Die NGO-Koordination für die 9. UN-Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Konvention über die biologischen Vielfalt in Bonn 2008 100 Days to the UN Confe-
Der Deutsche Naturschutzring (DNR) und das Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung führen zwischen dem 15. April 2007 und dem 31. August 2008 das COP 9-Projekt durch. Es dient zur Vorbereitung rence on Biodiversity in und Begleitung der 9. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz des Übereinkommens über die biologische Vielfalt (9th Conference of Parties – COP 9 – to the Convention on Biological Diversity – CBD) und des Bonn International Dialogue Forum for the 4. Treffens der Mitglieder des Cartagena-Protokolls über biologische Sicherheit (4th Meeting of Parties – MOP 4 – to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety). 9th Conference of Parties to the Convention on
Das Projekt ist in zwei Teile gegliedert: Biological Diversity – CBD COP 9
1. die DNR-Informationskampagne, um den Bekanntheitsgrad der Konvention in Deutschland 7. - 8. February 2008, Berlin zu erhöhen und deren Ziele und Aufgaben der Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln,
2. das Aktionsprogramm der NGOs, das vom Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung auf nationaler, euro- päischer und internationaler Ebene koordiniert wird. 100 Tage bis zur UN-Konfe-
Wichtiges Anliegen ist es, die nationale und internationale Beteiligung der Nichtregierungsorgani- renz über die biologische sationen (NGOs) an den Schwerpunktthemen von COP9 und MOP4 gut zu unterstützen und mit zu organisieren, um den Anliegen der Zivilgesellschaft entsprechendes Gehör zu verschaffen. Vielfalt in Bonn Internationales In der Vorbereitungsphase auf COP 9 und MOP 4 wurden Fachkonferenzen zu den thematischen Schwerpunkten mit Experten aus Politik, Verwaltung, Wissenschaft und NGOs durchgeführt und Dialogforum zur 9. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der dokumentiert. Konvention über die biologische Vielfalt 7. - 8. Februar 2008, Berlin !elfalt !sche V »B!OlOg mit Fairness ützen« – Kontakt/Contact Impressum/Imprint sch und Verantwortung Project Office CBD COP9/MOP4 Herausgeber/editor: DNR/Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung c/o DNR/Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung Redaktion/compilation: Anja Hesse, Günter Mitlacher und !olog!cal Koblenzer Straße 65 • D-53173 Bonn Projektteam CBD COP9/MOP4 phone: +49-(0)2 28-92 399 353 Gestaltung/design: eichenartig.de with Fairness e-Mail: [email protected] Realisation/realisation: Monika Brinkmöller (Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung) »Conserve B Papier/paper: Recycling Papier (Recymago) Mehr Informationen/ Datum/date: 08/2008 Diversityand« – Responsibility more information: www.biodiv-network.de Dokumentation • Documentation Dokumentation
Das Projekt „COP9-Vorbereitung“ wird vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) gefördert.
100 DAYS TO THE UN CONFERENCE ON BIODIVERSITY IN BONN INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE FORUM FOR THE 9TH CONFERENCE OF PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY – CBD COP 9
7. – 8. FEBRUARY 2008, BERLIN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
100 TAGE BIS ZUR UN-KONFERENZ ÜBER DIE BIOLOGISCHE VIELFALT IN BONN
INTERNATIONALES DIALOGFORUM ZUR 9. VERTRAGSSTAATENKONFERENZ DER KONVENTION ÜBER DIE BIOLOGISCHE VIELFALT 2008 IN BONN
7.- 8. FEBRUAR 2008, BERLIN MUSEUM FÜR NATURKUNDE IMPRINT / IMPRESSUM
Deutscher Naturschutzring (DNR) / Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung Koblenzer Str. 65 D-53173 Bonn E-Mail: [email protected] / [email protected]
Translation/Übersetzung: Katharina Philipps
Pictures/ Bildnachweis: DNR/V.Schnabel
The International Dialogue Forum was part of the COP 9 / MOP 4 preparation project of DNR/German NGO Forum on Environment and Development and supported by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation with funds of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
Das Internationale Dialogforum fand statt im Rahmen des vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) geförderten gemeinsamen Projekts von DNR und Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung zur Vorbereitung von COP 9 und MOP 4 der CBD 2008 in Bonn
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ...... 5 Speeches and Presentations ...... 6 Opening - Opening Speech ...... 6 Günter Mitlacher, NGO Focal Point for CBD COP 9, NGO Forum on Environment and Development /German League for Nature and Environment - Welcome Address ...... 7 Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder, Director Museum of Natural History, Berlin - Greetings of Convenors: The Importance of Non-Governmental Organisations for the Implementation of the CBD and COP 9...... 9 Prof. Dr. Manfred Niekisch, Vice President, DNR German League for Nature and Environment - Opening Speech: Preparations for COP 9 of the CBD in Germany ...... 12 Matthias Machnig, Secretary of State Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety - Expectations of NGO Perspective for COP 9 ...... 12 Michael Frein, Board Member of German NGO Forum on Environment and Development
Topic: Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) - Report on the ABS negotiation status after ABSWG-6 ...... 14 Tim Hodges, Co-Chair of CBD ABS Working Group - Demands of Indigenous Peoples, Local Communities and NGOs to an ABS Regime ...... 15 Joji Carino, TEBTEBBA Foundation - Round Table discussion – The Strategy up to COP 9 and COP 10 ...... 16 Fernando Casas (Co-Chair ABS Working Group CBD), Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento (German Research Foundation DFG, WG ABS), Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder (Museum of Natural History), Hugo-Maria Schally (EU-Commission), Mute Schimpf (MISEREOR), Joji Carino (TEBTEBBA Foundation), François Meienberg (Declaration of Berne), Tim Hodges (Co-Chair ABS WG CBD) Chair: Dr. Konrad Uebelhör (Programme Implementing the Biodiversity Convention, German Technical Cooperation, GTZ) - Report about the work of DFG on ABS ...... 20 Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento, German Research Foundation (DFG), Working Group ABS - Position Paper of the Berne Declaration on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) ...... 22 François Meienberg, Declaration of Berne
Topic: Protected Areas, Forests and Financing - Implementing the CBD Programme of Work on Forests and Marine Protected Areas including Financing. Report on the status of negotiations ...... 23 Jochen Flasbarth, Director General Nature Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the name of the EU - Statement from the NGO Perspective ...... 24 Martin Kaiser, Greenpeace, Political Coordinator Biodiversity and Climate - Round Table Discussion – The Strategy up to COP 9 and COP 10...... 29 Andras Krolopp, (IUCN Countdown 2010), Dr. Andrei Laletin (Global Forest Coalition, Russia), Sascha Müller-Kraenner (The Nature Conservancy –TNC), Ashish Kothari (Kalpavriksh, India/IUCN), Dr. Hans-Joachim Mader
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(Naturschutzbund Deutschland), Christoph Heinrich (WWF Germany), Hugo-Maria Schally (EU-Commission), Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz (BMZ), Jochen Flasbarth (BMU) Chair: Dr. Horst Korn (BfN) - System of Protected Areas of the Russian Federation ...... 31 Andrei Laletin, Global Forest Coalition, Russia
Topic: Bioenergy and Biological Diversity - Bioenergy and Biodiversity – Conflict and Challenge – Actual Status of Facts and Discussions ...... 34 Uwe Fritsche, Coordinator Energy and Climate, Öko-Institut Darmstadt - Impacts of Bioenergy Demand on Biodiversity, Agricultural Diversity and Local Communities – Report from Indonesia ...... 39 Rudy Lumuru, Sawit Watch, Indonesia - Requirements of Sustainability for Bioenergy Production – the German and European Contribution ...... 42 Dr. Kilian Delbrück, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety - Liquid Biofuel Production and Biodiversity: What Consequences have to be drawn up in the framework of the CBD...... 44 Gabriele Obermayr, Member of the SBSTTA Bureau for Western European Countries - Round Table Discussion – The impact of liquid biofuel production on forests, agricultural diversity, indigenous people and local communities – consequences for the CBD ...... 46 Teresa Anderson (The GAIA Foundation), Kathrin Ammermann (German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation), Martin Kaiser (Greenpeace), Rudy Lumuru (Sawit Watch, Indonesia), Uwe Fritsche (Öko-Institut Darmstadt), Gabriele Obermayr (SBSTTA Bureau for Western European Countries) Chair: Jürgen Maier (Executive Director, German NGO Forum on Environment and Development)
Conclusion and Outlook - Making COP 9 a Success – the outlook of the CBD Secretariat ...... 49 Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, CBD - Making COP 9 a Success – the role of the EU Presidency until May 2008 ...... 53 Mitja Bricelj, State Secretary, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Slovenia - 100 Days to the Biodiversity Summit in Bonn 2008 – Key Messages to the COP 9 ...... 55 Joji Carino, TEBTEBBA, Ashish Kothari, Kalpavriksh, India/IUCN, Michael Frein, German NGO Forum Environment and Development
Reception at NABU headquarters - Opening address ...... 58 Olaf Tschimpke, President of NABU, German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union, German Partner of BirdLife International - Address from the next COP host country Japan ...... 60 Teppei Dohke, Secretary of Japan Committee for IUCN, The Nature Conservation Society of Japan
Programme ...... 61 List of Participants ...... 62
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PREFACE / VORWORT
WHAT THE INTERNATIONAL WAS DAS INTERNATIONALE DIALOGUE FORUM WANTED DIALOGFORUM ERREICHEN WOLLTE TO ACHIEVE Am 8. Februar waren es noch 100 Tage bis February 8th was 100 days before the 9th zum 19. Mai 2008, dem Beginn der 9. UN- UN Conference to the Convention on Konferenz über die biologische Vielfalt in Biological Diversity (CBD), that started on Bonn. Durch das international hochkarätig May 19th in Bonn. Therefore the German besetzte Dialogforum sollte die Öffentlich- NGO Forum on Environment and keit über die wichtigsten Themenfelder und Development and the German League for Hindernisse informiert werden sowie über Nature Conservation convened a dialogue die Fortschritte, die auf der 9. UN-Konfe- forum to inform the public about important renz erzielt werden sollten. COP 9 matters, major obstacles and progress that needed to be achieved at COP Das Forum bot Raum für den Dialog von 9 in Bonn. NGOs mit Vertreterinnen und Vertretern von Regierungen und CBD-Gremien zu drei zen- The dialogue forum focused on three tralen Konfliktfeldern der Bonner Konferenz: important strategic goals: 1. Wie muss bis 2010 ein rechtlich verbind- 1. How can a legally binding regime on liches Regime aussehen, das den Zu- Access and Benefit Sharing be achieved gang zu genetischen Ressourcen und by 2010 and what are the key elements? den gerechten Vorteilsausgleich aus de- ren Nutzung regelt, sog. ABS-Regime? 2. How must a global network of terrestrial protected areas by 2010 and marine 2. Wie muss ein globales System von protected areas by 2012 get into force Schutzgebieten für Wälder bis 2010 und and how can it be financed? Meere bis 2012 umgesetzt werden und wie soll es finanziert sein? 3. What are the impacts of the production of bioenergy/biofuels on forests, 3. Welche Auswirkungen hat die Produkti- agricultural biodiversity, indigenous on von Biokraftstoffen auf Wälder und people and local communities? What landwirtschaftliche Vielfalt, indigene are the consequences in the framework Volksgruppen und lokale Gemeinschaf- of the CBD? ten? Welche Konsequenzen müssen im Rahmen der CBD gezogen werden? Representatives of international and German NGOs met officials of CBD and delegations Das internationale Dialogforum sollte dem to discuss these questions. This was weiteren Verhandlungsprozess bis zur UN- intended to be a contribution to pushing Konferenz im Mai nochmals Impulse verlei- the negotiations forward. hen.
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SPEECHES AND PRESENTATIONS
Opening
OPENING SPEECH Günter Mitlacher, NGO Focal Point for CBD COP9, NGO Forum on Environment and Development /German League for Nature and Environment
In seiner Eröffnungsansprache begrüßt Günter Mitlacher, Leiter des COP 9-Projektes und NGO Focal Point für die MOP 4 und COP 9, die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer des Dialogforums, das erstmalig 100 Tage vor einer COP der CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) stattfindet. Durch das international hochkarätig besetzte Dialogforum soll die Öffent- lichkeit über die wichtigsten Themenfelder und Hindernisse sowie die Fortschritte informiert werden, die auf der 9. UN-Konferenz erzielt werden müssen. Der Dank für die Realisierung der Veranstaltung geht an die Arbeitsgruppe Biodiversität des Forums Umwelt und Entwicklung, an das Bundesumweltministerium für die Finanzierung und das Bundesamt für Naturschutz für die fachliche Unterstützung sowie Herrn Prof. Leinfelder vom Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Es ist ein außergewöhnlicher Ort für das Erleben biologischer Vielfalt und die Ausrichtung des Dialogforums.
Dear Secretary of State Mr. Machnig, ted areas intended to demonstrate the Ladies and gentlemen, biodiversity of previous geological and Dear Colleagues, historical periods, as well as to illustrate the flora and fauna that surrounds us here and In the name of the COP 9-Project of the Ger- now. Especially for the UN-conference, a wall man network of organisations for develop- of biodiversity has been arranged which can ment, agriculture and environmental pro- be seen in the neighbouring room, although tection I would like to open the Internatio- only dead examples are being exhibited. nal Dialogue Forum „100 days to the UN These exhibits no longer have the chance to Conference on Biodiversity“, which will be multiply and adapt to the ever-changing held in May 2008 in Bonn. demands of the environment. However we want to – now we have to conserve the living Major events often stand tall on the horizon. and not preserve the dead biodiversity in 100 days to go until the 9th Conference of the order to guarantee all options for evolving Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and adapting to new ecological demands. – the CBD – is an important date because it is How we can keep this evolutionary future well suited to inform the general public as open and the means, which we will have to well as the NGO community and to raise use to achieve this, will be discussing, arguing public awareness of the forthcoming event. and hopefully solving.
Ensuring biodiversity beyond tomorrow is I would like to mention five points concerning our most important mission for the future the dialogue forum beforehand: and largest challenge that – being closely linked to climate protection – must be 1. This conference is the result of the wide tackled forcefully and with great persistence. range of ideas, proposals and activities We want to and we have to draw people’s of the organisations and dedicated attention to this mission – after all it is a individuals from the Environment and matter of nothing less than preserving life Development Forum’s working group on on earth. biodiversity. It was an evolutionary process with much innovation, and of course A small fraction of this diversity is on display critiques relating to the chosen topics. At here, in this beautiful Natural History Mu- the same time these represent just a small seum in Berlin. We are pleased to come here part of the CBD’s large remit. to establish a connection with the earth’s inhabitants about which we will discuss today 2. At this point firstly I would like to thank and tomorrow. Such museums are designa- the Federal Ministry for the Environment,
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Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 5. The organising committee of the Forum that has helped to fund this forum. on Environment and Development and the Secondly all the colleagues from the German League on Nature Conservation Federal Agency for Nature Conservation will do their utmost to meet whatever needs for their contribution and specialist you have. However, organising this event support, and of course the speakers for due to the short time since November last their participation and the COP 9-Team year was not easy and we would like to from the German League for Nature apologise for any inconvenience you might and Environment’s head office for encounter – extra allowances need to be helping with the preparation and made as Bonn is recovering from its 5th organisation. season, the carnival season.
3. The diversity in languages – as we all know I will guide you through the Dialogue – sometimes leads to communication Forum’s programme and would like to start problems when discussing biodiversity. In with the museum’s general director, for order to make this easier, everything will whose spontaneous decision to make this be in German and English. location available for our meeting I am extremely grateful – this was during the 1st 4. We are holding the meeting in a museum National Forum on Biodiversity on 5 and not in a conference hall. Therefore December 2007 in Berlin. That quickly we will notice a multitude of noises from developed into an extremely enjoyable all around us: the moving of chairs – cooperation with you Professor Leinfelder which should be done carefully – and the and likewise with Ms Schmidt from the clattering of dishes for our provision, from museum, who stood by with help and outside the big bang simulation and the advice. Many thanks for this! vociferous joy from the children’s reaction to this spectacle. And this is the charm of Now I would like to ask you to address your this location! Make the most of it; use the greeting to the participants of the dialogue breaks to commune with biodiversity. forum.
WELCOME ADDRESS Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder, Generaldirektor des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin, heißt alle Gäste im Naturkundemuseum willkommen und berichtet über die Arbeit des Museums und die Aufgaben, die es bei dem Erhalt der Biodiversität erfüllen kann. Die umfangreichen naturkundlichen Sammlungen machen es zu einer wichtigen Forschungsinfrastruktur und stellen einen Datenspeicher der Natur dar. Dieses Wissen werde benötigt, um zukünftig genauere Vorhersagen über den Biodiversitätsverlust von Ökosystemen zu treffen. Ein wich- tiger Punkt dabei sei eine weitere Digitalisierung der Daten und deren Darstellung im Internet. Außerdem sei eine verbesserte Vernetzung zwischen Forschungssammlungen und globalem und regionalem Monitoring wichtig. Professor Leinfelder schlägt in diesem Zusammenhang die Einführung des ESFRI-Ansatzes „LifeWatch“ vor.
Dear Secretary General, many of you were here at our museum. Even Dear State Secretary, a greater pleasure it is seeing you back again. Dear Representatives of governmental and Last June, we could only provide you with a non-governmental organisations, preview of our new exhibitions Evolution in Dear Delegates, Action. Now you will be able to see them after half a year of great public success, so I as the head of the Museum für Naturkunde hope you may take at least a few minutes to Berlin it is my great pleasure to welcome you have a look at our Biodiversity Wall in the here at our institution. For quite some of Biodiversity and Evolution Hall just next door. you this is not a new location – I do remember the remarkable „Environmental Day“-Event Meanwhile our entire institution continued last June just before the G8 summit, where with its own evolution and diversity. As many
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future. To do this we still have to improve our joint efforts of digitally providing all data and metadata, i.e. all research results associated with our objects through the internet. By this we will become a hypercomputer with billions of datasets, ready for providing representative samples for each time and space for nearly all places of the world, which will allow much better predictive modelling.
We also strongly favour better ties and cooperation between research collections and (global and regional) monitoring, and in this respect we are presently suggesting a joint- effort ESFRI-approach called LifeWatch.
Just to name a few activities of our museum: z Our museum is involved in several research and monitoring programs such as BIOTA, z We work on innovative monitoring of you know, our natural history collections techniques such as automatized biodi- include more than 30 millions of objects versity assessment by recording and which places them among the worlds automatically analysing animal sounds, largest, and - together with our scientific staff, z We run and coordinate the German our research laboratories and our specialised activities for the International Year of the biodiversity library - defines us, just as other Reef 2008, including ReefCheck as a joint similar collections as a large-scale, collection monitoring program of researchers and based research infrastructure. I am pleased amateur sport divers, to tell you that this has been increasingly z We will present a special exhibitions on acknowledged by politics. Thus, both federal coral reefs here in Berlin, starting 9th of government and state governments have April, all this under the auspices of decided to improve the funding as well as Federal Environmental Minister Sigmar strategic situation of our museum. Gabriel, z and will of course participate in side What can natural history collections do to events, exposition and plaza of diversity help the world on the way towards a more during COP9. sustainable use of nature? Ladies and gentlemen, We consider ourselves not only as a re- z as the head of this museum, pository of life, ready and capable to provide z as the chair of the Consortium of German taxonomic expertise in order to assess bio- Natural History Research Collections, diversity changes and identify invasive z as a member of the German Diversitas species, but we are also working to assess Advisory Board, ecospace characteristics of known organisms, z as a institutional member of the Con- tie this as metadata to species and local sortium of European Taxonomic Facilities populations, and thus helps to predict and changes of entire ecosystems in times of loss z as a German Delegate of an OECD Glo- of biodiversity. bal Science Forum workshop series on Policy Issues Related to Scientific Research As a whole, we consider our collections, Collections, together with all the other collections in the hence, on behalf of all these institutions and world - and we guess that there are about groups I can assure you, that we all have 1,5-3 billion collection objects out there — high expectations for the CBD COP 9. Let us as the memory of nature, and it is only with make this symposium a success to help COP a functioning memory that you can imagine 9 becoming a breakthrough towards the the past and then, especially, predict the sustainable and fair use of our planet.
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GREETINGS OF CONVENORS: THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CBD AND COP 9 Prof. Dr. Manfred Niekisch, Vice President, DNR German League for Nature and Environment
Prof. Dr. Manfred Niekisch, Vizepräsident des Deutschen Naturschutzringes (DNR), berichtet von der Bedeutung der Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NROs) für die Umsetzung der CBD und für die COP 9. In der CBD haben Schutzgebiete eine besonders hohe Bedeutung, um die Verlustrate der biologischen Vielfalt zu verringern. Doch die Umsetzung durch die Mitglieds- staaten ist in den vergangenen 16 Jahren nur sehr schleppend und mangelhaft erfolgt. Impulse erfolgten hauptsächlich durch die NROs. Dieses Beispiel verdeutliche die generelle Umsetzungsproblematik der Konvention, die auch auf die Hauptthemen der COP 9 zutreffe: ABS, Meeresschutzgebiete sowie der Schutz der Wälder. Gewisse Fortschritte ließen sich allerdings bei der Finanzierung erkennen. Die Rolle der NROs sei es, neben der Beteiligung an der Umsetzung der CBD, auf Gefahren hinzuweisen und Entwicklungen kritisch zu beglei- ten. Gerade die deutschen NROs haben gemeinsam mit der Bundesregierung als Gastgeber der COP 9 eine Vorbildfunktion beim Schutz der Biodiversität inne.
At least since the creation of the Yellowstone significantly reduce the rate of loss of global National Park in 1872, designating pro- biodiversity. By 2012, furthermore, all pro- tected areas has been a canonical tool of tected areas are to have effective manage- environmental protection. Almost all nations ment in existence, using participatory and in the world have made their experiences, science-based site planning processes that and to a certain extent, nature reserves are incorporate clear biodiversity objectives. The the backbone of soil protection. In recent final stage is to be reached in 2015, when years, their share of the global surface area all protected areas and protected area systems was considerably increased, and has now are to be integrated into the wider land- and reached approx. 12 %, with their number seascape by applying the ecosystem having passed the 100,000 mark. However, approach and taking into account ecological these positive figures should not belie the connectivity. It takes some measure of fact that the integrity of many nature reserves optimism to maintain that several years is at least severely compromised, if not remain to realise these targets. Experience outright threatened. so far, however, in particular with regard to what followed these decisions, has been a Deficiencies in networking, diverging norms, sad affair now dragging into its fifth year: nonexistent quality criteria, and monitoring abysmal reporting by the signatory states, shortfalls were some of the deficits listed by implementation shortfalls, and plain dis- the authors of the CBD in 1992 which regard of the deadlines listed above – which compelled them – while expressly recognising the CBD member states have set for the great importance of nature reserves – to themselves, after all. This leaves much room call upon the signatory nations in the text of for scepticism. The most recent official status convention to “establish a system of protected report was sobering. The Eighth Conference areas or areas where special measures need of the Parties in Curitiba, Brazil, in March 2006 to be taken to conserve biological diversity”, was to review what had been accomplished and to “develop, where necessary, guidelines between 2004 and 2006 with regard to for the selection, establishment and manage- realising the programme of work, but de facto ment” of these areas. It took, however, 12 remained unable to do so. The reason for years – i.e. until the Seventh Conference of this is just as banal as it is disappointing: the Parties to the Convention (COP 7) in Kuala there was exceedingly little useful in- Lumpur, Malaysia in 2004 – before, finally, formation available from the signatory at least a programme of work including nations. deadlines was adopted. According to this programme, the signatory nations were to And yet there had been a clear run-up during establish and maintain, by 2010 for terrestrial which more than enough information could areas and by 2012 for marine areas, have been collected. Only a few weeks after “comprehensive, effectively managed and the highly productive First Meeting of the Ad ecologically representative systems of Hoc Open-ended Working Group on protected areas” that, collectively, will Protected Areas in Montecatini/Italy in June
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2005, Ahmed Djoghlaf, the Executive by the CBD Secretariat, several workshops were Secretary of the CBD, had sent a message held which brought marked improvement with regarding the results to all 188 parties to the regard to the competence of protected area staff. CBD (187 states and the European Union) Furthermore, a tool kit was developed for the as well as to non-governmental organisations further dissemination of this training. and indigenous and local communities, asking them to hand in, until January 5 This shows, almost symptomatic for the overall 2006, reports on the implementation of the Convention, how momentum might come to programme of work to the Secretariat in further development and actual implementation preparation of COP 8. and where it has come from so far, namely, the Secretariat and stakeholder organisations, and The deadline came and went, and only 15 far less from the party states’ initiatives. The members (Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belarus, necessity to make decisions unanimously, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Czech diplomatic deliberations and strategies far Republic, the European Union, Germany, removed from the actual contents of the India, Poland, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey) Convention, special interests of individual states, as well as 8 NGOs and 4 indigenous and and the increasingly deepening and widening local communities had complied with the divide between developing and emerging request. A sad, in fact embarrassing scene! In countries on the one side, and the industrial addition, however, members were bound to nations with their corporations and economic hand in their regular – now third – National policies on the other, all impede the realisation Report on the implementation of the Con- of the objectives of the CBD. vention on Biological Diversity, also until January 5, 2006. The relevant form contained If this is this obvious in a traditional and sim- nine specific questions regarding the national ple instrument such as protected areas, it status of the programme of work on protected applies even more to the considerably more areas. Even though the members were bound complex and complicated main issues of the by international law, less than a third (50) next COP: Access and Benefit Sharing, marine complied. There was nothing for the Executive protected areas in the high seas, and protection Secretary to do but base his report on this of forests. Here, too, it is civil society organi- meagre foundation. The report, document sations which push for progress to be made. UNEP/CBD/COP/8/29, is widely available. It The Bonn guidelines on access to genetic also contains, based on this situation, a series resources and fair and equitable sharing of of recommendations by the Secretariat. These the benefits were developed and put forward were more or less adopted by the Eighth to a large degree by private organisations. The Convention of the Parties, and became part fact that they have not yet really been of “Decision VIII/24 – Review of implemen- implemented, on the other hand, puts the ball tation of the programme of work on protected in the governments’ court. They are unable to areas for the period 2004-2006” which, all in come to an agreement and refrain from all, contains 47 items. introducing, or even reject, binding rules.
Interestingly enough, the first paragraph of With regard to key questions of financing, there the document was used to thank a number of finally are recognisable developments. This is international organisations for environmental good news, especially with regard to the protection, namely The Nature Conservancy, financial shortfalls which have so far notoriously Conservation International, Wildlife Con- plagued the work of the CBD, and the still servation Society und WWF, for their technical malfunctioning Global Environment Facility and financial support which is credited with a (GEF), which as a matter of fact had been significant part of the achieved progress. While specifically set up to finance the implementation this, on the one hand, is great to hear, it also of the Convention on Biological Diversity. highlights the major deficits in the work of those actually responsible, i.e. the nations. In the run-up to COP 9, several governments This thank-you note for the NGOs hence leaves – some using development aid – have the CBD parties with egg on their faces. increased their budgets for the protection of biodiversity and protected areas. It remains It was only in recent months that momentum to be seen how efficiently these funds are returned to the CBD, raising hope. Initiated used, and whether the right priorities will be
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set, in particular with regard to safeguarding The distant, and in fact real objective of the the sustainability of long-term resource CBD and its implementation is to achieve protection projects. Good Global Governance. Respecting the national sovereignty of states while Simultaneously, new tools and strategies to strengthening the rights of local and permanently secure financing were and are indigenous communities, and at the same being developed, e.g. different types of time assuming responsibility for living funds, and new alliances forged, for instance natural resources: reaching good global the “Conservation Finance Alliance” (CFA), governance is what we try to achieve through which was created in 2002 and is mainly the CBD. The fact alone that other environ- supported by environmental and develop- mental agreements (CITES, Ramsar, World ment NGOs, governments and their admi- Heritage Convention, Convention on nistrative organisations, and the relevant Migratory Species, Framework Convention programmes of the United Nations. on Climate Change) increasingly recognise the CBD as a common umbrella convention The immediate conclusion from the above is and consider their own implementation as that globally, NGOs provide a considerable contributions to achieving the targets of the contribution to pushing forward the successful CBD provided for some real momentum with implementation of the CBD. regard to climate protection and sustainable use of natural resources. There may still be Naturally, this is also the case in Germany, a lack of sweeping political course-setting, e.g. with regard to developing and imple- and in government mindsets, good global menting the national biodiversity strategy, governance plays only a minor role. Yet bit which turned out really well, and which was by bit, people come to the conclusion how developed on the initiative and lead-managed closely related, e.g., poverty reduction and by the Federal Ministry for the Environment. protection of biodiversity really are. And while However, we will have to look at this in more state delegations continue to literally fight detail later, as we will into the NGOs’ actual over words, it is first and foremost private demands and expectations with regard to initiatives which have long since begun to COP 9 and the signatory states. implement the ideas which are at the heart of the CBD. Local private groups, like those It has to be and to remain our role as a united in the Equator Initiative of the United non-governmental organisation to point out Nations Development Programme, are dangers and critically assess developments. already providing global lessons on the Especially in the context of our warnings of feasibility of sustainability. the consequences of massive species extinction and the effects of anthropocentric At COP 9, NGOs will show the world what climate change, also with regard to global global solidarity means, what the world’s peace and the poverty situation, we are too real problems are, and they can be solved. often accused of fear-mongering and But we should not release governments from excessively pessimistic perspectives. It is hard their responsibility. not to be astonished by these comments. No one would even think of reproaching As a German NGO, we will play the spotlight flight attendants for alarmism on the role of a good host and, together with the grounds that they explain the use of life Federal Government, we will show our jackets prior to take-off. And are fire safety nation to be open, friendly, and innovative. engineers overly pessimistic because they ins- Together, we have to have the courage to ist that emergency exists in shopping malls take on a leading, exemplary role when it remain accessible? No, naturally the issue comes to protecting biodiversity. One part of here is not one of fear-mongering or this are credible signals and behaviour, not pessimism, but of caution and precaution, only in environmental and development of emergency planning based on solid facts. policy, but also coming from the business Their constructive approach notwith- community. What form these may and have standing, NGOs have to continue playing to take will be heatedly discussed in a their role as alerters, admonishers, and number of meetings in the run-up to COP 9. democratic watchdogs of governmental In this spirit, I wish today’s event success and activity (or inactivity!). a far-reaching landmark impact.
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OPENING SPEECH: PREPARATIONS FOR COP 9 OF THE CBD IN GERMANY Matthias Machnig, Secretary of State Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
The speech of the Secretary of State was not available in written form.
EXPECTATIONS OF NGO PERSPECTIVE FOR COP 9 Michael Frein, Board Member of German NGO Forum on Environment and Development
Michael Frein, Mitglied des Leitungskreises Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung, formuliert die NGO-Erwartungen an die kommende COP9 am Beispiel des CAMISEA-Erdgasprojektes in Peru. Dieses Projekt fördere mit Geldern der Weltbank die Abholzung des Regenwaldes und somit den Verlust von Biodiversität. Aus Sicht der NGOs müssen diese Gelder für den Erhalt der biologischen Vielfalt ausgegeben werden. Außerdem muss der Handel mit illegal geschla- genem Holz beendet werden. In Schutzgebieten müssen auch die Rechte indigener Völker ausreichend Beachtung finden. Die Basis dafür bildet die UN-Erklärung über die Rechte indigener Völker. Um Biopiraterie zu beenden, muss eine Regelung über den Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und den gerechten Vorteilsausgleich (ABS) auf der COP 9 vorangebracht werden. Wichtig ist es auch, die CBD insgesamt zu stärken, um mehr Einfluss auf die anderen interna- tionalen Konventionen wie WTO und GATT auszuüben.
CAMISEA is located in the Peruvian Amazon, met expectations. Germany did not prevent the in the middle of the rainforest. What 2000 credit allocation to CAMISEA - on the contrary it years ago was unspoiled wildlife, is today a is said, Germany was even in favour of it. vast project for gas production. In justifying actionist position, Germany has Two days ago, on 5 February, the World Bank, said that the situation could have become or more precisely its subsidiary the Internatio- even worse had it not agreed. But what does nal Finance Corporation (IFC), gave CAMISEA this mean? Are forests now cleared more a 300 million US-dollar credit for future gas elegantly? Destroyed in a less painful way? production. The credit is another contribution From an NGO perspective we expect to the destruction of the rainforest. Even more something more: not turgid speeches, but forest will disappear and biological diversity decisive action for the preservation of will be sacrificed to fulfill access and profit biological diversity. And of course, it is even interests attached to gas production. more difficult to stand the test, when access and profit interests are strong. In other words: CAMISEA demonstrates the major challenges facing the Convention on By the way, the CAMISEA project which Biological Diversity (CBD). First and receives the credit has a capital expenditure foremost, there is the loss of biodiversity. One of 3,8 billion US-dollars, half of this being of the CBD’s stated objectives is to further public funds. These public funds would bett- the opposite, its preservation. Unfortunately, er be invested in support of protected areas. in the light of strong economic interests, we There is an urgent need for action. often experience a conflict between protection of and access to natural resources. The CBD But this is not only about financing. Illegal must face up to this conflict. If the Convention logging is a serious problem for the is to make effective contributions to the preservation of forests. The impact of voluntary protection of biological diversity, it will not solutions is limited. Obviously, we need be able to avoid the conflict. binding rules, which punish the trade with wood and timber from illegal logging. One The Convention is only one side of the coin; its can already imagine those with doubts, Parties are on the other side of the same coin. explaining why this sort of punishment might Of course, the Parties to the Convention are be in conflict with existing WTO rules. Isn’t it a particularly responsible for the protection of fact that products should be traded on the biodiversity. It is a sad fact that the host of the basis of the principle of non-discrimination, forthcoming Conference of the Parties has not regardless their mode of production?
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Yes, we have to admit, these rules exist. On enhance compliance with the CBD, violation the other hand, there are legitimate reasons of the CBD’s objectives will continue to take to consider at least that such new liability place. More concretely: if a patent can be rules could fulfill WTO criteria. However, a issued without a certificate of compliance binding rule, which is able to impose which corresponds to the suggestions made sanctions, must not flounder because of the by the expert group in Lima, biopiracy will WTO. Otherwise we will surely witness the continue to be the order of the day. loss of the remaining primeval forests. Thus, the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related CAMISEA also demonstrates that the Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) preservation of biodiversity involves human has to be adjusted. Of course, the refusal beings. Should anyone doubt the need for of patents must be possible to comply with indigenous peoples to fight for their rights – mutually agreed terms. The ability to resist CAMISEA is an example of how their rights the patenting of human (living?) material have been trespassed. It is out of the question must be part of such a rule. to speak of free and prior informed consent of the use of their land. On the contrary, we have It is unclear whether the refusal of access to received accounts of threats and pressure. markets because of a missing certificate of compliance is compatible with the rules of This does not comply with the provisions of the the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous (GATT). Even though these questions are Peoples. It is of utmost importance to the CBD complicated this is no reason to surrender to make this declaration of international law or to bury one’s head in the sand or to politically binding on all Parties. How else can interpret the mandate of the CBD in a narrow biological diversity be protected in a sustainable way. Otherwise, competing interests will win manner? Can this be done successfully against out. Naturally, the Convention is not about the will and the rights of those living in affected nature, but about the relationship of areas? I would say ‘no’. mankind to nature. In other words, it is about mankind’s treatment of biological diversity. Of course, the CBD does not only touch on the rights of indigenous peoples with regard This relationship – and CAMISEA is only to protected areas. This leads us to the third one of many examples – is often marked by objective of the Convention, a fair and equitable access and benefit interests. In many cases, regime on access and benefit sharing (ABS). special interest groups are behind the scene, but there is also a global middle and upper Even here, the UN Declaration on the Rights class whose lifestyle and consumer buying of Indigenous Peoples must form the basis for habits depend on a non-sustainable use of action. Any agreement on access and benefit natural resources and biodiversity. sharing cannot fall short of this declaration. One could say that we come up against From the perspective of indigenous peoples limiting factors. To protect pandas and and NGOs, this forms the measuring rod for elephants is one thing, but it is another to any assessment of such an international do without illegally cut timber and cheap regime. And naturally, it will have to be gas and to end biopiracy. This would assessed. It is not our aim to have a regime. actually be costly and would affect lifestyles Our aim is to prevent biopiracy. And the in industrialized countries. regime can only serve as an instrument. In the end, we will have to see whether it is an To summarize our expectations towards the effective one. Again, we must talk about Conference of the Parties we could say that constraints to the CBD. This time, the constraint we want to widen the Convention’s is patent law. Again, we face strong and boundaries. We have to learn to be willing powerful interests, and again the CBD runs to accept change, if we really want to protect the risk of surrendering to the WTO bulwark. biological diversity and to find solutions for fair and equitable access and benefit sharing. In fact, the situation is similar to the one of This is our task, our challenge. The hope illegal logging. If the Parties to the Convention remains that the Parties to the Convention do not issue laws and regulations, which will be able to meet this challenge.
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TOPIC: ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING (ABS)
REPORT ON THE ABS NEGOTIATION STATUS AFTER ABSWG-6 Tim Hodges, Co-Chair of CBD ABS Working Group
Tim Hodges, Co-Vorsitzender der CBD ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) Arbeitsgruppe, gibt eine kurze Einführung über die CBD und betont die Wichtigkeit dieses Dialogforums mit verschiedenen Interessengruppen für die weiteren Verhandlungen in Bonn. Es wird der mo- mentane Diskussionsstand um ein ABS-Regime nach den letzten beiden Arbeitsgruppentreffen vorgestellt. Für die COP 9 sei es besonders wichtig, einen entscheidenden Schritt zu einem ABS-Regime voranzukommen, um bis 2010 zu einem guten Ergebnis zu kommen.
Introduction z Valuable, but not sufficient z World Summit on Sustainable Development z This meeting comes at an extremely (WSSD), Johannesburg 2002 important time for Germany, for the 191 z CBD COP7 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Parties to the UN CBD, for the longer- 2004 term fate of global biodiversity o CBD COP8 in Curitiba, Brasil 2006: z German Presidency over course of final Dedicated Co-chairs, period of ABS negotiations (2008-2010) o Gave Mandate for 2010, o Decided Principles o 100 days before COP o 14 days since the conclusion of a Results of ABSWG-5 in 2007 and critical negotiation – which has ABSWG-6 in 2008 important implications for COP9 z Core elements of a regime: Benefit z Co-chairs named by COP reporting to Sharing, Access, Compliance PIC/MAT COP, supported by our respective (prior informed consent/mutually agreed governments, but I do not represent the terms), Objective, Capacity Building Government of Canada – but speak for z Political issues: Scope, Nature, Traditional myself alone Knowledge (TK) z Technical issues, capacity building What is ABS? Road Ahead to COP9 z 3 objectives of CBD z Grand bargain z Draft recommendations to COP z But more than that, it is about sustainable z Annex for negotiation (main components, development: environmental, social, policy options, implementing tools) economic z Political issues z Not just a problem, an opportunity z We need: clear direction for the remaining z Complex, cross-cutting two years of negotiation, on the basis of strong political signals from Parties, Mi- Why does ABS matter? nisters, Leaders z We need strengthened engagement from z Meet global commitments, improve NGOs, research community benefits distribution z Work at home: better preparations, z Over longer term protect potential of more domestic work, identify national biodiversity, not merely for sake of interests protection of a species, but also for eco- z Need to put ABS in broader context of nomic health and economic benefits nature/biodiversity/development/climate change agendas in order to identify win- Where we have been? win situation z World has gone global, for better or z Began in 2001 in Germany, Bonn, with worse, the solutions must be global work on voluntary guidelines, adopted in 2002 as “Bonn Guidelines” 14 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
DEMANDS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND NGOS TO AN ABS REGIME Joji Carino, TEBTEBBA Foundation
Joji Carino von der Tebtebba Stiftung formuliert die Forderungen der Indigenen Völker, lokaler Gemeinschaften und NGOs an ein Regime zum Zugang und gerechten Vorteilsaus- gleich (Access and Benefit Sharing - ABS). Bei den Verhandlungen dafür gehe es um die transparente Erstellung von Regelungen, um einen gerechten Ausgleich der Vorteile zu ge- währleisten, die aus der Nutzung von biologischen und genetischen Ressourcen entstehen sowie aus dem damit verbundenen traditionellen Wissen. Diese Aufgabe sei sehr komplex, da hier verschiedene Bereiche wie Menschenrechte, Biodiversität und Handel aufeinander- treffen. Gewohnheitsrechte der indigenen Völker müssen auch auf nationaler Ebene aner- kannt werden. Die 2007 verabschiedete UN-Erklärung der Rechte indigener Völker wird als wichtiger Schritt für die Anerkennung der Menschenrechte indigener Völker auf Staatenebene angesehen. Auf der COP9 sind Fortschritte in den Verhandlungen und eine intensive Beteili- gung der indigenen Völker notwendig.
I would like to thank the organisers of this Indigenous peoples and local communities meeting, for giving us all this opportunity to want full compliance with human rights and reflect on a number of key issues, in environmental obligations of Parties, also preparation for COP9 of the Convention on when dealing with the trade agenda. Biological Diversity. I have been asked to speak on the topic of Access and Benefit- Some relevant questions to be answered in Sharing (ABS) from the perspective of the negotiation of an international Regime indigenous peoples and local communities, on Access and benefit sharing are as follows: and civil society. What is the appropriate relationship
On one hand the negotiation of an Interna- z between traditional knowledge tional Regime on Access and Benefit Sharing and modern scientific knowledge? is simple and straightforward; it is about: z between cultural heritage and intellectual property rights? z Transparent rule-making z between governments and peoples? z To ensure fair and equitable sharing z between subsistence values and of benefits arising from the use of commercial values? biological/genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, Rule-making around these questions is not including biochemical components happening in a vacuum. Here, the internatio- and derivatives. nal regime on ABS needs to balance rules covering On the other hand, the subject is quite complex, bringing together the dimensions of z the local z the national z Human Rights and Sustainable z and the international level Development z Biodiversity For indigenous peoples and local communi- z Trade ties, we have customary rules and customary law guiding the use and sharing of these These systems are non-commensurate and resources and our knowledge, which have are sometimes conflictive. And the challenge been developed over time. is to ensure that one system – for example, trade - does not gain dominance nor cause We ask that our customary laws are respected the subordination of human rights or and recognised in national law and regulations biodiversity in the course of the negotiations. as the operative rules in our territories and Mutual recognition between these different communities. Customary law must be respected systems is needed, particularly because of in the promulgation of national laws on policies the uneven compliance measures and on access and benefit-sharing, including to sanctions between these different internatio- indigenous peoples’ free, prior and informed nal obligations. consent to activities involving utilization of our resources and traditional knowledge. 15 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
In September 2007, the UN General one component of the international regime on Assembly adopted the UN Declaration on ABS. Use of traditional knowledge associated the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, with a vote with genetic resources, must be included in of 144 in favour, 4 voting no and 11 internationally recognised “Certificates of origin/ abstentions. As such, indigenous peoples see source/legal provenance”, including the name the UN Declaration as a universal standard of the relevant indigenous society, people or to be respected by all countries in compliance community. with their human rights obligations. Looking Forward to COP9 The UN Declaration may be seen as a gift to the CBD negotiations on an internatio- During the Working Group on ABS-5 meeting, nal regime on ABS, because it provides the held in Geneva in January 2008, some necessary international standards on the progress was made towards sketching the human rights of indigenous peoples as Objective, Scope and Components of an Inter- these relate to their genetic resources and national Regime on ABS. Traditional Knowledge associated traditional knowledge. and Associated Genetic Resources is one important element of an international regime, The negotiation of an international ABS regime which must be given the negotiation time has opened up political space for indigenous needed for this complex issue. In the past, peoples and local communities to dialogue the complexity of the issue was used as an with governments about the appropriate na- excuse to put aside its detailed consideration. tional policy, laws and regulations, to respect At COP9 to be held in Bonn, we look forward indigenous peoples’ rights. The national laws to strong leadership under the German may be comprehensive, dealing with all aspects Presidency, to advance the negotiations on of indigenous peoples’ rights or more focused an international regime on access and benefit- on ABS, but countries are obliged and sharing, with the full and effective participation encouraged to adopt the necessary legislation. of indigenous peoples and local communities. A clear timeline with allocated negotiation time Compliance with national laws on access and on Traditional Knowledge and Genetic benefit sharing must also be secured Resources is imperative for the work on ABS internationally in user countries. This will be to move forward.
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION - THE STRATEGY UP TO COP 9 AND COP 10 Summary by Anja Hesse and Günter Mitlacher
The following panellists participated in the round table discussion:
z Fernando Casas: Co-Chair of CBD ABS Working Group z Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento: German Research Foundation, ABS Working Group (DFG) z Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder: Berlin Museum of Natural History z Hugo-Maria Schally: European Commission z Mute Schimpf: MISEREOR z Joji Carino: TEBTEBBA Foundation z François Meienberg: Declaration of Berne z Tim Hodges: Co-Chair of CBD ABS Working Group
The Chair, Dr. Konrad Uebelhör, Coor- 1. Questions to different stakeholders dinator of the “Programme Implementing the clarifying their points of view, Biodiversity Convention” of the German Society 2. Questions and answers from the on Technical Cooperation (Gesellschaft für audience, Technische Zusammenarbeit, gtz), divided the 3. Final round and outlook on achievements panel discussion to ABS into three sequences: at the end of COP9.
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Questions to the panellists: museums are involved in research. Natural history museums and botanical gardens To Fernando Casas: You already partici- have formed networks to facilitate the pated in Rio 1992 and you are sort of a exchange of material and have developed “CBD veteran”. What was the reason that Material Transfer Agreements. How do these developing countries insisted on the 3rd networks incorporate guidance from the objective of the CBD and which hopes or CBD? Is your position regarding ABS similar aspirations did you have at that time? Where to that of the German Research Foundation? do you see us nowadays in relation to the How could the experience you have present stage of the negotiation process? developed in your network perhaps help the ABS negotiation process under the CBD? Fernando Casas referred in detail to the CBD process and the concept of sustainable de- Prof. Reinhold Leinfelder reported about velopment that was discussed at that time. He the need of regulated, but open access to stressed that saving biodiversity is an important biodiversity in order to research opportunities. tool to implement sustainable development. It is getting much more important to tie up the ABS deepened the understanding of a new wide variety of information about species and way of using resources and of sharing the their conditions. In respect to ABS more global benefits between the north and the south. For regulations are needed, working like common 8 years there are ongoing activities on ABS, rules which are accepted by all partners involved and COP 9 should make a great step forward in the research and conservation field. (See also to finalize an international regime. Prof. Leinfelder’s address to the conference)
To Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento: To Hugo Maria Schally: The EU is definitely Scientists all over the world have the feeling a region of user countries. We have huge that access to study objects within the framework research facilities, and we have the industries. of biodiversity research is becoming more Within the negotiation process the EU has held difficult due to the ongoing ABS discussion. a middle position between LMMC (Like Minded They ask for special access rules to facilitate Megadiverse Countries) on one side and non-commercial or basic research. Considering countries like Australia on the other. The EU that all university or research institutions are is also conscious about the aspects of its under the pressure to find alternative sources responsibility with regard to the rights of of income, how do you guarantee that research provider countries, including commitment of will be non-commercial? EU to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People. The EC is pushing the Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento explained idea/concept of minimum standards of access. the work of the German Research Foundation What would you give as their advantages? in the context of the CBD. (That statement is documented separately below) Hugo Maria Schally said that the EU is very supportive to the UN Declaration on the To Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder: Your Rights of Indigenous People. In that respect it museum has a world famous collection and is very important to draw attention to belongs in the ranks of natural history traditional knowledge in the ABS discussion. museums like those in London, Washing- The aim of the EC is not to prevent the use of ton and New York. We know that the biodiversity, but to regulate the access and to heydays of collecting are over when also give the benefit to the indigenous people. German scientific expeditions took tons and Benefit must be for both sides. That’s why there tons of dinosaur bones from Tanzania. should be transparent and understandable Nevertheless, nowadays all modern rules for ABS. Good governance in provider
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countries is important, too. But we also have understood among indigenous people at the to respect national sovereignty. national or sub national level?
To Mute Schimpf: The German Network Joji Carino answered that there would be a of Development Organizations has for- lot of impact of an ABS regime to the local warded a list of key elements for benefit indigenous people which have to be much sharing. This proposal incorporates to a more elaborated. Many potential impacts have great extent the viewpoints of NGOs in to be considered. And in addition it is also developing countries which receive your very important to focus on national laws and support. On the other hand you will agree how an international ABS regime is imple- that ABS could make a contribution to mented by the governments. It is the duty of poverty reduction through creating benefits the governments to help the indigenous people at the local level. What are the central to get involved in the process and to under- conditions and elements for benefit sharing? stand what an ABS regime is about. The ABS Don’t you think that from a development process is very complex and the issue of point of view one would have to give equal traditional knowledge is closely linked to it. importance to providing access as to benefit Indigenous people’s representatives have to sharing? get more involved in the process to understand how to act on the national or regional level. Mute Schimpf pointed out that the local actors in the developing countries need a To Francois Meienberg: Your NGO, an in- fair chance to benefit from the use of their dependent development policy organization is resources and their knowledge. There must fighting for a globalization with a human face. be legally binding rules how to take part in It also proposed “Voluntary Guidelines for negotiations on the use of genetic resources. Biodiversity Research”. Switzerland is represen- If someone from a user country wants access tative for the important user countries considering to genetic resources the ABS regime must the presence of big pharmaceutical and food be considered from the very beginning. To industries with considerable influence in the get access there has to be an agreement Government. Which of the NGO and indige- between the potential user and the provider. nous demands we just heard about in your This is necessary and very urgent to achieve. experience will encounter considerable resistance Some examples were promoted like the case from the industry and for what reason? What of the San People in South Africa. There was are the intentions of the private sector in no benefit sharing from the user side so far, influencing the on-going ABS negotiations? although they are using the resources and the traditional knowledge for a long time. Francois Meienberg pointed out that mainly the political will is missing. ABS provisions To Joji Carino: You are representing here are already in the CBD text, but it lacks political TEBTEBBA, an organization from the Philipp- will to implement these provisions in national ines which has the objective to promote a legislation. One of the main problems is that better understanding of the world’s standards for access are not in place. Why indigenous peoples, their worldviews, their should the provider give their information if issues and concerns. In this effort, it strives standards for access are missing? Therefore to bring indigenous peoples together to take it is crucial to set up standards. (That statement the lead in policy, advocacy and campaigns is documented separately below) on all issues affecting them. At the same time you are active in the International To Tim Hodges: Many remember you as the Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity (IIFB). Do head of the Canadian delegation in CBD you agree with this list of key elements for negotiations. How does it feel to be on the other benefit sharing that were presented? Or are side? Now you are supposed to help in the ABS there aspects in the whole discussion on ABS process that might culminate in an internatio- which from the perspective of indigenous nal regime or even a protocol. As Canadian organizations has not yet been elaborated delegate you almost blocked the Cartagena very well? Additional aspect: None of the protocol in the final round of negotiations. Can UN-languages is an indigenous language. you tell us how you have managed this transition Is the concept of ABS and related issues with of representing a country to facilitating a process regard to traditional knowledge already well where you have to subordinate your own
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opinion under that one which is the best for a Another question was raised on the political well balanced progress? What in your opinion will in the CBD and on the role of the are the ingredients for successful ABS indigenous peoples right. Joji Carino negotiations that you can provide as chairman? stated that the indigenous people don’t know enough about their rights and the process Tim Hodges highlighted that the challenge within the CBD. of the negotiations is that governments and stakeholder groups keep on being interested Final statements of the panellists: in the regime negotiations. A clear process is needed to achieve a good result. He Dr. Konrad Uebelhör asked a final affirms that it is a very difficult task to take question to the panellists: traditional and human rights within the negotiations into account. The US plays a Your common objective is to implement an special role, because it is the greatest user international regime by 2010, and still lots country, but does not sit at the table to of discussions are needed. Can you describe negotiate the regime. The great challenge is in few but precise words how you see your to find a global solution with all countries, commitment? which is strongly needed. There is a great and powerful commitment of the co-chairs Tim Hodges would emphasize that the to achieve a good result. responsible minister of each country should talk to their indigenous people in prepa- Questions and Statements ration of the negotiations. from the auditorium: Francois Meienberg highlighted that there One person asked about the expected is still a lot of work to do and it is important outcome of the Geneva process. Fernando to say that more political will is needed at Casas pointed out that the outcome of the COP 9. Geneva working group meeting in January 2008 was of general substance. In the Joji Carino stated that the voices of the meeting the “skeleton” of a regime was indigenous peoples are coming a bit too late fixed. To achieve a good result stakeholders in the ongoing process and that they have and NGOs have to be more active. to be invited to forthcoming negotiations.
A participant alluded that a regime of Mute Schimpf pointed out that there is a traditional knowledge is missing. Joji certain lack in politics concerning ABS in Carino confirmed the allusion and quoted various countries. This refers mainly to dif- that therefore the indigenous people have ferent cultural perspectives. to become more active in the negotiations. Hugo Maria Schally stressed that for the Another attendant asked if the availability of EU the work on an ABS regime has to be access to information on all species is negative completed now. or positive. Hugo Maria Schally highlighted that the misappropriate use of the data is a Prof. Reinhold Leinfelder said that it is problem. But is has to be clear, how a very important to get the ABS regime to misappropriate use is defined. And indeed there prevent biopiracy, and Monica Ribadeneira is a big grey scale regarding commercial use Sarmiento underlined the importance of or non-commercial use of genetic resources. additional basic research.
One point was raised on the Global Fernando Casas emphasized that in his Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) and the fact that personal view all groups involved in ABS most of the species data were collected in matters have to work closely together to the US who is not a party of the convention. reach the goals: reasonable access and Tim Hodges pointed out that it is important compliance provisions. The convention was to get the US on board of the CBD, but this very difficult right from the start. On one would be a long term goal. The GTI would hand that might be a risk, but on the other be a good tool to know where the genetic hand this is the great advantage of the resources occur and who they belong to. CBD.
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REPORT ABOUT THE WORK OF DFG ON ABS Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento, German Research Foundation (DFG), Working Group ABS
Monica Ribadeneira Sarmiento von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gibt einen Einblick in die Arbeit der DFG und wie Forschungsprojekte, besonders im Bereich ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing), durchgeführt werden. Die DFG fördert Projekte mit ABS- Bezug in den Bereichen Taxonomie und Ökologie. Jedes der internationalen Projekte hat im Gastland einen Kooperationspartner. Häufig sei allerdings festzustellen, dass die Wissen- schaftler in den Gastländern nicht über die CBD-Bestimmungen ihres Landes informiert sind. Die DFG schlägt vor, generell erst direkt die jeweiligen nationalen Focal Points zu kontaktieren. Das Wissen über ABS sei in der Wissenschaftsgemeinde generell gering; hier sieht die DFG ihre Aufgabe in der Informationsvermittlung. Dazu wurde 2002 die„Arbeitsgruppe zu Biodiversitätsforschung, Zugang zu genetischen Ressourcen und Vor- teilsausgleich“ mit dem Ziel gegründet, die Forschungsprojekte besser an die CBD-Bestim- mungen anzupassen.
Thanks for the invitation to attend this round of them are related to ABS issues. These table and share with you some ideas about projects are mainly related to Taxonomy and the approach from the “scientific sector” to Ecology areas, which are important in terms ABS issues. of conservation, one of the purposes of CBD. DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – German Research Foundation) supports DFG works through collaborative relation- basic research projects in general, some of ships. Only scientists working in German them are CBD-relevant projects, and, some research institutions can apply for DFG
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projects, which could place in Germany but Therefore, DFG is doing some activities also in others countries around the world. related to ABS in order to spread information The counterparts in the host country are and help the scientists to be “in agreement” cooperation partners. Some of these projects with CBD and ABS: are taking place in developing countries with high biodiversity. Scientists normally have 1. establishing in 2002 a “Committee on long-standing cooperation with their Biodiversity Research, Access to Genetic counterparts, because these are Resources and Benefit-sharing” in order relationships based on trust and mutual to help scientists to conduct their basic interests. research projects successfully under CBD.
International collaboration is supported It is an open working group formed by according to the principle of mutual scientists from natural sciences (mainly from responsibility between the national and in- the area of taxonomy and ecological ternational partners; within this spirit, the research) as well as legal and humanities, partner in the country of origin is the key German federal agencies in biodiversity socio for the scientific project but in DFG issues (specially CBD and FAO Treaty) and experience, even those counterparts are not specialized agencies in development always totally informed about the CBD cooperation, research and educational regulations in their own countries. That is development cooperation. why DFG strongly suggests to contact the national focal points in order to avoid future One of the tasks the DFG ABS Working problems but also in order to know and Group has achieved is defining Guide- follow the national legal framework. lines for DFG projects with CBD-context. Because this Guidelines will be part of Project funds provided by DFG may cover the contracts between DFG and the all expenses necessary to conduct the project research, through this Guidelines DFG in a foreign country, including support of can stress the importance of acting in the cooperation partner in the host country accordance with CBD principles. if the host is not able to provide own resources. 2. monitoring the CBD and FAO Treaty processes in order to be prepared for The international discussion on CBD, up-coming requests or measures, and mainly ABS, and its implementation at the also in order to know the level of national level in the states are on-going development of the international and processes, which are not well understood also national on-going processes. and spread within the scientific community. As I already pointed out scientists normally 3. helping scientists in preparing and con- are not familiar with these issues, but DFG ducting their individual basic research has the commitment to follow the legal and projects. institutional framework and to support scientists in following CBD processes. Because DFG supports basic research, the aim is to publish the results in international The people involved in ABS issues from the evaluated journals, which means free access scientific sector are interested in an Interna- to all results for everybody. tional Regime with clear and easily manageable rules about access to genetic DFG fulfills CBD because our projects resources, which takes into account the improve science in the host country through purposes of basic research. Procedures in education of students, supervision of thesis the host country should be as quick as in the host country, joint publications in in- possible, not exceeding 4 month; otherwise ternational journals, and better equipment the research projects will run into difficulties of the laboratories in the host country, and concerning grants and personnel. other capacity building strategies.
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POSITION PAPER OF THE BERNE DECLARATION ON ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING (ABS) François Meienberg, Declaration of Berne
Die Erklärung von Bern (EvB) ist eine unabhängige NGO mit dem Schwerpunkt Entwicklungs- politik, die sich seit 1999 bei den Verhandlungen der Biodiversitäts-Konvention (CBD) für eine gerechte Aufteilung des Nutzens genetischer Ressourcen einsetzt. Kritisiert werden Firmen, Universitäten oder Staaten, welche die Regeln der Konvention nicht einhalten und Biopiraterie betreiben oder unterstützen. ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) als Teil der CBD müsse dringend umgesetzt werden, wobei die Schuld auch bei den passiven Nutzerländern liege, die sich wei- gern, die CBD und die freiwilligen Bonner Richtlinien umzusetzen. Die EvB fordert deshalb ein rechtlich verbindliches Regime ein. Die Patentgesetze der Industrieländer müssten an die Bestim- mungen der Biodiversitätskonvention angepasst werden. Dazu hat die EvB einen Kriterien- katalog erstellt, der korrektes Verhalten bei der Nutzung von genetischen Ressourcen definiert.
The Berne Declaration (Erklärung von Bern, z complying with all national laws and the EvB) is an independent non-governmental Convention on Biodiversity organisation with a focus on development policy with most of its revenue coming from z organising access (including Prior Infor- its members. Integrated into a number of med Consent (PIC), Mutually Agreed Terms global networks of organisations working (MAT), and benefit-sharing) through the on human rights, environmental and use of National Focal Points (or, if they development issues, EvB has been at the have not yet been defined, relying on forefront of the critical debate on globali- other governmental organisations) sation and has championed a fair and humanitarian globalisation since 1968. z obtaining free PIC of the local indigenous population, even where this is not stipulated Next to covering several other issues, the by the state. In the case of access, negoti- Berne Declaration has been involved in the ating MAT and benefit-sharing with the local talks on the Convention on Biological indigenous population Diversity (CBD) since 1999. Advocating a fair distribution of use, the EvB severely z fair and equitable benefit-sharing (which criticised businesses, universities or nations has nothing to do with market prices) which break the rules of the Convention and z accepting the possibility of a government’s engage in or support bio-piracy. or indigenous population’s “no” during the debate on access The EvB holds that the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) part of the CBD is in dire need Correct corporate behaviour is not limited to of implementation. Responsible are, among talks on a company’s own access to genetic other issues, passive user nations which to this resources, but also to lobbying activities during day refuse to enforce the CBD and the Bonn the drawing-up of a framework for access and principles, and to use legally binding measures benefit-sharing regulations, both on a natio- in the North to put a stop to bio-piracy. Hence, nal level or during international negotiations the Berne Declaration is convinced that a novel for a new international ABS regime. Companies – legally binding – regime has become which fight binding international provisions and necessary. The industrial nations’ patent binding regulations in user countries are legislations have to be adapted so that they complicit should the issue of bio-piracy remain comply with the provisions of the CBD. The EvB unsolved. Companies which adhere to the is committed to this objective on a national ABS regulations should be interested in the level, but also supports the developing countries’ complete elimination – also on a legal level demands in the context of the TRIPS agreement – of the use of illegally acquired genetic and talks on a new ABS regime. resources.
Special demands have to be made on pri- Further information can be found on vate enterprise and other users of genetic www.evb.ch (look for Convention on Biodi- resources as they have to act in a legal versity, Bio-Piracy and WIPO (access via environment which is often only vaguely Campaigns, Globalization, International defined. Correct behaviour means: Organizations)).
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TOPIC: PROTECTED AREAS, FORESTS AND FINANCING
IMPLEMENTING THE CBD PROGRAMME OF WORK ON FORESTS AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS INCLUDING FINANCING. REPORT ON THE STATUS OF NEGOTIATIONS Jochen Flasbarth, Director General Nature Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Jochen Flasbarth vom Bundesumweltministerium erläutert den Stand der Umsetzung des CBD-Arbeitsprogramms über Schutzgebiete und dessen Finanzierung. Noch seien zu große Lücken im Schutzgebietsnetz vorhanden und oft fehle es an der Finanzierung. Das europä- ische Konzept mit NATURA 2000 könne allerdings aufgrund der hohen Rechtsbindung nicht Vorbild für alle Staaten sein. Deutschland werde auf der COP 9 die „Life Web Initiative“ starten. Staaten sollen Schutzgebiete freiwillig vorschlagen, für die eine Finanzierung erfor- derlich sei. Man verspreche sich einen Schub bei der Realisierung des CBD-Programms. Die Einrichtung von Meeresschutzgebieten auf Hoher See sei ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der COP 9. Dafür müsse der erarbeitete Kriterienkatalog beschlossen werden.
Referring to the tradition of protected areas Areas are high seas areas beyond the 200 in Europe, Jochen Flasbarth asserted that nautical-mile limit. The System of Global also in Europe protected areas are mostly Marine Protected Areas shall be finished by utilized and didn’t look upon this always 2012. To make significant progress the COP favourably. Thinking internationally, a 9 should pass a list of criteria, that has been sustainable use of protected areas is essen- developed by an expert group during the tial if they have to be used at all. Concerning past years. the implementation of the CBD Programme of Work on Protected Areas, Europe is the driving force of progress. But the global network of protected areas is still insufficient because legally binding regulations are not included in the politics of the most countries. Furthermore, the German and European System of Protected Areas which is based on the concept of NATURA 2000 and the EU directives can hardly be conferred on other countries and implemented globally.
How can we bridge the gaps in the system of protected areas and improve the financing? Jochen Flasbarth suggested that more incentives should be provided and that efforts should be made more often on a voluntary basis. In the course of the COP, Germany wants to launch a new initiative. The so called “Life Web Initiative – a global Initiative on Protected Areas” shall be completely voluntary. Therefore, there are no guidelines or criteria for the choice of protected areas. If the designation of protected areas is bound too much to criteria, this could lead to resistance instead of acceptance by CBD parties.
A second important component for the implementation of the System of Protected
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STATEMENT FROM THE NGO PERSPECTIVE Martin Kaiser, Greenpeace, Political Coordinator Biodiversity and Climate
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ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION - THE STRATEGY UP TO COP9 AND COP10 Summary by Anja Hesse and Günter Mitlacher
The following panellists participated in the round table discussion: z Hugo-Maria Schally: European Commission z Andras Krolopp: IUCN Countdown 2010 Initiative z Dr. Andrei Laletin: Global Forest Coalition Russia z Sascha Müller-Kraenner: The Nature Conservancy (TNC) European Representative z Ashish Kothari: Kalpavriksh (India) and IUCN TILCEPA z Dr. Hans-Joachim Mader: Naturschutzbund Deutschland z Christoph Heinrich: WWF Germany z Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz: German Development Ministry (BMZ) z Jochen Flasbarth: German Environmental Ministry (BMU)
Chair: Dr. Horst Korn, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN)
Questions to the panellists: and work as a promoter. NGOs should organise the different stakeholders in To Hugo-Maria Schally: Is NATURA 2000 protected areas and build capacity. the contribution of the member states of the European Community to the global To Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz: What is protected area system under the CBD? What the contribution of the Federal Ministry for has to be done in the future? Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) to the worldwide protected area Hugo-Maria Schally pointed out that NA- system? Can the level of engagement be TURA 2000 is a tool within the EU. It’s indeed increased? What is needed and what could a tool in the industrialized countries. First, be done? Europe has to look at its own areas, especially at the forests. The concept of NA- Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz said that in TURA 2000 cannot not be copied one-by- the discussion today no development policy one into other regions in the world. has been mentioned, but it is a fact that Additionally financing a protected area development banks play an important role system is crucial and always a hot topic. in this context. Demographic increase will make it very complicated to establish new The process of implementing a Marine Pro- protected areas. But financing is the key tected Areas system is too slow at the word, because an expansion of areas is moment. For achieving the 2012 target the only possible with additional and long-term full support of the EU is needed. Criteria financing. From 2006 to 2008 Germany have to be developed and a mechanism did a reduplication in subsidies for how to implement them. biodiversity. But in the first run states should raise funds whenever possible by them- To Sascha Müller-Kraenner: What are selves. the contributions of big NGOs like TNC to the protected area system worldwide and To Andras Krolopp: How is the imple- the financing? What role should NGOs play mentation of the protected areas system in future? supported by IUCN?
Sascha Müller-Kraenner stressed that the Andras Krolopp stated that it is important implementation of the protected area system to know what happens in the protected is primarily a responsibility of governments, areas and what influences come from the but NGOs have to work together with the outside like e.g. climate change. There are governments. The main problems are the two goals, firstly to try to enable habitats to lack of political will and the lack of capacity. cope with climate change and secondly to NGOs should put pressure on governments try to put the efforts together.
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To Hans-Joachim Mader: What about the importance of marine areas for biodiversity?
Hans-Joachim Mader pointed out that a protected area system in the marine areas is urgently needed, because it is a great unknown terrain and the rate of biodiversity loss is high. Governments therefore have to speed up the process. Criteria should be decided at COP 9. Is it important to protect large scale areas, where industrial fishing and mining should not be accepted.
To Christoph Heinrich: How is WWF en- gaged in the protected areas system and what are perspectives for new financial resources?
Christoph Heinrich stated that for Within the Countdown 2010 campaign as reaching an effective protected area system an awareness tool not only governments are there are great challenges and that we are involved, but also the private sector gets behind schedule. WWF’s concept of the Glo- more and more interested. It’s important that bal 200 is a guideline for action. About 11% the public has to be informed to participate of the terrestrial world is protected, but some too. protected areas are still “paper parks” and they have to be changed into effective parks To Dr. Andrei Laletin: How is situation of for conservation to achieve the 2010 target. Russian protected areas in the boreal Especially in the South like in Africa, states forests? What does Russia contribute to a are willing to sign more protected areas, protected area system worldwide? because these areas are particular important for biodiversity conservation. But support with Dr. Andrei Laletin reported from Russia that financing is necessary and crucial. To push there are 101 areas which are strongly protected, the discussion WWF has published a com- called “Zapovedniks”. Some of them are world pendium on different financial mechanisms heritage sites, but problems occur as the for resource mobilization. government wants to use them. Mining companies want to search for oil and gas there. Questions from the auditorium: As an example: Winter Olympic Games will take place in Russia in 2014 at the Caucasus The questions and statements from the area. This needs much infrastructure, which auditorium span a broad range of issues. will endanger the protected areas in that The first topic was the World Bank’s work. It region. (See detailed report about protected was criticized because some of its projects are areas in Russia below) suspected to destroy rain forest. The BMZ responded that the World Bank is still a bank To Ashish Kothari: Participation of indigenous and hence should not be treated unjustly, people in protected areas – what are the because many things have already been problems and demands? changed in the World Bank’s project work. The sustainable lifestyle was mentioned as Ashish Kothari highlighted that there are an important goal. The accretion of world two major shifts in conservation: firstly many population increases the need for resources protected areas are local areas from indige- and food. The lifestyle in the industrialized nous people and their rights should be countries has to be changed into a sustainable recognized and respected in the whole process one, because the western states should give of protected areas. Secondly governments, a good example. conservation NGOs and indigenous people have to work together more closely to increase The last issue was about payment for envi- the number of protected areas in the next years. ronmental services. The consumers of these
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services are currently the industrial countries. Additionally Jochen Flasbarth made Unfortunately no concrete implementation comments to the amount of money that can be found so far. should be mobilized for the protected area system: It might not be clever in terms of Final statements of the panellists: marketing to demand 2 Billion EURO. It might hinder CBD parties to participate in Jochen Flasbarth responded to Martin an initiative, if the amount is too high. A Kaiser’s presentation and position on new approach for mobilizing more resources protected areas. It’s very important to is needed. And because problems often lie overcome all the obstacles, because that is in the structure of governments we should the right track to go. Germany has now its make the new approach very flexible and own National Strategy for Biodiversity which voluntary. has to be implemented in the next years. But it’s also clear that this is not only the As there is no competition between climate government’s duty, so all stakeholders are change and biodiversity instruments, both relevant to collaborate and to get involved. have to be used to get more co-benefits. The crucial question is Who is responsible NGOs should focus on these issues as for achieving the goals? well.
SYSTEM OF PROTECTED AREAS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Dr. Andrei Laletin, Global Forest Coalition, Russia
Dr. Andrei Laletin von der Global Forest Coalition Russland, erläutert das Schutzgebiets- system der russischen Föderation. Eine wichtige Bedeutung komme dabei den Sapowedniks zu, der häufigsten Form der russischen Schutzgebiete. Insgesamt gibt es 101 Sapowedniks mit einer Fläche von insgesamt 330.000 km², die die Hauptvegetationszonen Russlands abdecken. Obwohl menschlicher Einfluss auf diesen Gebieten nur zu wissenschaftlichen Zwecken erlaubt sei, wurden in der Vergangenheit wirtschaftliche Nutzungen, z.B. als Zucht- gebiet für Pelztiere gelegentlich erlaubt. Von internationaler Bedeutung sei das umfangreiche und langfristig erhobene Datenmaterial, das es ermögliche, Rückschlüsse auf den mensch- lichen Einfluss auf das terrestrische Ökosystem zu ziehen. Ein weiterer russischer Schutzgebiets- typ sei der Nationalpark, in dem, im Gegensatz zu den Sapowedniks, auch regelmäßige touristische und wirtschaftliche Nutzung gestattet seien und der in verschiedene Schutzzonen unterteilt sei.
Zapovedniks (Russian: , from History the Russian , „sacred, prohibited from disturbance, reserved“) or scientific nature There are other types of protected areas in reserves, are the main form of protected Russia, such as national parks, zakaz- areas in Russia which are kept „forever wild“. niks (managed resource area), nature The term was used in the former Soviet Uni- monuments (often individual trees, geolo- on and still is in the Russian Federation as gical exposures, or other small areas), etc. well as in some of the other 14 former Soviet Some zapovedniks are recognized as republics. Human use is generally limited biosphere reserves. to scientific research. In Russia there are 101 zapovedniks covering about 330,000 km², The first zapovedniks were set up in the step- or about 1.4% of the country’s total area. pe region of the Russian Empire in the They include different habitat types from 1890s. Some at least were equipped with isolated patches of steppe to large tracts of research stations. Soil scientist DOKUCHAEV Siberia and the Arctic, and range in size was the guiding spirit behind these early from Galich’ya Gora at 2.31 km² to Great zapovedniks. The applied-science motivation Arctic State Nature Reserve at 41,692 km². for setting up zapovedniks was continued in The Russian Ministry of Natural Resources the first state-organized zapovednik. Barguzin oversees 99 of the zapovedniks. Nature Reserve was established by the tsarist
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Map of zapovedniks in Russia Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Zapsmap.jpg - Geoff Harper
government in 1916 on the eastern shore over many zapovedniks, especially if in a of Lake Baikal. Its purpose was to protect transitional zone or covering a range of and study a population of sable - a valuable altitudes, will contain examples of several species, which was declining due to hunting vegetation types. for its fur. Lenin’s nationalization of the land after 1917 created a legally favourable Management and Uses environment for the Soviet zapovednik system, since problems with securing large areas of Although the principle of zapovednost’ land for this purpose from private owners stipulates no economic use, in practice immediately disappeared. The legal recogni- zapovedniks have often been required to tion of zapovedniks was put on a firm basis contribute to the national economy. Voronezh by a measure ‚On the Protection of Nature Zapovednik, for instance, bred European Monuments, Gardens and Parks‘, signed beavers for reintroduction to other areas in into law by Lenin in 1921. support of the fur industry. Several zapovedniks have also been regarded as a Protected Environment breeding ground for other commercially valuable fur-bearing animals, such as sable It is not easy to summarize the coverage of and desman, allowing them to spread into ecosystems protected by zapovedniks, but a neighboring unprotected areas to support rough idea can be gained by counting the commercial trapping. number of reserves in the main natural vegetation zones. On the map these are, Non-intervention management is difficult to from north to south: practise in steppe zapovedniks, which are often far too small to support a self-sustaining z Arctic desert (treeless; no continuous ecosystem including wild herbivores (such as vegetation cover) and tundra (treeless; saiga) that may have been migratory. Resort small shrubs, sedges, mosses) is sometimes made to various mowing z taiga (coniferous boreal forest with regimes, which however cannot satisfactorily admixture of birch and other deciduous replace natural processes insofar as it does trees) not recycle nutrients and organic matter z deciduous forest (discontinuous zone through the herbivore and carnivore food dominated by oak and other deciduous chain, and cannot replicate trampling effects. species) An important activity in all zapovedniks is z steppe (treeless, dominated by forbs in regular monitoring of seasonal events the north and grasses in the south). (phenology). This is now standardized in a programme of observations known as the This is a highly simplistic classification: each Chronicle of Nature. Instructions for major zone is divided into subzones, and conducting the Chronicle of Nature are there are transitional vegetation types. More- periodically updated.
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International significance increase our understanding of anthropo- of the zapovednik system genic pressures on all the natural ecosystems of the world. The anthropogenic impact on the environ- ment – due to pollution, climate change National Parks and ultimately human population growth – is generating increasingly serious problems, The oldest parks in the Russian Federation the solution of which will depend on a bett- are Sochinsky and Losiny Ostrov (1983); er understanding of the biosphere than we Samarskaya Luka (1984); Marii Chodra already have. To provide conditions in which (1985); Bashkiria, Prielbrusye, Pribaykalsky such an understanding can be developed, and Zabaykalsky (1986). it is essential to preserve as far as possible intact examples of natural ecosystems, and According to the law on the protected areas the zapovedniks are the only large system of of Russia, national parks are areas of land protected areas created primarily for this and water devoted to nature protection, purpose. ecological education, and scientific research. They contain sites of particular ecological, Regular long-term monitoring of natural historical and aesthetic value. Regulated phenomena in zapovedniks has also tourism is permitted. provided a baseline set of data which is now valuable for assessing how anthro- The area of each park is divided into zones pogenic pressure, primarily through climate according to various functions. There should change, is affecting natural ecosystems. be a strictly protected area managed as a Since the latter perform essential functions zapovednik, and also recreational and such as carbon sequestration and nutrient buffer zones in which economic activity is cycling, it is obviously important to know allowed, such as tourism, traditional land how these ecosystem services are being use, and benign forms of agriculture and affected by anthropogenic pressure. There forestry. The national parks are currently the is an argument for establishing a well funded responsibility of the Ministry of Natural global network of zapovedniks in order to Resources of Russia.
Map of national parks in Russia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Russian NationalParksmap.jpg/ - rusnatpress
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TOPIC: BIOENERGY AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
BIOENERGY AND BIODIVERSITY – CONFLICT AND CHALLENGE – ACTUAL STATUS OF FACTS AND DISCUSSIONS Uwe Fritsche - Coordinator Energy and Climate, Öko-Institut Darmstadt
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IMPACTS OF BIOENERGY DEMAND ON BIODIVERSITY, AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES – REPORT FROM INDONESIA Rudy Lumuru - Sawit Watch, Indonesia
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REQUIREMENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION – THE GERMAN AND EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION Dr. Kilian Delbrück - Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
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LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY: WHAT CONSEQUENCES HAVE TO BE DRAWN UP IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CBD Gabriele Obermayr, Member of the SBSTTA Bureau for Western European Countries
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ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION – THE IMPACT OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION ON FORESTS, AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES – CONSEQUENCES FOR THE CBD Summary by Anja Hesse and Günter Mitlacher
The following panellists participated in the round table discussion:
z Teresa Anderson: The GAIA Foundation, UK z Kathrin Ammermann: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) z Martin Kaiser: Greenpeace z Rudy Lumuru: Sawit Watch, Indonesia z Uwe Fritsche: Öko-Institut Darmstadt z Gabriele Obermayr: Member of SBSTTA Bureau for Western European Countries z Dr. Kilian Delbrück (excused): Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
Chair: Jürgen Maier, Executive Director of German NGO Forum on Environment and Development
Questions to the panellists: So far sustainable criteria which are going to To Teresa Anderson: How is GAIA be developed in the EU don’t include social Foundation involved in Africa and what are criteria. The large amount of biofuel needed to your experiences with biofuel production achieve the EUs 10 % goal cannot be produced there? What should CBD do about it? only in the EU but in Africa and other world regions. It is important to call for a moratorium Teresa Anderson told about the situation to gain some time because the process in Africa in Africa and how she is worried about the runs very fast. Furthermore, biofuel is a rather tendency, that more and more areas are used counterproductive answer to climate change. for biofuel crops. Fuel crops replace food crops and subsequently the food prices rise. To Kathrin Ammermann: What are the It is easy for companies to find new areas impacts of bioenergy and biofuel production for biofuels in Africa. For example in Gha- on nature in Germany? Are there any concrete na, a chief has given away 31.000 hectare scientific results? Is an environmentally sound of his land to a Norwegian company with a production possible? contract signed with a thumb print. Kathrin Ammermann stated that there is an increasing part of crop land which is used for growing biomass for energetic use. In 2007 17% of agricultural land was used for biomass cropping (2.000.000 hectare) in Germany and indeed the area for biodiesel and vegetable oil production is expanding. As there is a trend towards concentration on a few specific crops which leads to an intensification of agricultural land use as a consequence.
There will also be more competition between agricultural land and protected areas. The changing harvest periods also entail problems for species, e.g. agrarian birds will lose habitats. All in all, continuing with production of biomass as we do it today will cause a lot of problems.
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The positive effects of biomass production To Uwe Fritsche: Is a moratorium on have to be used and negative impacts have financial support for biofuel production to be avoided. We need sustainable good or bad? What should industrialised standards for bioenergy and have to countries do to protect rainforests against establish new agricultural systems with more biofuel production? biodiversity. Uwe Fritsche pointed out that the pressure To Martin Kaiser: We need other energy on the market is a consequence of the energy scenarios to mitigate climate change and insecurity. This is the driving force for the biofuels are part of it. How can biodiversity biofuel expansion because the oil price is conservation and reducing emissions fit still rising. Therefore, the pressure to produce together for Greenpeace? biofuels will contiue. If we don’t interfere we will have a problem with energy insecurity. Martin Kaiser pointed out that climate But on the other hand food pricings are rising change is the biggest challenge we are and a growing demand for food and feed facing. The increase of renewable energy will be the consequence. In addition the rise resources is necessary and bioenergy is part in oil prices will increase the demand for more of it, but there are more efficient ways to coal. This will increase the pressure on the use it like for heat and electricity. Arctic for more oil and the oil companies will enter remote areas. The upcoming COP has to play a leading roal in the debate on agrofuels as it should There are important conditions from a be called. There are also big social implica- political point of view to intervene into the tions of agrofuels around the world. The development of biofuels production: CBD has to take a strong stand as a leading convention in this field. a) these kinds of market conditions must take into regard the impacts on social It is important to cancel the obligation to fulfill aspects, climate and biodiversity, the 10 % quotes: Politicians don’t dare to b) other land uses must be controlled. change them, but we have to fight against them because of the massive forest There are two possible answers to the recent destruction. It must be more attractive to keep developments: the forests and give incentives for that purpose. z to slow global trade and take out the To Rudi Lumuru: What are the consequences drivers, then local resources will be less for local communities and is the economic under pressure. impact positive or negative? What are the pros z to continue with globalization of energy or cons for palmoil production and rainforest supply with biomass as a part of it, then destruction in Indonesia? massive interventions will be needed.
Rudi Lumuru argued that mainly the North/South governments, business and smallholders should benefit. But what they customers should conditionalise the way get is less than what they give. They sacrifice of trade and from a political point of view their forests and land and are exploited. there is no alternative to the biofuel Indonesia should safe their rainforests and debate. produce oil/gas. There is also a gap of living standards within Indonesia. People in the To Gabriele Obermayr: So far, there are South have to struggle for their rights to use controversial statements. What should be the forest and must defend their property. achieved at COP 9?
The climate change issue has been manipulated Gabriele Obermayr answered that there and has become the new “product” in the is the pressure from the industry. There is a market. So due to the social problems there is necessity to decide on this issue, as things a big gap between the discussion in the north are changing quite fast. and the problems in the south, because many users in the south don’t have access to urgently The role of the CBD must be to give guide- needed products like oil or kerosene. lines for this development in ways of criteria,
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standards and certification models for a Final Comments from the panelists: sustainable production of biomass. Martin Kaiser stated that COP9 has to play The personal view was that a moratorium a crucial role in the whole debate on would not work, because the development agrofuels. To secure financing for the of the biofuel production can’t be stopped. conservation and sustainable use of forests It is important that criteria also include is crucial. A clear signal from the rich ecological and social aspects. governments to provide money is urgently needed. We have to get rid of the subsidies There are real changes in the debate within for agrofuels in the EU and certification at the CBD: At the beginning a big excitement the present stage is counterproductive. We was shown, now the problems for biodiversity need a moratorium for the application of were accepted, too. So CBD has to adopt biomass in the tanks of cars. the issue and discuss it in the future more intensively. Kathrin Ammermann countered that we have to use the chance to develop Questions from the auditorium: sustainability standards and certification systems for biofuels and demonstrate positi- In the open discussion with the auditorium ve examples. different topics on agrofuel production and its effects were debated. The call for an But the problem is how to implement a artificial market for agrofuel was questioned. standard in a country, said Rudi Lumuru. How can such a market work without The budget on Indonesia for incentives is producing negative impacts especially for very small and incentives from the developed developing countries? The operability of this countries are not enough. It’s not clear how instrument was highly doubted. to close this gap.
Another question was how the conversion Teresa Anderson doubted about the good from intact primary forest into areas for implementation of FSC standards on a biomass production could be stopped. This worldwide scale, what would be problematic is a huge problem because it proceeds quite if not impossible. A certification for agrofuels fast and is irreversible. will produce the same problems. Therefore a moratorium is an opportunity to pause and Sovereignty in nutrition was stressed as an exam how the impact is going on. Even the important goal. Smallholders are dependent UK government was thinking about it. from the industry, which is seen very problematic. In addition to certifications bilateral arrange- ments are another possibility, said Uwe The issue of financing came up with the Fritsche. If standards exist they would only comment on how people can be paid if they serve as an orientation, nothing more. We do not use their land for producing agrofuel. have to implement the private sector as well. Up to now there is no compensation for this purpose. Finally Gabriele Obermayr pointed out that biofuel is a complex issue because of The last proposal was to broaden the scale the broad range of stakeholders. The CBD for land use standards. There should be has to play a role, because we need quick standards not only for agrofuel but for results. Therefore the CBD has to take biomass in general. responsibility for developing standards and criteria. Cooperation with the climate change issue is also important.
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CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK
MAKING COP 9 A SUCCESS – THE OUTLOOK OF THE CBD SECRETARIAT Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, CBD
Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Generalsekretär des Übereinkommens über die biologische Vielfalt (CBD), gibt eine Übersicht über die Ziele und Entwicklungen der CBD und insbesondere über die Verhandlungen und Beschlüsse der letzten Jahre. Er betont die besondere Rolle Deutsch- lands als Vorreiter in vielen Belangen des Umweltschutzes und Gastgeber der COP9 und setzt sich für eine stärkere Verbreitung des Begriffs der Biodiversität in der Öffentlichkeit ein. Die COP9 findet an einem wichtigen Wendepunkt des Übereinkommens statt, da bis zum Errei- chen der 2010-Biodiversitäts-Ziele nur noch 2 Jahre liegen. Umso wichtiger seien neue Wege und Aktionen bei der Umsetzung. Deutschland als Gastgeber fallen dabei besondere Aufgaben zu. Hervorgehoben werden die progressive nationale Biodiversitätsstrategie Deutschlands und die Potsdam Initiative der G 8+5-Staaten 2007. Bis 2010 müssen die Verhandlungen zu einem internationalen Regime zum Zugang und gerechten Vorteilsausgleich (ABS) beendet sein und bei den Verhandlungen in Bonn sollen dafür wichtige Schritte und Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Die Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit und das Engagement der NGOs seien besonders wichtig und deshalb leiste das internationale Dialogforum der NGOs in Berlin hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag.
Excellency Sigmar Gabriel global threats to future development and Ladies and Gentlemen that there is an urgent need to step up efforts to protect life on Earth. The loss of biological In the early nineteenth century, the German resources has serious consequences for the composer, Felix Mendelssohn observed that billions of people around the world who “the essence of beautiful is unity in variety”. depend on nature for their well-being. While Mendelssohn was more likely speaking about orchestral music rather than biological We are facing a tremendous challenge, diversity, his remark captures one of the most compounded by climate change. The Fourth fundamental and vital, yet vulnerable, aspects IPCC Assessment Report, released last year, of the natural world: the interconnectedness predicts that, as a result of climate change, of its different species and ecosystems makes up to 30 per cent of all known species are it unique, special, and irreplaceable. likely to be at increased risk of extinction before the end of this century. Life on Earth is without doubt irreplaceable. However, this web of life is under threat. It is for this reason that 110 Heads of State According to the Millennium Ecosystem and Government at the 2002 Johannesburg Assessment, pressure from human activities World Summit on Sustainable Development, on the natural functioning of the planet has committed their countries to significantly reached such an extent that the ability of reducing the rate of biological diversity loss ecosystems to meet the needs of future by 2010 (“the 2010 biodiversity target”). One generations is now seriously – perhaps year before, at the Gothenburg Summit, the irreversibly – jeopardized. Heads of State and Government of the European Union had committed themselves Human impacts on the natural functions of to halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010. our planet have never been as destructive as they have been over the last half-century. The With less than two years to go before the 2010 result has been an unparalleled loss of biodiversity target deadline, the road ahead biodiversity. It is estimated that humans have is truly daunting and poses a great challenge increased species-extinction rates by as much for the global community. Indeed, the as 1,000 times the typical historical background Convention on Biological Diversity finds itself rates – as inferred from fossil records. at a crossroads. The ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, The fourth edition of the Global Environ- to be held in Bonn in May 2008, will take ment Outlook (GEO-4), issued last year by place at a time of unprecedented environmen- the United Nations Environment Program- tal challenges, as well as exceptional public me (UNEP), serves as another important and political awareness of the importance of reminder that biodiversity decline and loss taking action to protect our environment. The of ecosystem services continue to be major meeting will be a pivotal moment in the history 49 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
of the Convention. As Johann Wolfgang von of Germany, comprising 5,000 sites, are Goethe once said, “Fresh activity is the only covered by the European Natura 2000. means of overcoming adversity”. For an exceptional meeting, the Convention has Germany has been a leader in environmen- found an exceptional host and an exceptional tal initiatives throughout the years. As an leader promoting exceptional fresh activities. forthcoming host of the ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties, this leadership role Germany’s leadership, as the host country of has been unique and unprecedented. Ger- the forthcoming meeting of the Conference of many has been leading by example. In the Parties, is crucial to the success of the December 2006, Germany convened an in- Conference – one that will have the pressing ternational biodiversity expert group to task of considering the ways and means of brainstorm and shape the agenda of the achieving the 2010 biodiversity target. Conference of the Parties. This was the first Germany’s leadership in, and commitment to time that such a consultative process has been biodiversity issues and the three objectives of used for the preparation of any COP. In this the Convention was re-emphasized in same period, Germany also took the initiative December 2007 with the adoption of its Natio- of establishing the “Triple Presidency of the nal Biodiversity Strategy. The German strategy European Union”, with Portugal and Slovenia. is a shining example of what a national The three countries committed themselves, biodiversity strategy should entail and the together with the European Commission, to development process it requires. The strategy cooperate closely during the 18-month period contains a concrete vision, action areas, flagship covering their respective terms as EU President projects and concrete measures on innovation to ensure consistency in the preparation of the and employment, as well as activities to combat ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties poverty and promote justice. It also acts on the in order to make it an important milestone in implications to Germany of the Millennium the global biodiversity agenda. This has never Ecosystem Assessment. Moreover, the strategy happened before for any multilateral environ- will be further elaborated through input from mental conference. A precedent has thus been seven thematic regional forums involving the established which will guide the preparation of country’s 16 Länder, to be held in Hanover, future meetings of the Conference of the Parties. Munich, Lübbenau, Essen, Schwerin, Stuttgart and Frankfurt. Such all-encompassing efforts In March 2007, Germany convened a meeting have never been seen before. of the Ministers of the Environment of the G-8 as well as Brazil, China, India, Mexico and The roots of these initiatives are deeply South Africa. Known as the “G-8+5 initiati- embedded in Germany identity’s, culture ve”, this is a major and unique development and heritage. A representative survey of the in the Convention process and reflects population on environmental awareness in unprecedented political will to respond to the Germany commissioned by the Ministry of urgent need to save life on Earth through the the Environment found that 90 per cent of establishment of an enhanced North-South respondents consider it very or quite partnership. This so-called “Potsdam Initiative important to prevent species extinction and – Biological Diversity 2010” was acknowledged to ensure nature conservation. About 290 by the G8 Heiligendamm Summit. Also at this million people visit nature parks, national Summit, held in June 2007, and for the first parks and biosphere reserves in Germany time in the history of the G-8, Heads of State each year. Forty-two per cent of Germans and Government made the commitment to who take holidays in their own country rate increase their efforts for the protection and time spent outdoors in nature as particularly sustainable use of biological diversity to achieve important. According to the survey, nature their agreed goal of significantly reducing the and landscape help to strengthen regional rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. This has never identity and shape a sense of home. It is happened before and a precedent has been therefore not surprising that the 48,000 established that will be difficult for future chairs animal species and approximately 14,400 of G-8 to ignore, at least until 2010. fungi species and 9,500 plant species found in Germany are protected by 97 nature We cannot protect what we do not know, and parks, 14 national parks and 14 biosphere we cannot protect what we do not value. It is reserves. 13, 5 % of the total land area of for this reason that Germany suggested, as the country and 41 % of the marine areas part of the Potsdam Initiative, the idea of a 50 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
Stern like report for biodiversity. The intention sity”. With the support of the “Nature Alliance”, is to undertake a “process of analysing the a group of prominent individuals from politics, global economic benefit of biological non-governmental organizations, business, the biodiversity, the costs of the loss of biodiversity media, the scientific community and culture, and the failure to take protective measures this innovative campaign aims to promote public versus the cost of effective conservation”. This awareness of the value and benefits of biological “Review on the Economics of Biodiversity diversity and of the upcoming meeting. Loss” will be conducted in two phases. The expected outputs of the first phase, to be This is the spirit and the letter of “Nature presented at the Bonn Biodiversity Summit Alliance”, which is guiding the preparation and will include: a review of relevant scientific and organization of the ninth meeting of the economic knowledge highlighting key issues; Conference of the Parties. Last November in case-studies providing indications of the Lisbon, as part of the European Union initiati- range of costs and benefits associated with ve “Building Better Partnerships: linking Busi- the loss of biodiversity and the decline of ness to Biodiversity” and under the auspices of ecosystem services; and elements for Portugal on behalf of the “Triple EU Presidency”, development of a methodological approach. a conference on Business and Biodiversity was convened. The “Message from Lisbon on Busi- As Chancellor Angela Merkel stated in the ness and Biodiversity” adopted by the 500 Bundestag in March, “ecology and economy participants, including 162 representatives of are compatible and strategies can be the business community will be transmitted to developed which facilitate both economic the High level Segment of the Bonn Biodiversity growth and the creation of jobs while Summit. As part of this initiative, the German ensuring that natural resources are used Leadership Initiative was launched with the sustainable”. The “Review on the Economics support of more than twenty major German of Biodiversity Loss” will provide some of the companies. This, too, has never happened insights necessary to help countries achieve before. this environmentally sustainable growth. As the cities will determine the fate of the It is a simple truth that the three objectives of remaining biodiversity of our planet, there the Convention will be achieved only when is a strong view that the battle for life on the value of biodiversity, including its non- Earth will be won or lost in the cities. With monetary components and the ecosystem this in mind, the Lady Mayor of Bonn, Ms services generated, is well understood by the Bärbel Dieckmann will convene a Mayors’ public at large and fully integrated into Conference on Local Action for Biodiversity, decision making at all scales and in all with the participation of 80 mayors. The economic and social sectors. This requires resultant Bonn Call for Local Action for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem-services Biodiversity will be submitted to the High considerations into land-use policy and level Segment of the Conference of the Par- planning, into agricultural, forestry, fishery, ties. This level of input from cities and tourism policies, and into trade and develop- recognition of their role in the fight against ment cooperation policies. It requires a biodiversity loss also has never happened paradigm shift – the environment is no longer before. For the first time in the history, the a “soft” issue, but has to be at the top of the High-level Segment will include a component global political and economic agenda. As with the participation of the Federal Chancellor Achim Steiner, a German national and Mrs. Angela Merkel and other heads of State Executive Director of the United Nations En- and Government. This has never happened vironment Programme, highlighted last No- before. The organization of the High-level Seg- vember at the launch of the Fourth IPCC ment is also unique: it has been organized to Assessment Report, “We need a new ethic in facilitate active engagement of all stakeholders which every person changes lifestyle, attitude, and encourage them to make firm and behaviour.” This is what COP9 will be commitments. about. Another project will be the Life Web Initiative for On the occasion of the International Day for a global campaign on protected area, to be Biodiversity, on 22 May 2007, Sigmar Gabri- launched at the initiative of Germany and its el, the German Federal Environment Minister, partners at COP9. Because protected areas are launched a “National Campaign for Biodiver- considered “Safety-Nets for Life on Earth”, this 51 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
first-ever initiative aims to match voluntary diversity, appreciate its great value and be commitments by States to designated new aware of the contribution that we will all have protected areas with the matching commitment to make […] the issue of biological diversity of donors to dedicated financing for these that will be discussed has led to activities on areas. all local levels, whose effects will begin to show before and during the conference and may COP9 will take place with two years before reach far beyond this event.” the 2010 deadline to finalize the negotiation of an international regime on access and I wish to add, that the biodiversity initiati- benefit-sharing, as decided at the Conference ves taken now will undoubtedly reach far of the Parties in Curitiba. Accordingly, the beyond the ninth meeting of the Conference Bonn Biodiversity Summit will be a major step of the Parties. I congratulate Mayor towards finalizing the negotiation on the Dieckmann on this initiative, and I international regime, which will be crucial for challenge everyone here today to ensure operationalizing the third objective of the that by the ninth meeting of the Conference Convention, namely, the fair and equitable of the Parties his/her constituents also sharing of the benefits arising from the use achieve this basic understanding and of genetic resources. Conservation of recognize their role in biodiversity loss and biological resources goes hand in hand with conservation as well. If this can be achieved, its sustainable use as well as the fair an then the Conference of the Parties will receive equitable sharing of its benefits. Based on the press coverage necessary not only for your discussions here in Berlin, I am very the final push to reach the 2010 biodiversity happy to note that civil society is fully target but also the mandate and impetus committed to ensuring the success of this needed to be effective and successful long strategic objective. after 2010. As Mayor Dieckmann noted “if nobody feels responsible in person, there Indeed, the involvement and active engage- will be no perceivable change”. ment of German civil society in the preparation of the Bonn Biodiversity Sum- Thus, I strongly believe that the Bonn Biodiversity mit is unprecedented. Your meeting here Summit in May 2008 is not just another meeting today in Berlin “100 Days to the UN but the beginning of a new chapter in the life of Biodiversity Conference” is an additional the Convention on Biological Diversity and new testimony to such a commitment. This, too, era of doing business differently when it comes has never happened before. to the relationship between man and nature. In offering to host the ninth meeting of the In preparation for COP9, I would like to Convention, Germany has decided not only to ask one important favour from each of you offer the necessary conference facilities but to to ensure that the Biodiversity Summit in May lead by example and to provide leadership to is a success: help make biological diversity the world. a household name on everyone’s lips. It seems to me that too few people know what As stated by Mayor Dieckmann in her Gincana biological diversity entails, let alone its vital 4 article, “Bonn is much more than a importance to our well-being and that of conference site – Bonn forms part of an the planet. If the Convention on Biological interactive hub, which, as is typical for a flexi- Diversity is to be successful and achieve its ble network, gains impetus through the close goals, both short- and long-term, this lack exchange and triggers a great number of of public awareness must change. activities and programmes – beyond existing structures, organisations, and hierarchies.” It is with great enthusiasm and appreciation that I note that the City of Bonn has already My presence today with you is meant to convey undertaken this task here. In the Convention’s to the German people and to German Gincana 4 newsletter, Lady Mayor Bärbel authorities as well as the Bonn city authorities, Dieckmann writes that: “With its campaign my sincere appreciation for your leadership. on biological diversity, the city of Bonn is My special thanks are addressed to Minister striving for a great goal: by May 2008 as Sigmar Gabriel and his team for their many citizens as possible should have outstanding efforts to ensure that the Bonn become familiar with the term biological Biodiversity Summit, in May 2008, will be the
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birthplace of a universal and global “Nature As so rightly stated by the German writer Alliance” for the implementation of the three Jean Paul Richter, “Berlin ist mehr ein Weltteil objectives of the Convention with the full and als eine Stadt” (“Berlin is more a part of the active engagement of all stakeholders. In world than just a city”). During the last three doing so, I hope that the participants in the days, by hosting this first ever international Conference of the Parties will be guided by forum of civil society with the goal of the words of Michael Succow, the German preparing for the Conference of the Parties, conservationist: “Our task is to consider and Berlin and its people have made yet another plan for a sustainable management of all contribution to bringing people together for land and sea so that they carry as much as the protection of life on Earth. Thanks to possible of the world’s genetic and ecological Berlin, thanks to Germany, and thanks to riches through the pressures of the next century the people of Germany and its civil society. into what we must all hope will be a stable and sustainable world beyond.” I thank you for your kind attention.
MAKING COP9 A SUCCESS – THE ROLE OF THE EU PRESIDENCY UNTIL MAY 2008 Mitja Bricelj, State Secretary, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Slovenia
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100 DAYS TO THE BIODIVERSITY SUMMIT IN BONN 2008 – KEY MESSAGES TO THE COP9 – KEY MESSAGES TO THE COP9 Joji Carino, TEBTEBBA Foundation
Joji Carino von der Tebtebba Stiftung äußert sich zu den drei Themen ABS (Access and Benefit-Sharing), Biodiversität und Klimawandel sowie ihren Erwartungen an die COP9. Tebtebba fordert die Anerkennung der Rechte indigener Völker und lokaler Gemeinschaften im Regime zum Zugang und gerechten Vorteilsausgleich (ABS-Regime). In den ABS-Verhand- lungen sollte dem Thema traditionelles Wissen indigener Völker ausreichend Beachtung geschenkt werden. Fördergelder sollten vor allem für den Kapazitätsaufbau bei indigenen und lokalen Gruppen in Form von nationalen und regionalen Workshops genutzt werden. Parteien und regionale Gruppen sollten stärker auf Belange und Vorschläge der indigenen Völker eingehen. Auch bestimmte Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz hätten voraussichtlich ne- gative Auswirkungen auf indigene Völker und dies müsse auf der COP9 angesprochen werden. Deutschland als Gastgeber der COP9 solle den indigenen Völkern eine umfassen- de und effektive Teilnahme an der Konferenz ermöglichen.
There are 3 substantial issues to be recognized: beit - gtz) Project on ABS Capacity- building for Africa (which includes A. Access and Benefit-Sharing indigenous peoples and local communi- ties) is also a good example of capacity- 1. Human rights of indigenous peoples and building. local communities are universal values which must be respected in the Interna- 4. Parties and regional groups need to tional Regime on Access and Benefit- proactively take steps to meet with sharing. representatives of indigenous peoples and local communities to hear input 2. Traditional Knowledge is a cross-cutting about their proposals on ABS, before the issue in the ABS negotiations and must finalisation of regional positions. E.g. – be given appropriate consideration in the European Union should organise a the inter-sessional period. meeting with indigenous and local communities during the intersessional The International Indigenous Forum on period. Biodiversity (IIFB) asks that COP9 decides to: Request the Executive Secretary to B. Biodiversity and Climate Change organize an International Expert Meeting on Traditional Knowledge and Genetic 5. COP 9 needs to address the negative Resources to provide technical input to impacts on ecosystems and on indigenous intersessional meetings of WGABS and and local communities of various climate WG8j-6 leading up to COP10. The report adaptation and mitigation measures of the meeting should be made available as including those of Agrofuel expansion an official document of these meetings. and projects on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation 3. Donors including the Federal Ministry (REDD). Impacts of these measures on for Economic Cooperation and Develop- various CBD Programmes of Work such ment (Bundesministerium für wirtschaft- as Agricultural Biodiversity, Forest liche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung Biodiversity and Protected Areas need to – BMZ) should support capacity-building be monitored by SBSTTA, for recommen- for indigenous and local communities dations on appropriate actions. to hold national and regional work- shops on ABS, and on CBD implemen- C. COP Process tation. Capacity-building projects for indigenous peoples are best managed 6. Germany must use the facilities and by indigenous organisations and experts functions of the COP Chair to enable themselves. the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities German Technical Cooperation (Ge- and to give them a strong voice during sellschaft für technische Zusammenar- the COP9. This was done to great effect
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by the Brazilian presidency. The following including press conferences, etc. measures should be taken: z Participation in the High-Level Segment. z Welcoming brief opening and closing z Open communications with IIFB (as statements by Indigenous Peoples and “friends of the bureau”) to keep abreast Local Communities and NGOs. They of requests from ILCs on the conduct of should also be given speaking time on the meeting. This is a practice in WG8j all Agenda Items prioritised by them. which has worked to great effect. z Support for public awareness activities –
KEY MESSAGES TO THE COP9 Ashish Kothari, Kalpavriksh, India/IUCN
Ashish Kothari von der Kalpavriksh Organisation fordert nicht nur mehr finanzielle Mittel, die nötig seien für den Schutz der Biodiversität, sondern auch eine Verhaltensänderung von der Politik und von uns allen. Die CBD sei in der Gefahr, dass nur einzelne Themen wie Wälder, Schutzgebiete, ABS, etc. behandelt werden und dabei die Konvention als Ganzes aus den Augen verloren gehe. Die gesteigerte Zusammenarbeit mit der Privatwirtschaft wird ebenfalls kritisch gesehen. Nur wenn es eine Änderung im Verhalten der Wirtschaft gebe und sie sich stärker an Vorgaben zum Schutz der Biodiversität halte, sei dies sinnvoll. Die CBD sei eine sehr offene Konvention, die eine gute Beteiligung der indigenen Völker und NGOs bei den Ver- handlungen ermögliche und dies solle auch auf der COP9 erfolgen.
Money and financing integrate all of these and look again at the I feel a sense of discomfort about what we convention as a whole? We should not have heard in the last days and weeks in contradict each other, which can happen if we discussions on money and finances. Yes, look at things in compartments. funding is needed. Developing countries need the funds from the so called developed Solutions out of the box countries to carry out the responsibilities that Of course we need to secure the protected have been put on to them under the CBD areas that we have and go beyond having and other conventions. But what we them as paper parks. But we also have to shouldn’t forget is ethics! This is the secret. look out of the box. Look at a much larger To save life on earth, this is more important scale and mosaic of protected and conserved than money. There is fundamental change areas. Think of indigenous territories, in behaviour needed amongst all of us, and fisherfolk managed areas, mobile peoples’ there are policy changes needed. territories, community conserved areas, and so on - recognising and supporting these Benefit sharing, intellectual property could double the worldwide coverage of rights, protection of traditional knowledge protected areas! People like us and many indigenous peoples and local communities don’t agree Private Sector Partnerships fundamentally to the notion of patents on I am very scared of this. More and more life forms. There is something fundamentally organisations, including IUCN, are entering wrong in privatising, monopolising and into partnerships with the private sector, claiming money on life forms. without necessarily seeing any significant fun- damental changes in the way the private The CBD “as a whole” sector behaves. We cannot ignore the priva- Biodiversity is one system on our planet. The te sector, and dialogue is important, maybe CBD is in the danger of being compartmenta- even some forms of partnerships. But there lised into sectors like forests, protected areas, has to be a change in behaviour! I see no ABS etc. Please remember that there is only changes in the mining sector, oil sector or in one convention. We have to figure out, and any of the other big industrial sectors in my COP 9 is a good place to do it, how can we region. We have to bind corporations to the
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commitments that they claim to be making, otherwise we will be guilty of greenwashing them.
Process of CBD I want to stress the issues about indigenous people and community participation in the CBD processes, what also applies to the rest of the civil society. The CBD has been one of the most open international forums amongst various different treaties. I do appreciate that and hope that this continues. Especially the high ministerial segment in Bonn should be wide open to civil society participation as well.
KEY MESSAGES TO THE COP9 Michael Frein, German NGO Forum Environment and Development
Michael Frein, Mitglied im Leitungskreis des Forums Umwelt und Entwicklung, betonte, dass man auch Regelungen jenseits des Geltungsbereichs der CBD einbeziehen müsse. Die Men- schenrechte, insbesondere die Rechte der Menschen, die in Schutzgebieten leben, seien nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Zukünftig müsse auf die UN-Erklärung über die Rechte indigener Völker zurückgegriffen werden. Eine weitere Herausforderung sie der Konflikt zwischen Handelsvorschriften und der CBD. Im Bereich ABS (Access and Benefit-Sharing) kollidiere dies mit dem Recht der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO). Ziel müsse es sein, die WTO- Bestimmungen an die CBD anzupassen. Betont wird abschließend die große Bedeutung des politischen Willens für die Umsetzung der CBD. Dieser Wille müsse auf der COP9 stärker zum Ausdruck kommen.
The last two days have shown that issues of lumbered wood. It is not clear if this target biological diversity and the question how to and the policy instruments extracted from achieve the targets of the convention cannot it are consistent with WTO regulations. only be discussed in the context of the This may be a reason why the instruments convention. We cannot meet the require- are not applied. Concerning the issue of ments if we remain within the limited scope biopiracy, there is a conflict between the of the convention. The following aspects and TRIPS agreement of the WTO and the problems illustrate that: conception of the CBD concerning an ABS regime. But the conclusion must be that a. Issues of Human Rights: Primarily, this the WTO regulations have to adapt to concerns the rights of the people living the CBD regulation. Otherwise we lack in protected areas. effective instruments to implement the targets of the Convention on Biological b. The question how to deal with indigenous Diversity. peoples: The discussion about the convention must be based on the UN d. The implementation of the CBD is not Declaration on the Rights of the only a technical question. It is a question Indigenous Peoples. of political goodwill. Because also the WTO can be changed. c. Issues of the Convention on Biological Diversity and ABS often collide with trade These are the challenges for the imple- regulations and WTO Law. The saving of mentation of the CBD targets. My wish is forests for example includes the target to that the political goodwill for such changes stop the international selling of illegally can be felt at the COP 9 in Bonn.
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RECEPTION AT NABU HEADQUARTERS
OPENING ADDRESS Olaf Tschimpke, President of NABU, German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union, German Partner of BirdLife International
Olaf Tschimpke, Präsident des Naturschutzbundes Deutschland (NABU) begrüßt die Gäste auf dem Empfang in der neuen NABU-Bundesgeschäftsstelle in Berlin. Die CBD sei das wichtigste Rahmenwerk im internationalen Recht, das die Biodiversität in all seinen Aspekten schütze: Tier- und Pflanzenarten, ihre Gene und ihren Lebensraum. Doch in der Realität seien viele der gesteckten Ziele noch nicht erreicht. Deutschland und andere EU-Staaten haben ihre nationa- len Berichte veröffentlicht, die den Stand der Umsetzung der EU-FFH-Richtlinie zeigen. Die deutschen Ergebnisse seien erschreckend: so seien beispielsweise bei Dreiviertel der Habitattypen von europäischer Bedeutung ein nachteiliger Schutzstatus gegeben. Auch bei Tier- und Pflanzenarten sei das Ergebnis nicht besser. Auf der COP9 solle die Einführung eines Netzwerkes von Schutzgebieten vorangetrieben werden, Natura 2000 könne dabei als Vor- bild genutzt werden. Deutschland hat 2007 seine nationale Strategie verabschiedet. Die Um- setzung dieses ehrgeizigen Werkes liege vor allem in der Verantwortung der Länder, die ihre bislang bremsende Haltung aufgeben müssen.
Dear ladies and gentlemen, Hundreds of resolutions and recommendations dear colleagues! have been adopted at the previous 8 COPs. Additional documents, produced by SBSTTA I am very happy to welcome you here at our and working groups, have been amended as new headquarters in Berlin, which were well. But if we stop to perform a “reality check”, officially opened in October 2007! we have to confess that we are still far from reaching the goals we have set! I hope you have enjoyed the talks and discussions on this first day of our interna- According to the IUCN’s Red Data books, tional dialogue forum at the famous Berlin many species are still at risk of extinction. Museum of Natural History. Scientists estimate a daily loss of 150 species. Most of those species are lost before we have As most of you already know, issues related been able to discover their potentials for the to nature conservation and biodiversity have welfare of mankind - for our health or been a major focus of NABU’s activities for economic development. over 100 years. In the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in Rio Recently, Germany and other member states in 1992, we have the most important of the European Union published what are framework in international law with which known as their “article 17”-reports. In those to protect biodiversity in all its aspects: animal national reports, each country summarizes the and plant species, their genes and their progress it has made with implementation of habitats. The convention also ensures the the Habitats Directive. That directive came into sustainable use of biodiversity, and access force in 1992, and it is the major instrument and benefit sharing when using natural for use in fulfilling the obligations of the CBD resources. and reaching the 2010 targets. In the case of Germany – for example – the report reveals In theory, a great deal of progress has been some alarming results. There are 91 habitat made with respect to these three sustaining types found in Germany that are of European pillars of the CBD. But I have the feeling that importance. The conservation status of three in reality we are still far from achieving those quarters (69) of them is currently unfavourable. ambitious aims! That includes all types of moorland and wet meadow habitats. With respect to endangered At the Gothenburg Summit in 2001, the species, two-thirds of them (147 of the 230 Member States of the European Union endangered species found in Germany) do committed themselves to halt the further loss not have a favourable conservation status of biodiversity by 2010. The World Summit (FCS). Those include species that were once in Johannesburg 2002 also agreed to very common, such as salmon, several species reduce biodiversity loss significantly by 2010. of butterfly and the wildcat.
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Therefore, the main topics of CBD COP9 biodiversity. By the way: it was in 1992 – no are very important to us all. And I hope less than 16 years ago – in Rio that all parties that we are able to make progress there: to the Convention agreed to develop and implement National Biodiversity Strategies z COP9 should successfully complete the and Action Plans (NBSAPs, Art. 6 of the CBD). establishment, already agreed upon at Some countries adopted their NBSAPs as early COP7, of a network of protected sites, as the mid-1990s. On the European scale, it including protected forest areas and was in 1998 that the European Commission protected sites on the high seas, and and the member states agreed on their of the financial tools and incentives to strategy. In Germany it took three attempts finance protected areas and their before work on the strategy was finally management. The European Commission launched, in 2003. And it was not until No- and the member states should present vember 2007 that the Federal Government NATURA 2000, the network of protected adopted its national strategy. areas created under the Birds and Habitats Directives, to the world, as a We are very pleased that the NGOs were leading model for the creation of a able to participate in this process through a coherent network of protected sites well-advanced consultation process, featuring clear, scientifically-based especially in 2005. The strategy adopted is criteria for defining the shared responsi- a very ambitious one. It identifies 28 bilities of regions and states. biodiversity-related thematic fields, and agrees on tangible “visions” to be achieved; z Driven by the discussions on climate visions underpinned by more than 330 change, biofuels – or perhaps it would specific targets and 430 measures. be better to say agrofuels – have become more and more of an issue of signifi- For example: the strategy calls for the cance. COP9 should adopt a robust establishment of undisturbed wilderness certification system to ensure the sustaina- areas on 2 percent of the land surface of bility of production, transport and con- Germany by 2020, and encompassing 5 sumption of agrofuels at the internatio- percent of natural forests by 2020. The status nal, the European and the national level. of each of the species listed in the national Red Data books should be improved by one z The third pillar of CBD, access and degree, and conditions should ensure that benefit sharing (ABS), must be enforced. the populations of all species for which COP9 should improve the mandate for Germany has a special regional introducing regulations for ABS and responsibility have stabilized. ensure that the negotiations regarding a new regime have been concluded by But nevertheless; so far this is only a 2010 (at COP10 in Japan). commitment made on paper. It still has to be implemented at the federal and especially z Last but not least, COP9 represents THE at the regional level in the German Länder. great chance to highlight the need for the conservation of biological diversity Unfortunately, there have been some political and natural resources in the media and attempts by the Länder to weaken the Birds for the broader public. In recent years and Habitats Directives and the species and months, these critical issues seem protection regime. Specifically, these involve to have been eclipsed by the more the strict protection regime for certain rare pervasive debate on climate change. We species under the EU Habitats Directive, as therefore welcome the major con- well as the restrictions on economic uses in tributions by the German Government, some protected areas. e.g. the “Nature Alliance” (Natur- allianz), and the Government’s support Therefore, we have asked the Länder to stop for our joint NGO project, which has these discussions, as it is absolutely unaccept- organised this conference! able that a rich and wealthy country like Germany – particularly as it is only a few Another major task facing Germany is the months away from hosting the COP9 of the implementation of our national strategy on CBD – should attempt to water down the
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nature conservation provisions. Such an action would disgrace Germany at both the international and European level.
And I know that most Germans and Europeans are on our side: a recent public opinion poll by the European Commission (Eurobarometer, January 18th, 2008) made it clear that 93 percent of Europeans are aware of environmental problems! Nearly 100 percent are calling for better protection of our natural environment! Two-thirds report that they already personally support biodiversity protection! And one-third reported that they would like to do more!
So again: I extend a warm welcome to you at NABU headquarters! And please: Let us join forces to make COP9 really successful!
ADDRESS FROM THE NEXT COP HOST COUNTRY JAPAN Teppei Dohke, Secretary of Japan Committee for IUCN, The Nature Conservation Society of Japan
Teppei Dohke, Geschäftsführer des japanischen Komitees der IUCN, betonte die große Be- deutung dieser Vorbereitungskonferenz, da Japan das Gastgeberland der kommenden COP10 im Jahr 2010 sein wird und die Erfahrungen der deutschen NGOs für seine Vorbereitungen nutzen kann. Bis zur COP10 müssten vor allem bei ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) Fort- schritte erzielt werden und ein globales Netzwerk für terrestrische Schutzgebiete mit Hilfe nachhaltiger Finanzierungsmechanismen eingerichtet werden. Außerdem müssten weitere Ziele für die Zeit nach 2010 gesetzt werden.
Thanks to everyone and thank you Günter IUCN Japan is beginning to prepare for Mitlacher for letting me have the opportunity COP10. We have just started to organize to speak here. My name is Teppei Dohke, seminars on CBD and to establish a network Secretary of the Japanese Committee for in Japan. The 100 days to COP9 Forum was IUCN. As you all know, Japan will be the a very impressive and extremely relevant event host country for the CBD COP10 to be held to our situation. in 2010 and as you all know as well COP 10 will be a historic meeting. Japanese NGOs need the expertise, experience and help of the German NGO We should make good progress on ABS, network in order to make COP10 a success. achieve a global network for terrestrial Please keep in touch and let’s all work protected areas with sustainable financial together to make COP9 and COP10 a great mechanisms, set more ambitious and success! powerful targets for the time beyond 2010 at COP 10. Thank you very much again for inviting us to this event.
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PROGRAMME
FEB 7, 2008 (TNC, Europe), Ashish Kothari (Kalpavriksh, India/ IUCN), Dr. Hans-Joachim Mader (NABU-BirdLife 09.00 h Check In Germany), Christoph Heinrich (WWF Germany), Dr. Manfred Konukiewitz (German Development Ministry) 09.50 h Opening Chair: Dr. Horst Korn, German Federal Agency for Günter Mitlacher, NGO Focal Point CBD COP 9 Nature Conservation 09.55 h Greetings 18.00 h End of first day Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder, Director of Berlin Museum of Natural History 19.00 h Reception at NABU Head Office Welcome by: Olaf Tschimpke, President, NABU 10.00 h Greetings of Convenors and The Role of (BirdLife Germany) NGOs for the CBD and for COP 9 in Germany Prof. Dr. Manfred Niekisch, Vice President, German League for Nature Conservation FEB 8, 2008 10.30 h Preparations for COP 9 of the CBD in Germany 09.00 h Opening Matthias Machnig, Secretary of State Federal Günter Mitlacher, NGO Focal Point for CBD COP 9 Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 09.05 h Bioenergy and Biodiversity – Conflict and Challenge – Actual Status of Facts and 11.00 h Expectations of NGO Perspective for COP 9 Discussions in Bonn Uwe Fritsche, Coordinator Energy & Climate Michael Frein, Board Member of German NGO Öko-Institut Darmstadt Forum on Environment and Development 09.45 h Impacts of Bioenergy Demand on 11.30 h Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): How must Biodiversity, Agricultural Diversity and Local a legally binding regime on Access and Communities – Report from Indonesia Benefit Sharing by 2010 look like and what Rudy Lumuru, Sawit Watch, Indonesia are the key elements? Report on the ABS negotiation status after ABSWG-6 10.15 h Requirements of Sustainability for Fernando Casas and Tim Hodges – Co-Chairs of Bioenergy Production – the German and CBD ABSWG/ Joji Carino, TEBTEBBA European Contribution Dr. Kilian Delbrück, Federal Ministry for the Environ- 12.00 h Lunch Break ment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 14.00 h Round Table discussion: The Strategy up to 10.45 h Break COP 9 and COP 10 with Fernando Casas, Tim Hodges (Co-Chairs of CBD 11.30 h Liquid Biofuel Production and Biodiversity: ABSWG), Joji Carino (TEBTEBBA), Monika Ribadeneira What Consequences have to be drawn up in Sarmiento (German Research Association, ABS WG), the framework of the CBD? Hugo-Maria Schally (European Commission), Prof.Dr. Gabriele Obermayr, Member of the SBSTTA Bureau Reinhold Leinfelder (Berlin Museum of Natural for Western European Countries History), Mute Schimpf (Misereor), François Meienberg (Berne Declaration), Prof. Gurdial Singh Nijar Round Table Discussion: The impacts of (University of Malaya, to be confirmed) liquid biofuel production on forests, agricul- Chair: Dr. Konrad Uebelhör, Programme Implement- tural diversity, indigenous people and local ing the Biodiversity Convention, German Technical communities – consequences for the CBD. Cooperation (gtz) with Gabriele Obermayr (SBSTTA Bureau), Teresa Anderson (The GAIA Foundation), Kathrin 15.30 h Break Ammermann (Fed Agency NC), Uwe Fritsche (Öko- 16.00 h Implementing the CBD Working Programme Institut Darmstadt), Rudy Lumuru (Sawit Watch, Indonesia), Martin Kaiser (Greenpeace), Dr. Kilian on Forests and Protected Areas incl. Finan- Delbrück (German Federal Environmental Ministry) cing: How must a global network of terres- Chair: Jürgen Maier, Executive Director German trial protected areas by 2010 and marine NGO Forum on Environment and Development protected areas by 2012 get into force and how can it be financed? Report on the 13.00 h Making COP 9 a Success – the outlook of the status of negotiations CBD Secretariat Jochen Flasbarth, Director General Nature Conserva- Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, CBD tion and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and 13.30 h Making COP 9 a Success – Nuclear Safety in the name of the EU Role and Tasks of EU Presidency until May 2008 Statement from NGO Perspective Dr. Janez Podobnik, Minister for the Environment and Martin Kaiser, Greenpeace, Political Coordinator Spatial Planning, Slowenia as EU Presidency (to be Biodiversity and Climate confirmed) Round Table discussion: The Strategy up to 14.00 h „100 Days to the Biodiversity Summit in COP 9 and COP 10 Bonn 2008“ – Key Messages to the COP 9 with Hugo-Maria Schally (European Commision), Joji Carino (TEBTEBBA Foundation), Ashish Kothari Jochen Flasbarth (German Federal Environmental (Kalpavriksh India/ IUCN), Michael Frein (German Ministry), Yokoo Watanabe (GEF), András Krolopp NGO Forum on Environment and Development) (IUCN Countdown 2010), Dr. Andrei Laletin (Global Forest Coalition, Russia), Sascha Mueller-Kraenner 14.30 h End of second day
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
SPEAKER Lumuru, Rudy Bail, Christoph Sawit Watch Consultant
Ammermann, Kathrin Machnig, Matthias Bandt, Olaf Head of the department Renewable Energy, State Secretary, Federal Ministry for the Bereichsleiter Fachpolitik BUND e.V. Mining and Mineral Extraction, Federal Agency Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Bartels, Tim for Nature Conservation (BfN) Umweltbriefe Mader, Dr. Hans-Joachim Anderson, Teresa Bender, Svane The GAIA Foundation Member of the Executive Board, German Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) NABU, Referentin Internationaler Artenschutz Bricelj, Mitja Maier, Jürgen Benking, Heiner State Secretary , Ministry of the Environment IHTEC.org (ECOSOC) and Spatial Planning, Republic of Slovenia Executive Director, German NGO Forum on Environment and Development Berghöfer, Augustin Carino, Joji Meienberg, François Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - TEBTEBBA -Indigenous Peoples’ International UFZ, Bereich Sozialwissenschaften Centre for Policy Research and Education Campaign Manager, The Berne Declaration / Erklärung von Bern Bloch, Ralf Casas, Fernando Fachhochschule Eberswalde Co-Chair, ABS Working Group, Convention on Mitlacher, Günter Biological Diversity (CBD) NGO Focal Point CBD COP9, German NGO Böhme, Simone Forum on Environment and Development Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt, Referat Delbrück, Dr. Kilian Umweltpreis und Umweltinformationsvermittlung Head of Division N II 5 Environmental Aspects Müller-Kraenner, Sascha of Agriculture and Forestry, Federal Ministry for Senior Policy Adviser and European Boutros, Minnattallah Representative, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) the Environment, Nature Conservation and Koordinationsstelle BIOTA West, Lehrstuhl f. Nuclear Safety (BMU) Niekisch, Prof. Dr. Manfred Tierökologie & Tropenbiologie, Zoologie III, Biozentrum Djoghlaf, Ahmed Vice president, German League for Nature Executive Secretary of the Convention on and Environment (DNR) Brinkmöller, Monika Biological Diversity (CBD) Obermayr, Gabriele Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung Flasbarth, Jochen Bureau member, Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Brückmann, Tomas Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA). Director General, Nature Conservation and Parlamentarischer Berater Bündnis90/Die Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Sustainable Use of Natural Resources, Federal Grünen Fraktion im Sächsischen Landtag Ministry for the Environment, Nature Environment and Water Management, Austria Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Ribadeneira Sarmiento, Monica Brüggemann, Petra SPD-Bundestagsfraktion, AG Umwelt Frein, Michael Programme Officer, Working Group ABS, Board Member of German NGO Forum German Research Foundation (DFG) Buchs, Ann Kathrin Environment and Development/ Church Schally, Hugo-Maria Georg-August Universität Göttingen Development Service (EED) Head of Unit , International Affairs, Trade and Buntzel, Rudolf Fritsche, Uwe Environment, European Commission Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst (EED) Coordinator Energy and Climate, Öko-Institute Schimpf, Mute Darmstadt Chemnitz, Christine Development Policy Department, MISEREOR e.V. Heinrich Böll Stiftung Heinrich, Christoph Tschimpke, Olaf Director Nature Conservancy, WWF- World Deml, Prof. Dr. Günther President, German Nature and Biodiversity Julius-Kühn-Institut Wide Fund for Nature Conservation Union (NABU) Hodges, Tim Diallo, Abdoul Khadir Uebelhör, Dr. Konrad CIDOB Senegal (NGO) Co-Chair, ABS Working Group, Convention on Coordinator, Program Implementing the Biological Diversity (CBD) Biodiversity Convention. German Technical Dohke, Teppei Kaiser, Martin Cooperation (GTZ) Secretary of Japan Committee for IUCN, Executive Director, German NGO Forum on Nature Conservation Society of Japan Environment and Development PARTICIPANTS Domnik, Renate Konukiewitz, Dr. Manfred Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker Commissioner for Climate Policy, Federal Dressel, Silja Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Abraham, Uwe Business and Biodiversity Initiative (BMU/GTZ) Development (BMZ) Zoologische Gesellschaft f. Arten- und Populationssschutz ZGAP Ehlert, Derk Korn, Dr. Horst Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung Berlin Head of the Department Biological Diversity Andria, Verania and CBD, Federal Agency for Nature Konphalindo (National Consortium for Forest Ehring, Georg Conservation (BfN) and Nature Conservation in Indonesia) Deutschlandfunk Kothari, Ashish Appel, Roland Elbing, Dr. Kerstin Co-Chair, IUCN Theme on Indigenous/Local Roa. Consult VBIO - Verband Biologie, Biowissenschaften Communities, Equity, and Protected Areas und Biomedizin in Deutschland Awe, Ben Adebanjo Krolopp, Andras Barnabas Trust International Emmermacher, Corinna Deputy Head Countdown 2010, Institut für Umwelt- und Technikrecht der IUCN Regional Office for Europe Axthelm, Eva Universität Trier (IUTR) Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Laletin, Dr. Andrei Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) Endrukaitis, Edgar Global Forest Coalition, Russia Business and Biodiversity Initiative (BMU/GTZ) Backhaus, Edelgard Leinfelder, Prof. Dr. Reinhold Berliner Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Fincke, Annelie Director General, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Naturschutz IUCN (Genf) World Heritage, Intern. Protected Areas Programme
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Fokken, Ulrike Kanda, Ken Mabulala, Robert Deutsche Umwelthilfe, Politik und Presse Botschaft Ghana Embassy Zimbabwe Friedrich, Susanne Kanzler, Dörte Magnus, Jessica Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) Studentin der Biologie und Umweltmanagement Joint Nature Conservation Commitee Gentes, Dr. Ingo Kaphengst, Timo Maly-Wischhof, Lena Universidad de Chile, Programa Agua y Sociedad Ecologic - Institut für internationale und EUROPARC Deutschland europäische Umweltpolitik Gerber, Kristin Massenbach, Arndt von Germanwatch Kasperczyk, Nadja INKOTA-netzwerk e.V. Institut für ländliche Strukturforschung (IfLS) Gold, Lukas Megill, Jessica Serviceplan Kessel, Anne U.S. Botschaft Studentin Gura, Susanne Mehl, Ulrike Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung Kischitzki, Josephin BUND U.S.Botschaft Habel, Jan Christian Meier, Ariane Marietta Ministère de la culture, de l´enseignement et Knauf, Gerald Bundestagsfraktion Bündnis 90/Die Grünen; de la recherche Luxembourg (MNHN) Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung Bundestagbüro Undine Kurth Haerlin, Benedikt Kneitz, Prof. Dr. Gerhard Meier, Guntram Zukunftsstiftung Landwirtschaft BUND, Berlin Zoologische Gesellschaft f. Arten- und Populationssschutz - ZGAP Hajdu, Klára Koch, Martina CEEweb for Diversity Humboldt-Universität Berlin Mikulcak, Friederike Business and Biodiversity Initiative (BMU/GTZ) Hajkova, Aglaia Koide, Asako Netzwerk Freies Wissen Grüne Liga Berlin Miller, Simone Greenpeace Hartmann, Ingrid König, Alexandra DÄV - Deutsch Äthiopischer Verein Universität Wien, Forschungspraktikum CBD Möckel, Dr. Stefan Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung Leipzig Heil, Fritz Korte, Cornelia Stiftung Soziale Gesellschaft - Nachhaltige Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung Müller, Manuel Entwicklung Zoologische Gesellschaft f. Arten- und Korte, Nikola Populationssschutz - ZGAP Heilmann, Lutz Universität Rostock Mitglied des Bundestages Nakoinz, Nina Kovalev, Vitalij Berliner Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Naturschutz Hellwig, Hauke NABU, Leiter Projektbüro Internationales Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Naumann, Sandra Biologie, AG Didaktik der Biologie Kretschmar, Meike Ecologic - Institut für internationale und Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz europäische Umweltpolitik Helm, Hans-Jörg und Reaktorsicherheit NABU Niedersachsen Neugebauer, Dr. Christian Krug, Stefan Glocalist Medien Hesse, Anja Greenpeace Deutschland, Büro Berlin DNR - Deutscher Naturschutzring Nordheim, Dr. Henning von Krug, Stephanie Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Meeresnaturschutz Hilbig, Sven Volkswagen Ag, Repräsentanz Berlin Heinrich Böll Stiftung Ober, Dr. Steffi Kubatzki, Jana NABU Referentin für Gentechnik und Naturschutz Hoffmann, Dr. Heide ZGAP Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaft- Oehmen, Bettina lich-Gärtnerische Fakultät Kühne, Sandra Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung The Nature Conservancy, Europe Office Hofmann, Dr. Michael Oerter, Dr. Kerstin Ministerium für Umwelt, Forsten und Külvik, Mart Nationalparkforstamt Eifel Verbraucherschutz Rheinland-Pfalz Estonian Green Movement Oltmanns, Dieter Hölzel, Corinna Künzi, Pascale Jana Technische Universität Berlin, TU Greenpeace Referentin für Umwelt, Energie und Gesundheitspolitik Schweizer Botschaft Ortmann, Anke Hölzer, Dr. Corinna Grüne Liga Berlin UFAZ, Umweltforum für Aktion und Zusammenarbeit Kurat, Anke VENRO Otto, Eike Hörmann, Stefan sustainable-tourism.com Global Nature Fund Kurth, Undine Bündnis90/Die Grünen, Parl. Geschäftsführe- Pilardeaux, Dr. Benno Hörstermann, Mark rin, Sprecherin Natur- und Tierschutz Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung BUND Bundesgeschäftstelle Globale Umweltveränderungen - WBGU Lehmann, Uwe Hotes, Dr. Stefan ZGAP Prasse, Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institut für Umweltplanung, Gottfried Wilhelm Department of Animal Ecology Lichdi, Johannes Leibniz Universität Hannover Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, MdL Sachsen Hübers, Andreas Quistorp, Eva debt AIDS trade africa, DATA Deutschland Littmeier, Annette genanet, Frauen für Frieden und Ökologie DNR, Projekt Nationale Nachhaltigkeits- Inden-Heinrich, Helga strategie Radjawali, Irendra DNR - Deutscher Naturschutzring Konphalindo (National Consortium for Forest Löwer, Otto and Nature Conservation in Indonesia) Junker, Reinhard BUND LV Hessen Büro Dr. Christian Ruck, MdB Rambold, Prof. Dr. Gerhard Lüger, Dr. Michael Universität Bayreuth Kaihatsu, Noriko Lanor Energy Systems Deutschland Nature Conservation Society of Japan Range, Tatjana Lunnebach, Silke Mitarbeiterin MdB Cajus Caesar, CDU Kaiser, Gregor Climate Alliance of European Cities with Wuppertal Institut Indigenous Rainforest Peoples European Secretariat / Klima-Bündnis e.V. 63 DOCUMENTATION z DOKUMENTATION
Reiche, Stefan Schrodt, Monika Vossen, Bjela Student Buko Agrar Koordination DNR EU-Koordination Reichert, Tobias Schröter, Stefanie Weise, Hanna Germanwatch Global Nature Fund Office Bonn Studentin Projektassistenz Rink, Dr. Uwe Wienges, Sebastian Berliner Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Schuelke, Alexander Heinrich Böll Stiftung Naturschutz Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Wilcke, Angelika Rohr, Johannes DLG-Verlags GmbH, Redaktion/editorial office INFOE Schulz, Jürgen Rural 21 Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz Rosch, Heiner und Reaktorsicherheit Winkel, PhD Georg Glocalist Medien Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Institute of Schweer, Christian Forest- and Environmental Policy Röscheisen, Dr. Helmut Büro MdB Nicole Maisch DNR - Deutscher Naturschutzring, Wotke, Albert Generalsekretär Schwenzfeier, Dirk Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH) Planungsgruppe, CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion Rotter, Silvia Yuta, Hayashi Berliner Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Seehusen, Susan Edda A SEED JAPAN Naturschutz Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) Ziegler, Heike Rudnick, Jana Sieber, Martin Mitarbeiterin MdB Lutz Heilmann Pro Wildlife e.V. Vogelschutz-Komitee e.V. Zisenis, Dr. Marcus Salinger, Dr. Susanne Spielmans, Silke State of Berlin, Central District Office BUND TU Berlin, Fachgebiet Landschaftsplanung Sander, Florian Sprenger, Ute Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung Gen-ethisches Netzwerk (GeN); Verein zur MEDIA Erhaltung und Rekultuvierung von Nutzpflan- Sander, Marietta zen in Brandenburg (VERN) Natural Resource Management, Fuhr, Stefan Training, Ecotourism Strempler, Rüdiger Evangelischer Pressedienst epd Gesellschaft zum Schutz der Meeressäugetiere Hemmer, Cornelis F. Sauter, Dr. Arnold e. V. (GSM) Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung GreenMediaNet beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB) Tennhardt, Thomas Medienagentur für ökologisch tragfähige Büro MdB Josef Göppel, Umweltobmann CDU/ Entwicklungen Schaaf, Nicolai CSU Bundestagsfraktion NABU, Referent für Klimawandel Hillauer, Rebecca und Biodiversität Thamm, Holger Journalistin Hörfunk und Print Mitarbeiter MdB Angelika Brunkhorst Scherer, Silke Jensen, Annette BUND Bundesgeschäftstelle Tiemann, Tassilo freie Jounalistin ETH Zürich Schmidt, Lars Kunze, Monika Germanwatch Timm, Dr. Gerhard WDR BUND Schmitt, Christine Lenser, Farah Inst. f. Forstpolitik, Universität Freiburg Timpte, Malte freie Journalistin Student Schmitz, Julika Genanet / Life e.V. Tsokodayi, Cleophas Meister, Martin Botschaft Zimbabwe GEO Schnabel, Vanessa DNR - Deutscher Naturschutzring Verhaagh, Dr. Manfred Rigos, Alexandra Staatl. Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe, Greenpeace Magazin Schneider, Dr. Eberhard Abteilungsleiter Entomologie Vogelschutz-Komitee e.V. Roth, Wolfgang Vogelsang, Lars Süddeutsche Zeitung Schöne, Florian Agenda Agentur Berlin, Public Affairs und Weiss, Axel NABU Referent für Agrarpolitik & Bioenergie Politikberatung für zukunftsfähige Entwicklung SWR Redaktion Umwelt und Ernährung/ Schrammen, Gerrit Vohland, Dr. Katrin Southwest German Broadcast TV & Radio Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter MdB Lutz Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK) Heilmann Werner, Jette Voss, Insa Media Consultant (pressetext Büro Berlin) Schröder, Marcel Universität Potsdam Deutsche Umwelthilfe Zimmermann, Pia Hessischer Rundfunk
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Die NGO-Koordination für die 9. UN-Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Konvention über die biologischen Vielfalt in Bonn 2008 100 Days to the UN Confe-
Der Deutsche Naturschutzring (DNR) und das Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung führen zwischen dem 15. April 2007 und dem 31. August 2008 das COP 9-Projekt durch. Es dient zur Vorbereitung rence on Biodiversity in und Begleitung der 9. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz des Übereinkommens über die biologische Vielfalt (9th Conference of Parties – COP 9 – to the Convention on Biological Diversity – CBD) und des Bonn International Dialogue Forum for the 4. Treffens der Mitglieder des Cartagena-Protokolls über biologische Sicherheit (4th Meeting of Parties – MOP 4 – to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety). 9th Conference of Parties to the Convention on
Das Projekt ist in zwei Teile gegliedert: Biological Diversity – CBD COP 9
1. die DNR-Informationskampagne, um den Bekanntheitsgrad der Konvention in Deutschland 7. - 8. February 2008, Berlin zu erhöhen und deren Ziele und Aufgaben der Öffentlichkeit zu vermitteln,
2. das Aktionsprogramm der NGOs, das vom Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung auf nationaler, euro- päischer und internationaler Ebene koordiniert wird. 100 Tage bis zur UN-Konfe-
Wichtiges Anliegen ist es, die nationale und internationale Beteiligung der Nichtregierungsorgani- renz über die biologische sationen (NGOs) an den Schwerpunktthemen von COP9 und MOP4 gut zu unterstützen und mit zu organisieren, um den Anliegen der Zivilgesellschaft entsprechendes Gehör zu verschaffen. Vielfalt in Bonn Internationales In der Vorbereitungsphase auf COP 9 und MOP 4 wurden Fachkonferenzen zu den thematischen Schwerpunkten mit Experten aus Politik, Verwaltung, Wissenschaft und NGOs durchgeführt und Dialogforum zur 9. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der dokumentiert. Konvention über die biologische Vielfalt 7. - 8. Februar 2008, Berlin !elfalt !sche V »B!OlOg mit Fairness ützen« – Kontakt/Contact Impressum/Imprint sch und Verantwortung Project Office CBD COP9/MOP4 Herausgeber/editor: DNR/Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung c/o DNR/Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung Redaktion/compilation: Anja Hesse, Günter Mitlacher und !olog!cal Koblenzer Straße 65 • D-53173 Bonn Projektteam CBD COP9/MOP4 phone: +49-(0)2 28-92 399 353 Gestaltung/design: eichenartig.de with Fairness e-Mail: [email protected] Realisation/realisation: Monika Brinkmöller (Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung) »Conserve B Papier/paper: Recycling Papier (Recymago) Mehr Informationen/ Datum/date: 08/2008 Diversityand« – Responsibility more information: www.biodiv-network.de Dokumentation • Documentation Dokumentation
Das Projekt „COP9-Vorbereitung“ wird vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (BMU) gefördert.