3144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE March 31 of Staff; without amendment (Rept. No. to the Committee on Post Ofiice and Civil H. Con. Res. 206. Concurrent resolution 1666). Referred to the House Calendar. Service. favoring the granting of the status of per­ Mr. SABATH: C9mmittee on Rules. House By Mr. STOCKMAN: inanent residence to certain aliens; to the Resolution 532. Resolution to direct the H. R. 7297. A bill to prevent Federal dam Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Education and Labor to con­ and reservoir projects from interfering with duct an investigation of the Wage Stabili­ sustained-yield timber operations; to the zation Board; with amendment (Rept. No. Committee on Public Works. PETITIONS, ETC. 1667). Referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi: Mr. SABATH: Committee on Rules. House H. R. 7298. A bill to authorize the consoli­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Resolution 520. Resolution creating a se­ dation of the area of Vicksburg National Mili­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk lect committee to conduct an investiga­ tary Park, in the State of Mississippi, and for and referred as follows: tion and study of offensive and undesirable other purposes; to the Committee on Interior 658. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Petition books and radio and television programs; and Insular Affairs. of the Milwaukee Cooperative Milk Produc­ without amendment (Rept. No. 1668). Re­ ers. Over 1,000 people were present at the ferred to the House Calendar. annual meeting on March 11, 1952, to go on Mr. MADDEN: Committee on Rules. House MEMORIALS record opposing universal military service as Resolution 591. Resolution for consideration Under clause 3 of rule XXII, me­ being Un-American and against the best in­ of S. 1203, an act to provide for the appoint­ morials were presented and referred as terests of our country and ask our Wisconsin ment of additional circuit and district Congressmen and Senators to vigorously op­ judges, and for other purposes; without follows: pose legislation that would make universal amendment (Rept. No. 1669) . Referred to By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Leg­ military service the law of the land; to the the House Calendar. islature of the State of New York, memori­ Cammi ttee on Armed Services. Mr. SMITH of Virginia: Committee on alizing the President and the Congress of 659. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Rules. House Resolution 545. Resolution t6 the United States, relating to their assembly president, National Congress of Petroleum amend the rules of the House of Represent­ resolution No. 74, relative to requesting ap­ Retailers, Detroit, Mich., petitioning consid­ atives, so as to provide that no general ap­ proval of H. R. 5219, a bill to provide for eration of their resolution with reference to propriation bill shall be considered in the the development of a deep waterway on Lake a resolution adopted at the national congress House until committee hearings and reports Champlain; to the Committee on Public of petroleum retailers session held in Chica­ on such bill have been available for ,at least Works. go, Ill., August 21 through 25, 1951, urging 7 calendar days; with amendment (Rept. amendments to our Federal antitrust laws for No. 1670). Referred to the House Calendar. the purpose of strengthening them and im­ Mr. MASON: Committee on Ways and - PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS plementing their enforcement; to the Com­ Means. H. R. 5998. A bill to amend the mittee on the Judiciary. excise tax on photographic apparatus; with­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private out amendment (Rept. No. 1671). Referred bills and resolutions were introduced and to the Committee of the Whole House on the severally referred as follows: State of the Union. By Mr. BAKEWELL: H. R. 7299. A bill for the relief of Mrs. SENATE Lum Shee; to the Committee on the Judi­ PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS diciary. MONDAY, MARCH 31, 1952 By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public H. R . 7300. A bill for the relief of Hans R. bills and resolutions were introduced and United States Senate. His long Drica-Minieris; Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I public service was climaxed in 1947 when s. 560. An act for the relief of Dr. Louis 8. ask unanimous consent that Senators be be became the majority leader of the K . Yuan; permitted to transact routine business Senate in the Eightieth Congress. With s. 589. An act for the relief of Sister Edel­ without debate, and without the time be­ the quiet grace that was so characteristic trudis Sailer; ing counted against either side under S. 606. An act for the relief of Fede Vita of him, Wallace White retired from pub­ Guzzardi; the unanimous-consent agreement. But lic life at the end of the Eightieth Con- s. 828. An act for the relief of Bert a Gomes prior to that, I suggest that the junior gress. . Leite; Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITH] be His illustrious service in the Halls of S. 914. An act for the relief of Masako Mi· recognized, and that any other Senator Congress was no accident. He trained yazaki; who desires to speak upon the subject she well and hard for it. After graduating s. 1255. An act for the relief of Leopold will discuss may do so without the time from Bowdoin College in 1899, he came Kahn , Jr.; being counted under the unanimous-con­ to Washington to study law. To finance S . 1541. An act for the relief of Dr. Francis sent agreement. his way through law school, he worked S. N. Kwok; The VICE PRESIDENT. In other as assistant clerk to the Senate Inter­ s. 1620. An act for the relief of Tory Lee words, the Senator suggests that the state Commerce Committee, a committee Eakin; charging of time under the unanimous­ s. 1782. An act for the relief of Mrs. De- which he was to head years later as its consent agreement begin after the trans­ chairman. spina Hodos; . action of routine business, and any ad­ S. 1925. An act for the relief of Gregory He once served as secretary to the Joseph Coles; and dresses upon the subject which will be President of the Senate, and also as pri­ S . 2697. An act t o amend the Agricultural discussed by the Senator from Maine. vate secretary for his grandfather, Sen­ Ad justment Act of 1938, as amended. Mr. McFARLAND. That is correct. ator William P. Frye, once President pro On March 31, 1952': The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ tempore of the Senate. S. 1938. An act granting the consent of jection? The Chair hears none, and it Wallace H. White, Jr., could truly be Congress to a supplemental compact or is so ordered. characterized by service, training, and agreement between the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey background as Mr. Senate. concern ing the Delaware River Joint. Toll CALL OF THE ROLL I have spoken of the grief the death Bridge Commission, and for other purposes. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, before of Wallace H. White, Jr., brings to the the Senator from Maine starts her re­ Senate, to the people of Maine, of whom he was so proud, and who were so proud MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE marks, I should like to suggest the ab­ sence of a quorum. of him as their Maine Senator, and to A message from the House of Repre­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator the people of the Nation. sentatives, by Mr. Chafiee, one of its from New Hampshire suggests the ab­ I speak now of the grief his death· reading clerks, announced that the sence of a quorum. The Secretary will brings me. I knew Wallace White for House had agreed to the concurrent reso­ call the roll. many, many years. My first venture into lution reign Relations: 2. Said measure is a direct attempt to R esoZVed, That said Dependency Allotment eliminate veterans' benefits which were Act of 1950 be so amended as to provide that, established approximately 30 years prior to To the Congress of the United States: in proper cases, a necessary investigation of I transmit herewith a report by the facts be undertaken by a suitable agency in this date. Secretary of" State on the operations of those cases in which there is doubt as to en­ 3. That said measure would deny all vet­ the Department of State under section 2 titlement to such class Q allotments, and erans of said hospitalization and treatment. of Public Law 584. Seventy-ninth Con­ that the Armed Forces be bound by the Any economies realized by such a program gress, as required by that law. facts as reflected in those findings; and be would be at the direct expense of a singular HARRY S. TRUMAN. it further group rather than resulting from economies THE WHITE HOUSE, March 31, 1952. Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be in Government. Further, veterans of all sent to the presiding officers of the House wars would surrender certain benefits by Canada. I understand that the under a separate heading.) actually earned, if he is discharged with­ project has your personal support in the By Mr. DWORSHAK: out fault on his part and without his con­ Congress, but it is my sincere hope that the S. 2951. A bill to authorize the construc­ sent before the commencement of the voy­ short-sighted sectionalism which seems to tion, operation, and maintenance of the ini­ age or before 1 month's wages are earned. obscure the reasoning of some of our legisla­ tial phase of the Snak~ River reclamation The present law was enacten. in 1872, when tors will not be permitted to defeat the proj­ project by the Secretary of the Interior; to commerce was carried on largely by sailing ect and hereby endanger and impair the the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ ships and voyages of the character described future '\7elfare of our country. I trust that fairs. covering long periods of time were universal. you will make a vigorous effort to obtain By Mr. ECTON: The fast turn-around and short voyages of early and favorable 'longressional action S. 2952. A bill to provide for the return to modern, high-powered vessels of the pres­ relative to this project. the former owners of certain lands acquired -ent day-80 years later-was not contem­ Sincerely yours, in connection with the Fort Peck Dam proj­ plated. CHARLES E. WILSON, ect of mineral interests -in such lands; to the In the present day of fast, modern ships, Mayor of the City of Elkhorn. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. there are many voyages in these trades on By Mr. EASTLAND (for himself and regular schedules which are completed in TwELFTH STREET AND VLIET STREET Mr. STENNIS) : less than the 30-day period specified in the . ADVANCEMENT ASSOCIATION, S. 2953. A · bill to regulate the repayment act of 1872. This is particularly true of · Milwaukee, Wis., March 27, 1952. to the United States of advances made to tankers, where quick loading and discharging Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, the States and local subdivisions thereof permits fast turn-around, and substantially United States Senator, r under title V of the War Mobilization and reduces the over-all voyage duration. Cer­ Senate Office Building, Reconversion Act of 1944; to the Committee t ainly no penalty should be exacted because Washington, D. C. on Public Works. of the evolution of ship design, speed, and DEAR SENATOR WILEY: This letter is di­ By Mr. ANDERSON (for himself and efficiency, and none, of course, was intended rected to you in behalf of our association Mr. McFARLAND): by the original statute. which at its last meeting went on record as S. 2954. A bill conferring jurisdiction upon The Federal cotirts have recently held, favoring the St. Lawrence seaway. the Court of Claims of the United States to and certiorari has been denied by the Su­ We respectfully request that every con­ hear, examine, adjudicate, and render judg­ preme Court, that seamen signed off at the sideration be given by you in the promotion ment on certain claims of individual Nava­ end of a voyage of less than 1 month's dura­ of this project. jo Indians against the United States; to the tion are entitled to recover the statutory - With kindest regards, I remain, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. amount of 1 month's wages, in addition to Very truly yours, By Mr. McCARRAN: wages actually earned, even though they ac­ JOHN L. DOYNE, S. 2955. A bill for the relief of Blanca cept continued and uninterrupted employ­ Executive Secretary. Ibarra and Dolores Ibarra; to the Committee ment on the same vessel for another voyage. on the Judiciary. The courts themselves recognii.e the obso­ By Mr. HUMPHREY: lete character of the provision, but have WOMEN'S AUXILIARY, S. 2956. A bill to create the office of Sena­ stated that the only remedy "is to seek lRON WORKERS, LoCAL tor at Large for former Presidents; to the amendment of this antiquated enactment, No. 471, A. F. OF L., Committee on the Judiciary. which in many features produces the effects Milwaukee, Wis, March 29, 1952. By Mr. SPARKMAN: which are anachronistic." DEAR SENATOR: As secretary of the Women's S. 2957. A bill to amend the Social Secu­ Such a remedy is sought by the bill I have Auxiliary, Iron Workers, Local No. 471, A. F. rity Act so as to prescribe circumstances introduced. The bill strikes from the sec­ of L., I wish to express to you our request under which the Federal old-age and sur­ tion the provision which gives a seaman that you vote in favor of the St. Lawrence vivors insurance system may be extended to 1 month's penalty wages (in addition to seaway bill. State and local employees who are covered wages actually earned) where the voyage Fraternally, by retirement systems; to the Committee on is completed and the seaman signed off the ELIZABETH HOLZ, Finance. articles prior to 1 month. My bill leaves Secretary. By Mr. DWORSHAK: the· statute otherwise unchanged and it does S. 2958. A bill for the relief of Setsuko not disturb the provision that the seaman VILLAGE OF GREENDALE, STATE OF WISCONSIN- Ohara; to the Committee on the Judiciary. is entitled to 1 month's penalty wages if dis­ . RESOLUTION No. R52-5 By Mr. McKELLAR: charged after employment and prior to the Whereas the St. Lawrence River develop­ S. 2959. A bill authorizing the transfer to commencement of the voyage, without fault ment will benefit greatly the entire United the State of Tennessee of certain lands in on his part. States and is of national concern: Be it the Veterans Administration Center, Moun­ Resolved, That the Village Board of Green­ tain Home, Tenn.; to the Committee on dale urges the Congress of the United States Finance. HOUSE BILL REFERRED to approve the St. Lawrence seaway and power project and ratify the 1941 agreement The bill

Mr. FLANDERS. Which amendment In the first place, I think one gross ground officers who are ever ready to be is the Senate voting on now? I realize abuse is that administrative officers are taken into the air in order to qualify that it is an amendment providing com­ taken into the air a minimum of 4 hours for and to receive the extra flight pay. bat pay, but which amendment is it? a month, with a yearly total of at least However, pay is not all that is in­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 100 hours a year, and receive for it the volved in this matter; extra gasoline con­ question is on agreeing to the amend­ full flight bonus. The "chair corps," if sumption and extra wear and tear on ment offered by the Senator from Michi­ I may say so, likes to get in on the "gravy the planes are also involved. Any one gan [Mr. MooDY] for himself and other plane"; and, all over the country, there of us who cares to go to Bolling Field Senators. It is the same as the Long is a huge "chair corps," composed of can see the large number of planes the amendment, which was rejected on Fri­ officers who get the Air Corps bonuses. Government furnishes to administrative day, with the exception that the amount The bonuses now being paid amount, officers so they can go into the air 4 is reduced from $50 a month to $45 a in all, to $270,000,000 a year. A large hours a month and thus be abled to month. proportion of these bonuses goes to ad­ receive this extra pay. So the total costs Mr. FLANDERS. Is the amendment ministrative officers who are not actual­ are far in excess of the amount of the offered in lieu of the Long amendment, ly assigned to flying duty, but who get actual bonuses paid. or is it an amendment to the Long into the air primarily as copassengers Mr. President, it will be very difficult amendment? sitting beside the pilots, and sometimes to strike at that abuse by fixing a re­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The are logged as copilots or navigators, fre­ quirement of a total number of hours. Long amendment was rejected on Fri­ quently in small training planes. However, this year we are taking a new day. The Chair presumes that the pend­ In an article which appeared in yes­ tack: We are trying to say that all those ing amendment is offered in lieu of the terday's Washington Star, on page 4, it who receive air and submarine bonuses Long amendment. was stated, apparently on good authori­ shall receive the same amount a pri­ Senators who have been counted will ty, that there are, in this area alone, vate receives for such service; in other be seated. Those who oppose the amend­ 1,800 Air Force officers of the so-called words, if there is a risk-and let me say ment will rise and stand until counted. chafr corps, who fly on week ends and in that the risk is grossly exaggerated in the On the division being completed, the off hours, and therefore qualify for the case of submarine service-the officer amendment was agreed to. extra pay, which ranges generally be­ shali receive for the risk he takes no more than the private does. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tween $100 and $210 a month for officers. committee amendment is open to further The Air Force reports that scattered I may point out that in the Long­ throughout its stations are 20,000 of its Moody amendment which the Senate has amendment. just adopted we have followed the very Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I personnel who get in on the gravy plane, in addition-and I emphasize the fact correct principle that when under fire send to the desk my amendment iden­ men are equal; and that the captain, the tified as 3-28-52-C. that it is in addition-to their base pay. their quarters' allowance, and their sub­ major, or the colonel should receive no The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sistence allowance. more by way of hazard compensation clerk will state the amendment. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will than the private reGeives, namely, $45 a The CHIEF CLERK. On page 7, im­ the Senator from Illinois yield, to per­ month. mediately following line 24, it is pro­ mit me to propound a parliamentary in­ The amendment I offer provides that posed to insert the following new sec­ quiry? in the Air Corps and in the submarine tion: Mr. DOUGLAS. Certainly. service no officer shall receive more in SEC. 3. Subsection (b) of section 204 of Mr. KNOWLAND. I should like to tJ::ie form of what is called hazard pay the Career Compensation Act · of 1949 is than is received by an enlisted man. Of amended to read as follows: propound · a parliamentary inquiry, namely, whether a motion to recommit course an officer will receive a larger " ( b) For the performance of hazardous amount of base pay a larger quarters al­ duty as prescribed in part (1) or (2) of sub­ this bill would be in order at any time? section (a.) of this section, members of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Such a lowance and a larger subsistence allow­ uniformed services qualifying for the incen­ motion would be in order at any time the ance. However, on the basis of danger, tive pay authorized pursuant to said sub­ Senator who wished to make the motion all men would be equal. section shall be entitled to be paid at the could obtain the floor. This amendment would save over rate of $30 per month." Mr. KNOWLAND. I am not asking $140,000,000. By means of the amend­ On page 8, line 1, strike out "3" and for the floor now; .I simply wish to ask ment we could save en01,igh to pay for insert in lieu thereof "4." at this time whether during the further the bonus for combat service, which the proceedings in the Senate, after the Sen­ Senate has just approved, and in addi­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I may tion, bring about a $50,000,000 saving. say that this is the amendment which is ator from Illinois concludes his remarks, labeled "A" on the mimeographed sheet a motion to recommit would be in order. Here is a chance to combine justice which lies on the desks of Senators. It The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and economy and to eliminate from the would reduce the bonuses which are paid Chair is advised by the Parliamentarian armed services one of the festering presently for personnel on flight and that such a motion would be in order. abuses which make men indignant and submarine duty. The Senate has just Mr. KNOWLAND. I thank the Chair. lower the morale of the whole service. adopted what I believe to be a very Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, last So, Mr. President, I hope very much worth-while amendment, providing com­ fall I tried to attack this problem by this amendment will be adopted. bat pay for those who are actually in means of raising the minimum require­ Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, I am very combat. It is something that should ment for qualification for flight pay from much disturbed about this particular have been done a long time ago. I con­ 4 hours a month to 20 hours a month, amendment. gratulate the Senator from Michigan in order that this payment might be The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. [Mr. MooDY] for submitting the amend­ confined to bona fide flyers, and might JOHNSON of Colorado in the chair). Does ment, and the Senate for adopting it. not be received by those simply desir­ the Senator from Georgia yield time to The amendment provides simple justice. ing to qualify for the bonuses. That the Senator from Wyoming? It will cost between $90,000,000 and $100,- amendment was adopted by the Senate, Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, the Sena­ 000,000 a year more; but I believe it will as my colleagues will recall, but, because tor who is in charge of the bill does not be money well spent. of the opposition of the Air Force, the seem to be on the floor at this time. However, Mr. President, while we are amendment was defeated in conference, As a member of the Armed Services dealing with the subject of bonus pay. and the previous system continued un­ Committee, however, I wish to address we should not merely make additions, changed. myself to this amendment, if I may but we should also remove abuses and Mr. President, all of us know this to have unanimous consent from the Senate excessive payments which already exist be a great abuse. Anyone who has been to do so. in the system of bonus pay. On other in the armed services, anyone who has The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there occasions I have tried to point out to the been around an air base, knows of the objection? The Chair hears none, and Senate what some of the abuses are. groups of administrative officers and the Senator from Wyoming may proceed~ XCVIII-199 3154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-=. SENATE March 91 The time he uses will be charged to the , My personal reaction is that there according to the position they hold, as Senator from Georgia. may be some merit to the contention of well as according to rank. If a captain Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, I believe it the Senator from Illinois that hazard­ ls holding a major's job, he is given a ·was on Friday morning that the Pre­ ous-duty pay can be reduced, although major's p&y; and all :flying officers re­ ;paredness Subcommittee of the Armed to my way of thinking there should not ceive in addition to the normal annual ; Services Committee called a meeting for be a -reduction so drastic as that which leave, 30 days, which must be spent in the sole purpose of studying the question his amendment would provide. a rest camp. ·of the hazard pay given to administra­ One of the arguments used for such In Germany, air force officers are al­ :tive officials for :flight time. We were pay has always been the extremely high lowed two leaves a year of 45 days' dura­ :briefed by two officers of the Military insurance rates for members of the tion, plus a certain number of days of Establishment, Vice Admiral Cassidy for Armed Forces performing · such duty. travel time. the Navy and General Hopwood for the The Government now provides $10,000 I cite these facts merely to show that Air Force. insurance, without cost, to all individ­ in some other countries service as an I wish to say to the Senate that those uals in the military services. I repeat, aviator is considered to be rather a pre .. hearings were called absolutely without I regret that the Senator has off ere<;l ferred position in the military estab­ ·any information or knowledge of the fact this amendment to a bill providing a lishment. that the Senator from Illinois was going cost-of-living increase to all military Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will to submit this amendent. So I wish the personnel. the Senator from Wyoming be willing Senator from Illinois to understand­ Mr. President, I am of the opinion to yield for a question in my time? f or I believe he thinks otherwise-that that if we are to chop this bill to pieces, Mr. HUNT. I am happy to yield. there is absolutely no connection what­ a bill on which the armed services have Mr. DOUGLAS. I wondered whether, soever between his amendments and the spent so much time and given so much citing the superior priyileges of the Rus­ beginning of the hearings on Friday. study, the best thing for us to do would sian air troops as compared to ground Mr. President, we have not completed be to send it back to the committee, troops, he would not suggest to our de­ the bearings. I think it would be a rather than vote on a subject with partment of propaganda that they use ; very serious mistake-and I say this which we are not familiar, and in plain that fact as propaganda with the Rus­ judging from my own knowledge as a terms, about which we know very little. sian ground troops? That might sow member of the Armed Services Commit­ Doubtless many of those assigned to some dissatisfaction with the iRfantry. tee-!or those of us on the :floor of the duty as pilots and in submarine work Mr. HUNT. I think I can answer the Senate, uninformed on this matter ex­ chose those branches of the service re­ Senator in this way: He probably is cept for what we obtained in general gardless of pay, while to others addi­ aware of the fact that a major general terms from the Senator from Illinois, to tional pay is a predominating factor. I vote on such a very important question. in the Army of the United States gets do not know the proportion of officers approximately 12 times the salary of a For instance, I know of a situation in these two categories, but, as the Sen­ bri.gadier general in the Russian Army. where certain officers on duty at the ator knows, aviation and submarine 1 Pentagon have supervision and direction In other words, the salary of an Ameri­ services are extremely important seg­ can brigadier general for 1 month is over a great number of pilots. For those ments of our military forces, and I am 1 officers not to have :flying time, but still equivalent to that of a Russian general sure he has no desire to do serious in­ for 12 months. · to be in complete control and charge of jury to either one or to our military officers who are :flying, seems to me not Mr. DOUGLAS. I wonder whether the forces in general. Senator would inform us wliether there to make sense. Frankly, I do not know what the re­ The amendment the Senator from Illi.. is bonus pay for the British Royal Air sults of the Senator's amendment might Force, as compared to the ground troops? nois bas submitted would reduce the be. I am sure the Senator will agree amount of so-called hazardous-duty pay that it would be preferable to have the Mr. HUNT. I am uninformed as to for participation in regular aerial :flights Armed Services Committee consider a that. and for submarine duty to $30 a month matter so important as is his amend­ Mr. DOUGLAS. My information is for each individual. ment before its adoption, and therefore that there is only a slight differential Prior to the Career Compensation Act, I was hoping the Senator would not press for the British air force. I wonder such hazardous-duty pay was computed this amendment. whether the Senator from Wyoming at the rate of 50 percent of the base pay I believe that the amendment should would inform us what the pay was in of the individual concerned. Under that be in the form of a bill whicn would be the German Luftwaffe, whether the Ger­ system, :flight pay and submarine pay referred to and considered by the Armed man air force received differentials over varied from $37.50 a month, for a pri.. Services Committee. The committee the ground forces? vate, to approximately $365 a month for should conduct hearings on it, and it Mr. HUNT. I am unadvised; but I a major general. should be reported back to this body and should like to say to the distinguished The Career Compensation Act com­ acted on as a clean bill, not as an amend­ Senator from Illinois that we have al­ pletely revised the computation of such ment to the bill which is now before the ways been able, I think, to give to- the pay, by substituting a fiat rate for each Senate. United States a better Air Force-better grade. That rate is considerably less · The cream of the Russian youth com­ trained, better .equipped, and in every than the 50 percent of base pay. The pete for 'flying duty in the Soviet Air way superior-than have the other present rates vary from $30 a month for Force; consequently, educational and countries to which he refers. a private to $75 a month for a master physical standards are much higher Mr. DOUGLAS. I am merely men­ sergeant. The present rates for officers than those of the ground forces. tioning this because the Senator from begin at $100 a month for second lieuten­ The reason for the great attractive­ Wyoming quoted the Russian practice ants, and increase progressively .to $210 ness of a :flying career and the resultant as an argument why an American avia­ a month for colonels. The rate then competition may be summed up in one tor should receive superior advantages drops back to $150 a month for generals word, incentives. In the case of Russia to those received by ground troops. It and admirals on :flying or submarine they take the following form. I shall list is my opinion that in the British and duty. a few of them: Length of service of :flying German forces only a minor distinction At the time of the committee's recom .. officer counts double toward retirement; was drawn between the services. The mendation regarding reductions in :flight Soviet air forces receive their scale No. American system is almost unique, I and submarine pay, as provided in the 5, which is the best one granted to-any think, among the forces of the world. Career Compensation Act, evidence was personnel in the Soviet armed forces. Of course, no one would object to liberal submitted to the committee that those The aviation hospitals are much finer leave allowances for aviators; they reductions might wreck the :flying and than the llospitals provided for the should have liberal leave allowances. submarine service, although sine~ the ground forces; an air force lieutenant The question is simply one of pay. enactment of that measure I am not who ls a pilot receives a base pay of 1,250 Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, recently, aware of any particular difficulties in ob­ rubles a month, while a lieutenant in 1n taking the testimony of General Hop­ taining personnel to perform those the infantry receives approximately only good and Admiral Cassady, a question duties. half the amount. The officers are paid substantially in this form was asked: 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3155 Do those in important administrative think the hazard to the life of each of fully examined and should not be dealt positions who receive this bonus pay have the two men is the same. Therefore, I with in this summary fashion. It is charge of flying plans, and of making up cannot see why one should be paid $30 quite true that an adequate number of the organization for attack, and things and the other should be paid $200. I am young men are now volunteering for fly­ of that kind? Do they receive this in­ surprised that the matter has not been ing service, but there can be little ques­ centive pay? taken up before this time. tion that the incentive pay which is The answer was, substantially: Yes, Mr. HUNT. The same situation ex­ available has been a considerable ele­ they do. ists in civilian life as well as in the armed ment in persuading them to enter that They were then asked, in substance: services, or in almost any line of en­ branch of the service. How would the pilots under those men deavor. The subcommittee, under the chair­ feel, knowing that their superior offic.ers Mr. MOODY. Paying $200 will not manship of the distinguished junior Sen­ were not flying officers? replace a general, any more than paying ator from Texas [Mr. JOHNSON], should It seemed to me to be a very strong $30 will replace a private. go into the question very carefully. We argument for continuing to allow these Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, will are all concerned about it. We all wish men to receive this incentive pay, at the Senator from Wyoming yield? to effect every possible economy that least until we have hearings on this Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, may I first can be effected and at the same time pre­ matter and can report fo the Senate a ask how much time I have remaining? serve an adequate defense for the Nation clean bill.with reference to it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Five and enable us to avoid a third world war, Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the minutes are left. or if another world war should come, to Senator yield? Mr. HUNT. I yield to the Senator provide such a defense as will enable us Mr. HUNT. I yield. from Florida. to survive and to maintain our free in­ Mr. MOODY. I realize that the dis­ Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, I stitutions. tinguished Senator from Wyoming, as a have here some statistics found in the There is much merit in the contention member of the committee, is much better testimony of Admiral Cassady when he of the Senato·r from Illinois, and I have informed on this subject than some of appeared before the committee. I should a great deal of sympathy with his views the others of us, but I am curious to like to ask the Senator if it is his under­ in the matter, but I respectfully submit know, since the Senator from Illinois standing that these figures are correct: that we should not in this fashion ap­ proposed such an amendment a year In World War II more than two-thirds proach it, as it were, with a meat ax and ago, and since it was adopted by the of all the Army officers killed in combat say that because the life of a private is Senate, as I remember, but was elimi­ were flying officers. The combat death as valuable as that of a general we will nated in conference, why this matter rate per thousand enlisted men was 69 cut them off at exactly the same level. which should be the subject of hearings for the Air Corps as compared with 27.7 The hazard involved is not always the before the committee, and why hearings for Infantry, 14% for the Navy, 4.9 for same. had been held on the question? Field Artillery, and 1.3 for Coast Artil-· Undoubtedly, the most hazardous task Mr. HUNT. There was no bill on the lery. is that of flying the new jet planes. All subject before the committee. During Is it the understanding of the Senator the "bugs" have not yet been taken out the past few months hearings on various from Wyoming that these figures indi­ of them. That is true of various types of cate that the death rate for flying offi­ airplanes. They are always flown by questions have been conducted by the commissioned officers. If we undertake subcommittee of the Armed Services cers is considerably higher per thousand than for combat officers in other to fix a definite limit on the amount of Committee, but the subcommittee had incentive pay, no man can, without a no opportunity to get around to the pro­ branches of the service? Mr. HUNT. I am not informed as to careful hearing and full investigation, posals of the Senator from Illinois. We the death rate in the various branches tell what effect it will have on the as­ had been quite busy looking-into other of the services, but if my memory serves sembling of an adequate, highly skilled, matters of importance. But I want to me correctly, the highest death rate is and highly trained corps of pilots to fly say to the Senator that the Senate sub­ in the Air Force. the planes or to undertake other very committee of the Armed Services Com­ dangerous missions. mittee had no idea, no thought, and no Mr. SMATHERS. For enlisted men the figure I have is that in World War II There are many abuses in the system suggestion that the Senator from Illinois the death rate was 69 per 1,000 for the which must and should be corrected, but was going to propose this amendment. Air Force and only 27.7 for the infantry. I think we would make a serious mistake In fact, the pending bill was made the I wondered if those are the correct if we were to undertake to deal with unfinished business of the Senate only figures. them in this fashion, in the absence of within a few days. This particular bill Mr. HUNT. I would think the figures . hearings and without any knowledge or \ had not even been assigned for consid­ are correct. information as to what the effect would eration Friday and today; so we had no I yield to the Senator from Georgia be upon a service which is absolutely way of even knowing that it was coming [Mr. RUSSELL]. vital to our existence as a free people. up for some time. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I be­ Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the Mr. MOODY. The Senator from Wy­ lieve the distinguished Senator from Sena tor from Georgia yield? oming knew, of course, that this amend­ Wyoming has covered the points involved Mr. RUSSELL. I yield to the Senator ment was adopted a year ago by the Sen­ in this discussion. No one can question from Minnesota. ate, but was eliminated in conference. the fact that there have been abuses in Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I should Certainly I think there is an excellent connection with flight pay. Some men like to ask the distinguished chairman point to be made as to the differences, for have drawn flying pay who were not en­ whether the committee has made a study example, in the degree of hazard under­ titled to receive it. There have un­ of the question why an increasing num­ gone by a private and that undergone by doubtedly been instances of officers hav­ ber of military personnel is holding or a higher officer. The risk to the life of ing taken advantage of the incentive pay has been granted flying status. Whether each is the same, and I think it is a high­ provision to draw funds which were they occupy chair positions in the Pen­ ly logical proposal which the Senator never contemplated by the Congress. tagon or are located in one of the mili­ from Illinois has made. I hope the Senate will not take this tary fields, a check of the records will Mr. HUNT. I think the Senator is meat-ax approach to the subject. As disclose that men far beyond the limit in quite correct. The life of a private is stated by the Senator from Wyoming, a age are still retaining flying status at just as dear as is the life of a general. subcommittee of the Sen.ate Committee some military post as far removed-- However, generals are in very, very im­ on Armed Services started an investiga­ Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I re­ portant positions, and the loss of a gen­ tion some weeks ago. It was in no wise gret that my time is so limited that I eral from the standpoint of directing the designed to counteract the efforts of the cannot yield at any greater length. Air Force, is of course, more serious than distinguished Senator from Illinois [Mr. Mr. THYE. I beg the Senator's par­ the loss of a private. DouGLAs]. I would not say that the dis­ don. Mr. MOODY. I understand that, but cussion last year may not have had an Mr. RUSSELL. I stated at the outset it is not a question of the respective val­ influence on the subject matter. of my remarks that we favored a very ues of the men; it is a question of re­ The question of extra pay for those in careful and painstaking investigation of munerating them for extra hazard. I the aviation service should be very care- the question. Undoubtedly there are a 3156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD=- SENATE March 31 number of .abuses which should be cor­ across the board, which would cost the hearings. As the Senator from Illinois rected. I was only suggesting that the Government $270,000,000? said no great harm can be done by vot­ cure offered might kill the patient. I think the point made by the Senator ing on this question today, and if it is whereas we hoped in the committee to from Illinois that the life of a private as urgent as the Senator from Illinois cure the abuses without any damage to and the life of a general, a captain, or a. says it is, hearings could be held, and the patient, which is the Air Force and lieutenant are equally precious is one then we would be assured of prompt which is a very vital branch of our armed that ca~ot be denied. action. services. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time the Senator yield? move that House bill 5715 be recom­ of the Senator from Georgia has expired. Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Sen­ mitted. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, how ator from California. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, a par­ much time do I have? Mr. KNOWLAND. I wonder if the liamentary inquiry. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen­ able Senator from Illinois would yield to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ator from Illinois has 11 minutes. me for the purpose of making a motion Senator from Illinois is in control of Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, there to recommit? the time. Does he yield to the Senator is a very simple principal at stake in this Mr. DOUGLAS. To recommit the from California? amendment. Fundamentally, I am not bill? Mr. DOUGLAS. No, I do not yield at the moment questioning the provi­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Yes. I think there ior the making of a motion to recom­ sion for _incentive pay. It can be ex­ is considerable merit in the fight the mit. I regret to have to say that to my amined by the committee. I am not Senator from Illinois has been making, good friend, the Sen~tor from California. proposing to abolish it; I am proposing but I also think we are dealing with a I ·do not yield. to equalize it so that all members of the highly technical problem. I am sure the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fiying service and the submarine service able Senator from Illinois does not want Senator from Illinois has 4 minutes re­ will get the same bonus pay which a pri­ to do anything that will cause irreparable maining. vate now receives. The Committee on harm to either our Air Force or our sub­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I yield Armed Services can then go into the marine service at a time when no one the floor. question of whether they should receive is sufficiently wise to be able to tell Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, a any bonus at all. For the moment I am whether they will be called upon to meet parliamentary inquiry. not attacking that. I am merely i;;aying some very serious challenges. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that wheri they are in danger, the life Therefore, it seems to me that rather Senator will state it. of an officer is no more precious than than to take piecemeal action, which Mr. KNOWLAND. Would a motion to the life of an enlisted man. would probably result in doing real dam­ recommit at this time be in order? I am also saying that the Senate, by age to the services, it would be better to The PRESIDING OFFICER. A mo­ its vote a few minutes ago, approved recommit the bill to the Committee on tion to recommit is in order. this principle for those who are in the Armed Services with instructions to go Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I greatest danger of all, namely, combat into the whole matter raised by the Sen­ move to recommit H. R. 5715 to the Com­ infantrymen and those who are actually ator from Illinois, and to report a bill · mittee on Armed Services with instruc­ under rifle fire or artillery fire. That is in which the phases referred to by him tions to go into the whole matter of the only issue at stake. would have been considered along with extra pay and to report back to the We know there are abuses. The · the pay feature. Senate at the earliest possible time. chairman of the Committee on Armed I think there is considerable merit in Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President. will Services, with his charateristic fairness, the action of the Senator in brining up the Senator yield for a question? stated those abuses. this question in connection with the pay Mr. KNO}VLAND. I yield. If we postpone this matter, we will al­ bill, because we will then find that the Mr. DOUGLAS. Does the Senator ways have the Air Force coming for­ armed services are vitally interested in from California include in his motion a ward and saying it should not be elimi­ getting the pay bill through, and conse­ request that the Committee on Armed nated. The representatives of that quently they may give more considera­ Services consider overseas allowances in force so stated last year when-we took up tion to the amendment proposed by the addition to other allowances? the question of 20-hour qualifying time, Senator from Illinois than they would if Mr. KNOWLAND. I do. in order to reduce the gravy which the it were a separate piece of legislation. I Mr. DOUGLAS. In that category I chair corps receives. They said it would say this because it seems to me that in think there can be found probably the ruin and wreck the Air Force, and they this highly technical field we would have greatest waste of all. There are offi­ were success!ul in postponing action. a better measure if we recommitted the cers abroad living like kings at the ex­ I have no criticism of those officers. bill and instructed the committee to go pense of the United States Government, Very few people like to give up privileges. into all pha5:es of the problem. in addition to sums which are collected Any group will hold on to a privilege as Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, may I from Germany, Austria, and Japan as long as it can. Yet here are systems of ask the Senator from California what is occupation costs. If there is a desire to bonus payments aggregating $270,- to prevent the Senate from debating this develop good feelings between the United 000,000. With the Government facing a amendment and then having the Com­ States and other nations, we had better­ deficit of $15,000,000,000 in the admin­ mittee on Armed Services take up these eliminate some of that slush, too. istrative budget and $10,000,000,000 in matters and report a supplemental bill? Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, it is the cash budget, it is time to make some It will ·not take any more time. obvious that this bill as it came from the excisions, to eliminate some of the To state the point frankly, we are House of Representatives called for the abuses, and cut out some of the diseased somewhat concerned that if the bill goes expenditure of $850,095,800, as shown on tissue. Certainly we would like to give back to committee, the siren and seduc­ page 4 of the committee report. The the servicemen involved privileges, but tive influence of the Air Force and Navy bill as reported by the Senate commit­ we simply cannot afford to allow the will be very powerful, and such action tee reduced that amount by $:t79,196,536, privileges now enjoyed to continue. will, in effect, delay this amendment. but it still leaves a bill calling for the Justice is on the side of this amend­ While·this issue is on the floor and be­ expenditure of $470,899,264. There is al­ ment. It does not sweep bonuses away; fore the country, I think it would be much most half a billion dollars involved in it equalizes them. Therefore, I hope better to have a vote upon it. the proposed legislation. the amendment will be adopted. Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the We have just adopted a combat-pay Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me? amendment which will probably in­ Senator yield? Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes; I am glad to crease the amount proposed by the Sen­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. yield to the Senator from Michigan. ate committee by possibly $75,000,000, Mr. MOODY. Is it not true that if Mr. MOODY. I should like to point perhaps more. Other amendments are there are particularly hazardous as­ out to the distinguished Senator from being proposed which . may seriously signments, such as those of test pilots, California that this question was before jeopardize our Air Force and submarine it would be quite possible to hire civilians the Senate a year ago. At that time it service. and pay them more without the neces­ was voted upon. It seems to me there However, I think the Senator from Illi­ sity of making the "increase applicable has been ample time in which to hold nois has made a point relative to the 1952 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD - SENATE 3157 questions here involved to which the lern!; here. I do not know for what pur­ Mr. RUSSELL. The Senator from American people are entitled to have a pose the chairman of my commit tee is California [Mr. KNOWLAND] has the full and complete answer. rising, but I will say that in my judg­ floor. I think the place for the point to be ment the 15th of April would allow too Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, a made by the Senator from Illinois, and short a time to give this subject the study parliamentary inquiry. those who seek to uphold this extra pay, to which it is entitled. The original The PRESIDING OFFICER. The is before the Committee on Armed Serv­ suggestion of the Senator from Illinois Senator will state it. ices, and it seems to me that the proper [Mr. DIRKSEN] was that the date be made Mr. KNOWLAND. I have now made manner of proceeding, and the one that April 15. He has accepted a modifica­ a motion to recommit the bill. I assume will obtain legislation which is not likely tion to May 15. .I shall certainly do that there will be a division of time on to endanger national defense, is to re­ everything I can, as a member of the the motion. I want to be generous with commit the bill to the committee with Armed Services Committee, to expedite the time, but I do not want to be in the instructions to study all questions which the hearings and report the bill back position where I am cut off from further have been raised on the floor of the sooner than that, if possible. May 15 discussion. There should be some time Senate. would be the deadline, which would give for those who are opposed to the motion Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, will us assurance that the subject would be to recommit. How much time have I? · the Senator yield? back before this body in time to act be­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. fore adjournment. · minutes are allowed to each side. Mr. DIRKSEN. I wonder if the Sen­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, will Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, a par­ ator from California would accept an the Senator further yield? ·liamentary inquiry. amendment to his motion. to recommit, Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in the form of an instruction to the com­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Will the Senator yield Senator will state it. mittee that it report back not later than so that I may ask the Senator from Mr. DOUGLAS. I should like to know April 15. There is a tremendous interest Georgia a question? whether or not the motion to recommit in this question at this time, as my col­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield for that takes precedence over the pending league [Mr. DOUGLAS] has said. I should purpose. amendment. not like to see the subject buried in the Mr. DIRKSEN. I ask the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. It does. committee. I should like to see the from Georgia if he feels that the date Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the question disposed of on its merits. It of May 1 would give the committee ample Senator from Georgia yield to me? seems to me that unless the Armed time to investigate the proposals which Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. As I under­ Services Committee is head over heels are now pending and to report back. I stand, my time begins to run as of now. in work, the time suggested would be should not like to see the subject buried. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sufficient to enable it to report a suita­ Mr. RUSSELL. I do not believe that Senator is correct. ble bill. May 1 would allow ample time. When Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, the Mr. KNOWLAND. Let me say to the we go into the various pay scales we are pay-raise bill was introduced last Octo­ Senator from Illinois that I do not want dealing with one of the most complex ber. It received very careful considera­ to see this matter buried in committee. su~ects that can possibly come before tion, and was passed by the House. I I am a member of the Armed Services the Congress. am averse to delaying consideration of Committee. I have not had.an oppor­ If the Senate wishes to recommit the it for as much as 6 weeks, or even 4 tunity to consult with the able chairman bill, it should be willing to give the Com­ weeks. It seems to me that the only of the committee [Mr. RussELLl. I be­ mittee on Armed Services a reasonable question in doubt is the question of the lieve that April 15 would be too early time. If the Senate is unwilling to give extra flight and submarine pay. a date to allow the type of investiga­ the Committee on Armed Services area­ Mr. RUSeELL. Oh, no. tion which should be made. However, sonable time, we ought to continue to Mr. LEHMAN. We have before us a I believe that a reasonable time would legislate on the floor and vote the amend­ bill on which we would be ready to vote be not later than May 15. .That would ments up or down as they come before except for those questions. We have give assurance that the question would us, pass a bill, and send it to the House, already adopted an amendment provid­ be brought back to the Senate for con­ and see what the result will be. ing for additional combat pay. It seems sideration before the Congress adjourns. I have told the Senate that even now, to me that so far as recommittal is con­ Mr. DIRKSEN. I will accept that after 2 or 3 weeks of preparation and cerned, at least the main purpose .would _ modification, if the Senator from Cali­ investigation, the Senate committee is be to study the question of additional fornia is willing to make the date May holding hearings on the question of fly­ flight pay and additional pay for sub­ 15. I believe that those who are inter­ ing pay. I believe the hearings started marine service. That is not a new sub­ ested are entitled to be heard. last Friday-at any rate some time dur- · ject. That subject has been before the Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ing the past week. They are in progress committee for a long time. submit my motion to recommit. at the present; time. It would be im­ I congratulate the committee and its Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the possible for the Senate Committee on chairman on the very conscientious and Senator yield for a question? Armed Services to go into all the ques­ devoted work which has been done. It Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. tions involved by April 15 and make an seems to me that there is involved an im­ Mr. LEHMAN. I wish to make it per­ intelligent report. If it must report by portant principle, which I am willing to fectly clear that I support the principle April 15, we shall have the bill back here support, but I am not willing to have the enunciated by· the Senator from Illi­ in just about the shape it is in now. If bill held up for another 4 weeks or 6 nois. At the same time, I think it is the Senate were unwilling to give the weeks. I believe that the members of reasonable that some further study be committee a reasonable time in case the the Armed Services are entitled to ac­ given to this subject. I should be willing bill should be recommitted, it would be tion within a reasonable time. What I to support the motion of the Senator better to proceed now to legislate on the consider a reasonable time is a delay of from California, provided the time limit floor of the Senate, as we are doing, and another 2 weeks. were made April 15. I do not believe it is see what kind of bill will evolve. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the desirable to delay consideration of this Mr. DIRKSEN. Would the Senator fact that the committee thought the subject for another 6 weeks. I should be agree to May 15, which would allow 6 pay increase should be settled at the compelled to vote against the motion of weeks? earliest possible date was the reason the Senator from California to recommit Mr. RUSSELL. I believe that during which prompted us to report the bill in unless the delay were limited to 2 weeks; that time the committee would have this fashion. Let me say to the Senator in other words, uBless the date were opportunity to investigate all the ques­ from New York the question is much made April 15, I should be compelled to tions involved. more involved than the question of fly­ vote against the motion. Mr. KNOWLAND. I will leave the ing pay. The Senator from Illinois has Mr. RUSSELL rose. date at May 15. an amendment which deals with extra Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, we Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the compensation for members of the Med­ are dealing with some practical prob- Senator from Georgia yield to me? ical and Dental Corps. He has another 3158 CONGRESSIONAL ~CORD - SENATE March 31 amendment which deals with the ques­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, at cost-of-living items-involving things tion of various perquisites and addi­ the suggestion of a number of Senators, members of the armed services must buy tional pay for officers and enlisted mem­ who feel that there should not be undue and the shelter they must provide for bers serving overseas. delay, and at the same time are mindful themselves and their families-by as The Senator from California has ac­ of the point raised by the chairman of much as 30 percent in some instances at cepted the suggestion that all those the committee, to the effect that April the same time reducing the over-all pay subjects be cor.sidered in the hearings. 15 would be too early, I modify my mo­ increase to 3 percent. Manifestly it would be impossible for the tion to recommit the bill so as to pro­ It is impossible to properly legislate committee, within a period of 2 weeks, to vide that it be reported back to the Sen­ in the fashion now being undertaken. give fair and just treatment to the many ate not later than May 1, instead of May We cannot tie a conglomeration of sub­ different problems which involve every 15. . jects togethei' without endangering the form of pay of all the rersonnel of the . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The entire bill. Any Senator who has served armed services. Senator from California modifies his on the Armed Services Committee and If the bill is recommitted, we would motion accordingly. has been in conference with the House hope to have a bill on the fioor of the Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. P~esident, will on bills of this type cannot fail to be Senate in less than 6 weeks, dealing with the Senator from Georgia yield? aware of the attitude of the Members of the question of hazard pay or fiying pay. Mr. RUSSELL. I yield to the Senator the other body when the Senate in­ The subcommittee is studying that sub­ from Arizona. corporates in such a bill subjects which ject at the present time. I think there Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I have not been explored in the hearings is little doubt that some legislation will hope the Senate will not jeopardize the before committees of the other House. evolve from those hearings, and that it allowances which are provided in the bill We would jeopardize the bill. will be on the fioor of the Senate before for the members of the armed services Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will the expiration of a period of 6 weeks. by recommitting the bill. We all know the Senator yield? Has he concluded If the Senate sees fit to do so, it has a that when a bill is recommitted, new pro­ his remarks? perfect right to adopt any amendments visions are placed in it, and it is then Mr. RUSSELL. No; I tAave not con­ it wishes to adopt. I have never com­ passed by the Senate, the conference cluded my remarks. plained about the exercise of rights or committee may take a considerable time Mr. DOUGLAS. Will the Senator privileges by any Senator. However, I in reaching a conclusion. I believe that yield for an explanatory statement? believe that these subjects should be con­ the evidence before the committee Mr. RUSSELL. Certainly. sidered in separate legislation, which we showed that some of the officers and en­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I desire to make it would hope to get to the fioor of the listed personnel involved, particularly pe::.-fectly clear that certainly I and I do Senate in less than 6 weeks. It may not those in the lower echelons, are barely not believe that any other Senator who be in the form in which all Senators wish eking out an existence under the present is sponsoring these amendments wishes to have it, but there will be an oppor­ allowances. They need the little extra to delay or impede for even so much unity to offer amendments at that time. money which this bill would provide. I as 1 day the granting of an increase in Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the had hoped that the bill would become basic pay and allowances. Quite to the Senator yield? effective at an earlier date. contrary, we want to speed up the pro­ Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. Mr. President, to recommit the bill cedure. That is one of the reasons why Mr. LONG. Can the Senator advise would mean jeopardizing the allowances I intend to vote against the motion to us whether or not, if a bill is passed with which are proposed for the members of recommit the bill, because it would delay these various amendments, it will be pos­ the military forces. Let us take up these the process of granting pay increases to sible for the conferees to go into the questions which have been raised and our military personnel. various subjects, seek the best advice, dispose of them in an orderly way in­ What we are trying to do while this and agree upon a bill? stead of jeopardizing the pay of the men question is before the Senate is to rem­ Mr. RUSSELL. As a practical matter, and women who are making a sacrifice edy injustices which consist on the one as the Senator from Louisiana knows, for the country. We have already given hand, of denying bonuses to those who when there is attached to a bill an en­ pay increases to civilian employees of are actuany·in danger, and, on the other tirely new provision, which has not been the Government, but we have delayed hand, granting excessively large bonuses the subject of hearings, it is next to im­ giving pay increases to officers and en­ to those who are not in any appreciable possible to have it agreed to in confer­ listed personnel of the armed services. I danger. At the same time we would save ence. I do not know whether or not understand that the report of the com­ approximately from $175,000,000 to the House committee has held hearings mittee on this bill was unanimous. $200,000,000 a year. I think it is per­ on these specific subjects. If it has, they I hope the Senate will not recommit fectly appropriate action to take on the will undoubtedly be dealt with in con­ the bill, and thus jeopardize the small fioor of the Senate. ference. If no hearings have been held pay increases which it provides for those by the House committee, the House con­ who are serving their country. Mr. RUSSELL. Of course I did not ferees will probably take the adamant Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the re­ charge that the Senator from Illinois is position, "We have held no hearings on port of the committee was unanimous, trying to delay the granting of an in­ that subject, and we refuse absolutely to but, as I stated when I presented the bill, crease in pay to our armed personnel. discuss it in conference.'' at least four members of the committee Mr. DOUGLAS. I wanted to make my In my opinion, the amendments to reserved the right to vote against any pay position perfectly clear. which reference has been made would increases whatever. They permitted the Mr. RUSSELL. However, that is the endanger the pay bill. If Senators wish bill to be reported to the Senate, and they natural and logical consequence of ap­ to use them as a device to prevent pas­ favored it as compared with the House pending a . variety of amendments to a sage of the pay bill, they have a per­ bill, but they reserved the right on the bill while it is \lnder discussion on the fect right to do so. As I understand, fioor of the Senate to oppose any increase fioor of the Senate.· It would provoke there is considerable opposition to any in compensation whatever. a conference on a long list of amend­ increase whatever in the pay of members There can be no question· about the ments, and the conferences would last of the armed services. At least four correctness of the statement made by longer than if the committee were to members of the committee reserved the the distinguished majority leader, that hold hearings until May 15. If the bill right to oppose the bill on the fioor. They if we use this bill as a vehicle for dealing is to be sent back to the committee, the have the right to exerci.Se that reserva­ with every subject under the sun that has committee should be given ample time in tion. I want the Senate to know that the to do with compensation in the armed which to investigate all the facts. reservation of the right to oppose this services we will jeopardize the increases Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, will bill on the floor was made in committee. provided in the pending bill. the Senator from Georgia yield? Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, In explaining the bill I undertook to Mr. RUSSELL. I am glad to yield to may I modify my motion? J>Oint out to the Senate that we did not the Senator from Florida. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The favor a 10 percent fiat increase, but that Mr. SMATHERS. Is it the opinion of Senator from California may modify his we had increased some of the allowances the chairman of the committee that the motion. which have e. direct relation to actual subcommittee which he has assigned to 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3159 examine into the question of hazard pay LAND] has moved that House bill 5715 be [Mr. MoRSE] and the Senator from Ohio can report its findings to the Senate by recommitted with instructions to report CMr. TAFT] are necessarily absent. May 1 or May 15? back to the Senate on or before May 1. The Senator from.Missouri [Mr. KEM] Mr. RUSSELL. The distinguished Mr. CAIN. I thank the Chair. is absent by leave of the Senate. Senator from Texas [Mr. JOHNSON], the The PRESIDING OFFICER. On If present and voting, the Senator able chairman of the subcommittee, is on this question the yeas and nays have from Vermont I.Mr. AIKEN], the Senator the floor of the Senate, and he can speak been ordered, and the clerk will call the from Pennsylvania [Mr. DUFF], the Sen­ for himself. However, it is my opinion roll. ator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTON­ that the subcommittee will undoubtedly Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I rise STALL] from the Senator from Oregon have concluded its hearings into that to a parliamentary inquiry. [Mr. MORSE] would each vote "nay." subject prior to that time, and that pro­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The result was announced-yeas 31, posed legislation will have been evolved Senator will state it. nays 44, as follows: from those hearings and will be on the Mr. RUSSELL. Were there not in­ floor of the Senate prior to May 15. cluded in the motion to recommit in­ YEAS-31 In my opinion by proceeding in that Bennett Ferguson Schoeppel structions as to the variety of subjects to Bricker Flanders Seaton manner final legislation could be enacted be covered by the committee in its in­ Bridges Hickenlooper Smith, Maine at a much earlier date than if we were vestigation and inquiries? Butler, Md. Hunt Smith, N. J. to legislate in fashion here proposed. Of "The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in­ Byrd Knowland Thye Cain Martin Welker course, I understand it is very attractive structions as the Chair understood the Cordon McCarthy Wiley to vote for these amendments, when motion of the Senator from California, Dirksen Millikin Williams everyone knows that some action should were to study the hazard-pay features of Dworshak Nixon Young Eastland O'Mahoney be taken, although no one is quite sure the bill. Ecton Robertson just what the action should be. In order Mr. KNOWLAND. That is correct. to get the job done properly we should The PRESIDING OFFICER. Were NAYs-44 follow the policy of allowing our com­ Anderson HUinphrey Monroney other instructions included in the mo­ Capehart Ives Moody mittees to deal with these subjects one tion? Chavez Johnson, Colo. Mundt by one and thus getting them ironed out Mr. KNOWLAND. No, to study the Connally Johnson, Tex. Murray properly. Douglas Johnston, S. C. Neely hazard-pay issues which have been Ellender Langer O 'Conor I hope that the Senate will not recom­ raised. Frear Lehman P astore mit the bill. It is my opinion that the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I Fulbright Lodge Russell Senate should face these issues squarely understood that the Senator from Cali­ George Long Smathers Gillette Magnuson Sparkman and courageously and vote down the mo­ fornia' agreed that the subject of over­ Green Malone Stennis tion to recommit the bill, and vote down seas allowances and the questions of Hayden Maybank Tobey the amendments. We should permit the doctors' allowances would also be in­ Hendrickson Mc Carran Underwood Hill McFarland Watkins subcommittee to conclude its work and cluded. Holland McKellar bring its bill to the Senate. Then the Mr. KNOWLAND. That is correct; I Senator from Illinois and other Sena­ think I also added the words "and the NOT VOTING-21 tors will have adequate opportunity to Alken Duff Kilgore other issues that have been raised on the Benton Hennings McClellan offer amendments if the bill as reported floor." Brewster Hoey McMahon is not in accord· with their desires. Mr. RUSSELL. That is correct. Butler, Nebr. Jenner Morse The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Carlson Kefauver Saltonstall The PRESIDING OFFICER. On the Case Kem Smith, N. C. question is on agreeing to the motion to question of agreeing to the motion to re­ Clements Kerr Taft recommit, as modified, offered by the commit, with instructions, the yeas and Senator from California. nays have been ordered; and the clerk So Mr. KNOWLAND's motion to recom.­ Mr. KNOWLANO and other Senators will call the roll. mit, with instructions, was rejected. requested the yeas and nays. The legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, a par.. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I an­ liamentary inquiry. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I nounce that the Senator from Connec­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The suggest the absence of a quorum. ticut [Mr. BENTON], the Senators from Senator will state the inquiry. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The North Carolina [Mr. HOEY and Mr. Mr. DOUGLAS. May I ask how much clerk will call the roll. SMITHJ, the Senator from Tennessee time remains to the proponents, and how The roll was called, and the follow­ [Mr. KEFAUVER], the Senator from Okla­ much to the opponents of the pending ing Senators answered to their names: homa [Mr. KERR], and the Senator from amendment? Anderson Hendrickson Moody Arkansas [Mr. McCLELLAN] are absent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pro­ Bennett Hickenlooper Mundt Bricker Hill Murray on official business. ponent of the amendment has 4 minutes Bridges Holland Neely· The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. remaining. Butler, Md. HUinphrey Nixon CLEMENTS], the Senator from Missouri Mr. DOUGLAS. And the opponents? Byrd Hunt O 'Conor Cain Ives O 'Mahoney [Mr. HENNINGS], and the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. All the Capehart Johnson, Colo. Pastore West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] are absent time of the opponents has been con­ Chavez Johnson, Tex. Robertson by leave of the Senate on official busi­ sumed. Connally Johnston, S. C. Russell Cordon Knowland Schoepp el ness. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. . President, the Dirksen Langer Seaton The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. amendment which is now before the Sen­ Douglas Lehman Smathers McMAHON] is absent because of illness. ate would at once give justice and at Dworshak Lodge Smith, Maine Eastland Long Smith, N. J. I announce further that if present and the same time save $142,000,000. What Ecton Magnuson Sparkman voting the Senator from Missouri [Mr. it does is to provide that there shall be Ellen der Malone Stennis equalization of the bonuses in the Air Ferguson Martin Thye HENNINGS ] and the Senator from North Flanders Maybank Tobey Carolina [Mr. HoEY] would vote "nay.'' Force and in the submarine services, but Frear McCarra n Underwood Mr. BRIDGES. I announce that the that all shall receive the same pay as a Fulbright McCarthy Watkins private, on the principle that there is no George McFarland Welker Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], the Gillette McKellar Wiley Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], the distinction between the life and the dan­ Green Millikin Williams Senator from South Dakota [Mr. CASE], ger suffered by officers and men. Hayden Monroney Young and the Senator from Massachusetts The amendment is in complete accord The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HUNT [Mr. SALTONSTALL] are absent on official with the principle which the Senate just in the chair) . A quorum is present. business. adopted in the case of combat troops. Mr. CAIN. Mr. President, will the The Senator from Maine [Mr. BREW­ That is a very fine amendment, and it Presiding Officer be so kind as to have STER], the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. likewise draws no distinction. My the pending motion stated again? BUTLER], the Senator from Pennsylvania amendment will provide the funds need­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The [Mr. DuFF], the Senator from Indiana ed for the extra money which has been Senator from California [Mr. KNow- [Mr. JENNER], the Senator from Oregon voted to those engaged in combat duty, 3160 CON GRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE !yf arch 31 and it will save more than $50,000,000 to sequences will ensue, although it is not in combat, under my amendment the taxpayers. known that it violates thousands of con­ would receive $30 a month; and when in Mr. MOODY. Mr. President, will the tracts which the Government has made combat, under the Long-Moody amend­ Senator yield for a question? with its citizens, and does so without any ment, they would receive $45. Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. exhaustive studies such as the commit­ Mr. RUSSELL. The Senator is cor­ Mr. MOODY. Is it not true that the tee is now endeavoring to make. rect. I did not understand the question. amendment of the distinguished Senator If it were desired to delay this pay The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time from Illinois, which would save the bill, carrying as it does allowances for for debate has expired. The question is money needed to provide extra combat those who have a large number of de­ on the amendment ofiered by the Sen­ pay, could be adjusted, if any inequities pendents, a very fine opportunity is pre­ ator from Illinois [Mr. DOUGLAS]. were found in it later, through the hear­ sented to delay it, merely by voting this Mr. DOUGLAS. I ask for the yeas ings to which the distinguished chairman amendment into the bill. It would be and nays. of the committee has referred? delayed in conference with the House The yeas and nays were ordered, and Mr. DOUGLAS. Oh, certainly, and perhaps for several weeks. We are deal­ the legislative clerk called the roll. furthermore, it would diminish the ap­ ing with the subject matter of the Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce petite of the Air Corps to go into the air amendment separately, and we hope to that the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. and earn-not earn, but receive-from be able to submit to the Senate a bill BENTON], the Senator from Tennessee $100 to $210 a month. Under the which will give the Senator from Illi­ · [Mr. KEFAUVER], the Senator from Okla­ amendment they would be paid $3.60 an nois and all other Senators who feel as homa [Mr. KERR], the Senator from Ar­ hour for overtime; which is good pay. he does an opportunity to amend the kansas [Mr. McCLELLAN], and the Sen­ Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the law which provides for flight pay or to ator from North Carolina [Mr. SMITHJ, Senator yield to me 1 minute? wipe it out entirely, but that should not are absent on official business. Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes, indeed; I am be done in this bill, when the committee now has the question· under investiga­ The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. very glad to yield 1 minute to the Sen­ CLEMENTS], the Senator from Missouri ator from Louisiana. tion. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will [Mr. HENNINGS], and the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The West Virginia [Mr. KILGORE] are absent Senator from Louisiana is recognized for the Senator yield for a question? Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. by leave of the Senate on official busi­ 1 minute. ness. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I shall sup­ Mr. STENNIS. Does not the amend­ ment of the Senator from Illinois cover The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. port this amendment. I realize that McMAHON] is absent because of illness. hearings on the· amendment cannot be both combat flying and flight training? held immediately, but the subcommittee Mr. RUSSELL. It makes no distinc­ Mr. BRIDGES. I announce that the of the Armed Services Committee is tion as to the varying degrees of danger Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], the already conducting hearings on this mat­ or anything else. It merely prescribes Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON]. ter, and even if the amendment cannot a rigid principle. A question so impor­ the Senator from South Dakota [Mr. be agreed to in conference, I believe that tant should not be dealt with in a meat­ CASE], and the Senator from Massachu­ some legislation along this line should ax fashion, without hearings. Hearings setts [Mr. SALTONSTALL] are absent on be adopted. Therefore I support thi-s are now in progress. Correction of the official business. amendment, hoping that the conferees situation of which the Senator from Illi­ The Senator from Maine [Mr. BREW· may get better advice on this subject, and nois complains will be expedited, and STER], the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. that meanwhile the Armed Services Senators who desire it will get an in­ BUTLER], the Senator from Pennsylvania Committee may be able to work out a pay creased allowance for dependents much [Mr. DUFF], the Senator from Indiana recommendation for service of this kind. quicker by dealing with the issues sepa­ [Mr. JENNER], the Senator from Oregon Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, in rately. [Mr. MORSE], and the Senator from Ohio view of the fact that the distinguished I thank the distinguished Senator tMr. TAFT] are necessarily absent. chairman of the Armed Services Com­ from Illinois for yielding me this time. The Senator from.Missouri [Mr. KEM] mittee has not had adequate time to dis­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I is absent by leave of the Senate. cuss this question, I yield whatever time know the Senator desires to have a cor­ The Senator from New Hampshire may remain to the Senator from rect statement made. Under the Long. [Mr. TOBEY] is detained on official busi­ Georgia. Moody amendment which the Senate has ness. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The just adopted, all members of the Armed If present and voting, the Senator Senator from Georgia is recognized. Forces, including aviators, engaging in from Vermont [Mr. AIKEN], the Senator Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I combat would be paid $45 a month. from PemlSylvania [Mr. DuFFl, the Sen­ merely wish to tell the Senate again that Mr. RUSSELL. I thought the amend­ ator from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTON­ this question is now under exhaustive ment failed to cover aviators. The STALL], and the Senator from Oregon inquiry by a subcommittee of the Senate amendment, unless changed by the Sen­ [Mr. M9RSE] would each vote "nay." Committee on Armed Services. It in­ ator from Michigan, did not deal with The result was announced- yeas 32, volves many ramifications. The Sena­ the Air Force, because, under the amend­ nays 43, as follows: tor's statement as to the danger varying ment as originally drafted, they drew no· combat pay. I do not know what YEAS-32 in degree and as to the value of life be­ Anderson G1llette Nixon ing the same in the case of a private and shape it is in now, but the amendment Bennett Hickenlooper O 'Conor the case of a general is of course true. as drafted had no application to such Bridges Humphrey Seaton But the hazards which accrue by virtue pay. Capehart Lehman Smith, Maine Chavez Long Smith,N. J. of various services rendered by the Air Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the Cordon Malone Thye Force are vastly different. In other Senator yield? Douglas Martin Watkins words, a pilot, a first lieutenant, flying a Mr. RUSSELL. I yield to the Senator Eastland Moody Welker Ellender Mundt Wiley jet plane on an experimental flight is from Louisiana. Ferguson Murray Williams incurring much more danger to his life Mr. LONG. I believe the Senator will Frear Neely than is a private having the position of find that the amendment which was NAYS-43 steward on the flight of a military air drawn does apply to those in the Air Bricker Hoey McKellar transport plane. Force, but it is provided that if they are Butler, Md. Holland Millikin Another question that is involved is receiving compensation above the $50 or Byrd Hunt Monroney the $45, as the case might be, they can­ Cain Ives O'Mahoney the question of how to solve honorably Connally Johnson, Colo. Pastore the problem of the various contracts en­ not draw more than one incentive pay. Dirksen Johnson, Tex. Robertson tered into by these men with the Govern­ Mr. RUSSELL. That is correct. They Dworshak Johnston, S. C. Russell ment, when they went into the service Ecton Knowland Schoeppel would not draw that in addition to re­ Flanders Langer Smathers of the Government with the assurance ceiving other pay. Fulbright Lodge Spark.man that they would receive this pay. That Mr. LONG. That is correct. George Magnuson Stennis question is aso involved. Here, without Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I Green Maybank Underwood. Hayden McCarran Young any hearing, it is proposed to take snap should like to point out that that clears Hendrickson McCarthy action, when it is not known what con- up the point. I think the Air Force, when Hill McFarland 1.952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3161 NOT VOTING-21 Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, will copilots without actually flying the Aiken Duff McClellan the Senator yield? planes. But I think the chairman of Benton­ Hennings McMahon Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Sena­ the committee brought out the very Brewster Jenner Morse Butler, Nebr. Kefauver Saltonstall tor from Oklahoma. point at issue, that the problem of try­ Carlson Kem Smith,N.O. Mr. MONRONEY. I must take ex­ ing to eliminate waste, while at the same Case Kerr Taft ception to the statement that the flying time preserving necessary hazard pay Clements Kilgore Tobey done is week-end excursion flying, and for men flying jet planes and other hot So Mr. DOUGLAS' amendment was to the inference that these men fly only military airships, can best be solved by rejected. 4 hours a month. subsequent legislation, such as he pro­ Mr. DOUGLAS. -Mr. President, I of­ Mr. DOUGLAS. The minimum is 4 poses to report by May I. fer the amendment which I send to the hours a month, with j yearly minimum Mr. RUSSELL. May 15. desk and ask to have stated. of 100 hours. That is an average of 8Ya Mr. MONRONEY. That is the way to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hours a month. approach the problem complained of by clerk will state the amendment offered Mr. MONRONEY. They must fly 10 the Senator from Illinois in his great by the Senator from Illinois. hours a month in order to make 100 hours efforts to save money. However, if in The CHIEF CLERK. On page 7, imme­ a year. I do not believe the Senator trying to save -a few dollars in flight diately following line 24, insert the fol­ wishes to leave with the Senate the im­ pay-- lowing new section: pression that this is week-end flying, Mr. DOUGLAS. A hundred million Section 3, subsection ( e) of section 204 of because he surely knows that in order dollars a year. the Career Compensation Act 'of 1949 is to maintain fiight status and earn flight hereby amended by adding the following Mr. MONRONEY. If we should lose after the period: pay, officers do not go on week-end ex­ some B-36 or B-29 bombers in Japan, "Flight personnel whose assigned duties cursions. They must fly through adverse we shall have been penny wise and do not involve actual combat missions or weather. That does not mean flying in pound foolish, because the very men flight in excess of 20 hours per month." fair weather; it means actual instru­ who today m'ight be chairborne in the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the ment flying, in conditions under which Pentagon, tomorrow might be sending a Senate has just defeated an amendment they must fly red-hot planes. They do son of the Senator or other boys out which would have saved $142,000,000. not have bonanzas, or easy civilian to fly ·in Korea. I want a flying air The amendment now before the Senate planes to fly. After they leave their force officer to be a man who can com­ is similar to an amendment which was desks, the planes they must take up in mand other men and tell them where adopted by the Senate last fall to the order to maintain their flying status and when to fly. miiitary appropriations bill. It tries to are fast, hot military planes. Not only Mr. DOUGLAS. The purpose of the strike at the abuse of administrative must they fly during that time on instru­ Senator from Oklahoma is the purpose officers being taken up into the air 4 ments through bad weather, but half the of the Senator from Illinois. I, too, hours a month, or 100 hours during the time it must be night flying. I do not want an Air Force that flies. In par­ year, and receiving a fiight bonus of believe any man will say it is a pleasant ticular, I want the pay to go to actual from $100 to $210 a month. The amend­ excursion or much fun to build up 100 aviators, not to obsolescent aviators, ment in question requires them to spend hours a year by buzzing around through those who because of girth or age have at least 20 hours a month in the air. 'It the skies in hot airplanes. been retired to desks. That is just the is hoped, therefore, that they will be Mr. DOUGLAS. It is my understand­ point. allowed to go into the air only if they ing that the duty of pilots can be dis­ Mr. MALONE. Mr. President, will are on an actual training mission and charged by their being' copilots for a the Senator yield? that they will not indulge in week-end large percentage of the required time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sky excursions at. the expense of the Mr. MONRONEY. That is not my un­ Senator from Georgia has control of the taxpayers. derstanding from talking with pilots in time. The Senate once adopted a provision the Air Force. Mr. RUSSELL. I yield to the Senator similar to this amendment. I believe Mr. MILLIKIN. Mr. President, if the from Nevada. there is a chance to save perhaps a simi­ Senator from Illinois will yield, I should Mr. MALONE. If, as the Senator from lar amount of money as would have been like to hear the answer to the question Illinois suggests, the regulations are be­ the Senator from Oklahoma asked the saved by the previous amendment. My ing used to permit week-end excursions estimate is that $25,000,000 in pay and Senator from Illinois. We could not hear $25,000,000 in gasoline will be saved, and on this side of the aisle. It seems to me and the like, I should like to know if the I have made a rough estimate that $50,- that the Senator from Oklahoma raised results desired could not be obtained by 000,000 in wear and tear on airplanes , a very important question, and I should simply an order from the head of the will be saved. like to hear the answer to it. Air Force. Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the Mr. DOUGLAS. It is my understand­ Mr. DOUGLAS. The basic law pro­ Senator yield for a question? ing that a large part of the duty of vides that the bonuses can be obtained Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Sena­ being a pilot can be discharged by acting if a man flies 4 hours a month or a tor from Louisiana. as a copilot. I .may say I have seen total of 100 hours a year, or an overage · Mr. LONG. Can the Senator assure payrolls-but I will not say how they of 8% hours a month. The regulations us that his amendment will not simply were furnished to me-in which there prescribe the type and height of flying, have the effect that those who might were mess officers, and others, who at the but the amount of flying is prescribed by have 4 or 5 hours a week tr~ining will end of a month proceeded to fly for 4 legislation. What the pending amend­ now have about 20 hours, which will hours to a certain place, and flew back ment tries to provide is that if officers probably cost more than he proposes to for 4 hours the first day of the follow­ receive the amount of pay indicated, save? ing month, thus meeting the require­ they should give at least 20 hours a Mr. DOUGLAS. On Friday I said, in ments for 2 months, as specified. month in the air. That would mean connection with this very question, that I should like to point out from an they would get two and one-half times this would be a very grave charge against article in the Evening Star, whose au­ the amount of training they now receive, the Air Force, if true. I do not believe thor appears to be well informed and, it is true. I do not believe we will find I think, fairly accurate, that approxi­ if the purpose is to promote efficiency. supervising personnel with the gall to mately 1,800 Air Corps officers of the This amendment provides that they give permission to administrative officers "chair corps" fly weekends and off days, shall give value fi::>r the money received. to fly 20 hours a month as copilots. I and therefore qualify for extra pay. Their responsibilities will not be dis­ think they will not do that. I have suf­ Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, will charged merely by 4 or 8 hours a month ficient faith in their patriotism and good the Senator yield? in the air, but they will have to fly 20 sense as supervisory authorities to be­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. hours, so the amount of training will be lieve that they will not do such a thing, Mr. MONRONEY. Obviously, per­ 'two and one-half times that which is and I reject the argument which the haps there are some defects; there may now received. Those flying merely to proponents of the Air Force used against be some ways in which very few high­ get ftight pay would be squeezed out by this amendment last year. ranking officers might be able to ride as that requirement. 3162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 31 Mr. MALONE. If the regulations are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The re;:ult of all this is that America clear-- amendment offered by the Senator from is being identified abroad not as a coun­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will Illinois will be stated. try of virile democracy, but as a country be necessary for the Senator from Ne­ The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 7, living off Europe, whose sol.:ders sta­ vada to have a Senator in control of the after line 24, it is proposed to add a new tioned abroad are living on the scale of time yield to him. section, as follows: the Waldorf-Astoria. That is not the Mr. RUSSELL. I merely wish to re­ SEC. All overseas station per diem allow­ impression we want to give to the world. peat substantially what I said a few ances for members of the armed services on It hurts our international relations, and minutes ago. There is not a Member of duty outside the continental United States it is provocative of great waste. the Senate who has not had his attention or in :Alaska, as set forth in the Joint Travel My amendment would cut these allow­ called to some officer drawing flight pay Regulations, appendix B, are hereby reduced ances in half. It would provide that the but who has not altogether been entitled 50 percent. • military personnel involved could receive to draw such pay. All of us are indig­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the an extra sum of between $1,000 and nant, and properly so, when we hear of Senate voted down one amendment $1,250 a year, over and above base pay, an officer who is drawing flight pay which would have saved $140,000,000, over and above quarters and subsistence when, as a matter of fact, his duties do and it voted down another amendment allowances, and over and above any sums not require him to be a pilot or entitle which would have saved $100,000,000. provided by the countries which are be­ him to draw such pay. I wish to say that There were two other amendments af­ ing occupied. The amendment would for every one of those men, there are fecting bonus pay which I had intended save a great deal of money. It would three or four men who are receiving in­ to offer, one relating to bonus pay for save incalculable amounts of money, and tensive training, and who may be in some parachute, glider, and other such duty, also it would remove a provocative way affected by the application of this which would have saved three and one­ source of international opposition. The amendment. third million dollars, and one relating to sums presently paid, I may say, are set A subcommittee headed by the Sen­ extra ponus pay for doctors, which would not by Congress, but by administrative ator from Texas is carefully going into have saved $25,000,000. However, in regulations. This is another example of every phase of this matter. I think we view of the treatment which has been the Armed Forces being extremely lavish are all aware of what that subcommit­ accorded to the other amendments, I do with themselves at the expense of the tee has done in the past, and I know not propose to offer them, but I hope the taxpayers. that they will go into the question of committee will consider those subjects. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I have flight pay and its administration in a I am offering the pending amendment, listened with a great deal of interest to careful manner and make adjustments reducing overseas allowances by 50 per­ the statement of the distinguished Sen­ on the basis of the hearings they will cent, and I should like to speak very ator from Illinois. I listened with in­ hold. briefly on that point. terest when he discussed this subject I wish to point out to the Senator from In addition to the basic pay which last week. I was somewhat surprised­ Illinois that this very amendment was officers and men receive, and in addition nay, startled-by some of the figures offered a year ago, and it was rejected to the quarters and subsistence allow­ which he gave the Senate. Over the by the House. The House would not ances which they receive if they are week end I have had occasion to look into consider it in conference. The Senator stationed overseas, they also are given this subject to some extent. There may has introduced no bill on the subject. what is called an overseas allowance. I be instances of officers drawing more The Armed Services Committee is go­ placed certain figures in the RECORD on than they are entitled to draw. The Sen­ ing into that subject now. I believe Friday, and I ask Senators, if they are ator from Illinois has properly and cor­ the Senate can depend on having a bill interested, to turn to page 3113 of the rectly stated that it is done under reg­ before it which will be based on facts, RECORD where they will see the scale on ulations, rather than by law. However, rather than being based on indignation a per diem basis. · the amounts involved are not quite so against two or three officers who might large as I was led to believe by the Sen­ have abused the provisions of the pres­ Very briefly, these additional amounts come to between $2,000 and $2,500 a ator's statement. ent law. I do not think we ought to ·year, over and above the basic pay, and There are a number of printed sched­ legislate in this shotgun fashion. It is above quarters and subsistence allow­ ules dealing with this subject. The per not necessary to do so to correct an ances. The result is that a colonel on diem allowance in London to which the evil. It is much better to allow the evil, Senator has referred is not excessive. It affecting a few officers, to continue for duty in London receives a total of $12,786, or about $13,000. Moreover, this is $2.75 a day. So the comparison with 6 weeks than to complicate this bill with the net income of $16,000 which the such an amendment, and also to jeop­ is added to in the occupied countries by allowances for servants, and other items Senator says is the maximum drawn by ardize the accomplishment. of a thor­ only 16 ·Britishers, is not applicable. ough job by way of legislation.. which are charged not against the United States Government, but against Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will I hope the Senate will reject the pend­ the occupation costs in Germany, Aus­ the Senator yield for a question? ing amendment. tria, and Japan. Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. Mr. President, the Senator from Wis­ Mr. DOUGLAS. The $3.75-­ consin [Mr. McCARTHY] requested some The result is that a very large propor­ tion of our officers and the first three Mr. RUSSELL. It is $2.75. time. I yield him 2 minutes. Mr. DOUGLAS. Appendix B of the Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, I grades in the enlisted groups are living Joint Travel Regulations, which I have asked for time before I heard the Sena­ abroad on an extremely lavish scale. before me, fixes a $3.75 subsistence al- · tor from Georgia speak. He had said Everyone who has been abroad knows lowance for London, plus $3 for quar­ everything I intended to say, and I think that to be so. Everyone who has friends ters, making a total of $6.75 a day, which he has said it much better than I could who have gone abroad knows it to be so. comes to about $2.35 0 a year. have said it, so I will not need the time. That has the dual result of wasting a Mr. RUSSELL. I was about to point The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tremendous amount of money and out that the Senator's amendment re­ question is on agreeing to the amend­ breeding an enormous amount of ill will lates to Joint Travel Regulations, Ap­ ment offered by the Senator from Illi­ against us in thosE. countries. I pointed pendix B. Appendix B is no longer in nois [Mr. DOUGLAS]. out, for example, that a colonel who was effect. That has long since passed on. Mr. DOUGLAS. I ask for the yeas a military attache in London, and who These regulations are redrawn..... every and nays. · received $12,786, could draw, in addi­ month; so the Senator's amendment is The yeas and nays were not ordered. tion, a military attache's allotment of not tied in with any existing regulation. Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I ask $3,720 more, giving him a total of Mr. DOUGLAS. Under which shell is for a division. the pea now? It seems that whenever On a division, the amendment was re­ $16,500. one tries to reduce the privileges of jected. I also pointed out that according to members of the Armed Forces, that group Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I offer the British income-tax statistics there moves the pea under a new shell. How­ the amendment which I send to the desk are only 16 people in the British Isles ever, in this shell game with the armed and ask to have stated. It is my amend­ who have a net income of more than services, I am willing to modify my ment designated "3-28-52-D." $16,000 after taxes. amencment so as to get at the right pea. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3163 Mr. RUSSELL. I am sorry that I Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I am greater debt. Our deficit next year will have not been able to get into this "shell not in a class with the Senator from be $15,000,000,000. While the very finan­ game" with any degree of success. The Illinois as a grammarian. The thought cial solvency of our country is being :first I heard of these matters was when I intended to convey was that I did not threatened, we go on like Rip Van Win­ the Senator raised them on Friday of believe it would work any irreparable kle, who would take a drink and say, last week. damage to the armed services of the "We won't count it this time." We can The total amount involved, which has United States if the Senate were to adopt save $10,000,000,000, the amount of the been drawn under all travel or per diem the amendment. However, I think it is estimated cash deficit, only by taking allowances, is $42,452,000. That is a a very poor way to legislate. action on specific measures, cutting out very substantial sum of money. How­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will abuses here and cutting out abuses there. ever, I wish to point out that $30,418,000 the Senator from Georgia yield? Of course the armed services will fight of that money goes to the enlisted men. Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. this attempt at economy. They are hav­ Therefore, the officers, all told-and Mr. DOUGLAS. It would save a lot ing a very good time of it. As the saying this includes travel and per diem-drew of money. goes, "They never had it so good." How­ only $12,000,000. Of course, that may Mr. RUSSELL. No; I do not believe ever it is costing money. be an excessive amount. Mr. President, that it could save a great amount of Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and it is very difficult indeed to deal with money. It might work some hardship on nays. any organization so far flung as our enlisted men. I do not know as to that. The yeas and nays were not ordered. Military Establishment withCJUt there Of course, the Senator from Illinois is Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I being some waste and some abuse. I correct in saying that our army of occu­ suggest the absence of a quorum. hope and believe that the subcommittee pation has lived in very splendid quar­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The headed by the distinguished Senator ters. Such practice on the part of con­ clerk will call the roll. from Texas [Mr. JOHNSON], which is now querors has been the unbroken rule The roll was called, and the following investigating these subjects, will go fully throughout history. However, we are Senators answered to their names: now changing our status in Germany. into them and bring before the Senate Anderson Hendrickson Monroney legislative provisions which will have We are coming more and more to be an Bennett Hickenlooper Moody some validity. associate of Germany rather than an Bricker Hill Mundt occupier of the country. I assume the Bridges Hoey Murray The pending amendment offered by Butler, Md. Holland Neely the Senator from Illinois relates to regu­ conditions which have prevailed will soon Byrd Humphrey Nixon lations which are no longer in effect change. Undoubtedly the subject should Cain Hunt O'Conor be inquired into. But how can any Capehart Ives O'Mahoney and which were discarded some months Chavez Johnson, Colo. Pastore ago. Member of the Senate, including the dis­ Connally Johnson, Tex. Robertson Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will tinguished Senator from Illinois, know Cordon Johnston, S. C. Russell the Senator from Georgia yield? exactly what would be the consequences Dirksen Knowland. Schoeppel of a vote in favor of this amendment? Douglas Langer Sea ton Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. Dworshak Lehman Smathers I suggest that the subcommittee go Mr. DOUGLAS. I wonder whether Eastland Lodge Smith, Maine ahead with the work on which it has em­ Ecton Long Smith, N. J. the distinguished Senator from Georgia, barked. The Senator from Texas [Mr. Ellender Magnuson Sparkman with his characteristic sense of fairness, JOHNSON] will report a bill. If it does Ferguson Malone Stennis would be willing to modify my amend­ Flanders Martin Thye not rectify the instances that the Sen­ Frear Maybank Underwood ment so that it will refer to the particu­ ator from Illinois has in mind, the Sen­ Fulbright McCarran Watkins lar regulations which are now in effect. ator from Illinois may submit an amend­ George McCarthy Welker As chairman of the Armed Services Com­ Gillette McFarland Wiley ment on the floor of the Senate to cor­ Green McKellar Williams mittee, he has acces's to that kind of rect the situation. I hope the Senator Hayden Millikin Young information, and I have never been able will be kind enough to go before the sub­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo­ to get it. committee and make a statement which Mr. RUSSELL. I hand to the Sena­ rum is present. will give the members of the subcom­ The question is on agreeing to the tor from Illinois the material which was mittee information which will be helpful furnished to me approximately 30 sec­ amendment offered by the Senator from to them in framing proper legislation Illinois [Mr. DouGLAs], as modified. onds ago by the staff that has been deal­ along the line the Senator has in mind ing with the subject. and along which we should legislate, be­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, on Mr. DOUGLAS. This material has ginning in committee and then coming this question I ask for the yeas and suddenly sprung from the bowels of the to the floor of the Senate, instead of be­ nays. earth. I must find my way through a ginning on the floor of the Senate and The yeas and nays were not ordered. maze of Army regulations. then requiring the Senate to send the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, on Mr. RUSSELL. If anything has bill back to the committee. this question I ask for a division. sprung from the bowels of the earth, it Obviously the matter can and will be On a division, the amendment, as is the amendment offered by the Senator corrected in due season. I hope the modified, was rejected. from Illinois. I did not bring this sub­ Senate will not adopt the amendment. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. ject before the Senate. I am glad that Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I have President, I call up my amendment. the Senator from Illinois has raised it, now figured out the Defense Department It has been read. I wish to speak on because it pin points the problem and memoranda governing overseas allow­ it now. The amendment is a short one. makes it a proper subject for investiga­ ances which are now in effect. Therefore The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion. I would be happy if the Senator I move to amend my amendment on line Senator from Colorado is recognized. would introduce a bill on the subject and 4 by striking out Appendix B and sub­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. thus give all of us an opportunity to stituting therefor Instruction memoran­ President, the senior Senator from look into it. In that way we could have da 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7. Arkansas has asked some questions the subject investigated and could de­ The PRESIDING OFFICER CARL HAYDEN. into the red or how much we would be should be authorized to veto items in any able to pay on the debt or how we could consolidated appropriation bill: Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, do proceed with a proper fiscal policy. ExEcUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, I correctly understand from the Senator However, that act has been ignored. We BUREAU OF THE BUDGET, from Arizona that he has put the entire understand that the majority will ob­ Washington, D. C., July 12, 1951. report in the RECORD? ject to having us obey this provision of Hon. CARL HAYDEN, Mr. HAYDEN. Yes. that act because they wish the Execu­ Chairman, Committee on Rules and Mr. FERGUSON. So the views of the tive branch to have control of the bud­ Administration, Senator from Arizona and the views of get. They do not want Congress to Un•ted States Senate. the majority of the committee also are have control of the purse strings, al­ MY DEAR SENATOR HAYDEN: This is in re­ included, are they? ply to your letter of June 1, 1951, in which though constitutionally the control is you request an expression of our views on Mr. HAYDEN. Yes. lodged in the Congress, not in the ex­ Senate Concurrent Resolution 27. This res­ Mr. FERGUSON. I understand that ecutive branch. olution would amend the joint rules of the the views of the majority of the commit­ Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will Congress to provide for a consolidated general tee are opposed to the views of the Sen­ the Senator from Michigan yield fur­ appropriation bill for each fiscal year, to a tor from Arizona. ther to me? require that appropriation bills contain cer­ Mr. President, I anticipated that my Mr. FERGUSON. I yield. tain provisions to limit obligations, to require that committee reports accompanying appro­ remarks would bring objection from the Mr. KNOWLAND. As a matter of priation bills contain certain tabulations of majority side. As I have said, the ma­ fact, is it not correct that the so-called expenditure estimates, and to make certain jority has refused to comply with the La Follette-Monroney Reorganization other changes in the rule.s. budget law which requires that a l~gisla­ Act is still on the statute books? I see no particular technical problems in­ tive budget be prepared at the beginning Mr. FERGUSON. Yes; it is still on volved in the draft resolution. of each year. the statute books, but it is absolutely The basic question, however, is one di1H­ We on this side of the aisle realize that ignored. culty which I have pointed out to the com­ with a budget of $85,400,000 ,000 this Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will mittee earlier on similar resolutions; nam~ly, the fact that a single appropriation bill-mag­ year, there are objections from the ma­ the Senator from Michigan yield fur­ nifies the problem of legislative riders on jority side to operating in such a way ther to me? appropriation acts. In the report of the as to make it possible to see the entire Mr. FERGUSON. I am glad to yield. committee on a prior resolution dealing wit h picture at one time, to have Congress Mr. KNOWLAND. Did not that act the consolidated appropriat ion bill, this consider the entire picture, and to real­ also provide that after the various fiscal problem apparently was recognized, as was ize at the time when it is passing the committees-namely, the Ways and the obvious solution; that is, the granting appropriation bills that it is operating on Means Committee of the House, the Fi­ of an item veto to the President. The ex­ nance Committee of the Senate, and the perience with the consolidated appropriation a deficit budget or deficit spending of bill last year str .Jngthens my belief that a approximately $14,400,000,000. Appropriations Committees of the two single appropriation bill is fertile ground for I realize how easy it is as we go along, bodies-estimated the receipts and esti­ the inclusion of legislative riders despite for the. majority to pass appropriation mated the expenditures, if the expendi­ provision in the current Senate and House bills, not knowing their real effect upon tures exceeded the receipts, as they do rules relating to legislation in appropriation the deficit. In the case of the second by approximately $14,000,000,000 in the bills. appropriation bill, it will also be true President's budget, then those commit­ It seems to me, therefore, that from the that at the time when we act on it we tees would have upon them the respon­ Executive point of view it would be better to sibility of bringing in a concurrent reso­ first provide for the item veto before act ·:on shall not know what its effec ~ on the is taken to consolidate appropriations into deficit will be and we shall not know lution increasing by that amount the one bill. what the deficit will be. borrowing power and the national debt? Sincerely yours, Finally, we shall come to the time Mr. FERGUSON. That is absolutely F. J. LAWTON, Director. when the last appropriation bill will be correct. I shall read section 138 (b) of The Senator from Wyoming [Mr. HuNTJ. passed. The chances are that it will be that act. Previously I read up to that on July 7, 1949, in reporting Senate Concur­ a bill from which the full $14,400,000,000, point in the act. As the Senator from rent Resolution 18 of the Eighty-first Con­ required to balance the budget, could not California has pointed out, the report of gress, which is identical with Senate Con­ be taken. Then we shall find ourselves those committees of Congress should current Resolution 27, indicated the need have included the following: for an item veto, but the bill which he and in the position of having passed the appropriation bills, and then-at the end SEC. 138. (b) The report shall be accom­ tht. Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE]. panied by a concurrent resolution adopting then joined in introducing (S. 2161), merely of the session-we shall have deficit such budget, and fixing the maximum authorized the President to impound sums spending. amount to be appropriated for expenditure of appropriated money, the expenditure of Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will in such year. If the estimated expenditures which he determines is not in the public the Senator from Michigan yield to exceed the estimated receipts, the concur­ interest, but granted to the President no au­ me? rent resolution shall include a section sub­ thority to disapprove legislation attached to stantially as follows: That it is the sense an appropriation bill. Mr. FERGUSON. I am glad to yield. Mr. KNOWLAND. Is the single ap­ of the Congress that the public debt shall In his report the Senator from Wyoming be increased in an amount equal to the stated: propriation bill the one which the able amount by which the estimated expendi­ "During the course of the hearings, the senior Senator from Virginia CMr. BYRD], tures for the ensuing fiscal year exceed the committee had before it for consideration a who has been very much interested in the estimated receipts, such amount being draft of proposed legislation which would problem

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1952 CO~GRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 3175 Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will 000,000,000, there would Qe deficit spend­ I have had time to make merely a the Senator from Michigan yield to me ing in the amount of $14,400,000,000. rather cursory examination, but I find, at this point? However, instead of doing that, the for instance, that we bind ourselves in­ Mr. FERGUSON. I shall yield in a public and the Congress will not know, definitely to help the nations mentioned moment. until midnight of the day when a recess by way of mutual aid and support; and Mr. President, here is what that law or adjournment of Congress is taken, those treaties contain substantially the requires· those committees to do: At the how much the deficit will be. Then the same language which is found in article beginning of the session, they are to de­ effect of that deficit upon the Nation 3 of the North Atlantic Pact; but they termine how much the income of the will be great, because it will be added to do not contain the same language which Federal Government will be. From what the already-existing infiation, and will appears in article 11 of the North At­ we can learn now, it looks as if the Gov­ reduce further the value of the 53-cent lantic Pact. ernment's income would be approxi­ dollar which we now have in the United It is said in these special security mately $7,000,000,000. Therefore, those States. treaties that they are to be ratified by committees should have submitted a con­ the constitutional processes of the coun­ current resolution providing that the tries which are parties to them. The public debt be increased in the amount of AUTHORIZATION FOR VESSELS OF CANA­ North Atlantic Pact, as we all know, pro­ $14,500,000,000, if they wanted to have DIAN REGISTRY TO TRANSPORT moN vides that each party shall not only the Congress appropriate the full amount ORE BETWEEN UNITED STATES PORTS ratify, but shall also carry out the pro­ of the President's budget. ON THE GREAT LAKES visions according to its constitutional However, instead of them doing that, Mr. WATKINS obtained the floor. processes. we are going along blind to the fact of Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President­ Personally I am in favor of the gen­ what the national debt will be. We shall The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the eral purposes and objectives of these two pass the appropriation bills as they come Senator from Utah yield to the Senator treaties, but I think they ought to be along, not realizing what the total will from Washington? given a little further consideration, and be, until we arrive at the end of the Mr. WATKINS. I yield. - that we ought to make legislative his­ last appropriation bill, probably in the Mr. MAGNUSON. There is on the tory and consider their possibilities. Un­ last few days of the session. In fact, desk Senate bill 2748, Calendar 1281, a less the legislative history gives a clear­ I shall be surprised if the total is known bill authorizing vessels of Canadian cut interpretation of just what the pow­ until shortly before we take a recess, registry to transport iron ore between ers are under them and what is intended probably about midnight of the day United States ports on the Great Lakes to be done, then possibly an interpreta­ Congress takes a recess. Up to that time, during 1952. We have had to extend tive statement ought to be in the resolu­ Congress will not know how much the this authority from year to year because tion of ratification: For the reasons deficit will be. of a lack of tonnage or ships on the stated I move to reconsider the votes by Now I yield to the Senator from Cali­ Great Lakes. which the respective treaties were rati­ fornia. The urgency of passing this bill now fied. First, I would like to move to re­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I thank the Sena­ arises because the ice on the northern consider the vote by which the security tor from Michigan. routes is breaking up, and it is desirable pact with the Philippines was ratified. Is it not a fact that the reason for that that this commerce be begun this week. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ provision of the La Follette-Monroney Therefore, as in legislative session, I tor has moved to reconsider the vote by Act was the need to raise a danger sig­ ask unanimous consent for the present which that treaty was ratified. nal at the beginning of the session, so consideration of this bill. Mr. WATKINS. I now move to recon­ the public and the country as a whole The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the sider the vote by which the treaty would be on ample notice that Congress Senator from Utah yield for that pur­ with-- · was proceeding with a deficit-financing pose? The VICE PRESIDENT. Only one program? Was not that the very rea­ Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, I do motion can be before the Senate at a son for the provision regarding a con­ not yield for that purpose. I shall speak time. current resolution, namely, so that the only a few minutes. If the Senator from Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I Nation could ascertain whose was the Washington wishes to bring up the bill move to lay the motion to reconsider on responsibility, and could do so in the after I have spoken, that will be satis­ the table. early part of the session, not when it factory. Mr. KNOWLAND. I suggest the ab­ was too late? Mr. MAGNUSON. I have made this sence of a quorum. Mr. FERGUSON. That is absolutely request because I have been waiting for Mr. CONNALLY. Wait a moment. correct. That is the reason why pro­ half an hour or more. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will vision was made that the report should Mr. WATKINS. So have I. the Senator from California withhold his be made by February 15. suggestion of the absence-of a quorum? I realize that at the beginning of the MOTIONS TO RECONSIDER MUTUAL DE­ Mr. KNOWLAND. I do not happen to :first session following enactment of the FENSE TREATY BETWEEN UNITED favor the move being made by the Sen­ La Follette-Monroney Reorganization STATES AND THE PHILIPPINES, AND ator from Utah, but, i;nerely from a par­ Act, it was difficult to comply with that SECURITY TREATY BETWEEN AUS­ liamentary point of view, I want to know part of the provisions of the act within TRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND THE whether he may enter both of his mo­ the length of time specified. However, UNITED STATES tions today; because, if the Senate now thereafter, and every year thereafter. adjourns, there may be a question as to particularly this year, our committees The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ whether the second motion could be could have begun at any time before tor from Utah has the floor, and the entered. February 15 and could have ascertained Senate is in executive session. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator the facts from the Director of the Bureau Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, a few from Utah has made one motion, and he of the Budget, if Congress had set up, days ago the Senate considered the se­ may enter the other .one; but it is not with a proper staff, a committee which curity pacts with Australia, New Zea­ pending until the first one is passed on. could have tackled the job. Then we land, and the Philippines. On those pacts the Senate took action by means of Mr. WATKINS. I wish to enter the would have been able to comply with other motion to reconsider the vote by the requirement by the 15th of Febru­ voice votes. I call attention to the fact that the Senate took rather hasty action which we ratified the security pacts with - ary; and then the people of the United New Zealand and Australia. States would have known what Congress on those very important treaties. was going· to do regarding the budget, I am in full accord with the statement The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator the deficit, the national debt, and the made by the majority leader some time from Tex~s moves to lay the first motion relationship between income and expend­ . ago, that there should be a yea-and-nay on the table. itures. In that way it would have been vote on any treaty of that kind. I per­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, a indicated that if it was the intent of sonally feel that there ought to be soma parliamentary inquiry. Congress to appropriate a total of $85,- legislative history made in this Chamber The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator 400,000,000, with an income of only $71,- on those treaties. will state it. 3176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE March 31 Mr. McFARLAND. If the Senate should properly. come before the Senate. eration of the security pacts? If there should recess until tomorrow, then the I expect to vote against the motion of was, I was not aware of it. motion would be voted upon tomorrow. the Senator from Utah, but it- seems to Mr. McFARLAND. I think notice was would it not? . me that if the able Senator from Texas given and I believe it was generally un­ The VICE PRESIDENT. It would i! would withdraw his motion to lay on derstood that the respective treaties the Senate were in executive session. the table-- would follow one after the other. As a Mr. McFARLAND. The motion to Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I matter of fact, the Senator from New table is not debatable, is it? understand he has withdrawn it. Jersey [Mr. SMITH] thought there was The VICE PRESIDENT. No, it is not Mr. KNOWLAND. No; he has not, I a limitation of time on the two treaties debatable. The motion to lay on the believe. We, at least, might have a brief to which the Senator from Utah has re­ table is not debatable. discussion, and perhaps we could agree ferred. We had given notice, and every­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President. on fixing the time for discussion, prior one understood they were to be brought will the Senator from Texas kindly with­ to a vote on the motion to lay on the up. I must insist on disposing of these hold his motion until the Senator from table. treaties. Washington may obtain the floor for the Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, will Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will purpose of placing something in the the Senator yield? the Senator yield? RECORD? Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield to the Sen- Mr. CONNALLY. I wanted to say Mr. WATKINS. As I understood, Mr. ator from California. something regarding the question which President, it is the present ruling that Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator is be­ has arisen. the motion to lay on the table is not in ing very fair in his statement, and I The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion order at this time. think that, very properly, these treaties of the Senator from Texas to lay on the The VICE PRESIDENT. No; the Sen- should be disposed of tomorrow. My table the motion of the Senator from a tor from Utah ~nade his statement, and only point was that it did not seem to me Utah is not debatable. then made his motion, after which he that the Senator from Utah should be Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, a yielded the floor. The Chair thereupon foreclosed by the motion to lay on the parliamentary inquiry. recognized the Senator from Texas, who table. I wonder whether it would be The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena­ then moved to table the motion made a greeable to have a limitation of not to tor will state it. by the Senator from Utah. That mo- exceed 1 hour to a side. Mr. CONNALLY. What would be the tion is in order. Then the Senator from Mr. CONNALLY. That is too much status with respect to giving notice of Utah inquired about another motion to time. or entering a motion? reconsider, in connection with another The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair The VICE PRESIDENT. The status treaty. Such a motion is not in order. understands the Senator from Texas has · would be that the Senator entering the but the Senator may enter it, and he withdrawn his motion to lay on the table. motion would have to call it up at a later may call it up at a subsequent time. Mr. CONNALLY. If the Senate takes date, in executive session. It is not Mr. WATKINS. That is what I un- a recess, will not the motion to table go pending, and cannot be pending until derstand, and I have entered that mo- over until tomorrow? the first motion is passed on. tio;-he VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, let Mr. CONNALLY. It, therefore, is not us see whether we can work out this subject to a motion to lay on the table? entered the motion on the second treaty, situation. Would the Senator be willing The VICE PRESIDENT. Not now, It Mr. CONNALLY. When the Senator to agree to an hour to a side on both would be when it is called up. presented his original motion he made a motions? Mr. CONNALLY. Very :well. statement about it. I see no reason why Mr. KNOWLAND. The motions are Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, may he should make another statement to- similar. I present a unanimous-consent request? morrow; but I shall not object. If the Mr. McFARLAND. Would the Sena­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, a majority leader wants to grant such a tor agree that the motions may be con­ parliamentary inquiry. request, I shall not object. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator Mr. McFARLAND. I inquire how long solidated and voted upon as one motion, will state the inquiry, the Senator from Utah wants to speak? · with an hour to a side? Mr. McFARLAND. Am I correct ln Mr. WATKINS. I did not know Mr. CONNALLY. I think an hour to my understanding that the motion is not whether the motion would be taken up a side is too much time. debatable? tomorrow or at some other time. Mr. KNOWLAND. Not for two mo.;. The VICE PRESIDENT. The motion Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I tions. to lay on the table is not debatable. made a unanimous-consent request, and Mr. McFARLAND. Of course, Mr. Mr. McFARLAND. Am I further cor­ I am, of course, speaking on that. But President, if I may say so to my good rect in my understanding that no busi­ these treaties are important. It is im- friend from Texas, the situation is that ness can be transacted for the present. portant that they be disposed of. They when the first motion is called up there while that motion is pending? have been pending for some time. I feel can be an hour of debate before the The VICE PRESIDENT. While the that it is our duty to dispose of them motion to lay on the table is made. I motion is not debatable, the Senate tomorrow. If we should postpone action think we would gain time by handling might, by unanimous consent, suspend any further, the delay would be misun- it in that way, because we could vote on action on it to take up other matters. derstood. I just asked the distinguished one motion without any debate at all, Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I Senator from Texas whether he would be and the other could be discussed for an­ ask unanimous consent that the Senator willing to withhold for a reasonable time other hour. from Washington may transact certain his motion to lay on the table. If he Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, a business, as in legislative session, with­ would do that, we might be able to agree parliamentary inquiry. out jeopardizing the motion of the Sena­ on a reasonable amount of time within The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator tor from Utah or tse motion of the Sen­ which to discuss the. motion-say, 30 . Will state it. ator from Texas to lay it on the table; minutes, tomorrow. Mr. CONNALLY. I have made a mo- also that-- Mr. WATKINS. It may take a little tion to table. If the Senate should take The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ longer than that. This is a very impor- a recess, will not the motion go over jection? tant matter, and the majority leader until tomorrow? Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, re­ himself has said that on treaties of this The VICE PRESIDENT. It will be serving the right to object, for the sake kind there ought to be a yea-and-nay the pending motion when the Senate of the record, and as a matter of parlia­ vote. returns to executive session. mentary procedure, it seems to me that Mr. McFARLAND. I said notice Mr. CONNALLY. I am agreeable to the motion of the Senator from Texas should be given of their consideration. · 30 minutes to a side, for both motions. would effectively foreclose even brief Mr. WATKINS. Was any notice giv- Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, I do statements 'on the part of the Senator en, when we were discussing the Japa- not expect to speak very long on the from Utah as to the reasons for his feel­ nese Peace Treaty that the Senator was matter. If that is the best the Senator ing that the motion which he has made going to move to proceed to the consid- from Texas will do, I shall agree to it. 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 3177 The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ registry to· transport iron ore between ator O'MAHONEY's interim resolution (S. J. jection, the Senator from Texas with;.. United States ports on the Great Lakes Res. 20) which would permit development draws his motion to Jay on the table, during 1952 was considered, oraered to of this great natural resource under Federal and, without objection, the two motions, be engrossed for a third reading, read auspices but with important concessions to the one which is already made and the the claims of the Coastal States. the third time, and passed, as fallows: Or the Senate can move backwards by ac­ one which is entered, will be consoli­ Be it enacted, etc., That, by reason of cepting the counterproposal to make a free dated, and debate will not exceed 30 min­ emergency conditions in transportation on gift of the lands to the States, despite re­ utes on a side. The Senator from Utah the Great Lakes, notwithstanding the pro­ peated Supreme Court decisions that the will control 30 minutes and the Senator visions of section 27 of the act of June 5, Federal Government has paramount rights from Texas will control 30 minutes. 1920 ( 41 Stat. 999) , as amended by the act to the oil areas in dispute. The argument is The unanimous-consent agreement as of April 11, 1935 (49 Stat. 154), and by act anything but theoretical. It involves an of July 2, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 442) , or the pro­ estimated $40,000,000,000 worth of oil re­ subsequently reduced to writing is, as visions of any other act, or regulation, ves­ serves, which shall be used either for the follows: sels of Canadian registry shall be permitted benefit of all the people of the United States Or dered, That debate on the motions of to transport iron ore between United States or for the benefit of the people of the tmee the Senator from Utah [Mr. WATKINS] to re­ ports on the Great Lakes until December 31, principal Coastal States (California, Texas, consider the votes of the Senate on Thurs­ 1952, or until such earlier time as the Con­ Louisiana) off whose shores the oil happens day, March 20, 1952, advising and consenting gress by concurrent resolution or the Presi­ to lie. to the ratification of the mutual-defense dent by proclamation may designate. As Senator PAUL DOUGLAS said: "When you treaty between the United States of America strip away all the legal gobbledygook the off­ and the Republic of the Philippines (Exec. shore oil issue comes down to this: Will the B, 82d Cong., 2d sess.), and a security treaty NEGOTIATION AND RATIFICATION OF Congress take away $40,000,000,000 of re­ between Australia, New Zealand, and the CERTAIN CONTRACTS WITH CERTAIN sources which belong to the 48 States and United States of America (Exec. C, 82d Cong., INDIANS OF SIOUX TRIBE give them to 3 States?" The House last 2d sess.), be limited to not exceeding 1 hour, year passed a measure giving the States to be equally divided and controlled by Mr. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the everything out to the 3-mile limit; and if WATKINS and Mr. CONNALLY, respectively. Senate the amendment of the House of the Senate follows suit the bill will almost Representatives to bill

COMMANDER, MEDICAL CORPS the legislative branch for the fiscal year James D. King William A. Roble HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ending June 30, 1953, and for other pur­ Harry L. Day William C. Cantrell poses