Check List Notes on Geographic Distribution Check List 13(2): 2091, 12 April 2017 Doi: ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors
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13 2 2091 the journal of biodiversity data 12 April 2017 Check List NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13(2): 2091, 12 April 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2091 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors First records of Sturnira bakeri Velazco & Patterson, 2014 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Colombia Sebastián Montoya-Bustamante1, 3, Baltazar González-Chávez2, Natalya Zapata-Mesa1 & Laura Obando-Cabrera1 1 Universidad del Valle, Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia 2 Universidad del Valle, Apartado Aéreo 25360, Cali, Colombia 3 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: We evaluate the occurrence of S. bakeri in m). Therefore, there was a high probability that this species Colombia, a recently described species. We report seven inhabits northwestern Peru rather than elsewhere (Velaz- new records and include data on skull measurements of co & Patterson 2014). Recently, Sánchez & Pacheco these individuals and information on the new localities. A (2016) tested this hypothesis and reported the presence of discriminant analysis suggests that condyloincisive length S. bakeri from six localities in northwestern Peru. No fur- and dentary length are the most important measurements ther information has been published on S. bakeri and its to separate S. bakeri and S. luisi from S. lilium. However, geographic distribution remains obscure. Our aim was to to distinguish S. bakeri from S. luisi, we used discrete evaluate the occurrence of S. bakeri in Colombia, as well as characters proposed in the original descriptions of these to increase our knowledge of the morphological variation two taxa. Sturnira bakeri should no longer be considered a and distributional pattern of this species. regionally endemic species from Ecuador and Peru. An exhaustive review of Sturnira specimens deposited Key words: new records; yellow-shouldered bats; endemism; in the mammal collection of Universidad del Valle (UV) species richness; Sturnira luisi was conducted using the original description of S. bakeri (Velazco & Paterson 2014). We compared putative spec- imens of S. bakeri with representatives of morphologically Sturnira Gray, 1842 is a genus of frugivorous bats distribut- and phylogenetically closely related species in the genus ed across the Neotropics from Mexico to northern Argen- tina, including some islands in the Caribbean (Velazco & (Sturnira luisi Davis, 1980 and Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, Patterson 2013). Species within this genus are important 1810)). Studied specimens are listed in the Appendix. during successional stages in Neotropical forests (Mus- Although Velazco & Patterson (2013) restricted the carella & Fleming 2007), establishing mutualistic asso- distribution of S. lilium to the Brazilian Shield, they did ciations mainly with plants of the genus Piper and Solanum not clarify its status in Colombia (Ramírez-Chaves et al. (Saldaña-Vázquez et al. 2013; Montoya-Bustamante 2016). Therefore, in this study we still identify as S. lilium et al. 2016). those specimens that agree with its description. With 23 recognized species, Sturnira is the most spe- Date, sex and information on capture localities were cies rich genus in the family Phyllostomidae (Velazco & taken from museum tags. Whenever specimen coordinates Patterson 2014; Molinari et al. 2017), which had its were not available in museum labels, they were calculated initial radiation in the Andes of South America (Velazco through direct projection using Arcgis 10.2.2 software. & Patterson 2013). As a product of a recent taxonomic Georeferencing was made by association to a physical ele- revision of the genus, two new species were described: ment (single point), and each locality was located in the S. bakeri and S. burtonlimi (Velazco & Patterson 2013, map (Table 1; Figure 1). Cartography from SIGOT’s data 2014). Currently, both of these taxa are represented by a bank was used, and georeferencing was based on MAGNA limited number of specimens; thus, S. bakeri was thought SIRGAS-WGS84 systems. to be endemic to southwestern Ecuador (Velazco & Pat- Standard mammal measurements were taken from each terson 2014; Tirira 2015). museum specimen’s tag, and if not available were mea- The type series of S. bakeri includes specimens from sured directly when possible (Table 2). Cranial measure- two localities in southwestern Ecuador: Palmales, Reserva ments were taken from S. bakeri (n = 7), S. lilium (n = 19), Militar Arenillas, El Oro (03°40ʹ27.4ʺ S, 080°06ʹ20.0ʺ W; and S. luisi (n = 18) using a Mitutoyo digital caliper (to the elevation: 49 m) and Quebrada Seca, Fuerte Militar Arenil- nearest 0.05 mm) following Velazco & Paterson (2014). las, El Oro (03°39ʹ24.1ʺ S, 080°10ʹ56.2ʺ W, elevation: 43 With these data and the published measurements of S. 1 Montoya-Bustamante et al. | Records of Sturnira bakeri from Colombia bakeri (Velazco & Paterson 2014), a linear discriminant W ʺ analysis was performed to assess morphometric differ- 43 ʹ ences between S. bakeri and its closely related species. Total length, hindfoot length, ear length and weight were not included in the analysis because they were not available N, 076°03 ʺ 18 for all specimens. Mahalanobis distances and its posterior ʹ classification probabilities were used to determine if indi- UV 11932 24 Feb 1999 24 Feb Valle del Cauca Valle Male V. Rojas-Díaz V. La Morena, GaliciaLa Morena, S. lilium 04°08 1860 viduals were correctly assigned to each particular group. We document the presence of seven Colombian speci- mens representing S. bakeri. These specimens matched the morphological description of the species and were W ʺ N, previously misidentified as S. luisi (n = 6) and S. lilium (n ʺ = 1) (Table 1). One of them (UV 10817), despite having all 45.99 ʹ 11.04 ʹ the other skull and skin traits characteristic of S. bakeri, UV 10818* 22 May 1992 22 May Chocó Female A. Villegas La Italia S. luisi 04°50 076°17 N/A does not have bicuspidate I1 and there is no sign of wear. Notwithstanding, it was collected at the same date and place of UV 10818, a typical S. bakeri (Figure 1). Dorsal fur varied from dark brown to a light yellowish brown, while W ʺ ventral fur varied from pale brown to a yellowish beige. N, ʺ The presence of yellowish epaulettes is conspicuous in all 45.959 ʹ 11.04 specimens, males and females, with the exception of speci- ʹ men UV 10818. UV 10817*† 22 May 1992 22 May Chocó Male J. Bustos J. La Italia S. luisi 04°50 076°17 N/A Comparative measurements and weights from the holo- type of S. bakeri (Velazco & Patterson 2014) and S. bak- eri individuals reported herein are shown in Table 2. The linear discriminant analysis revealed morphological dif- W ʺ N, ferences among the three analyzed groups (Figure 2). The ʺ first root explained 81.8% of the variability among groups, 53.54 ʹ 20.95 ʹ separating S. bakeri and S. luisi from S. lilium. The second UV 4540* 2 Aug 1985 2 Aug Chocó Female M. Alberico de La Italia S. luisi 04°54 076°22 N/A discriminant function explained 18.2% of the variability, allowing us to differentiate S. bakeri from S. luisi. Condy- W ʺ loincisive length (CIL) and dentary length (DL) were the 00 ʹ most important measurements to separate S. lilium from S. bakeri and S. luisi (standard coefficients for root 1: CIL = –1.40, DL = –0.99). Condylocanine length (CCL) and den- N, 076°11 ʺ 00 ʹ tary length (DL) were the most important measurements to differentiate S. bakeri from S. luisi (standard coefficients UV 4136* 12 Oct 1984 Chocó Male San José del Palmar San José del Palmar San José del Palmar San José del Palmar Bugalagrande E. Velasco E. Paso de GalápagosPaso del Oso 10 km Alto al oeste S. luisi 04°49 2000 for root 2: CCL=2.23, DL = –1.84). The posterior probabili- ʺ ties classified all the studied individuals according to their 42.45 ʹ a priori assignment. Here we present the first records of S. bakeri from Colom- bia. Six new localities were identified for this taxon in N, 076°37 ʺ Colombia, extending this species’ range by 1,034 km north 29.1 ʹ from previous closest record (Table 1). Altitude varied from UV 3178* 28 Apr 1981 28 Apr Valle del Cauca Valle Female Restrepo C. Caicedo Río Bravo S. luisi 03°52 W N/A 400 to 2,000 m, and three life zones were identified for the species distribution: premontane wet forest, premontane rain forest, and lower montane wet forest. in Colombia from the mammal collection of Universidad del Valle (UV).Valle del the mammal collection of Universidad from in Colombia According to Velazco & Patterson (2014), S. bakeri traits except bicuspidate I1 bicuspidate except traits might be confused with S. lilium and S. luisi, but our mor- W ʺ N, ʺ phologic analyses show it is easily recognizable by its skull. S. bakeri S. bakeri 52.66 ʹ 03.99 ʹ The most useful characters we used to distinguish S. bakeri Sturnira bakeri bakeri Sturnira coordinates were calculated due to lack of information due to calculated were coordinates from S. lilium and S. luisi were: a globular braincase with Premontane rain forest rain Premontane forest wet Premontane forest wet montane Lower forest wet montane Lower forest wet montane Lower forest wet montane Lower Not identified UV 2150* 14 Sep 1979 Valle del Cauca Valle Male Buenaventura M. Alberico Quebrada SanQuebrada Joaquín, Bajo Calima S. luisi 03°57 077°00 400 a slender rostrum (Figures 3, 4); a well-developed sagittal crest (Figure 5); an oval sphenorbital fissure (Figure 6); ‡ Records of Records an absent anterior process of the glenoid fossa (Figure 7); well-developed clinoid processes (Figure 8); usually Date Department Sex Municipality Collected by Collected Locality Previous Previous identification Coordinates * These * These specimens’ all specimen shows This † (1988) IGAC to according zone ‡ Life Altitude (m) Altitude Life zone Life Table 1.