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Google Chrome Jako Nejúspěšnější Webový Prohlížeč Současnosti?

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Google Chrome Jako Nejúspěšnější Webový Prohlížeč Současnosti? Masarykova univerzita Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Teorie interaktivních médií Zuzana Drimlová Google Chrome jako nejúspěšnější webový prohlížeč současnosti? Bakalářská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Zuzana Kobíková 2012 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval/a samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. …………………………………………….. Zuzana Drimlová Poděkování Ráda bych zde poděkovala vedoucí mé bakalářské práce, Mgr. Zuzaně Kobíkové, za systematické vedení, za její pomoc, odborné rady a za čas, který mi byla ochotna věnovat. Také bych zde chtěla poděkovat odborníkům přes IT, Bc. Matěji Hřibovi a Ing. Bc. Vítu Svobodovi za jejich odborné připomínky. OBSAH: 1. ÚVOD .................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Uvedení do problematiky ................................................................................. 5 1.2 Cíle práce .......................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Klíčové otázky a hypotéza ............................................................................... 7 1.4 Metody práce .................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Zdroje literatury ................................................................................................ 7 2. HISTORIE WEBOVÝCH PROHLÍŢEČŮ ......................................................... 8 3. PRVNÍ VÁLKA PROHLÍŢEČŮ ...................................................................... 11 4. INTERNET EXPLORER .................................................................................. 13 5. GOOGLE CHROME ......................................................................................... 14 6. DRUHÁ VÁLKA PROHLÍŢEČŮ .................................................................... 24 7. PERSONALIZACE ........................................................................................... 27 7.1 Personalizace a Google .................................................................................. 30 8. HISTORIE E-MAILU ....................................................................................... 33 8.1 Hotmail ........................................................................................................... 33 8.2 Gmail .............................................................................................................. 35 9. BLOKOVÁNÍ REKLAMY ............................................................................... 38 9.1 Blokování reklamy v Internetu Explorer ........................................................ 39 9.2 Blokování reklamy v Google Chrome............................................................ 40 10. WEBOVÉ KALENDÁŘE ............................................................................. 42 10.1 Windows kalendář ........................................................................................ 42 10.2 Kalendář Google........................................................................................... 43 11. ZÁVĚR .......................................................................................................... 45 12. RESUMÉ ....................................................................................................... 48 12.1 Summary ...................................................................................................... 48 13. BIBLIOGRAFIE ............................................................................................ 49 1. ÚVOD „Před dvaceti lety anglický fyzik a tvůrce webu Tim Berners-Lee vytvořil program, který bychom z dnešního pohledu mohli považovat za historicky první webový prohlížeč. Odstartoval tím nejen revoluci ve sdílení informací, ale také nekonečnou válku výrobců prohlížečů, která zatím stále nezná vítěze.“1 Práce se zabývá webovým prohlíţečem Google Chrome a vybrané aplikace jako je personalizace, Gmail, Google kalendář a blokování reklam srovnává s konkurenčními aplikacemi Internet Explorer: Hotmailem, kalendářem a blokováním reklam, a ve srovnání existujících statistických údajů neopomene ani současné nejuţívanější browsery, jak v zahraničí, tak u nás. V další kapitole okrajově uvedu historii webových prohlíţečů, která se vyvinula neuvěřitelně rychle, a tvůrcem historicky prvního (původně se nejednalo o browser jako takový, ale o program; primitivního předchůdce), je jiţ zmiňovaný Tim Berners-Lee, který pracoval pro výzkumné středisko CERN v Ţenevě. Protoţe je hlavním tématem mé práce Google Chrome, vytvořím analýzu tohoto webového prohlíţeče od jeho počátků z roku 1998 a vyzdvihnu vývoj jednotlivých aplikací. Na totéţ se zaměřím i u Internetu Explorer. Ke konci práce porovnám aplikace obou browserových gigantů a tím vznikne závěr, ze kterého vyplynou úspěchy jednotlivých webových prohlíţečů. 1.1 Uvedení do problematiky Podle statistik společnosti StatCounter se Chrome šplhá na pozici nejjednoduššího a nejrychlejšího webového prohlíţeče dnešní doby. Hlavní výhody prohlíţeče jsou cena, je totiţ zcela zdarma, jeho velikost je jen několik málo MB, je velice rychlý a vzhled si můţeme zvolit dle svého vkusu. Prohlíţeč je řešen velice minimalisticky, takţe pro 1 BUDAI, 2010. [cit. 15. 3. 2011]. <http://extrawindows.cnews.cz/dvacet-let-webovych-prohlizecu- nekoncici-boj?page=0,1>. 5 náročnějšího uţivatele neoplývá na první pohled nějak velkým mnoţstvím funkcí při základní verzi oproti konkurenčnímu Exploreru či Mozille Firefox, avšak ostatní freewarové aplikace Chrome můţeme přidávat téměř neomezeně. Velice často si také můţeme stahovat novou, kvalitnější verzi tohoto browseru, se stále dokonalejšími aplikacemi. A kdo ví, moţná se za pár let stane Google Chrome špičkou na trhu. V České republice dávají weboví uţivatelé přednost Mozille Firefox. Internet Explorer je druhý a Google Chrome následuje velice těsně za ním, s 20,16 %. Tyto statistiky z dubna 2012 ukazují webové stránky Prohlíţeče.info.2 Avšak podle statistik StatCounter3 je sice Mozilla první, ale Google Chrome obsazuje v ČR druhé místo. 1.2 Cíle práce Cílem této práce je na základě analýzy a srovnání popsat, co Google Chrome uţivateli nabízí a zdali je konkurenceschopný Exploreru. Dalším cílem je na základě probádané literatury zjistit, jaký z těchto dvou internetových prohlíţečů je pro dnešního uţivatele atraktivnější. Jelikoţ se práce zabývá prohlíţečem Google Chrome, zaměřím svůj výzkum především touto cestou. Dostanu odpovědi na důleţité otázky, týkající se funkcí, aplikací, vzhledu a vůbec oblíbenosti prohlíţečů, a to v různých kategoriích. I přesto, ţe nejdůleţitější jsou pro tuto studii odpovědi odborníků přes informační technologie, tak se kromě nich seznámíme i s názory běţných uţivatelů či „internetových laiků“. Pomocí statistik (StatCounter, 2012; W3Counter, 20124) zjistím, které browsery jsou mezi uţivateli nejvíce rozšířeny. 2 MIKULA, 2012. [cit. 2. 4. 2012]. <http://prohlizece.info/clanky/statistiky-prohlizecu-cr-duben- 2012-google-chrome-pouziva-petina-uzivatelu/>. 3 StatCounter, 2012. [cit. 13. 5. 2012]. <http://gs.statcounter.com/#browser-CZ-monthly-201104- 201204> 4 W3Counter, 2012. [cit. 2. 4. 2012]. <http://www.w3counter.com/globalstats.php>. 6 1.3 Klíčové otázky a hypotéza V práci si kladu otázky, proč má Google Chrom na to, aby se stal jedničkou na trhu, a zda li je personalizace pro webové uţivatele pozitivní věc. Moje hypotéza zní: I přes to, ţe se většina odborníků domnívala, ţe v dnešním počítačovém světě uţ pro další webový prohlíţeč není místo, se roku 2008 na trhu zjevil zcela nový Google Chrome. Myslím si, ţe se Google Chrome zanedlouho stane jedničkou na trhu webových browserů, protoţe jeho personalizace je u většiny webových uţivatelů vítána i přes to, ţe si pro své potřeby ukládá velký počet osobních údajů a uţivatelských dat. 1.4 Metody práce Metodou práce je srovnávání neboli komparace. Porovnávám zde jednotlivé prvky dvou hlavních představitelů světa prohlíţečů, Google Chrome a Internet Explorer. Pro srovnání jsem si vybrala 3 z aplikací, které oba tyto prohlíţeče nabízejí. Porovnávat je budu na základě analýzy jejich funkčnosti a uţivatelské komfortnosti. Mezi metody můţu zařadit popis, kdy budu přibliţovat jednotlivé důleţité prvky internetových prohlíţečů, jako je blokování reklam, Adblock, webové kalendáře a e-maily, Hotmail a Gmail, spolu s jejich funkcemi. Výsledky analýzy proto ilustrují statistiky z rozhovorů s uţivateli Google Chrom, Internet Explorer i odborníky z oblasti informačních technologií. 1.5 Zdroje literatury Práce vychází hlavně z odborných časopisů, které často obměňují rychle se vyvíjející statistiky. Jsou jedním z nejdůleţitějších zdrojů zprostředkování nejnovějších informací a poznatků. Všechny verze Google Chrome, spolu s jejich novými funkcemi, jsou velice dobře popsány na webových stránkách Googleblog, ze kterých práce vychází. Dalšími důleţitými zdroji jsou statistiky webových browserů, jejichţ grafy můţeme najít na webu společnosti StatCounterrok, či W3Counter. V závěru práce se zaměřím na test webových prohlíţečů od PC World. 7 2. HISTORIE WEBOVÝCH PROHLÍŽEČŮ Webový prohlíţeč je program, který nám umoţňuje vyhledávat, získávat a zobrazovat informace na internetu, jako jsou například webové stránky, obrázky, audia nebo videa.5 V průběhu několika let byly vytvořeny různými lidmi desítky inovativních webových prohlíţečů. Prvním široce pouţívaným webovým prohlíţečem byl podle Livinginternet6 NCSA Mosaic. Jeho programátorský tým pak vytvořil první komerční webový prohlíţeč,
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