Note of Explanation Introduction
Notes Note of Explanation 1. Richard Morse, From Community to Metropolis: A Biography of São Paulo, Brazil (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1958); Annibal Villanova Villela and Wilson Suzigan, Política do governo e crescimento da economia brasileira, 1889–1945 (Rio de Janeiro: Instituto de Planejamento Econômico e Social/Instituto de Pesquisas, 1977); and Carlos Manuel Peláez and Wilson Suzigan, História monetária do Brasil: análise da política, comportamento e instituições monetárias (Brasília: Editora da Universidade de Brasília, 1981). Introduction 1. Throughout the book, these three groups are referred to as the Escritório (F.P. Ramos de Azevedo Technical Firm), DOP (Municipal Works Department), and Cia City (City of São Paulo Improvements and Freehold Land Company Limited), respectively. 2. Historians have positioned themselves within different paradigms in the discipline, as seen in Stanley Stein’s “The Historiography of Brazil: 1808–1889,” Hispanic American Historical Review 40, no. 2, (1960): 234–78; Thomas Skidmore’s “Studying the History of Latin America: A Case of Hemispheric Convergence,” Latin American Research Review 1998; and John Johnson’s “One Hundred Years of Historical Writing on Modern Latin America by U.S. Historians,” Hispanic American Historical Review 65, no. 4 (1985): 745–766. The study of the history of Brazil was at first diachronic- ally divided into periods—colonial (from encounter to 1816), empire (1816–1889), the “Old Republic” (1889–1930), the first time Vargas was in power (1930–1945), the democratic era (1945–1964), military dictatorship (1964–1985), and the New Republic (1985 to present)—and then saw its emphasis gradually move from periodization to other methodological approaches.
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