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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Título: Diseño De La Página Web De Antenas
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TRABAJO DE DIPLOMA Título: Diseño de la Página Web de Antenas Autor: Alaín Hidalgo Burgos Tutor: Dr. Roberto Jiménez Hernández Santa Clara 2006 “Año de la Revolución Energética en Cuba” Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA Departamento de Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica TTRRAABBAAJJOO DDEE DDIIPPLLOOMMAA Diseño de la Página Web de Antenas Autor: Alaín Hidalgo Burgos e-mail: [email protected] Tutor: Dr. Roberto Jiménez Hernández Prof. Dpto. de Telecomunicaciones y electrónica Facultad de Ing. Eléctrica. UCLV. e-mail: [email protected] Santa Clara Curso 2005-2006 “Año de la Revolución Energética en Cuba” Hago constar que el presente trabajo de diploma fue realizado en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas como parte de la culminación de estudios de la especialidad de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica, autorizando a que el mismo sea utilizado por la Institución, para los fines que estime conveniente, tanto de forma parcial como total y que además no podrá ser presentado en eventos, ni publicados sin autorización de la Universidad. Firma del Autor Los abajo firmantes certificamos que el presente trabajo ha sido realizado según acuerdo de la dirección de nuestro centro y el mismo cumple con los requisitos que debe tener un trabajo de esta envergadura referido a la temática señalada. Firma del Tutor Firma del Jefe de Departamento donde se defiende el trabajo Firma del Responsable de Información Científico-Técnica PENSAMIENTO “El néctar de la victoria se bebe en la copa del sacrificio” DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a mis padres, a mí hermana y a mi novia por ser las personas más hermosas que existen y a las cuales les debo todo. -
A Usability Study of the Opera Web Browser and Its Contexts of Use
User Attitudes and Environmental Factors: A Usability Study of the Opera Web Browser and its Contexts of Use Curtis Peterson Nick Bateman Luke Burnett Introduction Information from a usability study on a product can provide beneficial information for a specified group or individual with user problems, ideas for development, and recommendations for the product. Our usability test compares a new option for browsing the web called Opera with the more familiar browsers Internet Explorer (IE) and Netscape. Opera has recently become available in Michigan Technological University’s Center for Computer-Assisted Language Instruction (CCLI); our intentions were to invite CCLI users to take the test and record the data straight from the actual environment. We found seven participants. Dawn Hayden, the director of the CCLI, accepted our proposal to conduct this test; in turn, we promised to provide her with information for further recommendation of the product, in future considerations of CCLI software. The question we want to answer is this: Is Opera initially impressing users as an improvement over existing web browsers? To answer this question, Opera’s aspects of initial attraction for new users must be defined. There are three areas where a new browser must succeed in impressing intended users: · Adaptability of user features · Accessibility of user option preference · Navigability of user interface. Methodology Imagine you are asked to design your “ideal” web browser that will compete on the big market. True, it is not an easy task. So do you think you could just draw a picture of it? What would your options be? We asked a group of users to do just this exercise during this usability test. -
Need for Mobile Speed: a Historical Analysis of Mobile Web Performance
Need for Mobile Speed: A Historical Analysis of Mobile Web Performance Javad Nejati Meng Luo Nick Nikiforakis Aruna Balasubramanian Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Stony Brook University Stony Brook University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—As more and more users rely on their mobile devices The problem, however, is that it is not clear which fac- for the majority of their computing needs, browser vendors are tors contribute to this improvement in performance. Mobile competing for the user’s attention on the mobile platform. As browsers are complex, and several factors affect page perfor- a result, mobile Web page performance has improved over the years. However, it is not clear if these improvements are a result mance. These factors include browser improvements, network of better browsers, optimized Web pages, new platforms, or im- conditions, the device capacity, and the page itself. It is critical proved network conditions. In this work, we conduct a historical to identify the factors that lead to the most improvement in study over 4 years with 8 popular mobile browsers, loading page performance, so that researchers and practitioners can over 250K Web pages, to isolate the effect of different factors determine not only where to focus their attention, but whether on page load improvements. Using a combination of record- and-replay proxies, historical data from the Internet archive, these performance benefits are available to all users who load and specifications about current and past network speeds, we pages on devices and networks with diverse capacities. -
Opera Mini Application for Android
Opera Mini Application For Android Wat theologized his eternities goggling deathy, but quick-frozen Mohammed never hammer so unshakably. Fain and neverfringillid headline Tyrone sonever lambently. reapplied his proles! Tracie meows his bibulousness underdevelop someplace, but unrimed Ephrayim This application lies in early on this one knows of applications stored securely for example by that? Viber account to provide only be deactivated since then. Opera Mini is a super lightweight browser that loads web pages faster than what every other browser available. Opera Mini Browser Latest News Photos Videos on Opera. The Opera Mini for Android lets you do everything you any to online without wasting your fireplace plan It's stand fast safe mobile web browser that saves you tons of. Analysis of tomorrow with a few other. The mini application for opera android open multiple devices. Just with our site on a view flash drives against sim swap scammers? Thanks for better alternative software included in multitasking is passionate about how do you can browse, including sms charges may not part of mail and features. Other download option for opera mini Hospedajes Mirta. Activating it for you are you want. Opera mini 16 beta android app has a now released and before downloading the read or full review covering all the features here. It only you sign into your web page title is better your computer. The Opera Mini works the tender as tide original Opera for Android This app update features a similar appearance and functionality but thrive now displays Facebook. With google pixel exclusive skin smoothing makeover tool uses of your computer in total, control a light. -
Release Notes (PDF)
RELEASE NOTES April 2020 Elcomsoft Internet Password Breaker Version 3.10 Elcomsoft Internet Password Breaker instantly extracts passwords, stored forms and AutoComplete information from popular Web browsers and email clients. Obtain individual passwords or export all data in order to build a perfect custom dictionary for password recovery attacks performed with other tools. Summary In this release, Elcomsoft Internet Password Breaker receives an update to add compatibility with the newest addition to the Web browser family. This release introduces support for the latest Chromium-based Microsoft Edge browser for both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows editions. In addition, the tool was updated to support the latest builds of Google Chrome, Opera and Chromium. Essential updates The Chrome update The latest versions of Chrome no longer employ Microsoft DPAPI for protecting stored passwords. Instead, the passwords are protected with industry-standard AES 256 GCM encryption, while DPAPI is only used to protect the vault encryption key. The latest versions of Opera, Chromium, and new Microsoft Edge browsers are based on the same encryption scheme. Elcomsoft Internet Password Breaker 3.10 was updated to support the latest encryption scheme employed in the latest versions of Chromium-based Web browsers. Microsoft Edge (Chromium edition) With Microsoft planning to ship the new Chromium-based Edge browser with every Windows installation, Microsoft Edge can become Chrome’s major competitor. Thanks to using the same engine as Google Chrome, Microsoft is offering a straightforward migration path by importing data including stored passwords in a click of a button. New Elcomsoft Internet Password Breaker 3.10 retrieves user-saved and synchronized passwords from the new Microsoft Edge (Chromium) browser, both 32-bit and 64-bit. -
Znetlive SSL Compatible Applications, Platforms & Operating
ZNetLive SSL Compatible Applications, Platforms & Operating Systems Certificate Authority Root Apple MAC OS 9.0+ (circa 2002), includes 10.5.X and 10.6.X Future proof at 2048 bit, embedded in all Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, 7 and 8 (all devices and browsers and capable of upgrading versions inc 32/64 bit) weak encryption to a strong one is the most reliable Certificate Authority Root-GlobalSign. It is very important to ensure a flawless interaction of your online solutions with Default API Support within Hosting Control customers making connection with your web Panels server, reading emails, trusting your e- Ubersmith documents or running your code. Every WHMCS standard machine that uses trust of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), e.g. S/MIME, SSL/TLS, Document Signing and Code Signing, has GlobalSign’s Root Certification present in it. Email Clients (S/MIME) ZNetLive’s SSL Certificates authenticated by GlobalSign have 2048 bit strength throughout Mulberry Mail complete Digital Certificate portfolio and Microsoft Outlook 99+ comply with recommendations of National Microsoft Entourage (OS/X) Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Qualcomm Eudora 6.2+ according to which all cryptographic keys Mozilla Thunderbird 1.0+ should be 2048 bit strength from 2011 onwards. Mail.app Anything weaker than 2048 bit encryption is Lotus Notes (6+) considered insecure. Because of this, the Netscape Communicator 4.51+ Certification Authorities and Browsers insists The Bat that all the EV SSL Certificates should be 2048 Apple Mail bit encryption. -
HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014
HTTP cookie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 14/05/2014 Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search HTTP cookie From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Navigation A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser HTTP Main page cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a Persistence · Compression · HTTPS · Contents user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time Request methods Featured content the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · Current events server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT · PATCH · Random article Donate to Wikipedia were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember Header fields Wikimedia Shop stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the Cookie · ETag · Location · HTTP referer · DNT user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, · X-Forwarded-For · Interaction or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months Status codes or years ago). 301 Moved Permanently · 302 Found · Help 303 See Other · 403 Forbidden · About Wikipedia Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on 404 Not Found · [2] Community portal the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party v · t · e · Recent changes tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term Contact page records of individuals' browsing histories—a potential privacy concern that prompted European[3] and U.S. -
Product System Requirements and Compatibility Matrix
Product System Requirements and Compatibility Matrix Before installing Encompass or other products offered by Ellie Mae, verify the system requirements detailed in this document. When installing Encompass, additional third-party applications (such as Amyuni PDF Converter) are installed by the Encompass Installation Manager if the applications are not already on your computer. System requirements are subject to change as Ellie Mae updates the softw are to accommodate new features and regulation requirements. This compatibility matrix provides information about the interoperability of the Ellie Mae suite of products and various components, operating systems, brow sers, and other products. Refer to this Legend to understand the Recommended, Supported, Not Supported, and Incompatible designations in the matrices. Legend Key Meaning Recommended Fully Supported. We recommend this combined platform for the best experience. Supported We support usage of this version and will fix issues that are found. Not Supported We have not tested and do not support usage of this version, however, it has been known to be used successfully at some customer sites. Incompatible We have tested this version and it does not work with our solution. NOTE: Minimum requirements are based on the computer running the operating system, the Microsoft Office application and Encompass. Other applications running on the computer have their own requirements that need to be taken into consideration. Minimum Internet connection requirements are based on average bandwidth usage. Bandwidth usage varies based on the number of users accessing items over the Internet, as well as the Encompass features and other applications being accessed over the Internet. In general, additional bandwidth will improve the user experience during peak usage periods, for example, during month-end closing. -
Web Browser Pioneer Backs New Way to Surf Internet (Update 2) 7 November 2010, by MICHAEL LIEDTKE , AP Technology Writer
Web browser pioneer backs new way to surf Internet (Update 2) 7 November 2010, By MICHAEL LIEDTKE , AP Technology Writer (AP) -- The Web has changed a lot since Marc Facebook's imprint also is all over RockMelt, Andreessen revolutionized the Internet with the although the two companies' only business introduction of his Netscape browser in the connection so far is Andreessen. He also serves on mid-1990s. That's why he's betting people are Facebook's board of directors. ready to try a different Web-surfing technique on a new browser called RockMelt. RockMelt only works if you have a Facebook account. That restriction still gives RockMelt plenty The browser, available for the first time Monday, is of room to grow, given Facebook has more than built on the premise that most online activity today 500 million users. revolves around socializing on Facebook, searching on Google, tweeting on Twitter and After Facebook users log on RockMelt with their monitoring a handful of favorite websites. It tries to Facebook account information, the person's minimize the need to roam from one website to the Facebook profile picture is planted in the browser's next by corralling all vital information and favorite left hand corner and a list of favorite friends can be services in panes and drop-down windows. displayed in the browser's left hand pane. There's also a built-in tool for posting updates in a pop-up "This is a chance for us to build a browser all over box. again," Andreessen said. "These are all things we would have done (at Netscape) if we had known The features extend beyond Facebook and Twitter. -
Automated Testing Clinic Follow-Up: Capybara-Webkit Vs. Poltergeist/Phantomjs | Engineering in Focus
Automated Testing Clinic follow-up: capybara-webkit vs. polter... https://behindthefandoor.wordpress.com/2014/03/02/automated-... Engineering in Focus the Fandor engineering blog Automated Testing Clinic follow-up: capybara-webkit vs. poltergeist/PhantomJS with 2 comments In my presentation at the February Automated Testing SF meetup I (Dave Schweisguth) noted some problems with Fandor’s testing setup and that we were working to fix them. Here’s an update on our progress. The root cause of several of our problems was that some of the almost 100 @javascript scenarios in our Cucumber test suite weren’t running reliably. They failed occasionally regardless of environment, they failed more on slower CPUs (e.g. MacBook Pros only a couple of years old), when they failed they sometimes hung forever, and when we killed them they left behind webkit-server processes (we were using the capybara-webkit driver) which, if not cleaned up, would poison subsequent runs. Although we’ve gotten pretty good at fixing flaky Cucumber scenarios, we’d been stumped on this little handful. We gave up, tagged them @non_ci and excluded them from our build. But they were important scenarios, so we had to run them manually before deploying. (We weren’t going to just not run them: some of those scenarios tested our subscription process, and we would be fools to deploy a build that for all we knew wouldn’t allow new users to subscribe to Fandor!) That made our release process slower and more error-prone. It occurred to me that I could patch the patch and change our deployment process to require that the @non_ci scenarios had been run (by adding a git tag when those scenarios were run and checking for it when deploying), but before I could put that in to play a new problem appeared. -
In This Issue Monthly Meeting
Monthly Meeting January 28, 2004 The Apple Store Westfarms Mall Panther demo, hands-on G5 trials, great deals, etc. NEWSLETTER OF CONNECTICUT MACINTOSH CONNECTION, INC.JANUARY, 2004 Danger! iPod Could instead of making her surface was clear. Inspection of the wait to Christmas for it. car revealed the side walls on both Be Hazardous To After all, if I didn’t, I passenger tires were torn, and one rim Your Health! would have to burn 25 was badly chewed up. She had Mouse Tales CDs so she could lis- obviously tangled both right wheels By Don Dickey, president ten to the new book! with the curb, but why? Answer: iPod There was a single distraction. Whenever a good deal condition to my gift, appears, I often call Joe Arcuri however. Before shelling out $640 for a new and ask him to “talk me out of chrome plated alloy rim and half that it” if he can. He sometimes does the same with me. The iPod I ordered for a pair of new tires, I realized just Simultaneous failures arrived a couple of how lucky we were. This was a lesson led us to both purchase Umax days before Joe’s, so she walked away from. Had it clones and scanners, Wallstreet one morning I met him and his daugh- happened on Interstate 91 at 65 miles PowerBook G3s, Toshiba M4 digital ter Savannah for breakfast and per hour, things could have been cameras, PowerBook G4s, PowerBoy brought along the iPod to show him. much more tragic, to say the least.