Documentation of the Kullui Language: Problems, Results, Prospects
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2001 Presented Below Is an Alphabetical Abstract of Languages A
Hindi Version Home | Login | Tender | Sitemap | Contact Us Search this Quick ABOUT US Site Links Hindi Version Home | Login | Tender | Sitemap | Contact Us Search this Quick ABOUT US Site Links Census 2001 STATEMENT 1 ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2001 Presented below is an alphabetical abstract of languages and the mother tongues with speakers' strength of 10,000 and above at the all India level, grouped under each language. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues. The 22 languages PART A - Languages specified in the Eighth Schedule (Scheduled Languages) Name of language and Number of persons who returned the Name of language and Number of persons who returned the mother tongue(s) language (and the mother tongues mother tongue(s) language (and the mother tongues grouped under each grouped under each) as their mother grouped under each grouped under each) as their mother language tongue language tongue 1 2 1 2 1 ASSAMESE 13,168,484 13 Dhundhari 1,871,130 1 Assamese 12,778,735 14 Garhwali 2,267,314 Others 389,749 15 Gojri 762,332 16 Harauti 2,462,867 2 BENGALI 83,369,769 17 Haryanvi 7,997,192 1 Bengali 82,462,437 18 Hindi 257,919,635 2 Chakma 176,458 19 Jaunsari 114,733 3 Haijong/Hajong 63,188 20 Kangri 1,122,843 4 Rajbangsi 82,570 21 Khairari 11,937 Others 585,116 22 Khari Boli 47,730 23 Khortha/ Khotta 4,725,927 3 BODO 1,350,478 24 Kulvi 170,770 1 Bodo/Boro 1,330,775 25 Kumauni 2,003,783 Others 19,703 26 Kurmali Thar 425,920 27 Labani 22,162 4 DOGRI 2,282,589 28 Lamani/ Lambadi 2,707,562 -
Multilingual Practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India)
Multilingual practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India) Julia V. Mazurova, the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences Project participants Himachali Pahari Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui Fieldwork research Kullui – an Indo-Aryan language of the Himachali Pahari (also known as Western Pahari) • Expedition 2014 Fund of Fundamental Linguistic Research, project 2014 “Documentation of Kullui (Western Pahari)”, supervisor Julia Mazurova • Expedition 2016 Russian State Fund for Scientific Research № 16-34-01040 «Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui», supervisor Elena Knyazeva Goals of the research Linguistic goals • Documentation of Kullui on the modern linguistic and technical level: dictionary, corpus of morphologically glossed texts with audio and video recordings. • Theoretical research of the Kullui phonology and grammar • Fieldwork research of the Himachali dialectal continuum • Description of the areal and typological features of the Himachali dialectal continuum Goals of the research Socio-linguistic goals • Linguistic situation in the region. Functional domains of the languages • Geographical location of the Kullui language • Differences between Kullui and neighbor dialects • Choosing informants • Evaluating of the language knowledge of the speakers • Language vitality • Variation in Kullui depending on age, gender, social level, education and other factors Linguistic situation in India ➢ Official languages of the Union Government of India – Hindi and English ➢ Scheduled languages (in States of India) -
Mapping India's Language and Mother Tongue Diversity and Its
Mapping India’s Language and Mother Tongue Diversity and its Exclusion in the Indian Census Dr. Shivakumar Jolad1 and Aayush Agarwal2 1FLAME University, Lavale, Pune, India 2Centre for Social and Behavioural Change, Ashoka University, New Delhi, India Abstract In this article, we critique the process of linguistic data enumeration and classification by the Census of India. We map out inclusion and exclusion under Scheduled and non-Scheduled languages and their mother tongues and their representation in state bureaucracies, the judiciary, and education. We highlight that Census classification leads to delegitimization of ‘mother tongues’ that deserve the status of language and official recognition by the state. We argue that the blanket exclusion of languages and mother tongues based on numerical thresholds disregards the languages of about 18.7 million speakers in India. We compute and map the Linguistic Diversity Index of India at the national and state levels and show that the exclusion of mother tongues undermines the linguistic diversity of states. We show that the Hindi belt shows the maximum divergence in Language and Mother Tongue Diversity. We stress the need for India to officially acknowledge the linguistic diversity of states and make the Census classification and enumeration to reflect the true Linguistic diversity. Introduction India and the Indian subcontinent have long been known for their rich diversity in languages and cultures which had baffled travelers, invaders, and colonizers. Amir Khusru, Sufi poet and scholar of the 13th century, wrote about the diversity of languages in Northern India from Sindhi, Punjabi, and Gujarati to Telugu and Bengali (Grierson, 1903-27, vol. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
BHADARWAHI:AT YPOLOGICAL SKETCH Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI
BHADARWAHI: A TYPOLOGICAL SKETCH Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, India [email protected] Abstract This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb. Keywords: Indo-Aryan; less documented; SOV; aspiration; infixation Povzetek Članek je nekakšen daljši povzetek fonoloških in morfosintaktičnih značilnosti jezika badarvahi, enega izmed članov indo-arijske jezikovne družine. Badarvahi je manj poznan in slabo dokumentiran jezik z območja Doda v regiji Jammu v Kašmirju. Tipološko je zanj značilen dominanten osebek in besedni red: osebek, predmet, povedek. Glagoli se povečini ujemajo s samostalniškimi frazami, ki lahko v stavku zavzemajo katerikoli položaj ne da bi spremenile pomen stavka. Nadaljna značilnost jezika badarvahi je tudi to, da indirektni predmeti ponavadi stojijo pred direktnimi predmeti. -
Ethno-Linguistic Diversity and Urban Agglomeration LSE Research Online URL for This Paper: Version: Accepted Version
Ethno-linguistic diversity and urban agglomeration LSE Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/104513/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Eberle, Ulrich, Henderson, J. Vernon, Rohner, Dominic and Schmidheiny, Kurt (2020) Ethno-linguistic diversity and urban agglomeration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ISSN 1091-6490 (In Press) Reuse Items deposited in LSE Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the LSE Research Online record for the item. [email protected] https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/ Ethno-Linguistic Diversity and Urban Agglomeration Ulrich J. Eberlea,b,1,2, J. Vernon Hendersona,1,2, Dominic Rohnerb,1,2, and Kurt Schmidheinyc,1,2 aLondon School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, Houghton Street, London WC2A2AE, UK.; bUniversity of Lausanne, Department of Economics, Internef, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; cUniversity of Basel, Faculty of Business and Economics, Peter Merian-Weg 6, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. This manuscript was compiled on May 14, 2020 1 This article shows that higher ethno-linguistic diversity is associated are also in the top 3% of degree of diversity by provinces 36 2 with a greater risk of social tensions and conflict, which in turn is a worldwide and Nagaland is at the center of India’s well known 37 3 dispersion force lowering urbanization and the incentives to move to on-going conflict in its Northeast. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Tajiki Tajiki Tajiki Shughni Southern Pashto Shughni Tajiki Wakhi Wakhi Wakhi Mandarin Chinese Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Wakhi Domaaki Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Khowar Khowar Khowar Kati Yidgha Eastern Farsi Munji Kalasha Kati KatiKati Phalura Kalami Indus Kohistani Shina Kati Prasuni Kamviri Dameli Kalami Languages of the Gawar-Bati To rw al i Chilisso Waigali Gawar-Bati Ushojo Kohistani Shina Balti Parachi Ashkun Tregami Gowro Northwest Pashayi Southwest Pashayi Grangali Bateri Ladakhi Northeast Pashayi Southeast Pashayi Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Aimaq Parya Northern Hindko Kashmiri Northern Pashto Purik Hazaragi Ladakhi Indian Subcontinent Changthang Ormuri Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Bhadrawahi Zangskari Southern Hindko Kashmiri Ladakhi Pangwali Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Ormuri Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Southern Pashto Ladakhi Central Pashto Khams Tibetan Kullu Pahari KinnauriBhoti Kinnauri Sunam Majhi Western Panjabi Mandeali Jangshung Tukpa Bilaspuri Chitkuli Kinnauri Mahasu Pahari Eastern Panjabi Panang Jaunsari Western Balochi Southern Pashto Garhwali Khetrani Hazaragi Humla Rawat Central Tibetan Waneci Rawat Brahui Seraiki DarmiyaByangsi ChaudangsiDarmiya Western Balochi Kumaoni Chaudangsi Mugom Dehwari Bagri Nepali Dolpo Haryanvi Jumli Urdu Buksa Lowa Raute Eastern Balochi Tichurong Seke Sholaga Kaike Raji Rana Tharu Sonha Nar Phu ChantyalThakali Seraiki Raji Western Parbate Kham Manangba Tibetan Kathoriya Tharu Tibetan Eastern Parbate Kham Nubri Marwari Ts um Gamale Kham Eastern -
Cultural & Migration Tables, Part II-C, Volume-XX, Himachal Pradesh
CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUME XX HI,MACHAL PRADESH PART II-C CULTURAL & MIGRATION TABLES RAM CHANDRA PAL SINGH of tbe Indian Administrative Service Superintendent of Census Operations~ HitIl~ch~l Pfadesh oENS U S 0 F IN D I A 1 9 6 I-P U B L lOA T ION 8 Central Government Publications 1961 Oensu$ Report, Volume XX-Himachal Pradesh, will be in tM following Parts- I-A General Repor,t I-B Report on Vital Statistics and Fertility Survey. 1-0 Subsidiary Tables II-A General Population Tables and Primary Census Abstracts II-B Economic Tables II·O Cultural !lnd JIigration Ta.ble~ (The present part) III HOlWehold Economic Tables IV ReiIOI, and Tab'e 1 on Housing and Establishments Y·}' SpDi11 Tables on S hduled Ca~tes and Scheduled Tribes (including reprint~) Y·B(I) . EchuoJraphio note~ on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Y-B(U) A' tudy of G,1.ddi ·-A Scheduled Tribe-and affiliated castes by Prof, JYilliam H. Newell n Villu,;o t:\U\q Monographs (36 villages) VII·A . SilI'vey of Selected Handicrafts YII-B . Fairs and Festivals YIII·A Admini~tmtive &.port on Enumeration (For official use only) VIII-B Administrative Report on Tabulation (For official use only) IX Atla) of Himacha.l Prade1h HIMAOHAL PRADESH GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS District Handbook-Chamba District Handbook-Mandi District Handbook-Bilaspur District Handbook-Mahasu District Handbook-Sirmur District Handbook-:-Kinnaur PAGES Preface v I~TRODUCTION C SERIES-CULTURAL TABLES VII T.\BLE C-I Composition of Sample Households by Relationship to Head of Family Classified by Size of Land Cultivated . -
Linguistic Studies from the Himalayas
UC-NRLF B M D27 0M2 n&roHffiKa LINGUISTIC STUDIES FROM THE HIMALAYAS . Hsiatic Society) flDonograpbs VOL. XVIII LINGUISTIC STUDIES FROM THE HIMALAYAS BEING STUDIES IN THE GRAMMAR OF FIFTEEN HIMALAYAN DIALECTS BY THE REV. T. GRAHAME.BAILKY, r ii B.D., M.A.. M.R.A.S., late fellow of the panjab university LONDON PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCI1 TV 74, GROSVENOR STREET, W. 1. 1920. STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD PRINTERS, HERTFORD. — PREFACE This work is a continuation and, so far as some districts are concerned, a completion of Vol. XII of the Society's Monographs, entitled The Languages of the Nortltem Himalayas. There will be found in these pages studies in about fifteen languages or dialects, making along with those in the other volume a total of forty-one. The linguistic distribution is as follows : Tibeto-Burman : two languages, Purik and Lower Kanauri and the Chitkhuli dialect. Lahnda : two dialects, Kagani and the Bahramgala dialect. Western Pahari : nine dialects in three groups, viz., five Koci dialects from Bashahr, spoken in Rohru, Rampur, Baghi, Siirkhuli Pargana, and Dodra Kuar ; two from Jubba], north and south ; two from Suket, Eastern Suketi and Suket Siraji. PUnjabl : two dialects spoken in Bilaspur and Nalagarh, divided into six sub-dialects. There are also notes on the secret vocabularies of the Qalandar, who are conjurers and trainers of monkeys and bears, the Qasal or butchers, and of Panjabi gamblers. The vocabulary of the first-named is fairly complete. The others are very brief, but probably the total number of secret words is small. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Mandarin Chinese Evenki Oroqen Tuva China Buriat Russian Southern Altai Oroqen Mongolia Buriat Oroqen Russian Evenki Russian Evenki Mongolia Buriat Kalmyk-Oirat Oroqen Kazakh China Buriat Kazakh Evenki Daur Oroqen Tuva Nanai Khakas Evenki Tuva Tuva Nanai Languages of China Mongolia Buriat Tuva Manchu Tuva Daur Nanai Russian Kazakh Kalmyk-Oirat Russian Kalmyk-Oirat Halh Mongolian Manchu Salar Korean Ta tar Kazakh Kalmyk-Oirat Northern UzbekTuva Russian Ta tar Uyghur SalarNorthern Uzbek Ta tar Northern Uzbek Northern Uzbek RussianTa tar Korean Manchu Xibe Northern Uzbek Uyghur Xibe Uyghur Uyghur Peripheral Mongolian Manchu Dungan Dungan Dungan Dungan Peripheral Mongolian Dungan Kalmyk-Oirat Manchu Russian Manchu Manchu Kyrgyz Manchu Manchu Manchu Northern Uzbek Manchu Manchu Manchu Manchu Manchu Korean Kyrgyz Northern Uzbek West Yugur Peripheral Mongolian Ainu Sarikoli West Yugur Manchu Ainu Jinyu Chinese East Yugur Ainu Kyrgyz Ta jik i Sarikoli East Yugur Sarikoli Sarikoli Northern Uzbek Wakhi Wakhi Kalmyk-Oirat Wakhi Kyrgyz Kalmyk-Oirat Wakhi Kyrgyz Ainu Tu Wakhi Wakhi Khowar Tu Wakhi Uyghur Korean Khowar Domaaki Khowar Tu Bonan Bonan Salar Dongxiang Shina Chilisso Kohistani Shina Balti Ladakhi Japanese Northern Pashto Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Amdo Tibetan Northern Hindko Kashmiri Purik Choni Ladakhi Changthang Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Japanese Bhadrawahi Zangskari Kashmiri Baima Ladakhi Pangwali Mandarin Chinese Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Japanese Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Ladakhi Northern Qiang -
A Neural Approach to Indo-Aryan Historical Phonology and Subgrouping
Disentangling dialects: a neural approach to Indo-Aryan historical phonology and subgrouping Chundra A. Cathcart1,2 and Taraka Rama3 1Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich 2Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich 3Department of Linguistics, University of North Texas [email protected], [email protected] Abstract seeks to move further towards closing this gap. We use an LSTM-based encoder-decoder architecture This paper seeks to uncover patterns of sound to analyze a large data set of OIA etyma (ancestral change across Indo-Aryan languages using an LSTM encoder-decoder architecture. We aug- forms) and medieval/modern Indo-Aryan reflexes ment our models with embeddings represent- (descendant forms) extracted from a digitized et- ing language ID, part of speech, and other fea- ymological dictionary, with the goal of inferring tures such as word embeddings. We find that a patterns of sound change from input/output string highly augmented model shows highest accu- pairs. We use language embeddings with the goal racy in predicting held-out forms, and inves- of capturing individual languages’ historical phono- tigate other properties of interest learned by logical behavior. We augment this basic model with our models’ representations. We outline exten- additional embeddings that may help in capturing sions to this architecture that can better capture variation in Indo-Aryan sound change. irregular patterns of sound change not captured by language embeddings; -
Abstract of Speakers' Strength of Languages and Mother Tongues - 2011
STATEMENT-1 ABSTRACT OF SPEAKERS' STRENGTH OF LANGUAGES AND MOTHER TONGUES - 2011 Presented below is an alphabetical abstract of languages and the mother tongues with speakers' strength of 10,000 and above at the all India level, grouped under each language. There are a total of 121 languages and 270 mother tongues. The 22 languages specified in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India are given in Part A and languages other than those specified in the Eighth Schedule (numbering 99) are given in Part B. PART-A LANGUAGES SPECIFIED IN THE EIGHTH SCHEDULE (SCHEDULED LANGUAGES) Name of Language & mother tongue(s) Number of persons who Name of Language & mother tongue(s) Number of persons who grouped under each language returned the language (and grouped under each language returned the language (and the mother tongues the mother tongues grouped grouped under each) as under each) as their mother their mother tongue) tongue) 1 2 1 2 1 ASSAMESE 1,53,11,351 Gawari 19,062 Assamese 1,48,16,414 Gojri/Gujjari/Gujar 12,27,901 Others 4,94,937 Handuri 47,803 Hara/Harauti 29,44,356 2 BENGALI 9,72,37,669 Haryanvi 98,06,519 Bengali 9,61,77,835 Hindi 32,22,30,097 Chakma 2,28,281 Jaunpuri/Jaunsari 1,36,779 Haijong/Hajong 71,792 Kangri 11,17,342 Rajbangsi 4,75,861 Khari Boli 50,195 Others 2,83,900 Khortha/Khotta 80,38,735 Kulvi 1,96,295 3 BODO 14,82,929 Kumauni 20,81,057 Bodo 14,54,547 Kurmali Thar 3,11,175 Kachari 15,984 Lamani/Lambadi/Labani 32,76,548 Mech/Mechhia 11,546 Laria 89,876 Others 852 Lodhi 1,39,180 Magadhi/Magahi 1,27,06,825 4 DOGRI 25,96,767