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R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). Republic of Colombia NOTE ON THIS VERSION OF THE FORMAL SUBMISSION OF THE READINESS PREPARATION PROPOSAL FOR REDD + (R-PP) (Version 4.0 – September 27, 2011) The Government of Colombia, as part of the preparation regarding the possibility of carrying out Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) activities, has developed a proposal for readiness for REDD+ (R-PP) within the framework of support received by the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). In this context, we present this fourth version of the document R-PP to be officially submitted as a formal document at the tenth meeting of the FCPF Participants Committee to be held in Berlin, Germany, from October 17 to 19, 2011. This version includes the contributions and adjustments made to previous versions and is the work and collaboration among different stakeholders in the country, including the communities who live directly in the forests, the productive sectors, the state institutions and representatives of civil society. Even included are the PC and TAP reviewers of the FCPF who evaluated the previous versions. While this document is formally submitted for evaluation by the FCPF, we are still inviting interested parties to continue working together with the R-PP development team ([email protected]) to improve this proposal by involving current and future strategic allies to accompany and monitor the proper implementation of resources obtained to strengthen the development of REDD+ activities in the country, within the framework of respect for the rights of communities, the conservation of natural ecosystems, and the effectiveness in the maintenance of carbon stocks in the country. This document may be freely distributed Information versions: Version 3.0: May 2011 available at: http://bit.ly/jgoRYE Version 2.0: April 2011 available at: http://bit.ly/erJiCA Version 1.0: March 2011 available at: http://bit.ly/fn6ICc 1 R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) Country: COLOMBIA Date of Submission or Revision: September 29, 2011 Submission Format: Working Draft Version 5 (revised): December 22, 2010 To be used use by countries submitting a REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) Forest Carbon Partnership Facility - FCPF (United Nations REDD Programme UN-REDD Disclaimer: The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in the Readiness Preparation Proposals (R-PPs) submitted by REDD+ Country Participants and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in the R-PPs do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. UN-REDD Programme disclaimer: in consultation 2 R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The R-PP development team wishes to express its appreciation to the following people who were actively involved throughout the developing process of this document and also in the various work places that were developed in the framework of the R-PP. In particular, we express our gratitude to the Environmental Action Fund for being there during the process as administrator of grant resources from the World Bank to the country and for supporting the complex hiring process within the various communities throughout the territory. Similarly, we wish to express a special appreciation for the role that the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC), the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA), the Common Agenda Process for Governance in Ancestral Black, Pacific and Andean Valleys Communities, the Natural Heritage Fund - Biodiversity and Protected Areas Fund, and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF - Colombia) have played in the organizing, the financing, and the facilitating of the developing processes involving many groups associated with the R-PP in the Amazon and Pacific regions of the country. 3 R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). R-PP Table of Contents Component 1: Organize and Consult ................................................................ 12 1a. National Readiness Management Arrangements ............................................................... 12 1b. Information Sharing and Early Dialogue with Key Stakeholder Groups ................................... 22 1c. Consultation and Participation Process ......................................................................... 51 Component 2: Preparing the REDD+ Strategy ..................................................... 72 2a. Assessment of Land Use, Forest Law, Policy and Governance .............................................. 72 2b. REDD+ Strategy Options ........................................................................................... 83 2c. REDD+ Implementation Framework ................................................................................ 2d. Social and Environmental Impacts during Readiness Preparation and REDD + ImplementationError! Bookmark not defined. Component 3: Develop a Reference Level ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.104 Component 4: Design a Monitoring System …………………………………………………..116 4a. Emissions and Removals ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4b. Multiple Benefits, Other Impacts and Governance ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Component 5: Schedule and Budget …………………………………………………...………124 Component 6: Design of a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework Program Suggested Annexes for the R-PP (Optional) ………………………………………………………………………134 Annex 1a: National Readiness Management Arrangements ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 1b: Information Sharing and Early Dialogue with Key Stakeholder Groups ………………………….….135 Annex 1c: Consultation and Participation Process ............................................................... 167 Annex 2a: Assessment of Land Use, Forest Law, Policy and Governance .................................... 170 Annex 2b: REDD-plus Strategy Options ................................................................................. Annex 2c: REDD-plus Implementation Framework .................................................................... Annex 2d: Social and Environmental Impact during Readiness Preparation and REDD-plus Implementation ................................................................... 178Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 3: Develop a Reference Level .................................................................................... Annex 4: Design a Monitoring System ................................................................................... Annex 5: Schedule and Budget ........................................................................................... Annex 6: Design a Program Monitoring and Evaluation Framework ............................................... 4 R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). General Information Contact Information Please provide the details for national focal points for REDD+ that the R-PP provides in the table below. Name Andrea García Guerrero Title Climate Change Office Coordinator Organization Ministry of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development (soon to be called Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development) Address Calle 37 No. 8-40 Piso 4, Bogotá, Colombia Telephone (+ 57 1) 3323400 ext 1179 Fax (+ 57 1) 3323400 ext 1173 Email [email protected] Website http://www.minambiente.gov.co R-PP Development Team Please list the names and organizations of the authors and contributors to the R-PP (insert as many rows as necessary in the table below). Name Organization Persons responsible for the preparation of the document Sergio Camilo Ortega P. ([email protected]) Coordinator R-PP Development Adriana Lagos ([email protected]) R-PP Social Consultant Persons contributing to the R-PP development Lucio Andrés Santos Acuña Advisor, Climate Change Mitigation Group, MAVDT Coordinator, Climate Change Mitigation Group, Andrea García Guerrero MAVDT Ángela Duque Advisor, Ecosystems Division, MAVDT Pablo Manuel Hurtado Advisor, Ecosystems Division, MAVDT Advisor, Sustainable Sectorial Development Jairo Homez Division, MAVDT Advisor, Sustainable Sectorial Development Mauricio Cabrera Division, MAVDT 5 R-PP Submission Format v. 5 Revised (December 22, 2010): Working Draft for Use by Countries. (Replaces R-PP v.4, January 28, 2010; and draft v. 5, Oct. 30, 2010). Name Organization Omar Quiñones Advisor, Participation Office, MAVDT Zamira Lozano Advisor, Legal Office, MAVDT Adriana Camelo Advisor, Office of the Minister, MAVDT Luz Mery Triana Advisor, Planning Department, MAVDT Carolina Figueroa UAESPNN María Claudia García Coordinator IDEAM-Moore project, IDEAM María Fernanda
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  • MHC Class II Haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian Tribes

    MHC Class II Haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian Tribes

    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 36, 2, 158-166 (2013) Copyright © 2013, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article MHC Class II haplotypes of Colombian Amerindian tribes Juan J. Yunis1,2,3, Edmond J. Yunis4 and Emilio Yunis3 1Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina e Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia. 2Grupo de Identificación Humana e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. 3Instituto de Genética, Servicios Médicos Yunis Turbay y Cia, Bogotá, Colombia. 4Brigham and Womens Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Abstract We analyzed 1041 individuals belonging to 17 Amerindian tribes of Colombia, Chimila, Bari and Tunebo (Chibcha linguistic family), Embera, Waunana (Choco linguistic family), Puinave and Nukak (Maku-Puinave linguistic fami- lies), Cubeo, Guanano, Tucano, Desano and Piratapuyo (Tukano linguistic family), Guahibo and Guayabero (Guayabero Linguistic Family), Curripaco and Piapoco (Arawak linguistic family) and Yucpa (Karib linguistic family). for MHC class II haplotypes (HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1). Approximately 90% of the MHC class II haplotypes found among these tribes are haplotypes frequently encountered in other Amerindian tribes. Nonetheless, striking differ- ences were observed among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes. The DRB1*04:04, DRB1*04:11, DRB1*09:01 carrying haplotypes were frequently found among non-Chibcha speaking tribes, while the DRB1*04:07 haplotype showed significant frequencies among Chibcha speaking tribes, and only marginal frequencies among non-Chibcha speaking tribes. Our results suggest that the differences in MHC class II haplotype frequency found among Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking tribes could be due to genetic differentiation in Mesoamerica of the an- cestral Amerindian population into Chibcha and non-Chibcha speaking populations before they entered into South America.