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Census of India, 1931 ·. ---~ . Census of India, 1931 VOL. I-INDIA Part 1--Report • by J. H. HUTTON, C.J.E., D.Sc., F.A.S.B., Carreapoacllaa Me1nber of the Anthropologieche Gesell-chait of Vlama To which ia annexed an ACTUARIAL REPORT by L S. Vaidyanathan, F. I. A. DELHI: MANAGRR OF' PUBLICATION8 1933 Governmen~ of In~~ ~blications are _obtainable from the Manager of Publica­ tions, Ctvil Lmes, Old Delhi, a.nd from the following Agents :- EUROPE. U-45.2.St') OJ' OniCE THE HIGH COMMISSIONER F0R INDIA, G1 lNDIA HousE, ALDwYCH, LONDON, W. C. 2. v l• I And at all Booksellers. INDIA AND CEYLON : Provincial Book Depots. 16$l6 2.. ..IAJ,f:Ml :..:._Superintet•dent, Government Press, Mount Road, Madras liOltlHY :--:-.Superir.tendent, Go;-crnment Print ,ng and Stationery, Queen's Road, Bombay. StNL> :- -Ltbrary attad1ed to the Oflice of the Commissioner in Sind, Karachi. H!!:I>'i.\L :-Bengal :-iecretariat Book Deput. Writers' Buildings, Room No. 1, Ground Floor, Calcutta. UNJTEJJ PrrovJ:;CEs OF MRA AND OuDH :-.Superintendent of Government Press, United Provinces of ARra and Oudh, Allahabad. PUNJAB :-Superintendent, Govemment Printing, Punjab, Lahore. BURMA :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Burma, Rangoon. CENTRAL PROVINCES ANL> BERAR :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Central Provinces Nagpur. '.\.ssAM :-Superintendent, Assam Secretariat Press, Shillong. ' BJHAn AND ORISSA :-Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar altd Orissa, P. 0. Gu!,.u·bagh Patna. NoRTH-\\TE.ST FRONTIER PROVJNC£ :-Manager, Goverument Printing and Stationery, Pe:;haw~. Thacker Spink & Co., Ltd., Calcutta and Simla. The :::\tudents Own Rook Depot, Dharwar. W. Newman & Co., Ltd., Calcutta. Shri Shankar Karnataka Pustal-"a Bhandara, Mala- 8. K. Lahiri & Co., Caleutta. 1t1udrli, Dharwar. The Inui:m Sdwol ::;upply Dep&t, 309, Bow Bazar The English Book Depot, Ft:rozepore. Street, Calcutta. Frontier Book & Stationery Co., Rawalpindi. Butterworth & Co. (India), Ltd., Calcutta. •Hossenbhoy Lrimji anJ Sons, Karaclu. M. C. Sarcar & Sons. 15, College Square, Cal!lutta. The English Bookstall, Karachi. Stnndard Literature_ Company, Limited, Calcutta. Rose & Co., Karachi. A'~"ciation Press, Calcutta. Kealt & Co., Karachi. CLukerv~rtty, Chatterjee & Co., Ltd., 13, College Ram Chander & Sons, Ambala, Kasanli. Square, Calcutta. The Standard Bookstall, Quetta and Lahon;. The Book Company, Calcutta. U. P. Malhotra & Co., Quetta. Jan,es Murray & Co., 12, Government Place, Calcutta. J. Ray & Sons, 43 K. & L., Edwardes Road, Rawai- (For Meteorological Publications only.) pindi, Murree and Lahore. Ray, Choudhury & Co., 68-5, Asutosh Mukherji Road, '!'he Standard Book Depot, Lahore, Nainital, Calcutta. liJussoorie, Dalhousie, Ambala Cantonment and Scientific Publishing Co., 9, Taltola Lane, Calcutta. Delhi. Chatterjee & Co., 3-1, Bacharau1 Chatterjee Lane, The North India Chtistian Tract and Book Society, Calcutta. 18, Clive RoaJ, Allahabad. Standard Law Book Society, '1, Hastings Street, Ham Narain Lal, Katn., Allahabad. Calcutta. '' The Leader ", Allahabad. 'fbe Hindu Library, 3, Nandalal Mullick Lane, The Indian Army Book Depot, Dayalbagh, Agra. Calcutta. The English Book Depot, Taj Road, Agra. Kaltlala Book Depot, Ltd., J 1;, College Square, Gaya Prasad & Sons, Agra. Calcutta. Narayan & Co., Meston Road, Cawnpore. The Pioneer Book Supply Co., 20, Shih Narain Das 'rh~: Indian Army Book Depot, Jullundur City- Lane, Calcutta. Daryaganj, Delhi. P. C. Sarkar & Co., 2, Shama Charan De Street, Manager, Newal Kishore _Press, Lucknow. Calcutta. 'l'he Upper India Publishi~~g House, Ltd., Literature •Bengal Flying Club, Dum Dum Cantt. Palace, Ammuddaula Park, Lucknow. l:ali Charan & Co., Municipal Market, Calcutta. Rai Sahib M. Gulab Singh & Sons, Muftd-i-Am Press, N. M. Roy Chowdhury & Co., ll, College Sqr., Lahore ai!d. Allahabad. Calcutta. Hama Krishna & Sons, Booksellers, Anarknli, Lahore. Grautha Mandir, Cuttack. Student:> Popular Depot, Anarkali, Lahore. B. C. Bas11k, Esq., Proprietor, Albert Library, Dac(ja. The Proprietor, Punjab Sanskrit Book Depot, Higgiubothams, Madras. Saidmithn Street, Lahore. Rochouse & Sons, Madras. The Insuranoe Publicity Co., Ltd., Lahore. G. A~ Natesan & Co., Publishers, George Town, The Punjab Religious Book Society, Lahore. Madras. The Commercial Book Co., Lahore. P. Varadachary & Co., Madras. The Univl!uity Book Agency, Kachari Road, Lahore. City Book Co., Madras. Manager of the Imperial Book Depot, 63, Chandney Lnw Publishiug Co., Mylapore, Madras. Chawk Street, Delhi. · '!'.Ire Booklover's Resort, Taikad, Trivandrum, South ,J. M. Jaina & Bros., Delhi. Intlia. • Fono Book Agency, New Delhi and Simla. E. M. Gopalakrishua Kone, Pudumandapam, Madul'U Oxfor1l Book and Stationery Companv. Delhi, Lahore, Cent,al R11ok Depot, Madura. SirrJa, Meerut and Calcutta. Vijapur & Co., Vi:~agupatam. Mohanlal Dossabhai Sh~ Rajkot. 'fhackt'r c..: Co., Ltd., llombay. Supdt., American Bapli:;t Mission Press, Rangoon. D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay. Burma Book Clnh, Ltrl., Rangoon. Ram Chuwira Govind & Sons, Kalbadevi Road, S. C. Talukdar, Proprietor, Students & Co., Coocb B.. ··bay. Behar. N. 'M. Tripathi & Co., Booksellers, Princess Street, The Manager, The Indian Book Shop, Benares City. Kalhadcvi Road, Bombay. Xnndkishore & Bros., Chowk, Benares City. ~l'w :tuu ~t'condhantl .Bookshop, Kalbadevi HoH<l. The Sriv:illiputtur Co-operative Trading Union Ltd. Bnnd.Jav. Srivilliputtur (S. I. R.). ' ' ,J. M. Pandia & Co., Bombay. Raghunath Prasad & Sons, Patna City. A. H. Wheeler & Co., Allahabad, Calcutta and The Students' Emporium, Patna. Bombav. K L. :\Inthur & Bros., Guzri, Patna City. Bnmha,v ·Book DepOt, Girgaon, lloml>ay. Kamala Book Store~, Bankipore, Patna. Dt'nnett Coleman & Co., Ltd., The Times of India G. Banerjea & Bro~ .. Ranchi. l'r<'8S, Bombay. M. C. Kothari. Haifmra Road, Baroda. Tlw Popular Bonk Depot, Bombay. B. Parikh & Co., Baroda. Lawrence & Mavo, Ltd., Bombav. The Hyderabad Book Depot, Chatlerghat, Hyderabad ThP. M:onagl'r, Ori~ntal Buok Supplying Agency, 15, (Deccan). ~hukrnwnr, Poonn Citv. S. Kri:;hnaswami & Co., Teppakulam P. 0., Triehino- Ha~R Krishna Bros., O{,po~ite Vishrambag,' PooM noly Fort. S. ~~.l~ookstall, ~1, Budbwar, Poona. StHnrl~~rd Book and Map Agency, Book Sellers and Publishers, Ballygunge. ThP Intl'rn~ttional Book-' Service, Poona 4. K Man!<alt1n~ & Sons, Booksellers and PubliehPTB, arnatah Puhlishing House, Bangalore City. P.ha'-"a Ta!ao, S:1rat. Bheema Sons, Fort, Bangalore City. Th,, Stan•lRrd ·Book anfl Stationery Co., 32-33, Ruperintendent, Bangalore Press, Lake View, Mysnre Arhah Road, Peshawar. Road, Bangalore City. --------------AGENT rw PAJ.ESTINB :-Steimatzky, Jerusalem. ____ OFFIOE OF THE CENSUS COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA.. SWnlD, tAe 4th JuM 1933. To The Hon'ble Sir HARRY HAIG, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., I.C.S., Member of the Governor-General's Executive Cwncil, Simla. Sir, I have the Jumour to ~Ulnn·it herewith a report on the census of India taken in Felw'IJMy 1931. The reports and "tab1£s prepMed for indivUlu,al Provinces and States have already been puhlisluJd, since the necessary materwl is availiJble in detail 'JWovincW,Uy beffYre it can be oompiled jO'f the whole of India. These provincial and state oolurnes will be found to deal in particuJm' with points which ' I have bee,. abl£ amy to treat in. general, and tke method I have followed for the most part has been to examiM for myse~f the figures for I ndw as a whole and then to tum to the provincial re]XJ'fts to point a mmal or adorn the tale, but the ooncl~ formed and the opinions e3pfe8sed are my awn. This InJAa oolume OCJn8'ists of five parts, (i) my report (together ·with that of the actua.ry, Mr. L. S. Vawyanatlw.n), (ii) the stati.,tical tables for India, (iii) a collection of papers of etltn()[Jfaphical interest, (iv) the social and linguistic roops for India and the Provinces bout1~l separately and (v) an admini:strative report, the tWQ IDtter oolum&t bemg interuled primari'£y for departJmenta~ use. In s·uhm,itting it, it is my forttmlll6 duty to 'bring f0f'f114Uy to your fiOtice the able series of the 1931 Ctm~tU Reports alA-eady mentioned, which are numbered indeed after this t'Olume but have appeared before it. I have therefore Ute hortowr to reoommer&d with OO'nftdeooe to your pe'I'UIGl flOC tAil report but the other twemy-&e'001&, CJRd to be sw, J. H. HUTTON, C6IWIV8 c~ fM India. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER. IBTBODUC'l'IOJI L-DIBTBIBUTIOII AIID JIOVBMEIIT OP POPULA!'IOII- (i) Srope of the &port. -Geographical Area : Natural and political divisions ; External· population ; Area and population ; Movement ; Migration ; .' Mortality ; Economic 1 (ii) Prwincial distribution and tJt.Jriatum.-Ajmer-Merwara; Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Assam.; Baluchistan .sengal; Bihar and Orissa; Bom­ bay ; Burma ; the Central Provinces and Berar : Coorg ; Delhi ; Madras ; Notth-W est Frontier Province ; the Punjab : the United Provinces ; Baroda ; the Central India Agency ; Gwalior ; Hyderabad ; Jammu and Kashmir ; the Madras States Agency, Mysore ; Rajpntana ; the Western India States ; Other States (iii) The Populnlion Problem.-Nature of the problem: Rem.ediea .. 11' Subsidiary Tabl~s.-Area of India, provinces and states; Population at six censuses ; Distribution and density of population; Variation in natural popu­ lation ; Comparison of areas and population ; Pers&.s per house and houses " . ../per square mile; Comparison between census figures and vital statistics; ;, Reported birth-rates ; Reported death-rates ; Reported deaths from .. certain disea&·s 33 Appendix.-Population problem~
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