Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking January 2020 Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking
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Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking January 2020 Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking January 2020 Dan Murray Senior Vice President American Transportation Research Institute Minneapolis, MN 950 N. Glebe Road, Suite 210 Arlington, Virginia 22203 TruckingResearch.org ATRI BOARD OF DIRECTORS Judy McReynolds Benjamin J. McLean Chairman of the ATRI Board Chief Executive Officer Chairman, President and Chief Ruan Transportation Management Executive Officer Systems ArcBest Corporation Des Moines, IA Fort Smith, AR Dennis Nash Andrew Boyle Executive Chairman of the Board Co-President Kenan Advantage Group Boyle Transportation North Canton, OH Billerica, MA James D. Reed Hugh Ekberg President and CEO President and CEO USA Truck CRST International, Inc. Van Buren, AR Cedar Rapids, IA Annette Sandberg Darren D. Hawkins President and CEO Chief Executive Officer Transsafe Consulting, LLC YRC Worldwide Davenport, WA Overland Park, KS John A. Smith Dave Huneryager President and CEO President and CEO FedEx Freight Tennessee Trucking Association Memphis, TN Nashville, TN Rebecca Brewster Derek Leathers President and COO President and CEO ATRI Werner Enterprises Atlanta, GA Omaha, NE Chris Spear Robert E. Low President and CEO President and Founder American Trucking Associations Prime Inc. Arlington, VA Springfield, MO Rich McArdle President UPS Freight Richmond, VA ATRI RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE Karen Rasmussen, RAC Stephen Laskowski Steven Raetz Chairman President Dir. Research & Market Chief Executive Officer Canadian Trucking Alliance Intelligence PrePass Safety Alliance C.H. Robinson Worldwide, Inc. Don Lefeve Michael Ahart President and CEO Jeremy Reymer VP, Regulatory Affairs Commercial Vehicle Training Founder and CEO Omnitracs LLC Association DriverReach Thomas A. Balzer, CAE Kevin Lhotak Lee Sarratt President and CEO President Director of Safety Ohio Trucking Association Reliable Transportation J.B. Hunt Specialists Shawn R. Brown, CDS Mark Savage Vice President of Safety Mike Ludwick Deputy Chief Cargo Transporters Bison Transport Colorado State Patrol Chief Administrative Officer Kenneth Calhoun Kary Schaefer Fleet Optimization Manager Douglas B. Marcello, Esq General Manager of Marketing Altec Service Group Transportation Attorney and Strategy for Freightliner Marcello & Kivisto, LLC and Detroit Brands Alison Conway, Ph.D. Daimler Trucks North America, Assistant Professor Jaime Maus LLC The City College of New York Vice President of Safety and Compliance Russ Simpson Robert P. Costello Werner Enterprises, Inc. America’s Road Team Captain Chief Economist and Senior Holland Vice President, Caroline Mays International Trade Policy and Director, Freight and Mike Stephens Cross-Border Operations International Trade Section Vice President of Finance American Trucking Texas DOT USA Truck, Inc. Associations Shannon Newton Collin Stewart Dan Drella President President and CEO Director, Safety and Training Arkansas Trucking Association Stewart Transport, Inc. Schneider National, Inc. Steve Olson Sara Walfoort James P. Fields President and Chief Manager, Freight Planning Chief Operating Officer Underwriting Officer Southwestern Pennsylvania Pitt-Ohio, LLC Great West Casualty Company Commission Victoria King Holly Pixler Tom Weakley VP, Public Affairs Senior Director Transportation, Director of Operations UPS Warehousing and International Owner-Operator Independent MillerCoors Drivers Association Foundation James Langley President John Prewitt Shawn Yadon Trimble Transportation President Chief Executive Officer Tideport Distributing, Inc. California Trucking Association TABLE OF ACRONYMS ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems AAMVA American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ATRI American Transportation Research Institute ATA American Trucking Associations AUTO-ISAC Automotive Information Sharing and Analysis Center ADS Automated Driving Systems AT Autonomous Trucks AV Autonomous Vehicles AV 2.0 “Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety” AV 3.0 "Preparing for the Future of Transportation: Automated Vehicles 3.0" AV 4.0 “Ensuring American Leadership in Automated Vehicle Technologies: Automated Vehicles 4.0” C-V2X Cellular V2X CDL Commercial Driver’s License CMV Commercial Motor Vehicle CVSA Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance DSRC Dedicated short-range communications DHS Department of Homeland Security DGPS Differential Global Positioning System ELD Electronic Logging Device FCC Federal Communications Commission FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMCSRs Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FTC Federal Trade Commission FAV Fully Autonomous Vehicle GPS Global Positioning System GVW Gross Vehicle Weight HAV Highly Automated Vehicle HOS Hours-of-Service ISAC Information Sharing and Analysis Center IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISO International Organization for Standardization MUTCD Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices NACTO National Association of City Transportation Officials NCSL National Conference of State Legislatures NCCIC National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology ODD Operational Design Domain OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers TMC Technology & Maintenance Council U.S. DOC U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. DOT U.S. Department of Transportation OST U.S. Department of Transportation Office of the Secretary V2X Vehicle-to-Everything V2I Vehicle-to-Infrastructure V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle VSSA Voluntary Safety Self-Assessment 1 Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking TABLE OF CONTENTS RESEARCH OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 FEDERAL GUIDANCE ................................................................................................... 6 Legislation ............................................................................................................ 6 Regulatory Jurisdictions and Roles ...................................................................... 8 United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) ......................... 8 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ...................... 10 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) .......................... 11 Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) .............................................. 13 AV Policy Issues ................................................................................................. 13 Cooperative Automation and Connectivity ............................................. 13 Pilot Testing and Proving Grounds ........................................................ 15 Cybersecurity ......................................................................................... 17 Data Privacy .......................................................................................... 19 Implications of Enforcement and Human Interaction ............................. 20 Technical Standards .............................................................................. 20 STATE AND LOCAL ACTION ...................................................................................... 24 Best Practices ..................................................................................................... 24 State Legislatures .................................................................................. 24 State and Local Safety Guidance .......................................................... 25 State Policy Progress Report.............................................................................. 27 Definitions .............................................................................................. 27 Regulatory Hierarchy ............................................................................. 29 Licensing and Registration .................................................................... 30 Insurance and Liability ........................................................................... 31 Data Privacy and Cybersecurity ............................................................ 32 Operator Requirements ......................................................................... 34 Current Status of AV Testing and Operations on Public Roadways ...... 35 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 38 APPENDIX A: TIMELINE OF DOT REGULATORY ACTIONS ON TRUCKING AV .... 40 APPENDIX B. AUTOMATED VEHICLE REGULATION BY STATE ............................ 42 Redefining the Role of Government Activities in Automated Trucking 2 FIGURES AND TABLES Table 1. U.S. DOT and U.S. DOC Roles in Proposed AV Legislation ........................ 7 Table 2. Benefits and Challenges of U.S. DOT Policies in AV 3.0 ............................. 9 Figure 1. States Hosting or Planning AV Pilot Tests ................................................ 15 Figure 2. SAE J3016 Automated-Driving Levels ......................................................