “Century of Biology,” much as the 20th Bioengineering as a discipline. The UCSD Whitaker Century has been described as the “Century of Institute for Biomedical Engineering facilitates collabo- Physics.” Seminal biological discoveries of the rations with over one hundred investigators from a recent past will lead to broad innovations in variety of departments on campus. The Industrial medical sciences that may overcome persistent Associates serve the important functions of providing diseases, point new directions to sustaining health, advice from an industrial perspective, helping to and alter the very fabric of our society. Bioengi- integrate Bioengineering collaborations with the local neering, with its solid, integrative approach, and in industrial community, and disseminating the fruits of collaboration with specialists from many disci- Bioengineering to the public. During the ten-year plines, is uniquely situated to provide the tools, period since the inauguration of the Department, a conceptual framework and talented workforce to number of other departments of Bioengineering have develop these advances. been founded across the nation, many patterned after UCSD. At the UC Systemwide level, the Bioengineer- Like the European Renaissance, the founding of ing Institute of California has recently been established the new Department of Bioengineering and the with UCSD as the lead campus to coordinate and UCSD Bioengineering Renaissance has set the encourage Bioengineering within the University of stage for a bright and exciting future. California System. At the national level, the National 10 Y numerous ways thelifeofpeople acrosstheworldandthey exceed and far exceed ourhighestexpectations.Theirworktouches in nary proud ofthem.Theirachievements have beenspectacular The studentsare ourmostimportantproducts.We are extraordi- encourages usandwethankthem. tions andourindustrypartners.Theirfriendship and support ing, ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, toourneighboring Institu- campus, from theSchoolofMedicine,Jacob ofEngineer- grown inanetworkofwarmcollegiality partsofthe across all andthePowellespecially theWhitaker Foundation. Thefieldhas leagues, friendsandsupportersinindustryprivate institutions, graduate students,ourdevoted staffmembers,andmany col- tration, atrulyoutstandinggroupofgraduate students andunder- Foremost ourcolleaguesandthemembersofcampusadminis- What isitthenthatmakes bioengineeringatUCSDsospecial? diseases andhelptoimprove andoptimize medicalpractice. Bioengineers areready totake onthegreatchallengesinhuman that Ithinkisasuseful inmedicineasit isdesigninganairplane. neers like toidentify theessenceofaproblem, away ofthinking are nomorebarriersbetweenengineeringandmedicine.Engi- started onalongexpansionofourinvolvement inmedicine.There orthopedic bioengineering.Butthatrapidly changedandwe We usedtobefocused onspecificareas, like cardiovascular or allaspectsofbiologyandmedicine. finds applicationtovirtually traditionalThus bioengineeringtouchesall engineering fieldsand four basicsciences:biology, chemistry, physics andmathematics. Today, Bioengineering’s greateststrength isthatitembraces all engineering andmodernmedicineserved it welleversince. new EngineeringDepartment.Thismixture ofstrong traditional ground forBioengineeringwithanewSchool ofMedicineanda campus. In fact UCSDhadjustaboutthemostidealgrowing exceed themostdaringexpectations.Itwas possibleonanew Yuan-Cheng Fung,andMarcos Intaglitta, thatintheendwould It was anexperimentbyourpioneers,Drs. BenjaminZweifach, new problemsandface someofthegreatestchallenges inscience. unknowns ofanewMedicalSchooltomake newfriends, encounter space andappliedmechanicsengineers,it transferred earlyintothe remarkable history. Asasmallprogram, embeddedamongaero- arrangement asaDepartment,BioengineeringatUCSDhas While 32yearsoldandalready enjoyingtenyears ofaformal Professor ofBioengineering G EERT W.S EARS CHMID Y OUNG -S CHÖNBEIN

AND G OING S TRONG 21 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY the highest expectations. Our students invented and “Bioengineering” over the front entry. We grew developed elegant treatments for diseases otherwise and were fortunate to be joined by a number of difficult to treat. They discovered important molecu- outstanding colleagues with fascinating research lar and biological mechanisms in living tissues. They activities. We introduced new academic pro- are developing an amazing array of medical equip- grams at both the undergraduate and graduate ment and software for difficult problems in biome- level and we continue to receive support, chanics, transport processes and systems biology. especially from the National Science Foundation They have joined other universities, have become and the National Institute of Health. The only leaders and have opened up entire new directions of limit is our own time and energy. We are investigation. They started new companies in flooded with important problems, far more than bioengineering, created new divisions, and are we can hope to solve in a lifetime. Basic serving as directors and managers in many compa- principles in Biology are emerging and there are nies and in government. Many of our students have still many opportunities for discovery of funda- become practicing physicians, and they tell us that mental mechanisms in many biological pro- even a little engineering thinking is helpful in Medi- cesses. Some of our current models have cal School education and practice. We enjoy their already predictive power, and our understanding life stories and like to share their triumphs and of complex processes in Biology is improving. concerns. Our models will make more and more predic- tions. This is when Medicine will benefit most. I have never regretted having chosen bioengineering and am most grateful to be a member of the Depart- Bioengineering at UCSD is here to stay. Its ment. The past ten years have been spectacular. future is bright. Happy Birthday. We moved into our own Building that actually says at UCSD. We are proudtosay, graduate instrumentalinallowing has beenespecially studentstopursuetheirstudies grants andUniversity Thesupportprovided theWhitaker commitments. by Foundation Medtronic Foundation, otherprivate donorcontributions, Institutes theJacobsSchool ofEngineering, thePowell ofHealth, Foundation, the This hasbeenmadepossible by funding from theWhitaker Foundation, theNational activities andconductsengineeringresearch graduate program thatpromotes inno Graduate studentshave hadtheopportunity toobtainahighquality educationina the graduate studentbody. goals ofoureducationalprograms, andwecontinuetoseekexpandthediversityof has nowgrownto38%in2003.Diversity 1990-1999, anaverage were of26%thestudentsenrolled women,anumberthat we have seen animpressive growthin an expectednewclassof40inFall instudentpopulation, 2004.Alongwiththegrowth with atotalclasssize of76.Today, wehave acurrent of120studentswith enrollment By thetimewebecameadepartment in1994,wehad26enteringgraduate students atnoneotherthanUCSD. ofBioengineering Visiting Professor University ofVirginia.Afteradistinguished ton University. Dr. Engineeringatthe Jen-ShihLeebecametheChairofBiomedical Ph.D. atUCSD, Professor iscurrently post-doctoral student,Jen-Shih Lee.Dr. FrankYin,whosuccessfully received hisM.D./ tion. In thefirstyear oftheprogram, wehadonegraduate student,Frank Yinandone the MedicalSchool in1966,wehave seensteadygrowth ingraduate studentpopula- M.Eng. degree programs. Group aspartof SincetheinceptionofBioengineering receive educationalandresearch training inourPh.D., M.D./Ph.D., M.S., M.D./M.S. or Many have aspired tobepartofthisvibrant andultimately have institution goneonto continue tobeevidentintheirpersonalandprofessionalaccomplishments. ate studentsmayhave represented manysacri traveled usinthisjourneyofexcellence. with Althoughtheroadtosuccessfor gradu- thehardshaped without graduate workanddedicationofall studentsthathave atUCSDwouldnothavements. Inmanyrespects,thehistoryofBioengineering been students andtheircontinuouslyexpandinglist ofgroundbreaking academicachieve- In parallel with inthepopulation ofgraduate thisgrowth, hasbeensteadygrowth faculty,sustained growth ineducational opportunities, research, facilities andresources. atUCSD,Throughout thehistoryofBioengineering wehave seenimpressive and Director, StudentAffairs I Professor/Vice Chair A A J UCSD’ RENE NDREW H OURNEY D.M OM J S ACOBO B C C ULLOCH IOENGINEERING

OF E XCELLENCE thatUCSDwas pro- oneofthefirst Bioengineering and Chair ofand B vative teachingapproaches,fosters outreach the number of women students enrolled. From the numberofwomenstudentsenrolled. has alsoplayed animportantroleinthe career, heisnowretired andservesasa at thecutting edgeofBioengineering. fices, the fruits oftheirlaborhavefices, thefruits and G RADUATE iomedical EngineeringatWashing- numerous faculty research S TUDENTS : 23 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY grams to receive an NIH Training Grant, which has Fellowship, and the UC Biotechnology Research and supported students continually during the past twenty Education Program Fellowship. years. The training grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute currently supports 16 graduate Through the years, many students have graduated students. and pursued a wide array of professional careers. Including Dr. Frank Yin, over 150 Ph.D. degrees In recent years, Bioengineering graduate students have have been conferred since 1966. More than 80 M.S. contributed to the department’s overarching theme of degrees have been conferred since 1994 when the Integrative Bioengineering. In the new Powell-Focht program became a department, and over 30 Bioengineering Hall, focus areas of research in cell and M.Eng. degrees have been conferred since Fall 1999 tissue engineering, molecular biomechanics, systems when students were first admitted into the Master biology and bio-nanotechnology and instrumentation of Engineering program. have been reinforced with state-of-the-art core facilities and teaching laboratories. Through the years, graduate Many of our graduates have taken positions in students have been guided by faculty leadership in an universities, hospitals and academic research educational environment that promotes innovative institutes, biomedical, biotechnology and pharma- scientific discoveries at the interface of engineering and ceutical companies, the private business sector biomedical sciences that translate to industrial and including law and business management, and clinical applications for the benefit of humankind. federal and state government agencies. Some graduates have become chairs and professors of The Bioengineering Graduate Student Group, BEGS, was biomedical programs across the nation such as Dr. established by graduate students in the Fall of 1994 to Thomas Skalak, Professor and Chair of Biomedical coincide with the establishment of the new department. Engineering at the University of Virginia and Dr. BEGS has been instrumental in organizing Bioengineer- Karen-May Newman, Professor and Chair of the ing graduate students to communicate with industry, Mechanical Engineering Department at San Diego faculty, and new graduate students about student life State University. Also, Dr. Michael Yen, a professor and professional development issues. Most importantly, at Memphis State University, formerly chaired their it has allowed graduate students to contribute actively Biomedical Engineering Department. A significant to faculty governance, by providing valuable input and proportion of Ph.D. graduates have also furthered feedback on many departmental matters. One of their their studies by receiving postdoctoral training main events is the Annual Bioengineering Graduate positions for 6 months to 3 years before assuming a Research Symposium, in which graduate students career position. showcase their own innovative research to prospective and continuing students and guests from industry and As we move forth in our educational and research academia. The Bioengineering graduate students have training, we look forward to crossing paths with held 18th annual symposia, most recently in March 2004. graduate students who continue to travel in this journey of excellence. We also remember those Such innovative research has been recognized nationally graduate students who have passed away but are with a significant number of awards, such as, National remembered for their many contributions to this Science Foundation Fellowships, Whitaker Fellowships, excellent institution. All have shaped the foundation and other awards including the American Association of of the Bioengineering Graduate Program at UCSD, University Women, American Heart Association Pre- “Excellence in research, education, and public doctoral Fellowship, Arthritis Foundation Fellowship, service in bioengineering for the betterment Beckman Foundation Fellowship, National Consortium of health and quality of human life.” for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Engineering and Science, Inc. (GEM) Fellowship, GATES Millennium my footsteps. Ihadbeeninterviewing for Besides, because Icouldjokethata Nobellaureate followed trying torecruit. did notfeel [Iactually bad neuroendocrinology studies, andwhoUCSDwas Roger Guillemin,aNobel laureatein1977for his stuck hisheadin.Soon,my officebecamethatof Sam Yen, thenChairoftheReproductive Medicine, office with aviewof waving treetops untiloneday few doorsdown andreallyenjoyed an(carpeted) nonsense A-T-C-G withexcitement. LaterImoved a why Imumbledfrom timetostreams of trative assistantKaren, whomusthave wondered basis. Ifirstsharedtheoffice withArnost’s adminis- closebyonly Bioengineeringcolleagues onadaily In thoseyears, ArnostandKitty Fronekwere my in 1988,andbefore then,BenZweifach since1969. neering moved toEngineeringBuildingOne(EBU1) Geert Schmid-Schönbein hadbefore Bioengi- The labinBSB5025was theMicrocirculatoryLab engineering background. was alsointerestingasmany hadmechanical biology tobioengineeringgraduates studentsthen “Where wasAmy?” Myteachingofmolecular the 4.2 paperfor us,hehadbeenwondering visited RussDoolittle atCMG,whocommunicated of humanerythrocyteprotein 4.2, sobythetimeI writing thePPGgrant, andcompletingthecloning IwasInitially preoccupiedwithsetting upthelab, which Ijoinedasamemberin1989afterShu. cal Library, andonlyafew stepsaway from CMG, Ken Chien.BSBisimmediatelynexttotheBiomedi- Rosenfeld, Pamela FlossieWong-Staal Mellon, and well-known laboratories includingthat ofGeoff the years (1988-1996)Ineighbored several with set upaMolecularBioengineeringLabinBSB. Over space intheCenterofMolecularGenetics(CMG),I lab intheSchoolofMedicine.Notbeingabletoget and Surgeons) toUCSD, Irequestedthathehave a Chien moved fromColumbia(CollegeofPhysicians (BSB).Backin1988whenShu Science Building established in1994Iwas workingin theBasic wasWhen theDepartmentofBioengineering Associate Professor ofBioengineering L. A M OLECULAR MY S UNG B IOENGINEERING

IN ing” atUCSD. Itwent straight tome,as Iwas the addressed to“A Woman Professor inBioengineer- Professor.Bioengineering Theletterwas only career inBioengineeringand howIbecamea She wanted toknowwhatittakes todevelop a One day I received aletter from ahighschoolgirl. membrane mechanics. stand muchbetter themolecularbasis ofcelland small stepsalongtheway. Eventually weunder- journey Itook,withthousandsandof tionary recombinantDNAtechnologies,was along lar biology, advantages takingfull oftherevolu- ing. Integrating molecu- singlecellmechanicswith Sung, acolleagueinOrthopedicsandBioengineer- micropipette aspiration techniqueguidedbyPaul The mechanicalweakening was revealed bya mechanical testsonE-Tmod erythroblasts. null graduate studentCarlosVera conductedthe advised usinthetargeting vector andanalysis.My Chen, ajuniorfaculty intheSchoolofMedicine, MypostdocXinChudidmostofthework.Ju cells. geted disruptionofitsgeneinembryonic stem created the firstE-Tmod knockoutmiceby tar- characterized thefirsttropomodulingenesand During theyears inEBU1(1996-2002)my lab today andfor thatIamtrulygrateful. to earntheAward, Iwouldnothave beenhere work ofevery existingBioengineeringfaculty then Without theWhitakerFoundation andthesuperb has adualfunctionofresearch andteaching. Facility (MBCF)in6014for thedepartment,which 6037 butalsofor theMolecularBiologyCommon equipped them,notonlyfor myownresearch in I designedlaboratories inEBU1for renovation and recruited underthe Whitaker DevelopmentAward. the departmentin1998,became4thfaculty recruited whojoined in1994/5;SangeetaBhatia, Bernhard Palsson, myself, andJohnFrangos were Johns Hopkins.] a professorship withseveral universities including BSB, EBU1 AND PFBH 25 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY only (and the first) woman professor then in the which the lifespan of circulating erythrocytes may entire Bioengineering Department. I told her the be defined. For these hypotheses, Carlos Vera importance of having a solid foundation of math and worked on the junctional complex (JC) and Edgar science. I told her that bioengineering was a young Gutierrez the suspension complexes (SC) for their discipline that when I was doing my Ph.D. thesis on Ph.D. thesis. The addition of Ian Lian, Mike Tyler, the energies involved in cell-cell association and and Jeff Blatnik as graduate students and Paul dissociation, I was not aware of this discipline. I also Sche and Weijuan Yao as postdocs has allowed told her that I worked very hard for many years and I our research to expand. competed with male colleagues with my full strength to earn my position as a professor. She replied, so I have allowed myself to sink deeply into long did her teacher, telling me that she was selected to thinking process. Without it I would not have read the letter to her class, and thanking me for been able to propose the helix and ruler mecha- telling her my real story. nisms by which actin protofilaments of 37 nm may be generated. Without it, I would not have In December 2002 MBCF was relocated to PFBH and been able to propose the first 3-D mechanical renamed Biotech Core. As the Director, I draw model for JC, together with Carlos, to address a assistance from my own lab and other participating long-lasting mystery as to why the erythrocyte laboratories (14) to train new users and maintain membrane skeleton consists of “spoked” hexa- instruments. I have always acknowledged the gons. Whitaker Foundation and wish 40 some current users do the same in future grant applications and publica- As we celebrate the 10th anniversary of the tions. Department, I am very hopeful that Bioengineer- ing at UCSD would continue its 38 years of legacy My lab works on the molecular ruler that may meter on campus to flourish, and flourish in all possible off actin filaments, and the timing mechanism by ways. Department thathave beenapartofmy life for alloftheseyears. oftheextraordinaryneering, andamthankful toall peopleinthe I lookforward tocontinuingmy research andteachinginBioengi- have towaitneering genespassedontoour2boys, andsee. we’ll medical devicecompany. Isupposethere maybe some Bioengi- used hereducationtobecomeasuccessful engineeratalocal through Bioengineering.Shewas alsoaBioengineer major, and I was luckytohave metmy wife, MadonnaMaxwell,atUCSD Bioengineering. graduate studentexperiencewhilelearningtheprinciplesof helped metotailorthelecturesandlabsoptimize theunder- now wejustskipit!Mypersonalfamiliarity with thesecourseshas Fung andhisteaching,someofthematerialwas that sodifficult to explainthoseconceptsnowwhenIteach.With respecttoDr. was difficult for meandmy classmates, andItrytotakeextra time back towhenIwas intheclass.Iknowthatsomeofmaterial as anundergraduate student.Sometimes whenI’mteachingIthink students!) Ihave taughtseveral ofthecoursesthatI actuallytook Department, anenjoyable experiencefor me(andhopefully for the I have beengiven theopportunity toteachintheBioengineering with faculty andstudentsinBioengineeringMedicine. in cardiac mechanics, andIenjoyallofthecollaborations Ihave Medicine withajointappointmentinBioengineering.Myresearch is Bioengineering asanAdjunctFaculty MemberintheDepartmentof of Medicine,Ihave worked toward anindependentcareer in sor Fung.Afterapost-doctoral fellowship intheUCSDDepartment to getmy MastersandPhDdegrees undertheguidanceofProfes- Engineering SciencesDepartmentin1979.IcontinuedonatUCSD graduate BioengineeringstudentintheAppliedMechanicsand ofmymore lifetime: thanhalf ItallstartedwhenIwas anunder- After 25years, I’ve beeninvolved withBioengineeringatUCSDfor Medicine andBioengineering Associate AdjunctProfessor of J A L EFFREY IFETIME O MENS , P

H AT .D. UCSDB IOENGINEERING 27 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY A SOURCE OF INSPIRATION

ROBERT SAH, PH.D. Professor of Bioengineering

UCSD Bioengineering has been a constant source of inspiration for my research on Cartilage Tissue Engineering. One of the first challenges I was confronted with, when starting as a faculty member at UCSD in 1991 and arriving in La Jolla in July 1992, was choosing a name for my lab. At the time, Professor Chien was leading an effort to apply to the Whitaker Foundation for a Development Award on Tissue Engineering Science. In those days, the core faculty, Shu Chien, Dave Gough, Marcos Intaglietta, Andrew McCulloch, Geert Schmid-Schonbein, and Dick Skalak, together with emeritus faculty Bert Fung and Ben Zweifach, had deep discussions about both the science and engineering foundations for Tissue Engineering. I remember vividly the discussions we had in Engineering Building Unit I about Tissue Engineering, and hearing firsthand from Dick and Bert about the 1st workshop on Tissue Engineering (at Granlibakken, Lake Tahoe, California, February 26-29, 1988) where they and others defined the field, and then reading the proceedings of that seminal workshop [5]. It became clear that Tissue Engineering, as defined by Fung and Skalak at that meeting, was an exciting field--one that had broad scientific and engineering foundations, yet targeted in nature. UCSD’s applica- tion for a Development Award on Tissue Engineering Science was granted. Cartilage Tissue Engineering was the natural choice for the name of, and research direction for, my lab.

UCSD has provided a fertile environment for development of new ideas in Bioengineering, seeding me with ideas since my startup days as a faculty member. Articular cartilage has remarkable biomechanical properties, and the complexity of these properties and their dependence on cartilage composition and structure continues to present challenges. The ideas for my Biomedical Engineering Research Grant, Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Microscopic Imaging for Electromechanical Analysis (1993-1996) from the Whitaker Foundation, came in part from inspirations at UCSD. I remember becoming acquainted with the classic works of Marcos Intaglietta on video dimensional imaging methods to measure deformation of soft tissues [6], as well as those of Profs. Omens and McCulloch on tracking beads implanted in the heart wall [2]. With our interest in cellularity in cartilage and DNA-binding dyes, it became clear that cell nuclei, tagged with a fluorophore, could be used as intrinsic “beads” within cartilage, and video imaging and analysis methods could be used to measure intra-tissue displacement and to deduce tissue-level strain. The grant from the Whitaker Foundation allowed us to purchase equipment and develop specialized instrumentation for making such measurements. My first PhD student, Rob Schinagl, was able to develop this method and apply it to define at a new contributions that undergraduate studentshave made after presentation.Iremember thetremendous being treatedtouniformly outstandingpresentation faculty memberon aweekend oftheSymposium, and remember beingabletovisit UCSDasaprospective hi-lights oftheyear for atUCSD. Bioengineering I the BioengineeringGraduate Studentsisone ofthe industry. TheannualResearch Symposium putonby many studentswith experiencesinBioengineering ing IndustrialInternshipprogram atUCSDprovided Whitaker Foundation sponsorshipof the Bioengineer- engaging inresearchorindustryexperiences.The classes, UCSDstudentsare eagerandeffective when In additiontotakinganactive roleinlearning quick toembrace and challenges. newopportunities neering atUCSDareremarkable. Thesestudentsare The undergraduate andgraduate studentsinBioengi- and tohelpsupporttrainees toattendmeetings. to train graduate studentsandpost-doctoral fellows, ing hasalsomadesubstantialregularcommitments personal friendships. TheDepartmentofBioengineer- senior investigators todiscussideasanddevelop astraineesment, especially interactedwithmore at bothofthesemeetingswereabuzzwithexcite- were wellspent.Thepostersessionsandreceptions young faculty toattend themeeting.Ithinkfunds tion tooffer travel awards toencourage trainees and apply andreceive funding fromtheWhitaker Founda- itwasBioengineering), sogratifying tobeable search Conference onMusculoskeletal Biology& Tissue EngineeringMeetingand2004GordonRe- the organizingendofmeetings(2003California concepts arecommunicated.More recently, beingon ence theexcitement ofmeetingsatwhichnew make it possiblefor trainees atalllevels toexperi- Foundation toattendmeetings.Thesetypes offunds fortunate toreceive travel fundsfrom theWhitaker post-doctoral fellows,workinginmy labhave been Many undergraduate andgraduate students,and a source ofsupportfortrainees toattend meetings. neering education.TheWhitaker Foundation hasbeen have engagedinasynergistic partnershipinBioengi- andtheWhitakerUCSD Bioengineering Foundation cartilage, andofthecalcifiedregion ofcartilage. superficial, middle,anddeepzones ofuncalcified lamina splendensatthearticularsurface, ofthe the biomechanicalpropertiesofcartilage—of the models ofcartilage[1]andourcontinuinginterestsin Rob’s workhasledtomorerealistic biomechanical properties ofthesuperficialzonecartilage[3,4]. articular cartilageandtheremarkableconforming level ofdetailsomethebiomechanicalproperties of .YinFC,Tompkins WR,Peterson KL,Intaglietta 6. SkalakR,Fox CF, ed.Tissue Engineering: 5. SchinaglRM,TingMK,PriceJH,SahRL:Video 4. SchinaglRM,GurskisD, ChenAC,SahRL: 3. KD, OmensJH,May AD:Transmural McCulloch 2. WC,SchinaglRM,SahRL: ChenAC,Bae 1. forward thefrontiers atUCSD. ofBioengineering forward tomanymore decadesofpushing prevention, andtreatmentofdisease.Ilook toimproveof Bioengineering, thediagnosis, in synergistic interactions toadvance thefrontiers faculty inUCSDBioengineeringworkharmony fellows, researchstaff, administrative staff, and both professionally andpersonally. Thestudents, has created suchanoutstandingenvironment, I marvel andtreasure howUCSDBioengineering decades tocome. translational activitiesofthebuilding formany from theintegrated research, educational,and neering Hall.Studentsandfaculty benefit will wonderful newfacilitiesinPowell-Focht Bioengi- Students, andfaculty, have enjoyed utilizingthe 2003 California TissueEngineeringMeeting. Students worked soeffectively toorganizethe Bioengineering Undergraduate andGraduate to ourresearchefforts. Iamamazed athow Biomed Eng19:376-81,1972. Biomed M: Avideo-dimensionanalyxer. IEEETrans 343. biology,cellular Vol. 107. 1988,Liss:NewYork. 26-29, 1988.UCLA symposiaonmolecularand Granlibakken, LakeTahoe, California, February ofaworkshopheldat proceedings 24:500-512, 1996. Eng during confinedcompression.AnnBiomed strainequilibrium withinarticularcartilage theinhomogeneous microscopy toquantitate cartilage. JOrthopRes 15:499-506,1997. modulus offull-thicknessbovinearticular Depth-dependent confinedcompression Physiol 261:H918-H928,1991. canineleftventricle.isolated arrested AmJ distribution ofthree-dimensionalstrain inthe 34:1-12,2001. sion. JBiomech articularcartilageinconfinedcompres- bovine electromechanical properties offull-thickness Depth- andstrain-dependentmechanical 29 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY O N THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING

BERNHARD PALSSON, PH.D. tive research program in my laboratory today. Many of Professor of Bioengineering the ideas that we are working on were formulated while in Denmark following thorough thinking about Ten years ago, at the University of Michigan, I knew the impact of genomics. Taking well timed and placed nearly nothing about UCSD and its Bioengineering sabbaticals is recommended. Program. As our conversations progressed, my personal interests grew. I ended up joining the Following my return to UCSD in fall 1996, I started to Bioengineering Department in fall 1995 as one of the build my research group. When I spoke at the annual recruitments enabled by the Whitaker Foundation meeting of the NAE in fall 1997, I outlined what I Development Award. While my move to UCSD was thought was a cutting edge issue in Bioengineering, enabled by the Development Award, it was the i.e., the reconstruction, simulation, and eventual design leadership of Shu Chien and Bob Conn that played a of what I called “genetic circuits;” i.e., multiple gene key role in my decision. Although space and financial products have to come together, function in a coordi- resources would be much smaller at UCSD than what nated manner according to some predetermined I enjoyed at Michigan, I decided that the human ‘script’ to produce cellular functions. Today’s popular resources and growth potential that the new UCSD term “systems biology” is essentially synonymous with Bioengineering Department offered were overriding the “genetic circuits”. factors. History has proved my judgment to be correct. I have continued to thoroughly admire my The gene circuit idea was articulated in a commentary colleagues at UCSD and fully enjoy my interactions in Nature Biotechnology in January 1997. In fall 1997, with them and the outstanding students in the I circulated a document to the Department and JSOE Department. to develop a “Center” or “Program” on genetic circuits, which had most of the elements of what we now I took a Fulbright leave in Denmark in the first half of recognize as Systems Biology and Bioengineering. 1996. This proved to be time well spent intellectually and conceptually. The ideas and priorities that I At the BECON meeting at the NIH in February 1998, developed there have formed the basis for my re- one of the participants at the discussion panel I ran search and educational activities at UCSD. One of was Shankar Subramaniam. He proved to be the most them was the first outline to a tissue engineering productive member of this panel and insisted that we course. This triggered the writing of the Tissue write the summary of the discussion and formulate the Engineering book that I was fortunate to be able to recommendation right there and then following the write with a much admired colleague, Sangeeta conclusion of our deliberations—which we did. Or Bhatia. We dedicated this book to Bert Fung and Ed which he did, I should say. I was impressed by his Lightfoot, members of the “greatest generation” that vision, determination and eagerness to move the have inspired so many by their leadership and integ- development of bioengineering forward. I thought that rity. Bert was one of the founders of the UCSD UCSD should pursue him as a faculty member, which Bioengineering Program and has stood tall as a we did and fortunately successively so. Shankar’s symbol of academic and educational leadership and move nucleated the formation of Bioinformatics achievement that the rest of us can only dream of program at UCSD. achieving. Around this time I worked with you and Andrew The first full genome-sequence was published in McCulloch on an application for the Whitaker Founda- summer 1995. Having worked on in silico models of tion Leadership Award that culminated in a vision for cells, I immediately realized the impact that such the department that consisted of three key elements; information would have on building computer models biomechanics, tissue engineering, and genetic circuits. of whole cells and how they would drive biological I thoroughly enjoyed this process and was very discovery. Opening the issue of Science where the pleased to work intimately with the two of you and the paper was published was a defining moment in my rest of our faculty on this proposal. I felt the vision, career and led to the generation of the very produc- the energy, the determination, the collegiality and the support thatIhave been sofortunate toenjoy. wayto repayinsomesmall thesefavors all and hope thatthroughmy efforts thatIhave beenable provided meandthedepartmentwith.Ionly Foundation forallthesupportthattheyhave pleasure andtothe Whitaker ofworkingwith, the outstandingstudentsthatIhave hadthe environmentproviding anintellectual parnone,to the opportunity tocomehere,thefaculty for I amthankful toyou Connforgivingme andBob enabled metogrowasaresearcher andeducator. enjoyed, andhadtheenvironmentthathas people thatIadmire,whosecollegiality Ihave ing one.Ihave hadthechancetoworkwith reward-cally productiveone,andaneducationally Department hasbeenapleasantone,scientifi- inall,mystayatUCSDtheBioengineering All kind intheworld. –thefirstofits tems BiologyandBioengineering implemented athree-quartersequenceonSys- aneducationalprogram.build 2003we Infall Huang andTrey Ideker, givingusthenucleusto andBioengineering.JeffHasty,Biology Xiaohua promising young faculty membersinSystems we were successful inrecruitingthree talentedand After asomewhatslowperiodin2000and2001, ing inmoreways thanheknows. bioengineering. Marcoshasinfluencedmythink- strengths neededtodevelop systemsbiologyand received andhelpedmetodefinetheengineering ing’ componentoftheeffort. Thetalkwas well department seminartoemphasizethe‘engineer- metogivetheme. MarcosIntaglietta challenged a lar biology, alongthelinesof‘geneticscircuits’ integrative orsystemsanalysisincellandmolecu- program, wecontinued thedevelopment of Following theestablishmentofBioinformatics in thehistoryofourDepartment. new buildinginearly2003wasamajormilestone Hall.TheeventualBioengineering move tothe fruits ofyour laborevery dayinthePowell-Focht oned byyou, wassuccessful andwenowenjoythe to none.Arevisedversion oftheproposal,champi- human resources ofourDepartmentweresecond re-confirmedmy thatthe process, andit belief academic quality ofourfaculty throughthis Adjunct Professor ofMedicine Professor ofBioengineering, S Happy 10thBirthday UCSDBioengineering! Happy whomI’veeveryone interacted. with legacy. I’ve learnedsomethingfrom eachand department is,inmy opinion,itsbiggestassetand group ofindividuals.Thehuman capitalofour dinary group warm, ofpeople.Acollegial, brilliant Colleagues, students,andstaff: What anextraor- textbook, firsthoodingofdoctoral students. San DiegoGirlScouts,firsttenure,baby, first paper asseniorauthor, firstclass,outreachto offirsts:firstlab,A collection firstgrant, first thanks toarolemodelandmentor. sharing hislove oflife and family. My heartfelt always feeling like Ihadatrueadvocate, and ally innovate inresearch, gettingcareeradviceand respectingof Bioengineering, hisability tocontinu- commitment bothtothedepartmentandfield ing building,admiringhisboundlessenergyand to culminateintheconstructionofaBioengineer- watching himartfully gatherpeopleandresources recruitedShu Chien:Being underhisleadership, of serviceareinspirational. him asacolleague.Hisgrace, andspirit intellect, name andresemblance. Whataprivilegetohave and hisleadership, winningamedal that bearshis Medal ofScience,dedicatingatextbooktohim student tenyears later, celebrating hisPresidential meeting himfor thefirsttimeasagraduate Y.C. Fung:Reading hisbookasanundergraduate, celebrates its10thbirthday: tion ofmy memoriesofthedepartmentasit promising value for isacollec- excellence.Below opportunities, anextendedfamily, andanuncom- scientist, UCSDBioengineeringprovided unbound As theplacethatI‘grewup’asanindependent A P ANGEETA LACE B HATIA

TO , M.D., P , G ROW H .D. 31 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY P USHING AHEAD AND S TILL LEARNING

GARY A. HUBER, PH.D. Assistant Professor of Bioengineering

Often, I jokingly tell my students that I know a lot about engineering and very little about biology. Like several of the other professors, I come from a chemical engineering background (along with a healthy dose of computer science); I first became aquainted with this department while a post-doc in the UCSD Chemistry department. At the time, the department was aiming to continue the tradition of biomechanics established by Prof. Fung, while putting a new emphasis on molecular- level phenomena. I was extremely fortunate to be invited to walk across campus and give a seminar, but I didn't even know until two days before the talk that I was also being interviewed for a faculty position (al- though I had sent a CV).

To my even greater surprise, they eventually offered me a position. Since then, my group and I have been developing computer algorithms to simulate molecules at the atomic level and to use that information to predict and understand mechanical properties of larger structures composed of many molecules. Like many new professors, I thought I already knew quite a bit, but in many ways my first day here was like the first day of kindergarten, as I learned about the fascinating variety of research carried out by my colleagues and stayed a step ahead of the students while teaching new courses.

The first big strength of this department, in my experi- ence, is the freedom to pursue novel and unusual approaches to research, which is vital in a rapidly growing and chang- ing field like bioengineering. The other big strength is presence of faculty, staff, and students from a wide variety of backgrounds; there is no "standard issue" grad student such as one might see in other depart- ments. As someone from a background different from bioengineering, I am truly blessed to have been given an opportunity to contribute to the future of such an important field. istrative andsupportstaff”. academic appointees,andthevery effective admin- congratulate itsfounding members-boththe At thetimeofits10thAnniversary, Isincerely very fortunate tobeamemberofthisDepartment. rapidly-growing Iam discipline ofBioengineering. this Departmentevolves andcontinues toleadthe required majornewdevelopments andchangesas plishments willcontinuetobesoundbasisfor the the Departmentgive confidence that pastaccom- undergraduate andgraduate studenttraining within multidisciplinary integrative research andboth strengths, andthewell-focused commongoalsfor Students andPostdoctoral Associates.Traditional members, andatrulyremarkable cadre ofGraduate complemented withvery impressive juniorfaculty internationally-recognized seniorinvestigators Diego. ThisDepartmentnowconsistsofagroup of “I have thoroughlyenjoyed my firstyear inSan Dr. Gileswrites: cal modeling) approaches. tal (channelbiophysics) andtheoretical (mathemati- tion ofthemammalianheartusingbothexperimen- who studiesthebasisfor excitability andrepolariza- Medicine. Dr. GilesisaCardiacElectrophysiologist and isalsoamemberoftheInstitutefor Molecular andMedicine the DepartmentsofBioengineering seven monthsago. Heholdscross appointmentsin Dr. Wayne Gilesarrived atUCSDapproximately Professor ofBioengineering W 10 AYNE TH G A ILES NNIVERSARY , P H .D. C ELEBRATION waiting for. are betrulysomething worth any indicationwill better inthenexttenyears, whichifitsfirstten witness howthedepartment willchangefor the engineering. Itwillbeatruepleasureto systems biology, tonanotechnology, totissue department’s future andwhere itisgoing, from a lotofthoughthasbeenputtowards the and continuouslyevolve. SinceIhave been here remain soithastoconstantlyre-defineitself academic departmenttobeoneofthebestand forward thinkingthedepartmentis.For an time Ihave beenhere it hasstruckme how in November ofthatsameyear. Intheshort startedasafacultyand doneofficially member January of2003,andaftereverythingwas said forinvited an interview andtogive atalkin research. Muchtomy surpriseanddelightIwas department’s statureandthequality oftheir ber of2002Iwasfully aware ofthe in.) So, whenIsentinmy applicationinNovem- thetwoareas Ihaddonemyposition, doctorate andOphthalmologyfacultyBioengineering of theadvertised positionswas for ajoint (In my caseitwas particularlyenticingsinceone faculty andopenlyinviting individualstoapply. country actively expandingtheirnumberofcore most highlyrespected departmentsinthe my chanceswere.Here was literally oneofthe ing atUCSD, regardlessofhowsmallIthought faculty searchintheDepartmentofBioengineer- send inanapplicationresponsetoopen for faculty positionsitwas impossiblenotto within thelastfew years. WhenIwas searching the department)whojoineddepartment relation tothetotalnumberoffaculty already in of arecent rather large group offaculty (in in theDepartmentofBioengineering.Iwas one become thenewesttenuretrack faculty member In November of2003Ihadtheprivilegeto and Ophthalmology Assistant Professor of Bioengineering G L ABRIEL OOKING A.S T ILVA OWARDS , M.S C ., P

THE H .D. F UTURE 33 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY B IOENGINEERING AT UCSD MY EARLY BSB DAYS (1969-1971)

PETER C.Y. CHEN, PH.D. Project Scientist, Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego to do everyone chipped and offered advice. Bioengi- neering has just moved over from Urey Hall and I came to UCSD in the Fall of 1968 after graduating occupied one wing on the fifth floor of the Basis from high school in Hong Kong. There were 1,700 Science Building. Next to Dr. Fung’s biomechanics lab students including 500 graduate students on this was Dr. Zweifach’s microcirculation lab, then it was Dr. relatively new campus. I enrolled in Revelle College Fronek’s cardiovascular lab and Dr. Intaglietta’s lab which boasted of a 7 to 1 male to female ratio. Trying involving the development of instruments and animal to figure out what to major in I went to the provost models for microcirculation research. At the end of the office and talked with Paul Saltman’s lovely assistant hall was Dr. Bailey’s Radiology lab. He was from the Nancy. She suggested I should contact Dr. Zweifach Medical School. Since there were not too many regarding the new Bioengineering major. I went up to people in the department and everyone was right the 5th floor of the new Basic Science Building and the next to each other we had plenty of opportunities to first person I met in the department was Perne Whaley. interact academically and socially. Bioengineering was With great difficulty I tried to pronounce Dr. Zweifach’s one big happy family. name. Perne smiled and gently said, “Dr. Zweifach is not in but there is a Dr. Fung in the next office and he I continued to work for Dr. Fung after the summer is just as nice.” Now I have no problem with that last session. This time I was sitting in his secretary’s office name. Soon after I realized Dr. Intaglietta is a co- with Barbara Johnson. My task was to help Tong Ling founder of the department. That would have been run computer programs. This was 1970 and programs impossible to pronounce. Dr. Fung was busy then were entered with punch cards. Tong Ling would give because while explaining what was required with the me an equation to program and I would present the Bioengineering major he was thumbing and glancing results to Dr. Fung. Computed output consisted of through manuscripts. At the end I asked if it would be pages and pages of numbers with no graphics. One easy to find a job with this major. To this question Dr. time Dr. Fung took a cursory glance at a printout and Fung put down his documents, ‘laughed’, and said, “If told me the answer was wrong. I am still amazed at you are the best in your field, there is no problem how Dr. Fung can transform a sea of numbers into a finding a job.” picture.

The undergraduate Bioengineering curriculum at that When I was about to graduate Dr. Fung encouraged time consisted of courses in math, continuum mechan- me to obtain a Ph.D. degree at UCSD and I have been ics, fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, thermodynamics, working in the department since, meeting many new and a chemistry and biology sequence. At the end of friends, getting involved in moving twice to new the second year I got a summer job in Dr. Fung’s lab. I buildings and seeing the department grow by leaps was given the task of designing a device for two and bounds to become the recognized leader in the dimensional stress strain tests on dog mesentery. The field today. first day I walked into the lab I was blocked by a seemingly intimidating huge figure sitting with his back We are celebrating the department’s 10th anniversary against the door. This was no other than Gene Mead, on this occasion but Bioengineering at UCSD has close Dr. Fung’s most innovative and unusual engineer, and to a 40 year history in the pioneering efforts to define we became best friends in the years to come. There this field and setting examples and standards for were a few graduate students working busily away, others to follow. We can attribute the success to the Frank Yin, Evan Evans, John Pinto, Hyland Chen and visionary leadership of the founders, the earnest Mike Yen. Dr. Fung did not have a big lab but everyone collaboration from our excellent faculty, the dedicated has his own area. Graduate students worked mighty support of the research and administrative staff, the long hours those days because John would sleep in the ever motivated students, and the strong backing from lab while experiments were running and Hyland would communities. Together, UCSD Bioengineering will stay come in at wee hours of the night to check on his at her peak and maintain the one big happy family specimen. When they found out what I was supposed image. A G THE placefor bioengineeringresearch. bioengineers toward theschoolwhichproved tobe UCSD, Ilookforward tohelpingguideeagerfuture comes tomove ontonewendeavors outsideof field andanactive studentbody. Whentheday to thebestfacilities, interaction withleadersinthe me tobroadenmy graduate experiencewithaccess department hasprovided wonderfulopportunities for been oneofmy mostrewarding decisions.The apply there formy PhD training. ComingtoUCSDhas satisfied alumofUCSD, heoftenencouraged meto Engineering.Beingaverydegree inBiomedical mentor, Dr. ShuLiu,whenIwas getting myMaster’s alwaysI will appreciatetheadviceofmy former Whitaker InstituteofBiomedicalEngineering Department ofBioengineering& Postdoctoral Fellow, R OLAND OOD K AUNAS D , P ECISION H .D. given by Dr. Amy Sungaboutthe erythrocyte membrane and theresearchenvir was very happy with theclasses,excellent teachers, inFallFinally of1996,Istartedmy graduate studies!I my previous worktopay for the firstquarteratUCSD. valuable belongings,andusedthemoneyIsaved from wait for anotheryear, asaleof my soIorganized a way toobtainthemoneyrequired. Idecided notto waitinguntilthenextyear,the optionofeither orfinding unfortunately didnotgetthefellowship thatyear. Ihad and Technology Iapplied Council but (CONACYT). apply for afellowship from theMexicanNationalScience sor, Dr. Herecommended MarcosIntaglietta. meto thedepartmenthas aSpanish-speakingprofes- luckily weekends. Icontinuedtolookfor financialsupportsand offered mepart-time workduringtheevenings and and Alfredo AntonioRosquillas Escobedotogetherwith 21Kforthelivingexpenses, Armando Muñozdeposited the firstyear!To my fortune,Ihadalotofgoodfriends: having atleast$21,000for theliving expensesjustfor and fees asaninternationalstudent,andtheproofs of for to pay the$13,250tuition part…the moneyrequired studies inbioengineering,butthere was amissing I thoughtthatwas my ready toinitiate graduate my M.D. degree. finished aspecializationcertificateinmathematicsand and10yearsfollowed hisrecommendation later, I México andtoimprove my I computationalskills. Dr. recommendedmetostudymedicinein Barroso have abetter inbiologyandmathematics. background ofthebiologicalsystemsandneedto the complexity hemorrhagic shock.Duringtheexperiments,Irealized researcher atDr. Schmid-Schoenbein’s laboratory, in volunteer withDr. JorgeBarroso, apostgraduate México. Duringthatsummer, Iwas workingasa 1985 afterfinishingmy electricalengineeringstudiesin I firsttriedtogetintothebioengineeringprogram in Campus Tijuana,Mexico Universidad Autonoma deBajaCalifornia, Professor ofMedicine, UCSD Department ofBioengineering, Postgraduate Researcher, C 166K M ARLOS J.V ERA ILES , M.D.,P onment. Afteraninspiringlecture A WAY H .D. 35 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY skeleton, I decided to join the Molecular Bioengineering least 2,080 times and have driven 166K miles in these Lab, here I started to learn the techniques of molecular years!). As I drove, I visualized the intense contrast biology. As confirmed later during my training in the between two different countries and cultures. From use of the micropipette system by Dr. Paul Sung, the colonias in Tijuana to the clean and luxurious patience is a key component in performing many of the streets of La Jolla; from a Mexican university with biomedical experiments. incipient research to a world renowned research university, which is further surrounded by some of the The sudden sickness of my mother and the lack of most prestigious biomedical research institutes in the financial funds, forced me to apply for a leave of world. There are some evident differences between absence in Spring 1997. My mother always encouraged the two countries, but there are some common issues me to follow my dreams and helped me uncondition- too. ally; it was my turn to take care of her. Even in the illness, my mother encouraged me to continue my As part of my UCMEXUS-CONACYT fellowship require- graduate studies. During that summer, I came back to ments, I have to teach Molecular and Cell Biology conduct research in Dr. Sung’s lab. Without the money class and lab to first year medical students in Tijuana. then to continue my studies, I was sure that it would This activity, instead of being a burden of extra works, be my last quarter as student at UCSD. But another happens to be an invaluable opportunity. Every unknown friend was waiting on the road! Thanks to the morning in the classroom, I tried to motivate my generosity of Dr. Shu Chien and the request of Dr. Amy students to study harder and deeply. They are as Sung, I received the McNally Endowed Bioengineering smart as medical students in USA, and even though Fellowship. One year later, finally I got the long desired they don’t have well equipped labs or top researchers UCMEXUS-CONACYT fellowship. as teachers, they have the dedication and will to be good medical doctors. In both sides of the border, I always have a great time in the lab! Together with Dr. there are a lot of good and intelligent people working Amy Sung, we spent many long hours, thinking and hard to follow their dreams and to contribute to the learning some of the secrets inside the structure of the human welfare; the only difference is the resources erythrocyte membrane skeleton. The departmental available to each of them. seminars are an excellent source of inspiration. In one of those seminars, we met Dr. Robert Skelton from UCSD is a unique place to do science, research MAE Department and his amazing tensegrity models facilities have cutting edge technology and equipment which resemble many biological structures. Together but more importantly, expertise and unique human with Dr. Bossens and Dr. de Oliveira from Skelton’s Lab, resources are always available. In the Department of we developed mathematical models of the junctional Bioengineering, you can find expert opinions to help complex in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton to you design your experiments or solve any problem analyze its nanomechanics. Now, we are developing during your research. The quality of the research more complex models, trying to understand more performed in our department really supports the deeply the erythrocyte network dynamics, which will statement that “We are creating the future”. have potential implications in membrane transport, mechanotransduction and nanotechnology. I am a fortunate man, with the generosity of many known and unknown friends and the support of my Since my days as a graduate student, I have com- family, specially my wife Patricia, I was able to realize muted every day from my home in Tijuana to UCSD (I my dreams. I have the moral obligation to help others have crossed the San Ysidro international border at to reach theirs. year. Myoffice moved was from ChemistryResearch as wellfor otherbioengineers inUCSDevery lab. Thingsare obviouslygetting better for ourlab came toworkatnightavoid the“traffic” inthe In fact, ifIremember correctly, Kurt Lin purposely limited spaceinBSB, tosharebenches. peoplehad associate SuliYuan. very Becausehad weonly Mohammad Sotoudeh, Pin-PinHsu,andresearch Steve Wu, studentsSongLi,Kurt Lin,ShilaJalali, people inthelab, Drs.JohnShyy, included Julie Li, were located; theotherone Dr.Usami, Yingli Hu, andJerryNorwich Shunichi places for Dr. Chien’s laboratory: oneinEBU1where join Dr. ShuChien’s laboratory. There weretwo After oneyear ofintensivecoursework,Idecidedto which Iamcurrently workingon. theworldofmechanobiology me for reallyopened covered. Finally, IgotanA- for thisclassandit class, Ihadtoread allthechapterswhich were taught inChinese.Therefore, before each difficulty inunderstanding many termseven ifthey biology classessincehighschoolandIwouldhave quarter); and2,Ihadnotany chemistryor (we hadtofinishtheheavy textbookwithin one good enoughtokeep upwiththespeedofclass think there are tworeasons: 1,My English was not hardest classthatIhadever had.In retrospect, I year bioengineering graduate students.Itwas the Sung co-instructed,acorecoursefor allthefirst Molecular Biology, whichDrs.Amy SungandPaul department. Heserved astheinstructorfor Celland In 1996,Dr. ShuChienwas thechairof if Ihadnotbeenaccepted by UCSD. sometimes Istill wonderwhatmy lifewouldbelike most Chinesefamilies, includingmine.Even today, and fees ofUCSDisway beyond thecapability of China was notasdeveloped, therefore thetuition crucial for metojointhedepartment.At thattime, support from thedepartment.Thefinancialaidis program inUCSDandwas provided financial lucky togetadmitted intobioengineeringgraduate simulation ofcardiovascular fluiddynamics,Iwas volves thecomputational of my Master’s thesisin my majorwas influidmechanics.Because thestudy Before IcametoUCSDfor my Ph.D. studyin1996, Department ofBioengineering Post-graduate Researcher, Y A D INGXIAO ECADE W ANG

, P OF H E .D. XCELLENCE in BSB where the would be ! and tobenefitthehumanwell-being. biology andmedicine advance ourknowledge in willcontinuetoleadand that the Department Department ofBioengineering andweareconfident celebrate for the adecadeofexcellence most recent USNews in theworld, consistently recognized asoneofthetopprograms research department andeducation.The lead thecommunity ininterdisciplinary integrative continuestogrowand statistics, theDepartment biology, medicine,physics, mathematics,and in UCSD. Embracing theprinciplesofengineering, Department the development oftheBioengineering The evolvement ofourlaboratory isaminiature of mechanotransduction. clear andcomprehensive understandingof study. Stepbystep, wearegetting closertohave a biochemical signals.Thisisthefocus ofmy current physical distortionsandtransmit theminto the detailed mechanismbywhichcellssensethe members inthelab, Iamvery interested toknow flow-induced signalingtransduction. Like other form awell-organized hierarchy inregulatingthe receptors donotfunction inisolation.Rather, they continued thisstudyandrevealed thatthese in thismechanotransduction action.Mywork and receptor tyrosine kinaseVEGFR2are involved was clearthatbothmembrane receptors integrins expression ofRas andtheactivation ofMAPK.It mechanism bywhichflowregulates thegene Chien’s labhasinvestigated themolecular focus for my Ph.D. study. Before my joining,Dr. this topicandchosemechanotransduction asthe in response toshearstress. Iwas alsothrilledby pioneering fieldtostudythesignalingtransduction When IfirstjoinedDr. Chien’s lab, itwas a research schedule. her ownbenchandthere isno needtofollow Kurt’s brand-new home.Nowalmosteverybody hashis/ ready for thedepartmentandwehave had a SERF. Thenin extended itslabspaceandestablished abranch in Building to the and it is and it December SERF building. Ourlabalso ranked 2 survey.Today, we are here to 2002, thenewPFBHwas nd nationallyinthe has been 37 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY S EA CHANGES MOVE ON SEA BREEZES

THOMAS C. SKALAK, PH.D. Professor and Chair, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia

U.C.S.D. – the name itself conjures up a picture of leadership in modern bioengineering. The institution has made a reputation for moving rapidly into new directions in the sciences and engineering overall, but particularly in the integration of biosciences with engineering approaches. In bioengineering, it all started with a forward-thinking group of scientists and engineers who were able to imagine the future of a new global discipline and act on it personally. Y.C. Fung, Ben Zweifach, and Marcos Intaglietta were among the pioneers who converged on a relatively undeveloped region of land above the La Jolla beaches to form the U.C.S.D. bioengineering program as a part of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences. Certainly, a large part of the institutional culture was created by these role models, who had the judgment not to be overly concerned about the appellation that the program carried, but rather to join together to produce significant bodies of work in quantitative cell and tissue function. The culture has served well, as the Department of Bioengineering was formed 10 years ago, in a formalization that was important, yet, in a way, was swept along by the force of the intellectual vision of the founders and the new faculty leaders who have since created equally compelling new visions reflecting the state of bioengineer- ing today.

When I was there in 1979-1986 as a doctoral student and as a post-doctoral fellow, one main emphasis was on the fusion of applied mechanics with the study of cardiovascular function. I was fortunate to be able to study simultaneously with Geert Schmid-Schönbein, Ben Zweifach, Y.C. Fung, Arnost and Kitty Fronek, Sid Sobin, and Marcos Intaglietta among others who were focusing on the microcirculation at that time. Dave Gough was just achieving the early exciting measurements of glucose oxidase- based glucose sensor stability for long-term implantation. Savio Woo and Alan Hargens offered tremendous programs in muscu- loskeletal tissue function. Gene Mead, Paul Pattituci, Peter Chen, Frank DeLano, and Steve Kovalcheck were key technical leaders on the staff. Many students there at the time remain great friends, including Erik Engelson, Thay Lee, Jeff Omens, Scott Simon, Don Sutton, Patricia Conway, Fred Fields, Paul Zupkas, Tadashi Tamura, Taka Nakagawa, Steve Jones, Michelle Mazzoni, Amy Tsai and many others. All of these people were guideposts and partners in my learning and development, and I am grateful for the experience of being part of the U.C.S.D. program. leadership of a renownedmedicaldevice assembly putting itbacktogether–which paidoff inhislater constantly dis-assemblinghis motorcycle engineand considered SanDiegotobe. ErikEngelsonwas usto thriveallowed inthatpristine paradise,aswe On thepersonalside,there weremany diversions that work, andforthepowerofideas. thefaculty anappreciationforall instilled creative and constantthirstfor reading.Eachintheirownway, Dr. Zweifach inspired hiscommandof thefield uswith – butalsodrove usto ask completelynewquestions. any phenomenon thatwemightbringtohisattention was readywithacompleteexplanationfor essentially was constantlyavailable tohisstudents,andofcourse, onlyaspire to.something mostofuscanstill Geert ultimate rolemodelfor beingincisive andclear, Compute thechangeinentropy. Dr. Funggave usthe – inapproximate form: Ducksflysouthforthewinter. which etchedafinalexamproblemforever inmy mind graduate courseonnon-equilibrium thermodynamics, never forget thedidacticpowerofMarcos Intaglietta’s Pier.to theoriginalScripps Andofcourse,Icould Institut Zweifach, andFrank White–whowasatScripps thinking andcareer, includingGeert, Y.C. Fung,Ben doctoral committee had formative influencesonmy here, Iwouldjustsay thateachmemberofmy notmentionscientificdetails structure, andwhileIwill My workwas inmicrovascular hemodynamicsand U.C.S.D. andfor various nationalmeetings. formal group seminarstotheBioengineering at to mebeablereturnonseveral occasionstogive been agreatpleasure.Ithas satisfaction more reasontocontinuevisitingfrequently, whichhas parents moved toSanDiegoin1988,thenIhadeven great partsoftheoverall socialfabric. Whenmy andtheyarenow ofcourseMrs.Chien,verywell, Zweifach, Mrs.Fung,Renate Schmid-S was createdbythepeoplethere. Mrs. Iremember experience wasthesenseofculture andfamilythat Another keypartoftheSanDiegobioengineering ion ofOceanography – in theoldbuilding next chönbein, and Best wishesforthenext10 years!Best of U.C.S.D. bioengineering. outset -isatributetothepeople andtheculture areas ofsciencethatwere not anticipatedatthe maintain suchleadershipover time-eveninto ofbioengineering.Tochanges inthediscipline neering demonstrate this well.Thesearesea move toleadincomputational systemsbioengi- dynamics helpedtomakeit aleader, andnowthe cal characterization oftissuesandmicrovascular leader inthediscipline.Originally, thebiomechani- U.C.S.D. was andremainsapremierprogrammatic fieldtoday,the nationinthiswell-developed therearethoughtleaderslocatedaroundWhile reality. ShuChienformakingthisvisiona and especially complex andDepartment.Congratulationstoall blossomed intoabeautiful bioengineeringbuilding 5thfloor. ScienceBuilding, the Basic Nowthathas the researchlabsandmindsofpeoplein centerwas –theintellectual mindatall we didn’t over thecampus,yetCourses hadtobetakenall fected bythetechnologicaladvances above it. before. ThePacific –primitiveandunaf- Ocean sea breezes–pristineasone-hundred years Mesa,sweptby time. ThelandscapeofLaJolla Itwasbecause heusedhisowncells. aheady studies ofthemechanicalbasisphagocytosis activation cell his white state,whichenabledhis warrior jauntsonhisHondamotorcycleaffected certain thatScott Simon’s frequent 100mph buildingnowproudlysits.Itis Bioengineering gameontheverysoftball locationwherethe flow resistancechanges.We played manya cycling) ledhimtohisdiscovery ofskeletalmuscle ance exerciseexperimentsonhimself(competitive 5amonmanyby days,andDonSutton’s endur- were keyforms ofinspiration thatgotusmoving ate students,anddynamicslashesinthesurf withsurfboardsandshiveringtruck –filled gradu- patent andcorporate success,Thay Lee’s pickup 39 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY

P MSE (AMES,UCSD, 1993) programs wereenhanced.Theannualgraduate Warren Mall–more labspace.Graduate student new EBUappeared atthe oppositeendofthe staff. Campus-wide collaborations grewstronger. A the hiringofnewfaculty, drawing newstudentsand department. TheWhitaker Foundation funds enabled I hadtheprivilege toseeourgroupbecomeits own progress. Itwas great, butitwas onlythestart. ing atUCSDmany years earlier, thiswas terrific cohesive, group.To thosewhofounded bioengineer- Graduate studentswereafriendly, butnotterribly of theinterdisciplinary fieldofbioengineering. the campus-wide collaborations thatareattheheart Biomedical Engineeringhadonlyjustbeguntofoster single floorofEBU-I. ThefledglingInstitute for Most ofusshared afewcramped laboratories ona AMES (AppliedMechanicsandEngineeringScience). relatively group withinadepartmentknownas small faculty, staff andstudentsofbioengineeringwere a When Iarrived atUCSDin1991, thedistinguished plishments ofmy life. of onethemostsignificantandsatisfying accom- UCSD asaconfidentandcapableresearcher, proud After sixenjoyable years andmuchhard work,Ileft salaries were quitedifferent inthesetwoworlds. the medicaldeviceindustry–motivations and modated thelife ofagraduate student after leaving I hadspentmostofmy life. Lessreadily, Iaccom- California lifestyle afterleaving theNortheast,where During thoseyears, Ieagerlyadoptedthesouthern changed asmuchbetween1991and1997Idid. It mightbefair tosay thatbioengineeringatUCSD Yamanouchi PharmaAmerica,Inc., Paramus, NJ Director, ProjectManagement BSE (B R G H OBERT D (B ROWTH IOENGINEERING IOENGINEERING S CHINAGL

AND ,U , UCSD, 1997) C NIV HANGE . P ENNSYLVANIA

OF , 1989) B IOENGINEERING of excellence. family will,withoutdoubt,continuethistradition future generations oftheUCSD bioengineering history ofbioengineeringatUCSD. Presentand of faculty, studentsandstaff throughout the throughout thedepartmentandistocredit This kindofgrowthandchangeisevident alumni ofthe“CTE”labanddepartment. a newprofessor. I’mso proud tobeamongthe stepped intoshortlyafterhisarrival atUCSDas size ofthenearlyempty room thatBobandI different andisatleast four building timesthe Engineering laboratory. That labisnowina museum?) ofDr. Robert Sah’s CartilageTissue equipment tucked away inadarkcorner(the comforted tosee someoftheoldfamiliar students –Ibarelyrecognize the place.Iwas There are newbuildings,professors, new growth hasonlyaccelerated sinceIleftUCSD. made itcleartomethatthedepartment’s A recentvisitafternearlyseven years away different person. significantly different placeasasignificantly to returntheEastCoast,Iwas leavinga graduate student.WhenIgraduated withplans Industry was born.Itwas agreattimetobe this group, thestudent-driven Breakfast with group, givingusagroup tocallourown.From Graduatethe Bioengineering Student(BEGS) conference. Iwas fortunate enoughtohelpstart the sophisticationofaprofessional society changed little over theyears, rapidly approached student research symposium,whichhad

AT UCSD 41 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY H OW UCSD BIOENGINEERING PRODUCED A SUCCESSFUL PATENT ATTORNEY

FARIBORZ (FAFFI) MOAZZAM, PH.D., J.D., M.B.A. UCSD Degrees: Ph.D., C.Phil., M.S.E., Bioengineering Managing Partner, Moazzam Latimer LLP

Ten years have gone by since I first heard about the formation of our beloved Department of Bioengineering at UCSD. Ten years have gone by since I first looked up on the Assignment Board near the BIOE offices on the administra- tive floor of EBU-1 and first noticed that our newly formed department no longer had the name of “AMES.” Yet, ten years have gone by before I could fully appreciate how fortunate I was to have been a small part of the Bioengineering at UCSD.

As I first began college in the ‘80’s, I never imagined that I would one day have six college degrees, let alone five of them at the graduate level. I also never imagined that I would be a UCSD graduate. In fact, I only became aware of UCSD at the end of my junior year at my undergraduate university in Washington, D.C. I had only begun to consider graduate biomedical engineering programs and my advisor at the time, who was also a good friend and former colleague of many at UCSD, Dr. Aydin Tözeren, suggested that I look into UCSD. I did and never thought that I would be accepted. I was lucky to be accepted and my life and career changed as a result.

Of my five graduate degrees, the ones that I have received from UCSD have had the most significant impact on me personally and professionally. This admission may sound odd coming from a practicing lawyer, but not if we take a few steps back and realize how the training that I received from the Bioengineering Department at UCSD helped me become a successful lawyer.

It was at UCSD Bioengineering that I learned to develop the tools I needed to become a reputed lawyer. In essence, it was there where I learned how to “think like a lawyer.” It is at UCSD where I learned that being a bioengineer means being a problem solver. It’s applying all that is known from a multi-perspective view. It involves solving a problem by looking at it from all angles -- as a biologist, as an engineer, as a scientist. What I did now know when I was a graduate student is that what I was learning as the philosophy of a bioengineer is not limited to the field of bioengineering, but also applicable to other fields, particularly law.

In my specialty field of intellectual property law, an intertwined multi-disci- plinary mix of science, law and policy, I have gained a reputation in the field as a problem-solver, one to call upon to handle troublesome cases, one to call upon to understand a particularly difficult technology, one to reverse something detrimental that has been done or to tackle on a matter that others have refused to accept or given up on. few in the worldwhohave hadthe honorofbeing Additionally, Ihave beenoneofthetrulyfortunate long-term goals. His goal-focused driveisamodelfor myshort- and goals andhave achieved great successasaresult. applied thesameprincipleinmycareerandsocial ies hashadaremarkableinfluenceonme.Ihave enthusiasm for science,inhisresearchanddiscover- everything toachieve thosegoals.Hisunbridled tance ofbeingfocused, setting goalsanddoing Dr. Schmid-Schönbein taughtmeabouttheimpor- best toserve asmy advisors. my success today. Iwas luckytohave hadtwoofthe suchasenseintomethathashadimpacton instilled for knowledgeintohispupils.MyadvisorsatUCSD tion. Theaimofagreat athirst educatoristoinstill had andcontinuetohave greatrespectandadmira- absorbing andemulatingothers,thoseforwhomI ing. Ifelt like achildinhisfirstfewyears oflife, My yearsatUCSDBioengineeringwerespentabsorb- tailored tomeettheneedsofclient. disdadvantages. Eachsolutionshould beindividually Every solutionhasuniqueadvantages and problem. Every solutions. problemhasmultiple there toonlybeoneuniquesolutionany legal It israre inlaw, asitisinbiomedicalresearch, for the problem,Ithenpresent amulti-facetedsolution. perspective. Afteracompleteandthoroughreviewof perspective, thelitigationperspective, thepolicy perspective, themarket perspective, theethics problem from multipleperspectives,theclient’s ing theproblemasabioengineerwould.Iview how Icansolve myclient’s problem firstidentify- by encounter from theeye ofabioengineer. Iconsider plex legalproblems.Iviewallissuesthat sider andprovideinnovative solutionstosuchcom- suitableing hasmademeespecially tostudy, con- My training asabioengineerfromUCSDBioengineer- sight ofwhy youdowhat do. Keep doingit. ence. AsDr. Zweifach always said,neverlose and lives saved. Thatiswhy youare inexist- importantly, tocountlessmore humansbenefitted more successful decadesofexistence,andmore career theyeventually practice. Hereistomany better problem-solvers inwhatever fieldand benefitthemselveswill andmankindbybecoming bioengineer. Allthatgothroughthedepartment lawyer withtheproblem-solving philosophy ofa first decade.Thankyou formakingmeapatent So thankyou,UCSDBioengineering andhappy been assuccessful apatentlawyer asIamnow. and pastlegendsofthefield.Iwouldnothave would nothave learneddirectly from theliving established disciplinesasabioengineerdoes.I problem usinguniquecombinationsofwell knows. Iwouldnothave learnedtosolve the that therearemultiplesolutionsasabioengineer bioengineer thinks.Iwouldnothave learned using acombinationofdifferent perspectives asa would nothave learnedtothinkoftheproblems multiple perspectives asabioengineerdoes.I would nothave learnedtoview problemsfrom Without myyears atUCSDBioengineering,I many atUCSDBioengineering. Schönbein andZweifach are justtwoamong the amongst thegreatest inthefield.Drs.Schmid- aid mankind?”Ihave trulybeenblessedtolearn path, weshouldstoptoask,“andhowdoesthis must never losesightof. Alongevery stepofthe we follow, there mustbelargergoalsthatwe guidance, Ihave learnedthatinwhatever paths Throughhealth. yearsofsageandpatient research activity, toaidmankindbyimproving losing sightoftheall-encompassinggoalall life inbeingfocused ontheoverall goalandnever His philosophyhashadasignificant impactonmy advised bythelegendaryDr. BenjaminZweifach. 43 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY M EMORIES AND REFLECTIONS

DOUGLAS CHANG, M.D., PH.D. Fellow, Spine and Sports Medicine Klinik Wilhelm Schulthess Lengghalde 2 Zurich, Switzerland 8008 when Dr. McCulloch’s lab space on the 4th floor of My time at UC San Diego spanned the years 1992- EBU-1 represented the entire Bioengineering 2000. When I arrived in La Jolla, Bioengineering was department’s computer center. fledgling, administratively still a part of the AMES department and physically straddled between the new Outside of our work, may of us tried to engage in Engineering Building Unit 1 and the “old” seven story some form of physical fitness, again a trait of the Urey Hall in Revelle College, which was shared with the UCSD environment. I particularly enjoyed swimming departments of Chemistry and Physics. and decided along with “Faffie” Moazzam (Ph.D., 1998) to swim across La Jolla cove to La Jolla Shores At the time, our graduate student offices were on the beach. About a third the way across, Faffie developed top of Urey Hall. I recall late night study breaks there severe cramps in his legs, limiting his ability to swim. with my friend David Carta (Ph.D., ~1997). We would We linked arms and managed to work our way across pause from our homework sets, which involved infinite the kelp beds to the safety of shore, exhausted. After variations of length-tension curves, to “study” the that experience, my swimming was limited to the aerodynamics of his ever-present Frisbee. He would Canyon View pool. stand outside along the railings of the building and send me down to the parking lot. Then he’d hurl the Back in the “safety” of the department, we were ably Frisbee down to me, which I’d gamely try to catch and led by Dr. Shu Chien. He too encouraged us to focus hurl back. It didn’t occur to me at the time that my job and start with approachable problems to which we’d was considerably more difficult than his! add layers of complexity. This was applied not only to research, but teaching and administrative duties. Dr. In our classes, I will never forget the teachings of Dr. Chien encouraged teamwork and echoed the collabo- Y.C. Fung, who constantly reminded us to focus and to rative tone of the UCSD campus. As a leader, he is simplify our problem-solving approach. He taught us to inspirational, making sure to be inclusive of all analyze our problems with elegant mathematical personnel for which he is responsible. He always said descriptions based on physics first principles. This that the Bioengineering department is like a three- approach gave our work clarity, a particular “UCSD legged stool, consisting of the faculty, administration perspective.” This perspective is characterized by a and students (in no particular order!). All three certain timelessness, and many of the department’s constructs are vital for the functioning of the whole. manuscripts continue to be considered classic contribu- In my later experiences, I found this to be a very tions to the scientific literature. unique but true perspective.

In the mid-90’s, our classes were spread out between Now Bioengineering has several beautiful buildings of the Medical Teaching Facility, and the colleges of its own, and is one of the most popular majors among Revelle, Muir, and Warren. Most of our advisor’s the students. I am very proud to be associated with research labs were in EBU-1 or the VA. As we began such a great endeavor, and the lessons learned over our research work in earnest, the camaraderie we had my years at UC San Diego have stood me extremely in class was replaced with camaraderie in the labs, and well. Graduate student life is tough and at times friendly competition between the labs. After hours, we lonely, but I can’t think of a more inspirational, would engage in long inter-connected virtual games of supportive and educational experience to be had than the particularly violent program, “Doom.” This occurred at UC San Diego. sputtering SanDiegoaerospaceindustryhad wingofthedepartment—thein theBioengineering department inthesummerof1993andtookclasses elite inBioengineering. SoIshoweduptotheAMES 1992 thatestablishedtheirpresenceamongstthe large grant from theWhitaker Foundation inlate Unbeknownst tome,thefaculty hadprocured a “Ifyou learnto pronouncethename.I Dr. Zhu: “La Hoya. LaHoya. you Igetit.Will recom- Walt: aChineseemigrant, correcting meonmy Dr. Zhu, “That’s inLaJolla[Ipronounced thecity Walt: “You meanwhere Fungis,right?” “Yes! It’s agoodplaceandtheymightlet Dr. Zhu: Walt: “You shouldthinkaboutUCSanDiegofor Dr. Zhu: tion was quitefunny: graduate schooltoapplyfor. Theresultingconversa- graduate schools,Iasked himto recommend afinal long-running discussionswithChengaboutpotential Department atGeorgiaTech, Dr. ChengZhu.During faculty memberintheMechanicalEngineering The bestadvicethatIever gotwasfrom ayoung Medtronic Cardiac Rhythm Management Principal Scientist, Bioengineering, UCSanDiego, 1999 W V ISIONS ALT B AXTER don’t want you embarrassingdon’t me.” mend mefor thatplaceaswell?” Spanish: “NO!It’s ‘LA HOYA’!” ‘la joe-lah’].” you in.” graduate school.”

, P AND H .D. R EFLECTIONS …UCSD BME1993-1999 take my degreeback! it wouldnolongeradmitme—butonecan ment Ijoinedhasblossomedtothepointwhere case scenariohashappenedfor me:TheDepart- of whatitakes theDepartmentgreat. Thebest- This tradition continuesandisjustasmallpart no Mickey MouseOperation. procure funding, butwegotitdoneandwas Ann, andIwentto Breakfast withIndustryshortly thereafter. Bill, Liaison Committee in1995andhostedourfirst Karlon, andmyself—founded theIndustrial former students—Ann Lee-Karlon, andBill involvement withthelocalindustry. Three poster presentations onstudents, andgood Department, arichtradition offorcing oral/ future withstrongstudentinvolvement inthe know thatwewere buildingafoundation forthe even preparing talkswhileonthesubway. I now to meetdeadlines underextremeconditions, conditions, becamegoodfriends, andwere able We worked ungodlyhoursintight,cramped formed in1994, andwewereoff! (and size) ofthatclass.TheDepartmentwas neers thatdramatically boostedthereputation belched forth anumberofexperiencedengi- the extreme or in der to 45 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY

ment. Thesegroup offaculties worked together for some oftheprofessors inthisnewlyshapeddepart- Schmid-Schönbein,McCulloch, Gough,andSkalak were bioengineering), Zweifach, Chien,Intaglietta, ering legendsincludingDrs. Fung(knownasfatherof department. Itwas quiteaneasychoiceforusconsid- choice toeitherchooseAMESorgowiththenew name rather thanAMES.Thedepartment gave usa Degrees undertheDepartmentofBioengineering’s and bepartofthefirstclasswhoreceivedMasters proud tobefortunate toseethishistoricalmoment neering nationwideinthecomingyears.We wereso bioengineering atUCSDwhichinfluencedthebioengi- separated from AMES.Thatwas agrand for milestone program formed officially owndepartmentand its biological problems.Oneyear later, the bioengineering we enjoyed applying engineeringconceptstosolve in acompletelynewdirection.Allweknewwasthat (Mohammad), itwasquiteexciting tostartanewpath computer science(Shila)andchemicalengineering Considering thatwecamewithbachelordegreesin year afterwegotmarriedtopursueMastersDegrees. of theAMESdepartmentattime)onSept1993a We joinedthebioengineeringprogram atUCSD(part mentioned. from theaudience whenBioengineeringatUCSDis grees from.We almost always dosenseanadmiration are andespeciallywherewehave receivedourde- wide. Itisquiteanhonortoexplainwhobioengineers given tothisfieldbothinSanDiegoareaandnation- neering program atUCSDfortherecognitiontheyhave pared topresent.We wouldlike tothanktheBioengi- field ofBioengineeringwasmuchlessknowncom- hears whatourbackground is.It asks us“WhatdoBioengineersdo?”whenhe/she apersonwho Once inawhilewestillcomeacross San Diego, CA Synthasome, Inc. Principal Scientist/Bioengineer M San Diego, CA Staff Scientist, Nanogen, Inc. S B HILA OHAMMAD IOENGINEERING J ALALI S , P OTOUDEH H .D. , P H

.D. AT was a UCSD, O time when the UR and wishthem more successinthe comingyears. neering for theiramazing visions andteamwork the faculties andstaffatdepartmentofbioengi- coming years. Again,wewouldlike tothankall influencelivesproducts thatwill ofmany in and applytheirknowledge towards making students toeasilyfindpositions inbiotechindustry has created remarkableopportunitiesforgraduate biotech industryaround SanDiegoandnationwide department atUCSDwithsomeoftheleadersin Close relationshipbetweenthebioengineering accelerate thefuture growthofthedepartment. grand milestoneachieved evenmore whichwill Powell-Focht buildingisanother Bioengineering ago whenweleft.Grand openingofthenew has had9newfaculty memberssincefiveyears with suchanaccelerated pace.Thedepartment growth ofthedepartmentover thelastfive years neering departmentandwitness thetremendous fortunate tobeablehave accesstobioengi- Diego. Staying inSanDiego, wehave been andSynthasome,Biosite, Inc.alllocatedinSan including Nanogen,Advanced TissueSciences, tissue engineeringandnanotechnologycompanies Since then,wehave beenworkingindifferent years tillnow. these department ofBioengineeringthroughall contact andcollaboration Dr. with ShuChienand We didgraduate inDec1999,butkeptour moved totheSERFbuildingaftercoupleofyears. and affiliates greweveryyear. Somegroups every aspect.Numberoffaculties, students,staff enough towitnesshowthedepartmentgrewin WeBuilding. was Science werefortunate inBasic Chien’s excellent mentorship. At thetime,ourlab to continueonthePh.D. program underDr. Shu We enjoyed ourjourneysomuchthatweelected of theirefforts. the bioengineeringdepartmentwas onethefruits nized asanoriginaldisciplineandtheformationof many years tomake thebioengineeringrecog- R OOTS 47 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY S UCCESSFUL INTEGRATION

GANG JIN, PH.D. Group Leader of Genomics Lab Purdue Pharma Cranbury, NJ

The UCSD-Department of Bioengineering’s 10th anniversary is certainly something for me to be proud of and to celebrate. Although I left UCSD in 2000, I have always felt that the Department of Bioengineering was a family to me. During my Ph.D. and Postdoc from late 1993 to early 2000 in the Department of Bioengineering, I saw the Bioengineering’s transition from a Program in the Department of AMES to an independent Depart- ment of Bioengineering in 1993/1994. I am ex- tremely pleased to see the tremendous growth of the department in the past 10 years since it was established in 1994.

My memory of Bioengineering at UCSD is simply that of integration, which I see as one of the department’s strengths. The integration of many scientific disciplines at UCSD Bioengineering is one of the most important benefits for Bioengineering students to succeed in their job searches and career development.

There are many examples to illustrate the integra- tion of disciplines in the department. For example, our Bioengineering’s faculty infrastructure is an integration of well-known professors, focusing on a variety of interdisciplinary studies; our Bioengineering’s syllabus is an integration of multidisciplinary courses covering mechanics, biology, medicine, electronics, etc., and our Bioengineering’s graduate student team is an integration of outstanding students from various majors.

Our Bioengineering “giants” reflect the best ex- amples of the department’s culture of integration strategies. Dr. Y. C. Fung, the “Father of Bioengi- neering” in the U.S.A. and the Founder of Bioengi- neering Program at UCSD early in 1966, integrated the traditional mechanics in organ systems, tissues, and biological molecules. The range of Dr. Fung’s encyclopedic knowledge covers all the fields of Chien’s efforts tointegrate the departmentalfaculty across biology, medicineandengineering. Dr. facilitated bioengineeringresearch collaborations another oneofDr. Chien’s masterpiecesthat Engineeringis Whitaker InstituteofBiomedical faculty membersandresearch fellows inthe transfer. Theintegration ofover 100campus-wide mission ofresearch, educationandtechnology Focht thegrowing BioengineeringHalltohelpfulfill which allowedtheconstructionofnewPowell- Foundation, andtheVon LiebigFoundation in1999, Foundation in that wonthe ment in1994. Dr. Chienalso was and thecreationofnewBioengineeringdepart- 1993 thatallowedtherecruitmentofnewfaculty the Whitaker Foundation Development Award in tific disciplines,Dr. Chien ideas andability tointegrate many different scien- programs overtheyears. In recognition ofhis place inthenationalrankings ofbioengineering important inkeeping ourBioengineeringatthetop of integration strategies inhisleadership, whichis years are attributable toDr. Chien’s artful execution of theBioengineeringmilestonesinpast10 scientific andadministrative leadership. Almostall strated notonlyinhisresearch, butalsoinhis Dr. Chien’s integration achievementsare demon- medicine, physiology, andmolecularbiology. the engineeringconceptsinhismajorfieldsof Ph.D. andPostdoc advisor, successfully integrated leaders intheglobalbioengineeringsociety, my Institute ofCalifornia, one ofthemostactivesenior of BioengineeringatUCSDandthe Chien, theFounder andDirectoroftheDepartment mechanical modelingtotheindividualcell.Dr. Shu Ph.D. advisor, integrated hismathematicaland ally famed scientistinbioengineering,my former the Biological Engineering ence. Dr. Richard Skalak,theformer Pr mechanics, mathematics,medicine,andlife sci- Leadership Award from theWhitaker 1998 and giftsfrom thePowell Society led theeffort ingetting the drivingforce and internation- esident of Happy 10thAnniversary UCSDBioengineering! support projectsusing microarrays at Medicine toestablish a microarray corefacility to departments ofBioengineering,Biology, and Dr. Chienintegrated microarray platform asapostdocinearly1999, lar diseases.WhenIwas developing the support research ingenetherapy ofcardiovascu- awardfrom PharmaceuticalInc. Alliance to cal needsoftargetdrugdiscovery, wereceived an thesis project ofgenetherapy tothepharmaceuti- research projects. Through hisapplicationofmy benefited myPh.D. thesisandpostdoctoral from hismagicintegration strategies directly Another twoexamplesofDr. Chien’s achievements department. research fellows, andgraduate studentsinthe years, supportingmajorresearch projects,staff, receipt oftwotermsPPGwithinthelast10 members inapplicationsofNIHgrants allowed the activities of many in the in the activitiesofmany UCSD. 49 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

THE BIOENGINEERING GRADUATE STUDENT SYMPOSIUM KAREN D. MAY-NEWMAN, PH.D. Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Mechanical Engineering San Diego State University

The Bioengineering Graduate Student Symposium (BGSS) has long been a tradition in Bioengineering at UCSD. It was initiated in 1987 by a group of graduate students (urged by faculty) to give a brief overview of their research projects in a symposium setting. The target audience has primarily been the incoming graduate students, in order to provide information for them regarding their choices for thesis projects. However, the other students and the faculty all benefit from the exchange and understanding of research in the department.

Since its inception, the symposium program, facilities, catering and publications have been organized and executed entirely by the students, who devote long hours to ensure that the event runs smoothly. Traditionally held on a Saturday, the day begins with a continental breakfast followed by 2-3 sessions of 8-10 talks each. Customarily, each lab group first provides an over- view talk, followed by several brief individual talks.

Every graduate student was “strongly encouraged” by the faculty and other senior graduate students to participate each year first, as speakers, and eventually as organizing committee members. This experience provides several opportunities for students: first, it offers a friendly environment for what is often a student’s first professional-style oral presentation; second, students can gain experience in different organizational roles which prepares them for future involvement with professional notice thelight changetored, or perhapsfelt thatthe enthusiastic abouthispresentation, didnotseemto quired. Onestudent,apparently extraordinarily schedule, manualintervention was ultimatelyre- even withsucha reliabledevicetoreinforce the modulate thelengthoftheir presentation. However, with thetimerandasked touseithelpthem intervals couldbe set.Every speaker was provided and red light(that’s all,folks) betweenwhichthe light (keep talking), yellow light(timetoendnow), form ofatimerthatcouldbesettoshowgreen Technology wasacquired toassistinthisgoal,the was tocreate aschedule,thenstickreligiouslytoit. happen again.Theapparentsolutiontotheproblem committee wasdeterminednotto letsuchathing and theorganizing overtime. Thishadgreatly annoyed several students, quently theevent hadgonemore thananhour their talkstotherecommended level, andconse- year, several speakers hadnotrestricted thelengthof long pastthescheduledconclusion.Theprevious was toensurethatthesymposiumdidnotextendtoo One particularyear, amajorfocus ofimprovement mony studentspastandpresent. toall The evolution ofthisevent over theyears isatesti- was provided toexpandtheBGSS to itscurrent level. its supportoftheUCSDprogram, additionalfunding sium booklet.WhentheWhitakerFoundation initiated the expensesofcatered foodandprintingasympo- effort was launched,andabudgetcreated tocover students, staff andfaculty. Eventuallyafundraising was oftenapotluckwithdelicaciesprepared by formal budgetexistedfor theevent, andthedinner previous year’s symposium.Intheearlydays,no Each year, theorganizerstriedtoimprove uponthe and promotesexchange andinteraction. together students,staff andfaculty ofthedepartment organizations. Finally,it isasocialevent whichbrings growth ofUCSDBioengineering. ascontributetothecontinuing experience aswell mechanism forstudentsto gainvaluable career event hasblossomed further, providing aunique the supportofWhitaker Foundation, this students thathave followed have upon.With built in astrongfoundation whichgenerations of hard workoftheseearlyorganizers has resulted thisambitiousevent.to initiate Thecreativity and andperseverancewillingness ofseniorstudents introductory level. Thisevent was founded onthe to participateinconference organization atan provide auniqueopportunity for UCSDstudents The BGSS hasundoubtedly continuedtoevolve to programBioengineering special. special occasions/events thatmadetheUCSD meaningful professional exchange was oneofthe the studentsandfaculty following aday of extended athishome,andthecamaraderie of viewofMissionBay.beautiful Thewarmth he held atProfessor Intaglietta’s housewithits faculty membershouse.For many years, was it The event traditionally culminatesinadinnerat within theallotted time. everyone thatfollowed completedtheirtalk event wentsmoothlyfrom there.Needlesstosay, thenextspeakersilence, beganhistalkandthe from behindthecurtain.Afteraninitialsurprised almost envisiontheShepherd’s crook appearing tion, andannouncedthenexttalk.Onecould thanked thespeakerfor aninterestingpresenta- infrontstepped neatly ofthemicrophone, Ceremonies, tookaboldcourseofactionand members, whowasalsoservingastheMasterof committee. Fortunately, oneofthecommittee stop muchtothedismayoforganizing rest ofhisresearch storywas tooimportantto 51 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY W ITHSTANDING THE TEST OF TIME

REZA MAZHARI, PH.D. Director of Cardiovascular Physiology, Artesian Therapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD

In 1967, Krebs wrote “Scientists are not so much oped, and many hypotheses have been tested. born as made by those who teach them research” The product of this has been talented and multi- (Nature; 215:1441), and teaching research excel- faceted graduates and trainees at all levels— lence is the cornerstone of Department of Bioengi- bachelors to post-doctoral fellows—that ap- neering at UC San Diego. While attending the annual proach problems in a systematic and quantita- Biomedical Engineering Society meeting in Nashville tive way, with a clear understanding of the “big in 2003 and getting a chance to see many of the picture”. This approach has endured the test of Department’s alumni, it occurred to me that each time, even in the era of “you-name-it”-omics. and every one has become very successful in their profession. More importantly, the level of success of I joined the Department as a junior pursuing a alumni is not only prevalent to the ones that pur- bachelor’s degree in 1993 and stayed on until sued an academic route, but also others that fol- 1999 finishing my Ph.D. The breadth and value lowed alternative professions in sectors such as law, of my education provided by the Department biotechnology and drug discovery, medicine, and became more apparent at each stage in my finance. This attests to the core values and educa- career: first in transition from cardiac biome- tional goals that the founders of the Bioengineering chanics to cellular biophysics and electrophysiol- Program (and subsequently Department) set almost ogy as a post-doctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins 40 years ago and pursued many years thereafter. In School of Medicine; next as a research faculty my opinion, the strength was in teaching the essen- for a short stint at Hopkins’ Biomedical Engineer- tials of biology and physiology (partly thanks to ing Department; and most recently as a key close relation with the Department of Medicine), and member of a drug discovery and development applying the fundamentals of engineering to explore start-up team. The Department and its faculty and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of normal and their vision all played a crucial role in this and diseased function from cells to organs. In this diverse and challenging journey. process novel methods and tools have been devel- learn. neering departmentatUCSDsuchaspecialplaceto are thekindofencountersthatmake thebioengi- wisdom, andpersonalexperienceswithme.These to have suchavenerable professor share histime, his owndissertation.Iwas bothhumbledandgrateful went ontorelateastoryaboutthedayheturnedin not attending my defense several daysbefore. He Fung. Heimmediatelysaidhelloandapologizedfor me even beforemy arrival atUCSD, Professor Y.C. unexpectedly runningintosomeonewhohadinspired I rememberthedayturnedinmy dissertation any studentcouldhave askedfor. and shapedthefieldofbioengineering—ismorethan access tosomany greatminds—mindsthatpioneered classroom, laboratories, andelsewhere.To have their eagernesstoworkcloselywithstudentsinthe program werethefaculty’s excellent leadershipand Ph.D. Themostmemorable features ofthegraduate where Istudiedfor five yearswhileobtainingmy time inthebioengineeringdepartmentatUCSD, of others.For me,theinspiration cameduringmy Teaching thatisinspiredbytheexample isapursuit Advancement of Science andArt, The CooperUnionfor the M G ELISSA ROWING K URTIS

AND M ICOU H , P ELPING H .D. New York, NY O THERS

and nowhopetopassonfutureengineers. same superiorquality ofeducationthatIreceived neering atUCSD, and wishuponitsstudentsthe students. Isalutethebrightfuture ofbioengi- the manyacademicopportunitiesenjoyed the by perform valuable researchincreases, sotoowill personnel. Asthedepartment’s capacity to facilities, areasofresearch,and expanded its since Ihave left,thedepartmenthassignificantly since itsinceptiontenyears ago.In thefew years grow attherapid paceithasestablishedfor itself In thefuture, Iseethedepartmentcontinuingto of meinNewYork. rators, andfriendswhomlive andworkalongside network ofUCSDbioengineeringalumni,collabo- arise, Ifindmyself benefitingfrom thestrong models Ihave had.However, whendifficulties for me,largelyasaresult oftheexceptional role The transition toteachinghasbeenverynatural Cooper Union,asmallundergraduate college. education. Currently, Iamaprofessor atthe me astrongcommitmenttobioengineering nated thesubjectsInowteach,hasdeveloped in and insightfromthepeoplewhoseideasorigi- Having hadtheopportunity togainmotivation TO G ROW 53 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY W ONDERFUL DAYS AT UCSD B IOENGINEERING LEADERSHIP

SONG LI, PH.D. ’97 BIOENGINEERING GRADUATE STUDENTS Assistant Professor, Bioengineering VICKI CHIN, M.S., PH.D. CANDIDATE University of California, Berkeley University of California, San Diego

I joined the bioengineering graduate program at UCSD The Bioengineering Graduate Students group, in 1993, and I fortunately experienced the birth and known as BEGS, was formally begun in 1994, shortly the growth of the Department of Bioengineering. In after the formation of the Department of Bioengi- 1993, bioengineering was a program in the Depart- neering at UCSD. So, BEGS is also celebrating its ment of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences. 10th anniversary this year! As I remember, the bioengineering program had about 10 core faculty, and occupied about half of the fifth Our mission over the years has been to support and floor in Engineering Building Unit I. I was impressed by enrich graduate student life in the department by many things when I went to bioengineering program providing social, academic, and industrial connec- at UCSD: excellent faculty, the diversity of the students’ tions. We have began and now run several events background, the creative curriculum, the second-to- that are annual traditions. In the fall, we host the none intellectual environment, the beautiful beaches, Breakfast with Industry, now in its tenth year, where and nearly perfect weather. The graduate curriculum we bring together local industrial representatives integrated the engineering and biological sciences very and graduate students to discuss research and well. Some of the courses such as biomechanics, industry activity. In the spring, we host the Bioengi- physiology and molecular biology for engineers prob- neering Graduate Research Symposium. An annual ably were the first of the same type of courses offered event for the last eighteen years, this event show- in engineering schools across the country. The Friday cases our latest research progress to fellow stu- seminar was a traditional gathering of the faculty and dents, faculty, local industry, and prospective students for decades. Extensive collaborations between graduate students. Graduate students from all labs engineers and biologists resulted in productive re- in bioengineering give talks, and students present search. I benefit tremendously from the training individual work in a poster session. During the (especially from my advisor Dr. Shu Chien) and the symposium, senior graduate students make a intellectual environment at UCSD. My learning experi- special effort to reach out to undecided first year ence as a graduate student, postdoc and research graduate students and to increasingly sophisticated scientist at UCSD has great impact on my career prospective students who are planning ahead to development. In 1994, with the efforts of the bioengi- their graduate research. Current graduate students neering faculty led by the founding chair Dr. Shu Chien, also play a crucial role in recruiting new graduate the new Department of Bioengineering was born. Since students. During the annual recruitment weekend, then the department has been growing, and ranked as we hold several events where we can socialize and one of the best bioengineering program nationwide. I discuss grad school life away from the lab. still remember the exciting moment of the ground- breaking for the new bioengineering building. My best wishes for my academic home-the department of Bioengineering at UCSD! changing needstograduate students. as welldeveloping newprograms tomeetthe ate life inbioengineeringthroughtheseprograms, years, welookforward tofurther enrichinggradu- to theworkout torelieve stress. Inthe next ten and discussissuesranging from work-life balance students andfaculty gatherover dinnertosocialize students. Every few months,female graduate includes aprogram targeted tofemale graduate lab. Anothernewinitiative toimprove graduate life stress duringexamsandafterlonghoursinthe ping-pong tableandfoosball tablehelprelieve provide different opportunities towork,whilethe lounge, desks,conference tables,and couches students togather, study, andsocialize. Inthe the departmenttosetasidespacefor graduate grant from ErikEngelson.Hisgenerous giftenabled Student Lounge,madepossiblebyachallenge student life wastheadditionofGraduate A recent improvement tobioengineeringgraduate labs ordifferent years. relax andgettogetherwith studentsfrom different throughout theyear toprovideaconvenient way to addition, BEGSalsoholdsmonthlysocialhours new studentstogetknoweachother. In organize several tohelp social hoursinSeptember opportunities, andlife atUCSDingeneral. We provide advicesontheacademicprogram, research students arepairedwith olderstudentswho by runningabigsiblingprogram, wherenew helps easethetransition for newgraduate students At thebeginningofschoolyear, BEGSalso come. one thatpromisestocontinueformany years to anditis great strength ofUCSDBioengineering interesting andinspiring.Ibelieve thisisthe fun—traits thathave mademy classesboth extremely approachable,kind,forthright, and their teaching.Myprofessors havebeenatonce have faculty asdedicatedtotheirresearch as studentsaretrulyfortunate to Bioengineering endorsethisranking.classes, Icanfully UCSD Now, having justfinishedmy firstyear of category. ranking intheUSNews“Quality ofTeaching” tic location,butalsobecauseofitsperfect not onlyfor itsaccomplished faculty andmajes- ately drawn toUCSD’s bioengineeringprogram where toattend graduate school,Iwas immedi- also toinspire.Asaresult, whenIwasdeciding initsability notonlytoeducate,but tion lies thatthestrengthofanyI firmlybelieve institu- Candidate Ph.D. G D EOFFREY EDICATION

VON M ALTZAHN

TO E DUCATION 55 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY BMES AT UCSD

SHIRLEY LEE Class of 2006, BMES President 2004-05 EUN HEE HAN Class of 2004, BMES President 2003-04

UCSD undergraduate chapter of the Biomedical Engineering Society was established in 1985. Since then, UCSD BMES has been active in promoting biomedical engineering among the undergraduate stu- dents.

Our chapter of BMES has been rapidly expanding in the last few years and has offered students a broad range of activities to enrich their social, academic, and professional development. We have had and plan to continue an outreach program that allows students to inspire elementary school children to develop interests for science and engineering and a mentor program that matches freshmen and sophomores with upper class students who can provide guidance and advice. We also sponsor quarterly Industry Nights that expose students to company profiles and possible career paths, graduate student and alumni panels that provide insights into graduate school and industry, and graduate school application workshop for those who have decided to apply. These events and programs would not have been successful without the support of the Bioengineering Department. Some of these events started out as grand ideas that we dreamed about. But our faculty advisor Dr. Sah, undergraduate advisor Margene Wight, and Department Chair Dr. Chien, and the Department allowed us turn these visions into reality by helping us with contacts, location, A-V equipments, publicity, food for hungry students and constant encouragement.

We have been able to accomplish much in the last few years, but like any other organization, we are always looking for ways to improve. Some of the goals for the organization in the coming years include strengthening student membership, fostering professor/ student relations, increasing inter-organization collaborations, and solidifying national involvement. B G B advantage to integrate medicineandengineering.He opportunity for engineeringandthetremendous as aunifying themeinBioengineering.Hesawan biological tissues.Heused thestudyofalivingtissue ment ofmoderntechniques tomeasureeventsin His interestwas inthemicrocirculationanddevelop- and activity inthebioengineeringgroup. Department. For years hewas acenterofthinking program tothecreationofafull serviceUniversity directed andserved for 28years fromthebirthof ing untilthevery lastdayofhislife in1997. He 1966. AtUCSDheservedasProfessor ofBioengineer- Pathology 1958andProfessor until ofPathology until York University and asAssociateProfessorofBiology School from 1947to1952.HethenreturnedtoNew Associate Professor ofPhysiology Medical intheCornell in 1936.Heserved asAssistantProfessor andthenas degree inCellularPhysiology from NewYork University oftheCityCollege ofNewYork in1931andhis Ph.D. W.Benjamin Zweifach receivedaB.S. degree fromthe wedding ofacademicdisciplines. bornoutofanunlikelythe startofBioengineering, plan tointeresttheminbiologicalproblems.Thatwas faster andsafer andimprove theelectronics,with the group ofengineers,expertonhowtomakeairplanes InstituteofTechnologycal attheCalifornia tomeeta the needfor agiantleapforward. Heusedasabbati- the mostchallengingproblemsinmedicineandsaw butalsoindistance.Hewasonly inspirit workingon follow anentirelynewdirectioninengineering,not Physiology, BiologyandPathology inNewYork to into theunknown.Heleftbehindastellarcareerin ERT EERT ENJAMIN Y. C. F W.S CHMID UNG W. Z W. Zweifach madethelongestjump neering atUCSD, Professor founding membersofBioengi- new discipline.Amongthethree catapulted for thecreationofthis he was far aheadofitstimeand Bioengineering atUCSD. In1966 of thethreefounding membersof Fung andMarcosIntaglietta one Benjamin Zweifach YC waswith -S CHÖNBEIN WEIFACH - AV - A ISIONARY nated astheZweifach Library. of thePowel-Focht isdesig- BioengineeringHall Zweifach. In hishonortheLibrary onthe4thfloor We areextraordinary grateful toProfessor Research. founder ofmodern20thCenturyMicrocirculation tic developments. Benjamin Zweifach isthe practice, newdiagnostictechniquesandtherapeu- make importantcontributionstodailymedical ties andinIndustry throughout theworldand leader, hisstudents areworkingtoday atUniversi- standing research inthe field.Anextraordinary issued every four yearstooneworker without- ZWEIFACH GOLDMEDALAWARD in1982,whichis nized hisextraordinary achievements andsetupa world-wide. TheMicrocirculatory Societyrecog- ary Memberofmany MicrocirculatorySocieties oped theMicrocirculatorySociety andwas Honor- the campusofUCSD. Heco-founded anddevel- chaired theWorld CongressforMicrocirculation on around theworld.In1979heandYCFung learned societiesandafriend andconsultant Widely recognized, he was memberofmany remains guidanceformodernbioengineering. still wide andserve thebenefitofpatients.Hisvision engineering techniques,whicharenowusedworld approaches tostudythemicrocirculation with work leadtothedevelopment offundamental new that inspiredageneration ofbioengineers..His sion todiabetesandshock.Hemadediscoveries the challengesofmedicalproblemsfromhyperten- the opportunity toexposeyoungbioengineers triggered many ofinvestigation. newlines Hesaw bioengineering ediucationtoday andtheyhave rich record are ofwritings acornerstoneof lymphatics, andmany aspectsofphysiology. His tion, thestudyoftransport indifferent tissues, exploration ofbloodrheologyinthemicrocircula- research ofhumandisease.Hepioneeredthe today istakingoncenterstageincardiovascular the InflammatoryProcess, aphenomenonthat introduced engineeringstudentstothestudyof

IN B IOENGINEERING 57 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY R ICHARD SKALAK, PH .D.

PROFESSOR OF BIOENGINEERING

Professor Richard Skalak was born in New York City in February 5, 1923. He grew up in New York City and was educated in its public schools system. He received his B.S., C.E., and Ph.D. in Civil Engi- neering and Fluid Mechanics from Columbia University, where he stayed as a faculty member and became a Full Professor in 1964. Until his leaving for UCSD in 1988, he was James Kip Finch Profes- sor of Engineering Mechanics from 1976, Director of the Bioengi- neering Institute from 1978, and Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics from 1985. He made sterling contributions to research, education and administration as a faculty at Columbia for over forty years.

In 1988, Professor Skalak was recruited to UCSD as Professor of Bioengineering. In addition to his outstanding educational and research accomplishments, he played a major role in the formation of the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Bioengineering at UCSD, and the successful application for the Whitaker Foundation Development Award. From 1992-1996, he was the Founding Director of the Institute of Mechanics and Materials established by the National Science Foundation at UCSD. He did a marvelous job in promoting interactions between the disciplines of mechanics and materials across the nation, through symposia, workshops, lectures, scientist exchange, and academia- industry interactions.

Professor Skalak had an illustrious academic career. His early research interests were in the engineering applications of fluid mechanics, especially in the fields of water hammer effects and fluid turbulence. In early 1960s Professor Skalak began to combine engineering mechanics and biomedical sciences. His performed pioneering work on wave propagation in the pulmonary circulation. In 1967-1968, he took a sabbatical leave to work with Dr. P.-I. Brånemark in the University of Gothenburg. There he performed the classical study on flow and deformation of human blood cells in the living microcirculation. Upon returning to Columbia, he initiated a series of imaginative and elegant research studies on biomechan- ics of blood and blood cells, including the material properties of red blood cells and cell membrane, viscoelasticity of white blood cells in the passive and active states, micromechanical and molecular bases of cell aggregation and adhesion, blood cell interactions in capillar- ies and microvascular network, and flow properties of blood in the circulation. These interdisciplinary studies have important implica- tions in a number of clinical conditions including inflammation, blood diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer.

Professor Skalak also made prominent contributions in several other areas of biomechanics including craniofacial growth, skin replace- ment, material transport in tumors, osseointegration and titanium of Sciencesin 1990. Medal ofMerit from theCzechoslovakian Academy from theUniversity ofGothenburg in1990,andthe in1989,anHonoraryof Biorheology M.D. Degree the Poiseuille MedalfromtheInternationalSociety American Society Engineers (ASCE)in1987, ofCivil Medal from EngineeringMechanicsDivisionofthe neering Society in1983,theTheodorevon Karman Skalak includedtheALZAMedalfrom theBioengi- The otherawards and honors Engineering ofASMEfrom 1983-1987. Skalak wasEditoroftheJournalBiomedical and waselectedasASMEFellow in 1981.Professor as ChairmanofASMEAppliedMechanicsDivision Mechanics Award in1997. ProfessorSkalakserved Medalin 1990 andtheApplied 1985, theMelville nial ServiceAward in1980,theLissnerAward for hisoutstandingservice.Hereceived theCenten- American Society ofMechanicalEngineers(ASME) ofaccolades the multitude bestoweduponhimby private organizations.Particularly noteworthy isthe sought afterby many governmental academicand and honors.Hisleadershipvisionaryrolewas Professor Skalakreceived ofhisoutstanding achievements,In recognition hold key inacademiaandindustry. positions graduate studentsandpostdoctoral fellows, who Columbia University in1973.Hetrained many teacher; hewontheGreatTeacher Award of Professor Skalakwasatalentedanddedicated qualities byexampletostudentsandassociates. drive tocreate innovations andtoteachthese biological function. Hehad anunceasing,unselfish, insights, andgenerated newunderstandingof innovative experimentalstudies,provided novel important. Hisanalyticalapproach guidedmany seek outthesubjectthatisfundamental and their essenceintoclearmathematicalform, andto tion. Hewas abletoformulate problems by distilling engineering analysiswithbiomedicalexperimenta- Professor Skalakhasanunusualability tocombine neering. engineering asanewfrontier inbiomedicalengi- implants. Heplayed amajorrole infostering tissue many awards prestigious conferred toProfessor generations tocome. always forworld, andhewill beaguiding light partsofthe and deedshave beenspreadtoall Skalak’shuman being.Professor thoughts, spirit, giant inbioengineeringand such amarvelous gracedDepartment were thepresence by ofsucha fondwith memoriesandwarm gratitude thatthe As wecelebratetheTenth Anniversary, werecall sity ofVirginia. EngineeringattheUniver-and ChairofBiomedical (Pleaseseehisarticleinthisbook) Bioengineering bara. ThomasSkalakisaproud alumnusofUCSD four children,Steven,Thomas,Martha,andBar- whom hemarriedin1953.Theyhave Lesta Allison, Professor Skalakissurvivedbyhiswife, neeAnna andleadership.accomplishments been establishedinhonorofhisoutstanding Lectureship”has “Richard SkalakBioengineering atColumbiaUniversitylished UCSD, in1996.At a Engineering”wasestab- inBiomedical Colloquium and inter-personal affinity. A“Richard Skalak abroad. Hehasanoutstandingadministrative ability and inthehotelduringhismany tripsinU.S, and useoftimeontheairplane including theefficient hardworking. Hewastireless inhisworking habit, encouraging, creative, self-disciplined and Professor Skalakwas kind,considerate, generous, AnnualFallEngineering Society Meetingin1997. in1990andBiomedicalCongress inBiomechanics ing in1983,andCo-ChairmanoftheFirstWorld Science in1982andSociety Engineer- ofBiomedical He was President oftheSociety ofEngineering Engineering in1988. election tomembershipintheNationalAcademyof Science in1996.Amostdistinguishedhonorishis 1990, andAmericanAssociationforAdvancement of ofMedicalAndBiologicalInstitute Engineeringin Society in1990,American ofEngineeringScience 1985, NewYork Academy ofMedicinein1985, in American AcademyofMechanicsin1982,ASCE societiesandacademies,includingFellowsific of Professor Skalakwaselectedtomany otherhonor- 59 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY S IDNEY SOBIN, PH.D. D RAHOSLAV LIM

PROFESSOR OF BIOENGINEERING PROFESSOR OF BIOENGINEERING

Professor Sidney Sobin was a Drahoslav Lim was born on physician and physiologist who Sept 9, 1925, in what is now turned himself into a superb the Czech Republic, and bioengineer. His broad passed away on the August knowledge in physiology and 22, 2003 in San Diego. He enthusiasm in bioengineering received a Master’s, Ph.D., research greatly influenced the and D.Sc. from the Technical formation of our department in University of Prague. He was early years. Sid was born on the cofounder and head of Jan. 1, 1914 in Bayonne, N. J., the Division of Chemistry at son of Ben Hur and Eva Neuman the Institute of Macromolecu- Sobin. He entered the lar Chemistry in Prague, and University of Michigan in 1931 on an athletic he served as professor and head of the Polymer scholarship, received his Ph.D. in 1938, and M.D. in Department at the Technical University of Prague 1941. In 1942-44, he was Instructor at Washington from 1966 to 1972. He came to UCSD as a visiting University, St Louis. In 1944-46, he was Fellow at professor in 1980. He is survived by Jana, his wife of Harvard with Dr. Landis. He was Research Physiologist 47 years, their two children and five grandchildren. at the University of Southern California from 1947-56 and Professor and Director of the Greater Los Angeles Drahoslav made a remarkable achievement early in American Heart Association Cardiovascular Research his scientific life. In the early part of the last Lab from 1957 on. From 1976 on he was Adj. Prof. of century, doctors trying to find materials that could Bioengineering at UCSD. Dr. Sobin’s worked closely with be used as implants for bone replacements, substi- Dr. Fung in the development of the lung sheet flow tute blood vessels, artificial kidneys and other theory and model. He developed many surgical models devices attempted to simply adapt existing construc- and standardized a casting technique for making tion materials for implant use. This led to an models of microvascular beds in vital organs. Dr. Sobin extensive trial-and-error process of material testing gave advice freely and was attentive to people’s needs. that was largely ineffective. Drahoslav’s approach Faculty, students and staff considered him as a walking was to determine why the existing materials were encyclopaedia and a true scholar and gentleman. At the not successful and then synthesize completely new age of 87, Dr. Sobin was the principal investigator of a materials specifically for implantation. He noticed California Cancer Program grant involving the early that tissues have water throughout and reasoned diagnosis of bladder cancer. He passed away on that an implant with a polymer gel surface that October 25, 2001 after a brief attack of leukemia. imbibes water would appear as a watery surface to the tissue and would not be recognized as foreign. Dr. Sobin was one of the founders of the He reasoned that the polymers should have a Microcirculation Society. He wrote the Society’s first set relatively rigid structural backbone, but should be of Bylaws, and served as its President in 1965-1967. On capable of becoming hydrated and gel-like in a June 12, 1980, he was honored with the Landis Award. controllable way. The new material was named a In his acceptance speech he said, “My personal feelings “hydrogel,” and a description of the polymer was are lofted by the name attached to the award. Eugene published in a landmark Nature paper. It also led Landis exemplifies both in his science and in his immediately to soft and comfortable contact lenses, personality.” The same can be said of Sid Sobin, who, in which became an enormous world-wide application, science and in personality, are the finest in our as well as gel coatings for a variety of other im- profession. plants. Drahoslav’s idea of designing novel implant of thesefeatures indesirable ratios andstillhave a these are buttoincorporate significantchallenges, all by combiningvarious polymerstogether. Individually, but hewas abletoimpartofvariety specialproperties membranes were made ofbiocompatiblepolymers, membranes for implantableglucosesensors.The At UCSD, Dr. Limmadearemarkable range ofnovel about othergovernments. cism abouttheCommunism,andslightlylessso successful, butitleftDrahoslav withahealthy skepti- tiation withtheCommunistbureaucracy wasactually emigrate. Thiswas oneoftheonlytimesthatnego- and tortuousapproachtolegallywininghisright Instead ofsimplydefecting, Drahoslav tookalong importance. was a“statesecret”andhadmilitary his desire toleave andusedtheexcuse thathiswork government theninpowerwasnotsympatheticwith his family totheUnitedStates.TheCommunist communist government over thelegalemigration of energy innegotiatingwiththeCzechoslovakian publicly involved inscienceandspentmuchofhis During several subsequentyears,Drahoslav was not success oftheartificialheart. recommendations ledtorapid advances inthe coating thatwouldnotdamageblood.Hisvarious could bedeveloped tocreateawaterygelsurface heart. Dr. Limwas asked ifhishydrogel coatings in contactwiththeinternalsurfaces oftheartificial address theproblem came ofblooddamagewhenit Utah, whowas adeveloper oftheartificialheart,to contacted byDr. Kolff Willem oftheUniversity of working withProfessor Paul Florey. Hewas soon and was appointedavisitingprofessor atStanford, Dr. Limcamefor totheUSin1970 anextendedvisit many othersinthefield. “biocompatibility,” andmadetheway forresearch of time. Itledtotheuseofnewwordssuchas body was acompletelynewway ofthinkingatthe materials tocoincidewiththerequirementsof David Gough and positive onlife. outlook appreciation forculture inthebroadest sense, discussions revealed hiswonderful humanity, jects andavariety ofothersubjects.These meeting withhimtodiscussthetechnicalsub- years atUCSD, many ofushadthepleasure spoke little ofhisownachievements. Duringhis Drahoslav was alsoavery modestman. He technicallandmarks. which were journals, heauthoredover 150patents,manyof had over 80scientificpublicationsintechnical ity. Hewasavery practical man.Althoughhe approaches thatweresurprisingfor theirsimplic- noveltextbook solutions,heoftencameupwith oftenisatpresent.Insteadthan it ofstandard teaching ofchemistryshouldbemorepractical opinionsabouthowthe and hehadstrong Dr. Limwas always keenly interestedineducation remarkable. and canbemadeinlargequantities isquite membrane thatismechanicallystrong,sterilizable 61 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY FULL PROFESSORS Hoger, Anne (MAE) Chien, Shu (Joint w/Medicine) Kellner, Al (ECE) Fung, Y.C. (Emeritus) Lieber, Richard (Orthopaedic Surgery) Giles, Wayne (Joint w/Medicine) Omens, Jeff (Medicine) Gough, David Sung, Kuo-li Paul (Orthopaedic Surgery) Heller, Michael (Joint w/ECE) Thomson, Scott (Medicine) Intaglietta, Marcos (Joint w/Medicine) Wagner, Peter (Medicine) McCulloch, Andrew West, John B. (Medicine) Palsson, Bernhard (Joint w/Medicine) Schmid-Schönbein, Geert (Joint w/Medicine) LECTURERS Subramaniam, Shankar (Joint w/Chem/Biochem) Citron, Paul Sah, Robert Dobak, John Watson, John Kedrosky, Paul Lutz, Michael ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS Bhatia, Sangeeta (Joint w/Medicine) RESEARCH SCIENTIST Sung, Amy Usami, Shunichi

ASSISTANT PROFESSORS ASSOCIATE RESEARCH SCIENTISTS Hasty, Jeff Baker, Dale (Lecturer) Huang, Xiaohua Price, Jeffrey (Lecturer) Huber, Gary Tsai, Amy G. (Lecturer) Ideker, Trey Silva, Gabriel (Joint w/Ophthalmology) ASSISTANT RESEARCH SCIENTISTS Mihaylova, Anouchka P. ADJUNCT PROFESSORS Wang, Nanping Albisser, Michael Berns, Michael PROJECT SCIENTISTS Bjursten, Lars Chen, Peter C.Y. (Lecturer) Cantor, Charles Mikale, Milan T. Galas, David Hugli, Tony ASSOCIATE PROJECT SCIENTISTS Johnson, Paul Hu, Ying-li Lee, Jen-Shih Huang, Wei MacKenna (Asst.) Li, Yi-shuan Ruoslahti, Erkki Zhao, Yihua Tong, Pin

ASSISTANT PROJECT SCIENTISTS AFFILIATED FACULTY Chen, Albert Chau, Pao (MAE) Miao, Hui Chien, Ken (Medicine) Usyk, Taras Covell, James (Medicine) Volfson, Dimitri Ellismen, Mark (Neuroscience) NIH BECONRecognition Award NIH Director'sAward Jacob JavitsNeuroscience InvestigatorAward PHS SpecialRecognition Award National CancerInstitute OutstandingInvestigatorAward NIH ForgatyInternational Fellow PHS SpecialFellow NIH CareerAward U.S. P U.S. G Medal ofMerit,OrderHealth“Dr.Humberto Fernandez Moran,Venezuela” National HealthMedal,DepartmentofHealth,Taiwan, ROC Nobel Fellow,KarolinskaInstitute,Stockholm Russian AcademyofSciences Knight, OrderoftheWhiteRoseFinland Member: Foreign Academy ofSciencethePeople’sRepublic China Member: Foreign Academy ofSciencesandLetterstheRoyalSocietyNorway Royal SocietyforMedicineofIreland Czechoslovakian AcademyofSciences Finnish AcademyofSciences Technology TransferSpecialAward Soviet Union,Kiev,InternationalCancerResearch Member, AcademiaSinica,Taiwan F Award: Galletti Pierre S. Subramaniam, 2000;B.Palsson, 1999;M.Berns, 2002 S. J. Sobin, Watson, J.B. West, 1992;P. Citron,1993;M.Intaglietta, 1994:A.McCulloch,1998;J.A. Frangos, Fellow: President: A A Member: Senior I Member: N Award: Founders The Member: N U.S. A U D NSTITUTE OREIGN MERICAN MERICAN ATIONAL ATIONAL NITED EPARTMENT S. Chien, M. Ellisman, Y.C. S. Chien,M.Ellisman, Fung,D. Gough,G.W. J.S. Lee; G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, R.Skalak, UBLIC CADEMIES S OVERNMENT C.Cantor, 1988; Y.C. Fung,1992;E.Ruoslahti, 1999 Y.C. Fung,1979;R.Skalak,1988;S. Chien,1997;J. Watson, 1998,P. Citron,2003 A A A S. Chien,2000-01 I A TATES OF CADEMIES NSTITUTE CADEMY CADEMY CADEMY H M EALTH Y.C. Fung,1991;Member:S. Chien,1994;E.Ruoslahti,2002 EDICINE N (Historicfirstclass)Y.C. Fung,1994 M.Berns,1992;K.R.Chien,2004 ATIONAL

OF OF A S. Sobin,1962-93 OF

S J. Watson, 2002;S. Chien,2004 J.T. Watson, 1968-1971 OF

Y.C. Fung, 1998

E S AND A GENCIES OF ERVICE

M J.T. Watson, 1996,1998,2000,2002 OF NGINEERING CIENCES RTS

EDICAL N THE B M

AND

ATIONAL AND N EDAL IOENGINEERING

Member: Foreign Member: Foreign S

ATIONAL AND N J.T. Watson, 2003 J.T. Watson, 1986 CIENCES

OF ATIONAL P.C. Johnson,1984 B Y.C. Fung, 1966;S. Chien,1976 A S M. Berns, 1977 M.Berns, IOLOGICAL WARDS A

E.Ruoslahti,1989 CIENCE Member:

C.Cantor, 1988;E.Ruoslahti,1993;J.B. West, 2001 Medal of Merit: of Medal CADEMY I NSTITUTES E.Ruoslahti,1994 Y.C. Fung,2000 E J.B. West, 1995 M. Berns, 1991 M.Berns,

E.Ruoslahti,1995 OF M.Ellisman,1989 NGINEERING S CIENCE

OF A R.Skalak,1990 H WARDS EALTH C.Cantor, 1985;E. Ruoslahti, 1986 S.Chien,1998

AND R ECOGNITION M.Intaglietta, 2002 63 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY A WARDS AND RECOGNITION ( CONTINUED)

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Presidential Young Investigator A. Hoger, 1990; A. McCulloch, 1991 Research Initiation & Young Investigator Awards R.L. Sah, 1993-99 CAREER Award G. Huber: 2001-05; S. Bhatia, 2002-07; J. Hasty, 2003-08 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DOD Army Breast Cancer Research Program Innovator Award: E. Ruoslahti, 2002

U.S. PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES American Academy of Dermatology Leila Gruber Cancer Research Award: E. Ruoslahti, 1993 American Academy of Mechanics President: Y.C. Fung, 1983-84, Fellow: R. Skalak, 1982 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Kappa Delta Award: R. Lieber, 1994 American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow: C. Cantor, 1981; M. Berns 1983; P.C. Johnson, 1984; J.B. West, 1987 American Association for Cancer Research G.H.A. Clowes Award: E. Ruoslahti, 1990 American Association of Medical Instrumentation Laufman-Greatbatch Prize: J. Watson, 1995 American College of Chest Physicians Presidential Citation: J.B. West, 1977; Distinguished Lecturer in Physiology: P.D. Wagner, 1992 American Bone and Joint Surgeons Nicolas Andry Award: R. Lieber, 2002 American Fertility Society Ortho Pharmaceutical Lectureship: M. Berns, 1971 American Heart Association Established Investigators Award: B.W. Zweifach, 1950-55; W. Giles, 1995- 2003; Fellow: G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, 2001 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIAA Fellow: Y.C. Fung, 1969 Jeffries Medical Research Award: J.B. West, 1992 American Institute of Chemical Engineering Fellow: B. Palsson, 2002 American Society for Artificial Internal Organs Hasting Lecture: J.T. Watson, 2004 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Herbert A. Sober Award: C. Cantor, 1990 American Physiological Society President: J.B. West, 1985-86; S. Chien, 1990-91; Orr Reynolds Prize for History: J.B. West, 1987; Ray Daggs Award: J.B. West, 1998; S. Chien, 1999; Carl Wiggers Award: B.W. Zweifach, 1993; P.C. Johnson, 1981; Walton B. Cannon Memorial Lecture: K.R. Chien, 1995; S. Chien, 2002; Edward F. Adolph Distinguished Lectureship Award: P.D. Wagner, 2002; Guyton Teacher of the Year Award: J.B. West, 2002 American Society of Biomechanics Borrelli Award: Y.C. Fung, 1992 American Society of Civil Engineering Fellow: R. Skalak, 1985; Theodore Von Karman Medal: Y.C. Fung, 1976; R. Skalak, 1987 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Fellow: Y.C. Fung, 1979; R. Skalak, 1981; Lissner Award for Bioengineering: Y.C. Fung, 1976; R. Skalak, 1985; Centennial Service Medal: R. Skalak, 1980; Y.C. Fung, 1981; Worcester Reed Warner Medal: Y.C. Fung, 1984; Awards named after Y.C. Fung: “Y.C. Fung Young Investigator Award”, 1986; “Y.C. Fung Young Investigator Medal”, 1999; Y.C. Fung Young Investiga- tor Award: S. Bhatia, 2003; Timoshenko Medal: Y.C. Fung, 1991; Bioengineering Division Best Paper Award: S. Chien, C. Dong, G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, R. Skalak, & K.L.P. Sung, 1989; Y.C. Fung & S.Q. Liu, 1993; A. McCulloch, 1998; Melville Medal: S. Chien, Dong, G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, R. Skalak, & K.L.P. Sung, 1991; Y.C. Fung & S.Q. Liu, 1993; S. Chien (with Y. Huang and S. Weinbaum of CCNY), 1996 ASME International Honorary Membership: Y.C. Fung, 1996 American Society of Professional Engineers DOT/RSPA Engineer of the Year: P. Tong, 1986 American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons Simon Fredericks Award: M. Berns, 1982 American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery President: M. Berns, 1987-88; William B. Mark Award: M. Berns, 1990 American Thoracic Society Robert Grover Prize Pulmonary Circulation Assembly: P.D. Wagner, 2000; J. Burns Amberson Award: P.D. Wagner, 2001; Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal: J.B. West, 2002; President: P.D. Wagner, 2005-06 Biomedical Society 2002; Y.C. Fung,2003; Congress Co-Chairmen: Congress First WorldCongressof Biomechanics International UnionofPhysiological Sciences 1993 Award” International SocietyonOxygenTransporttoTissues Investigators 1995 Young International SocietyforOncodevelopmentalBiology andMedicine “Chien-Fung of Chinese Society ofBiophysics,1995; FirstAwardee: H.Miao, 1995 Establshment International SocietyofBiorheology Chairmen: Hemorheology Chair:F. Liao) Biorheology of Clinical Congress International 3rd 2002 International SocietyofBiorheology International InstituteforMicrocirculation Gairdner Foundation I Society forBiomaterials Society ofEngineeringSciences Smithsonian Foundation 1985 Reticuloendothelial Society Orthopaedic ReserachSociety 1993; given atWorld CongressesofMicrocirculation, 1982; M. Intaglietta, 1999; 1983; Award: Johnson, 1967-68;S. Chien,1980-81;M.Intaglietta, 1985-86;G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, 2003-04; Achievement The MicrocirculatorySociety Lifetime Asian Pan Engineers of Institute Chinese Cantor, 2000; Biophysical Society Award: Lecture 1992; Distinguished Whitaker Award: Schönbein, 1991-92;J.S. Lee,1994-95; Automation Lab Biomedical EngineeringSociety of Association Arthritis Foundation Biology: Biology: Chair: Award: Substitutes Blood on Symposium tional Chair: Biorheology of Congress tional Fellow: Award: Landis Instrumentation: M. Biochemical in Medal: Advances Pioneer Institution Smithsonian NTERNATIONAL S. Chien,2005; Curt Wiederhielm Award: Wiederhielm Curt Award: Service Outstanding P.C. Johnson,1985 President, S.Chien,1992-1993; Chairs of Departments of Physiology Distinguished Service Award: Service Distinguished Physiology of Departments of Chairs P B.W. Zweifach, 1971;Y.C. Fung,1975;P.C. Johnson,1976;S. Sobin, 1980;S. Chien, ROFESSIONAL Award named after B.W. Zweifach: B.W. after named Award

Jubilee Award: Jubilee Talbot Award: Talbot Jacobaeus International Prize: International Jacobaeus

International Distinguished Lecture Award: Lecture Distinguished International Award: Investigator Arthritis Duggan Irene Hulda S. ChienandR.Skalak,1990 International Award: International

C. William Hall Award: Award: Hall William C. Citation for Innovation in Computing: in Innovation for Citation

G.W. Schmid-Schönbein andA.Swei President:

President: President: S

Kappa Delta (Ann Doner Vaughan) Award: Vaughan) Doner (Ann Delta Kappa J.S. Lee,1988; OCIETIES

R.Lieber, 1981; President: President: E.Ruoslahti,2003 S.Chien,2005(Inconjunctionwith5thInternational Congressof S.Subramaniam,2001 D. Galas,1999; M.Intaglietta, 1996,J.S. Lee,1998; ALZA Award: Award: ALZA Harvey Society Lecture: Society Harvey andthe B.W. Zweifach, 1965; Poiseuille Medal: Poiseuille C.Cantor, 1989

Chairman of the Steering Committee: Steering the of Chairman B.W. Zweifach 1960-61&1979-80;S.Sobin, 1965-67;P.C. E.Ruoslahti, 1997 M.Intaglietta, 1993; R.Skalak,1982 Y.C. Fung,1982-83;R.Skalak,1986-87;G.W. Schmid-

Honorary President: Honorary International SocietyofClinicalHematology Distinguished Service Award: Service Distinguished J.T. Watson, 2000

35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences Physiological of Congress International 35th Y.C. FungandB.W. Zweifach, 1978; E.Ruoslahti, 1998 Innovative Instrumentation Award: Instrumentation Innovative Fellow: Fellow: R. Skalak,1983;Y.C. Fung,1989;S. Chien,1993; Federation of American Societies for Experimental for Societies American of Federation “Benjamin Zweifach “Benjamin Award inMicrocirculation” for the Chinese Association of Biorheology and for theChinese AssociationofBiorheology Y.C. Fung,1986;R.Skalak,1989;S. Chien,

President: C. Cantor, 1992; Honorary Life Member: Life Honorary E.Ruoslahti,1988; S. Subramaniam, 1997 M.Intaglietta, 2002 Young Investigator Award: Investigator Young B.W. Zweifach, 1983; Y.C. Fung,2004; P.D. Wagner, 1992-93; R.L.Sah,1993-1996 Lamport Award: Lamport

Abbott Award: Abbott R.L.Sah,1993 Emily M. Gray Award: Gray M. Emily S. Chien,2001;J.S. Lee, P.C. Johnson,2000; Y.C. Fung,1986-90. ISCO Award for Award ISCO B.W. Zweifach, M.Intaglietta, Computerworld- 12th Interna- 12th E.Ruoslahti, Distinguished K.L.P. Sung, Interna- A.Tsai, Eugene C. 65 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY World Congress for Microcirculation Second World Congress of Microcirculation Chairmen: Y.C. Fung and B.W. Zweifach, 1979; Fifth World Congress for Microcirculation Benjamin Zweifach Award: S. Chien, 1991 World Council for Biomechanics Chairman: Y.C. Fung, 1994-1998; Honorary Chair: Y.C. Fung, 1998-99 Asian Conference on Microcirculation Gold Medal: B.W. Zweifach, 1993; S. Usami, 2000 British Association for Cancer Research Walter Hubert Lecture: E. Ruoslahti, 1992 British Microcirculatory Society Honorary Member: B.W. Zweifach, 1984; Claude Bernard Medal in Physiology, Canada: B.W. Zweifach, 1964 European Academy of Science Member: M. Intaglietta, 2001 European Respiratory Society Presidential Award: P.D. Wagner, 2001 European Society for Clinical Hemorheology The First Fåhraeus Medal in Clinical Hemorheology: S. Chien, 1981 European Societies for Microcirculation Malpighi Gold Award: P. C. Chen, S. Kovalcheck, G.W. Schmid-Schönbein & B.W. Zweifach, 1980; M. Intaglietta, 1994; Lafon Award: G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, 1994. European Societies for Phlebology Ratchow-Memorial Gold Medal: G.W. Schmid-Schönbein, 1999 German Society of Clinical Chemistry Biochemical Analysis Prize: C. Cantor, 1988 German Phlebological Society Honorary Member: A. Fronek, 1988 Hungarian Physiological Society Honorary Member: P.C. Johnson, 1990 Japan Society of Mechanical Engineering Bioengineering Award: Y.C. Fung, 1995 Japanese Biochemical Society Honorary Member: C. Cantor, 2000

FOUNDATIONS AND OTHER PRIVATE SECTORS David Baltimore Whitehead Fellow T. Ideker, 2002 Becton-Dickinson Career Achievement Award A. Albisser, 1981 BioMEMS & Biomedical Nanotechnology Scientific Leadership Award: S. Bhatia, 2001 BioMEMS & Biomedical Nanotechnology World Meeting Clinical Transition Award: D. Gough, 2002 Bristol-Meyers Squibb/Zimmer Research Award: K.L.P. Sung, 1997 Fulbright Fellow B. Palsson, 1995 Genome Technology All Star Award: S. Subramaniam, 2002 Guggenheim Fellow C. Cantor, 1973-74 Humboldt Preiss Senior Scientist Award: M. Intaglietta, 1982-83 Humboldt Fellow A. Fronek, 1988 IVAC Award D. Gough, 1982 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation W. F. Talbert Award: D. Gough, 1981; David Rumbough Award: A. Albisser, 1981; M. J. Kugel Award: D. Gough, 1996 Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry: C. Cantor, 1978 MIT Technology Review TR100 (100 most innovative young scientists): Bhatia, 2003 David and Lucile Packard Fellow: S. Bhatia, 1999-2004 Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Award: E. Ruoslahti, 1991; K.R. Chien, 1996 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow: C. Cantor, 1969-71; J. Hasty, 2003-05 Popular Science Magazine “Best of What’s New” Award: S. Bhatia, 2002 San Diego Magazine “50 People to Watch in 2004”: S. Bhatia, 2004 T Sector and BIOCOM Chief Scientist of the Year: C. Cantor, 2002 Ernst Young Prize for Medicine, Hamburg, Germany: J.B. West, 1977 Deborah C.Yager Steve A.Jones 1985 Pius H-S. Tse Thomas Skalak Patrick A.Shoemaker 1984 Albert C.Ting Robert J. Siefert Peter M.Burkhard Gary L.Boseck 1983 Lewis K.Waldman Dennis C.Schneider 1982 Paul F. Zupkas Cheng-Jen Chuong 1981 Peter J. Talmachoff John K.Leypoldt M.FentonBruce Jeffrey L.Borders 1980 Peter Chen 1978 J.Vlymen William 1977 Geert W. Schmid-Schoenbein Joel M.Price Larry L.Malcom Anthony D. Falco Stephen E.Borders 1976 Donald L.Vawter Robert R.Myers Herbert H.Lipowsky 1975 Michael R-T. Yen Yu-Liang H.Chen 1973 John Silva John G.Pinto Gerald J.Kost 1972 Frank C-P. Yin Flicker Elliot Evan A.Evans 1970 B IOENGINEERING Sandra L.Van Leuven Deidre A.Mackenna 1994 David Tung Robin Shandas Andrea M.Rourke Jack M.Rogers Edward K.Rodriquez Karen D. May Newman Shouyan Lee 1993 Jianbo Zhou Enrique Saldivar Ronald J.Podhajsky Jack C.Debes Dirk-Uwe G.Bartsch Dale A.Baker 1992 A.Breit Gregory 1991 S.WayneJennifer Jeffrey H.Price Shu Q. Liu Jye Lee Ghassan S.Kassab Julius M.Guccione R.Collins Gregory 1990 Amy C.Tsai Bradley J. Sargent Sima Mehlberg Michelle C.Mazzoni Sima Ertefai 1989 I.Simon Scott Jeffrey H.Omens Joerg U.Meyer Joseph M.Hollis Joseph L.Higgins Christopher J.Armour 1988 Hao Xue Tadashi Tamura Donald W. Sutton Takaai Nakagawa Soheila Mirhashemi Joseph Y. Lucisano Nancy M.Frandson Jorge Barroso-Aranda 1987 Mitsumasa Matsuda Patricia J.Conway 1986 P H .D. G RADUATES Darwin A.Farrow Craig B. Clark J.Jeff Bishop 2000 J.VogtCamille Frederick J. Vetter Sonya R.Summerour Gregory C.Steinbach George Pappas Reza Mazhari William G.Lindsley Jin Gang Karl Francis Jeremy S.Edwards Douglas G.Chang Troy M.Bremer Walton W. Baxter 1999 Mohammad Sotoudeh Atipat Rojnuckarin Tina J. Patel Daniel Oblinger Michael E.Miller Ming-Chao Lin Erik B. Kistler William J.Karlon Shila Jalali Tabassum Ahsan 1998 Malini Viswanathan Allen Swei Robert M.Schinagl Keihan Rafii Michael R.McCarthy Song Li Cynthia Gibas Jeffrey L.Emery Albert C.S.Chen David R.Carta Thomas J. Burkholder 1997 Yihua Zhao Darin Saltzman Fariborz Moazzam Ann A.Lee David C.Karr Thomas Ioerger P.Brian Helmke Janet C.Hansen 1996 Laura Walsh Jeffrey W. Holmes Catherine G.Galbraith Kevin Costa Wolfgang F. Bluhm 1995 Valerie LiuTsang Feimo Shen Edgar Gutierrez Stephen Fong Imandokht Famili Won CholBae Jared Allen 2004 Sharon J. Wiback Rampriya Ramarathnam Ilka Lorenzen-Schmidt Roland R.Kaunas Markus W. Covert Joel R.Bock 2003 Amanda K.Williamson Yingxiao Wang Carlos J. Vera Sameer B.Shah Nathan L.McKnight Kelvin W. Li Michael C.Jablecki Susanne Heynen Keith L.Herrmann Yiping Fan 2002 Derrick Sung James Schnitzer Leslie McNeil Melissa S.Kurtis George Hunter Yiping Fan Michael A.Dimicco Twana Howard Davisson Miguel E.Bravo-Zanoguera Elliot B.Botvinick 2001 Sara M.Weis Richard K.Suzuki Christophe H.Schilling Todd N.McAllister Dennis Livesay Joe T. Lin Pin-Pin Hsu Adam H.Hsieh 67 D EPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING 10TH ANNIVERSARY