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Locomotives of 1907-C.LAKE-1907-Pg 56.Pdf F CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ^N. QJ/^\D F CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF Ji^ i J>w>mf<^cM'^^ i F CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ~ 1" QJSV> LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IIRRtRY OF THF IINIVFRSiTY (IF RtLIFORNIt LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOCOMOTIVES OF 1907 BY CHAS. S. J.AKE, A.M.I.MECH.E., MEMBER SOCIETY OF ARTS. " " Author of The World's Locomotives," The Locomotive Simply Explained" "Locomotives of 1906." LONDON : PERCIVAL MARSHALL & CO., 26-29, POFFIN'S COURT, FLEET STREET, E.G. FOUR-CYLINDER SIMPLE (460 TYPE) EXPRESS LOCOMOTIVE, GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. MR. G. J. CHURCHWARD, M.Inst.C.E., Locomotive Superintendent, SWINDON. Leading Particulars. : ins. 26 ins. ft. Cylinders (4) Diameter, 14^ ; piston stroke, Grate area, 27-07 sq. wheels ft. 2 ins. Bogie diameter. 3 Working pressure, 225 Ibs. per sq. in. wheels diameter, 6 ft. 8J ins. tons 16 cwts. of Coupled Weight on coupled wheels, 58 ; weight engine (in : ft. ft. Wheelbase 14 9 ins. ; total, 3 ins. Rigid, 27 working order), 76 tons 14 cwts. : at ft. ins. ft. 6 ins. Boiler Diameter front, 4 loj ; diameter at back, 5 ; Tender: Water capacity, 3,500 gallons; coal capacity, 6 tons. height of centre above rail, 8 ft. 6 ins. of and tender (in order), 1 16 tons 14 cwts. Heating surface: Tubes 1988-65 sq. ft.; firebox, 154-26 sq. ft.: Weight engine working Ibs. total, 2142-91 sq. ft. Tractive force, 26,560 LOCOMOTIVES OF 19 O7. By CHAS. S. LAKE, A.M.I.Mech.E., Member Society of Arts. ITH the close of the over are showing an increased disposition to investi- a favourable and in the claims of others year 1907, gate more closely, practice, ; opportunity presents it- and, although it cannot be truthfully stated as yet that self for reviewing the there exists what may perhaps best be described as a progress made in the current of settled international opinion, there are un- world's locomotive prac- mistakable signs that in regard to many essential points tice during the twelve the general body of locomotive engineers are coming months which have more nearly into agreement. elapsed since the same This influence, if carried far enough, would doubtless purpose was fulfilled at have a beneficial effect upon the branch of engineering the of but it of be a .end 1906. under consideration ; must, course, long Whilst it cannot be said time before ideas have become sufficiently consolidated that the present year has to allow of the adoption of anything in the nature of produced any very start- international locomotive standards, even for practically ling developments con- identical conditions of service. nected with locomotive engineering, it has, nevertheless, When we come to pass in review what has been done.- witnessed a general advancement on recognised prin- in Great Britain during the year 1907 in connection ciples, and indications of a noteworthy character have with locomotive engineering, it is seen that on the not been wanting. majority of railways a policy of steady adherence to With an additional twelve months of been maintained a course which, experience existing standardsjhas at their of remain efficient disposal, designers locomotives the world so long as those 4 standards adequately 180713 / ' LOCOMOTIVES OF 1907. for the work to be performed, is perhaps on the whole highest necessary speed being reached without incon- the best. On other lines the spirit of investigation has venience. The design of these locomotives provides been manifested, and, although little of the results only two valve gears of the Walschaerts' type for obtained has publicly transpired, a great deal has been actuating the four slide-valves, and although many done, effectively if quietly, in the way of experimental engineers, especially those upon the Continent, consider work with methods new to the practice of this country, it better practice to work each steam-distributing valve and, doubtless, when the proper time arrives the out- independently by a separate set of motion, there are come will be duly announced. advantages for the simpler method of coupling the The railway service of the United Kingdom was valve spindles and working them in pairs by means of never more efficient than at the present time, and, a single valve gear which cannot be overlooked. The speaking generally, it would be difficult to find a strict two inside cylinders of the Great Western engine an parallel for it in any other part of the world. The illustration of which, with dimensions, forms the weight of the trains comprising the most important frontispiece are placed in advance of the bogie centre, passenger services and the average speeds at which whilst the outside ones are at the rear of the same, the they are run, have both had an upward tendency, and inside cylinders driving the crank-axle of the leading the demand for locomotives capable of hauling these coupled wheels and those outside the middle pair. increasing loads without any diminution in the average The inside and outside valve spindles on' each side velocity has advanced commensurately. of the engine are connected by a cross-lever having In locomotive matters, as well as in many two arms, which is fulcrumed at about the centre on others, the Great Western is among the most the main engine frames. The gear is directly applied progressive of British railways, and this reputation to the valves of the inside cylinders, and motion is was further enhanced during the year just closed transmitted to those outside through the double-armed by the introduction of powerful express passenger loco- lever before mentioned. Full details of this valve motives of a new type having four simple cylinders, gear, with drawings, having appeared in several of the a leading four-wheeled bogie and six-coupled driving technical engineering journals, it will be unnecessary wheels. Engines of this description are exceptionally to go further into the subject of its construction and well adapted for hauling the heaviest of modern method of working here, where space is an important passenger trains, and the diameter of the driving wheels consideration. These 4 6 o type four-cylinder loco- in the present case, viz., 6 ft. ,8 ins., allows of the motives are employed for working some of the heaviest LOCOMOTIVES OF 1907. FOUR-CYLINDER SIMPLE (460 TYPE) PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVE, LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. MR. DUGALD DRUMMOND, M.Inst.C.E., Chief Mechanical Engineer. NINE ELMS. Leading Particulars. : i6 ins. 26 ins. Grate area, ft. Cylinders (4) Diameter, ; piston stroke, 31^5 sq. Coupled wheels diameter, 6 ft. Working pressure, 175 Ibs. wheels ft. ins. Bogie diameter, 3 7 : Tender capacity Water, 4,000 gallons ; coal, 4 tons. : ft. ins. 26 ft. ins. Wheelbase Rigid, 13 4 ; total, 7 Heating surface of tubes in tender well (feed-water heated with exhaust Boiler : outside ft. ins. Diameter, (maximum), 5 g\ ; length between steam), 382 sq. ft. ft. 2 ins. of centre ft. tube plates, 14 ; height above rails, 9 Diameter of tender wheels, 3 ft. 7 ins. surface : Boiler ft. firebox ft. Heating tubes, 2,210 sq. ; tubes, 357 sq. ; ft. : firebox, 160 sq. total, 2,727 sq. ft. Total length over buffers (engine and tendei ), 63 ft. oj- in. Weight on coupled wheels, 54 tons. Weight of engine and tender in working order, 118 tons. LOCOMOTIVES OF 1907. and fastest main line long-distance expresses of the ties of the latest practice it becomes difficult to employ Great Western Railway, and they are doing much to the increased tractive power effectively, owing to lack uphold the character always possessed by that line for of adhesion, once a certain point has been reached in speed and punctuality. the steam distribution. With only two axles to carry " " At the time of writing, the new Pacific or the adhesion load and an outside limit of 20 tons per 4 6 2 type express locomotive of the Great Western axle, it cannot be expected that any four-coupled loco- Railway was about making trial trips. This engine, motive will utilise to advantage the same cylinder which is the first of its kind to be introduced tractive power as a six-coupled engine with nearly on the railways of the United Kingdom, approximates 60 tons of adhesion. In addition to these powerful in size and power to those of the same type employed four-cylinder locomotives, several additional engines on the Paris-Orleans Railway, which were placed in having the same wheel arrangement, but with two service about midway during 1907, when they marked cylinders only, were added to the locomotive stock the initial introduction of the type on the European of the Great Western Railway during the past year. Continent. On the London & South-Western the only other A marked difference between the two designs is British railway beside the Great Western to employ the that whereas the French locomotives are four- 4 6 o type of locomotive in conjunction with four cylinder compounds, with a separate valve mechanism simple cylinders the close of the year saw the intro- for each cylinder, that of the Great Western duction of a new series of such engines, commencing Railway has four single-expansion cylinders using with No.
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