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Richard Russell, the Senate Armed Services Committee & Oversight of America’S Defense, 1955-1968
BALANCING CONSENSUS, CONSENT, AND COMPETENCE: RICHARD RUSSELL, THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE & OVERSIGHT OF AMERICA’S DEFENSE, 1955-1968 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua E. Klimas, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Stebenne, Advisor Professor John Guilmartin Advisor Professor James Bartholomew History Graduate Program ABSTRACT This study examines Congress’s role in defense policy-making between 1955 and 1968, with particular focus on the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), its most prominent and influential members, and the evolving defense authorization process. The consensus view holds that, between World War II and the drawdown of the Vietnam War, the defense oversight committees showed acute deference to Defense Department legislative and budget requests. At the same time, they enforced closed oversight procedures that effectively blocked less “pro-defense” members from influencing the policy-making process. Although true at an aggregate level, this understanding is incomplete. It ignores the significant evolution to Armed Services Committee oversight practices that began in the latter half of 1950s, and it fails to adequately explore the motivations of the few members who decisively shaped the process. SASC chairman Richard Russell (D-GA) dominated Senate deliberations on defense policy. Relying only on input from a few key colleagues – particularly his protégé and eventual successor, John Stennis (D-MS) – Russell for the better part of two decades decided almost in isolation how the Senate would act to oversee the nation’s defense. -
Congressional Mail Logs for the President (1)” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 8, folder “Congress - Congressional Mail Logs for the President (1)” of the John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald R. Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. r Digitized from Box 8 of The John Marsh Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library Presi dent's Mail - May 11, 1976 House 1. Augustus Hawkins Writes irr regard to his continuing · terest in meeting with the President to discuss the· tuation at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission prior to the appoint ment of a successor to Chairman owell W. Perry. 2. Larry Pressler Says he will vote to sustain e veto of the foreign military assistance se he believes the $3.2 billion should be u ed for nior citizens here at horne. 3. Gus Yatron Writes on behalf of Mrs. adys S. Margolis concerning the plight of Mr. Mi ail ozanevich and his family in the Soviet Union. 4. Guy Vander Jagt Endorses request of the TARs to meet with the President during their convention in June. -
DI CP19 F1 Ocrcombined.Pdf
CONTRIBUTOR’S CARD Daniel K. Inouye in 92 No corporate checks may be accepted. Name ______________________________________________________________________ Address ____________________________________________________________________ C ity _________________ S ta te ___________________ Zip C ode __________________ Home Phone ________________________ Business Phone ________________________ Employer ____________________________ Occupation ___________________________ FEC# (if applicable) _____________ Primary ______________ General ______________ d l Check here if self-employed. CH Check here if not a U.S. citizen or permanent resident alien. Please make check payable to Daniel K. Inouye in 92 In-kind contribution (if applicable) Description ___________________________________________________ Market Price $ _____________________ (Attached invoice if applicable) Amount _$ ___________________ Paid for by: Daniel K. Inouye in 92 ______________ Abelina Madrid Shaw, Treasurer FEC # C00213314 911 2nd Street, N.E., Suite 101 A, Washington, D.C. 20002 This information is required of all contributions by the Federal Election Campaign Act. Corporation checks or funds, funds from government contractors and foreign nationals, and contributions made in the name of another cannot be accepted. Contributions or gifts to Daniel K. Inouye in 92 are not tax deductible. A copy of our report is on file with the Federal Election Commission and is available for purchase from the Federal Election Commission, Washington, D.C. 20463. JUN 18 '92 12=26 SEN. INOUYE CAMPAIGN 808 5911005 P.l 909 KAPIOLANI BOULEVARD HONOLULU, HAWAII 96814 (808) 591-VOTE (8683) 591-1005 (Fax) FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION TO; JENNIFER GOTO FAX#: NESTOR GARCIA FROM: KIMI UTO DATE; JUNE 1 8 , 1992 SUBJECT: CAMPAIGN WORKSHOP Number of pages Including this cover sheet: s Please contact K im i . at (808) 591-8683 if you have any problems with this transmission. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 31 of Staff; Without Amendment (Rept
3144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 31 of Staff; without amendment (Rept. No. to the Committee on Post Ofiice and Civil H. Con. Res. 206. Concurrent resolution 1666). Referred to the House Calendar. Service. favoring the granting of the status of per Mr. SABATH: C9mmittee on Rules. House By Mr. STOCKMAN: inanent residence to certain aliens; to the Resolution 532. Resolution to direct the H. R. 7297. A bill to prevent Federal dam Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Education and Labor to con and reservoir projects from interfering with duct an investigation of the Wage Stabili sustained-yield timber operations; to the zation Board; with amendment (Rept. No. Committee on Public Works. PETITIONS, ETC. 1667). Referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: Mr. SABATH: Committee on Rules. House H. R. 7298. A bill to authorize the consoli Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Resolution 520. Resolution creating a se dation of the area of Vicksburg National Mili and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk lect committee to conduct an investiga tary Park, in the State of Mississippi, and for and referred as follows: tion and study of offensive and undesirable other purposes; to the Committee on Interior 658. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Petition books and radio and television programs; and Insular Affairs. of the Milwaukee Cooperative Milk Produc without amendment (Rept. No. 1668). Re ers. Over 1,000 people were present at the ferred to the House Calendar. annual meeting on March 11, 1952, to go on Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Rules. House MEMORIALS record opposing universal military service as Resolution 591. -
The Boeing Company and the Militarymetropolitanindustrial
1/3/2017 Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest About Us Events Classroom Materials Pacific Northwest Resources Quarterly The Boeing Company and the MilitaryMetropolitanIndustrial Complex, 19451953 Richard S. Kirkendall Pacific Northwest Quarterly 85:4 (Oct. 1994), p. 137149 This Boeing bomber embodies the transition to jet aircraft and the dependence on military that characterized company operations during the years following World War II. (Special Collections, University of Washington Libraries, Negative #10703. Photo by Boeing Company) The years of Harry Truman's presidency were crucial to the success of the Boeing Airplane Company. The president himself did not have close ties with the firm or great confidence in air power, but one part of the American state the air forcerecognized Boeing's ability to serve air force interests and was in a stronger position than ever before to pursue those interests. Furthermore, the company now had another ally willing to enter the political arena on its behalf. This was Seattle. The people there had a new commitment to Boeing. Taking advantage of cold war fears, air force leaders lobbied for funds to be spent on bombers, and Seattle people worked to draw that money to their city by way of Boeing. As a consequence of the successes of these two groups in the Truman years, the company acquired the resources it needed to become the world leader in building commercial jets. In battling for Boeing, Seattle participated in what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the "military industrial complex." A historian, Roger Lotchin, recently proposed "metropolitanmilitary complex" as a substitute for Eisenhower's term. -
F—18 Navy Air Combat Fighter
74 /2 >Af ^y - Senate H e a r tn ^ f^ n 12]$ Before the Committee on Appro priations (,() \ ER WIIA Storage ime nts F EB 1 2 « T H e -,M<rUN‘U«sni KAN S A S S F—18 Na vy Air Com bat Fighter Fiscal Year 1976 th CONGRESS, FIRS T SES SION H .R . 986 1 SPECIAL HEARING F - 1 8 NA VY AIR CO MBA T FIG H TER HEARING BEFORE A SUBC OMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE NIN ETY-FOURTH CONGRESS FIR ST SE SS IO N ON H .R . 9 8 6 1 AN ACT MAKIN G APP ROPR IA TIO NS FO R THE DEP ARTM EN T OF D EFEN SE FO R T H E FI SC AL YEA R EN DI NG JU N E 30, 1976, AND TH E PE RIO D BE GIN NIN G JU LY 1, 1976, AN D EN DI NG SEPT EM BER 30, 1976, AND FO R OTH ER PU RP OSE S P ri nte d fo r th e use of th e Com mittee on App ro pr ia tio ns SPECIAL HEARING U.S. GOVERNM ENT PRINT ING OFF ICE 60-913 O WASHINGTON : 1976 SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JOHN L. MCCLELLAN, Ark ans as, Chairman JOH N C. ST ENN IS, Mississippi MILTON R. YOUNG, No rth D ako ta JOH N O. P ASTORE, Rhode Island ROMAN L. HRUSKA, N ebraska WARREN G. MAGNUSON, Washin gton CLIFFORD I’. CASE, New Je rse y MIK E MANSFIEL D, Montana HIRAM L. -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy. -
The Daniel K Inouye Institute Has Been Working Hard to Share the Senator's Legacy Across the Country from Maine, to Washington DC, and of Course, Right Here in Hawaii
September 23, 2019 Dear Friends: It's been a busy summer! The Daniel K Inouye Institute has been working hard to share the Senator's legacy across the country from Maine, to Washington DC, and of course, right here in Hawaii. So much so that we are breaking our updates into 2 newsletters! Christening of the Daniel Inouye (DDG 118) On June 21-22, 2019 the DKI ohana gathered in Bath, Maine for the christening of the Navy Destroyer Daniel Inouye (DDG 118), which will arrive in its homeport of Pearl Harbor in early 2021 under the leadership of Commanding Officer CDR DonAnn Gilmore, Master Chief Thomas Mace, and more than 300 sailors. We are honored that the USS Daniel Inouye’s first commander will be a woman. Hawai‘i Community Foundation • 827 Fort Street Mall • Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 • 808.537.6333 www.danielkinouyeinstitute.org Just getting to Maine was a monumental task! We deiced that a plastic lei on the DANIEL INOUYE just would not do, so we went to work. Thanks to support from Brion Chang and his team, 8 segments -- feet each, a massive ti-leaf lei (tied to a 1-inch diameter rope), which when assembled stretched 75 feet - a double strand lei. Watch this video to see the lei being assembled at the shipyard upon our arrival. https://youtu.be/XTi5d9OV0PU. The shipyard staff was eager to learn how to build the lei, and really enjoyed seeing the beautiful flowers. In addition, we brought 4 dozen lei for dignitaries, together with Big Island Candies, Kauai's special salt and a host of omiyage for special guests. -
Congressional Record—Senate S7401
May 24, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7401 250th birthday of James Madison and land of Okinawa, he introduced it there A RETROSPECT OF V-E DAY honoring his many accomplishments. in 1910 and was the first master of the The surcharges raised from the selling Okinawan Karate-Do system. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, an of the coins goes to the National Trust In 1956, for the first time, American issue of the journal entitled Uniformed for Historic Preservation for the cre- servicemen were accepted as students Services Journal, May-June 1995, con- ation of a permanent fund for the pres- in the Okinawan Karate-Do schools. tains an article entitled, ‘‘World War II ervation and renovation of Madison’s One of them settled in the Boston area Revisited: A Retrospect Of V-E Day home, Montpelier. after his military discharge and began and the Events Leading Up To It.’’ This is an important endeavor, Mr. teaching this art form to people in the The article includes recollections of President, because James Madison is area. Walter Mattson of Framingham, some of the distinguished Members of one of our nation’s most brilliant and MA, is the senior American instructor. the Congress who participated in World significant founding fathers. A Vir- Over the years, there has been a con- War II, among them Senator STROM ginian and a distinguished statesman, tinuing cultural exchange between the THURMOND, Senator BOB DOLE, Senator Madison was the principle drafter of Masters on Okinawa and practitioners DANIEL INOUYE, Congressmen TOM BE- the United States Constitution and the here in North America. -
President's Daily Diary Collection (Box 73) at the Gerald R
Scanned from the President's Daily Diary Collection (Box 73) at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library THE WHITE HOUSE THE DAILY DIARY OF PRESIDENT GERALD R. FORD PLACE DAY BEGAN DATE (Mo .• Day, Yr.) THE WHITE HOUSE NOVEMBER 26, 1974 WASHINGTON, D.C. TIME DAY 7:00 a.m. TUESDAY -PHONE TIME ii ." ~ ~v ACTIVITY 0: ~ I--'-n---'---O-ut---i J!. ~ • 7:00 The President had breakfast. 7:48 The President went to the Oval Office. 8:10 8:30 The President met with: David A. Peterson, Chief, Central Intelligence Agency/Office of Current Intelligence (CIA/OCI) White House Support Staff Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcroft, Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs 8:30 8:45 The President met with his Consultant, Richard B. Cheney. 9:18 The President went to the Cabinet Room. 9:18 10:35 The President met with bipartisan Congressional leaders. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX !lA. II 10:35 The President returned to the Oval Office. 10:38 The President went to the East Room. 10:38 10:52 The President participated in a signing ceremony for S. 386, the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX "B.lI Members of the press 10:52 The President returned to the Oval Office. 10:53 12:05 The President met with: Senator Hugh Scott (R-Pennsy1vania) Congressman John J. Rhodes (R-Arizona) William E. Timmons, Assistant 12:25 12:35 The President met with: Ralph J. Perk, Mayor (R-C1eve1and, Ohio) Thomas Duffy, Washington Representative for Mayor Perk Mr. -
The Magnuson-Stevens Act a Bipartisan Legacy of Success
The Magnuson-Stevens Act A Bipartisan Legacy of Success Since 1976, when what is now called the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) was first signed into law, Republicans and Democrats have agreed that conserving America’s ocean fish makes good economic and environmental sense. Today, Congress should continue this tradition of bipartisan support for the MSA and preserve its legacy of success by opposing any efforts to weaken the law. Over the years, Congress has recognized the value of protecting ocean fish resources from overfishing (taking fish faster than they can reproduce) by providing managers with the legal tools to sustainably manage our nation’s ocean fisheries. Through Photo: Associated Press multiple reauthorizations, Congress President George W. Bush signs the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation strengthened the MSA by mandating an end and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006, joined by Sen. Ted Stevens to overfishing through science-based annual (R-AK), left; Sen. Olympia Snowe (R-ME); Rep. Nick Rahall (D-WV); Rep. Jim Saxton (R-NJ); Rep. Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Rep. Don Young (R-AK); Commerce catch limits and also by requiring that depleted Secretary Carlos Gutierrez; and Rep. Wayne Gilchrest (R-MD). fish populations be rebuilt to healthy levels that can support thriving commercial and “This much-needed piece of legislation would enable our nation to protect recreational fisheries. Both Republicans and and conserve its enormously rich fishing resources.” Democrats have supported this law since —Sen. John Beall Jr. (R-MD), 1976 it was enacted more than 35 years ago. “Legislation such as this is desperately needed in order to preserve and manage our continued fishery resources.” In 1976, the Fishery Conservation and —Rep. -
From Exclusion to Inclusion
From Exclusion to Inclusion 1941–1992 Around 9 :00 in the morning on April 21, 1945, Daniel K. Inouye, a 20-year-old army lieutenant from Honolulu, Hawaii, was shot in the stomach on the side of a mountain in northwestern Italy. The German bullet went clean out his back and missed his spine by a fraction of an inch. “It felt like someone punched me,” he remembered years later. “But the pain was almost non-existent. A little ache, that’s all and since the bleeding was not much I said well, I’ll keep on going.”1 Later that morning, Inouye, a pre-med student who had been getting ready for church when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was hit again. This time a rifle grenade nearly blew off his entire right arm. After picking up his tommy gun with his left hand, he continued to charge up the hill, firing at German soldiers as he went. Eventually shot in the leg, Inouye waited until his men seized control of the mountain before being evacuated.2 The war in Europe ended 17 days later. Inouye lived in military hospitals for the next two years to rebuild his strength and learn to do everyday tasks with one arm. The war forced him to adapt, and over the next two decades, the country he nearly died for began to adapt to the war’s consequences as well. For the most marginalized people—women and minorities, especially—World War II had profound implications for what it meant to be American.