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Human/Environment Relations Analysis & Simulation Using Human/Environment Relations Analysis & Simulation Using Human-Centered Systems Methods for Design and Evaluation of Complex Habitable Environments by Simonetta Andrea Rodriguez B.S. Architectural Engineering The University of Texas at Austin, 1988 Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY January 2000 C 2000 Simonetta A. Rodriguez. All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author: epartment of Civil and nviro e tal g' eering anuary 24, 2000 Certified by: Steven Lerman Class of 1922 Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: Daniele Veneziano Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies Civil and Environmental Engineering MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FBR1 4 2000 LIBRARIES -4 Page intentionally left blank. 2 Human/Environment Relations Analysis & Simulation Using Human-Centered Systems Methods for Design and Evaluation of Complex Habitable Environments by Simonetta Andrea Rodriguez Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, on January 14, 2000 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering. ABSTRACT An exploration with two main goals is presented: 1. Modeling a self-contained "intelligent building," the Mars Arctic Research Station (MARS) habitation unit, and interaction with its users. The modeling effort seeks representation of invisible aspects of the interactions between the station and its users rather than visible forms. 2. Examination of how (or if) the modeling process contributes to understanding of the interactions between human beings and the structures and technological features of their habitations... particularly when something goes wrong. The modeling language and associated software chosen for study in this exploration is the Business Redesign Agent-based Holistic Modeling System (Brahms), developed by a team of researchers and computer scientists now involved with the joint NASA/Mars Society MARS project. The issues and factors relevant to any attempt at modeling human behavior in interaction with habitable environments are specified. Brahms is described as a potential human-environment- modeling framework and language, and separately as a software system. The process of developing a Brahms model of the MARS habitat and a comprehensive analysis of that process are presented. Recommendations for similar future work with Brahms, as a modeling framework and language, and separately as a software system, are provided. Thesis Supervisor: Steven Lerman Title: Class of 1922 Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering Acknowledgements First and of greatest import to the author, is acknowledgment of the penetrating influence of the tenets of the Baha'i Faith, learned in childhood, particularly the uniquely Bahh'i principle that work, performed in the spirit of service to humanity, is actually worship, and that intellectualism or scholarship engaged solely for personal diversion or amusement is unworthy of the honor, power and grace invested in every human spirit. Of scarcely lesser importance, is the profound example set by my mother, Seraphine Camino Rodriguez McLaughlin, who studied computer science long before any university in the world offered this field as a regular course of study, who went on to do what she was explicitly told she could not, that is, enter a profession "reserved" for a gender and color other than her own. Her loving support, guidance, gentle detachment and encouragement have been utterly priceless throughout my life, but even more critical in these years at MIT. To my daughters Kiele Lokahi, "Fragrant Blossom of Unity," and Kelana Seraphine, "Two Dreams of Beauty," who have been most directly impacted by and involved with the vicissitudes of my life as a graduate student, I wish to say: I love you, and thus recommend that you finish school before your children are born, if possible... but remember that if this is not possible, the children themselves are inspiration and motivation to learn... as you have been. To my husband John Saxton MacCord: I love you; "thank you" is an insufficient pale ghost of my feelings, and now, I get to learn with you what life is like "after MIT." Many other people and organizations made this impending graduation possible. By being "watering holes," that is, oases in the Serengeti plains that MIT can feel like to one who comes from a completely different "place": Margo Daniels Tyler, Dan Langdale, Steven Lerman, Ayida Mthembu, Mary Ni, Nadine Champagne, Mary Rowe, Cynthia Stewart, Isaac Colbert, Toni Robinson, Lynn Roberson, Sandy Pentland, Dr. Bethany Block, Ken Stone, Fred Cote, Jane Gould, Joan McCusker, Jessie Williamson, Kenji Iwamoto, Blanche Staton, Patricia Gercik, as well as others. By "being there" even if not here: Manuelita Camino McCleod, Linda Christine Rodriguez Price, Dr. Roger Bengtson, Dr. Dan Wheat, Charles Garner, Dr. William Sims, Dr. Alan Hedge, Dr. Marion Finley, Dr. Walter Kroner, Dr. Mikio Shoji, Dr. Christopher Loretz, Dr. Hiroshi Furuya, Ms. Yoko Kawasaki, Dr. William Clancey, Maarten Sierhuis, Ron van Hoof, Rochelle Roberts, as well as others. By providing funds: IBM, the College of Human Ecology at Cornell University, the State University of New York, the IFMA & Haworth Foundations, the National Science Foundation, the MIT Graduate Education Office, the MIT Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John S. MacCord, Seraphine McLaughlin, and my daughters by doing without. By being friends... you know who you are, I thank you. 4 Table of Contents C hapter 1 - Introduction and C ontext ................................................................... 7 Figure 1.1 - Haughton Crater ..................................................................................................... 7 1.1 General Context..............................................................................................................................7 1.1.1 Problem ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.1.2 W hy is this interesting .................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Hum an Context.................................................................:...........................................................10 1.2.1 Human Factors ...................................................... 10 1.2.1.1 Stress ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1.2 Control.....................................................................................................................11 1.2.1.3 Failure as a Human Stressor ................................................................................. 12 1.3 Infrastructure Context: "Intelligent" Buildings .............................................................................. 13 1.3.1 Successful M arketing Tool.............................................................................................. 14 1.3.2 Lessons Learned From the First Generation ................................................................... 16 1.3.3 W hat Is Needed..................................................................................................................16 1.4 Com putational Context..................................................................................................................17 1.4.1 Hum an-Com puter Interaction (HCI)................................................................................. 17 1.4.2 Human-Centered Systems (HCS) & Human-Centered Computing (HCC)........................18 1.4.3 NASA and HCC .................................................................................................................. 19 1.4.4 Thesis Outline .................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 2 - Analyzing Human-Environment Interactions.................................... 21 2.1 Analysis and M odeling Issues .................................................................................................. 21 Figure 2.1 - Hum an-Environment Interaction Issues ...................................................... 22 2.1.1 Relevant M odeling Systems............................................................................................ 23 Figure 2.2 - Tateishi's Diagrammatic Representation of Human Issues in IB's. ................ 25 2.2 Introduction to Brahm s..................................................................................................................25 2.3 History of Brahm s ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.4 W hy Brahm s ............................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3 - Brahms (Business Redesign Agent-Based Holistic Modeling System).................. 29 3.1 Brahm s as a Modeling/Sim ulation Software System ................................................................
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