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Brief Notes on Mother Tongues , Punjab

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CIENSlJJS Of DNDIA 1971 PUNJAB BRIEF NOTES ON MOTHER TONGUES (Based on 1961 Returns) By 315.455 R. C. NIGAM 1971 ~NT REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA IF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA Mot Ton (LANGUAGE DIVISION) LIST OF MOTHER-TONGUES (1961) PUNJAB SI. Name of Mother­ Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 Adivasi ( Adibasi, Could be helpful if ~J(.ci­ Adiwasi) fic tribal/community name could be linked up with mother-tongue name. '2 AfghanijKabuli/ ~GorTol t~T~:81 jU'tl"3.' Pakhto/Pashto/ u;:;i'a!uo Tol Pathani 3 African Return is after the name of the continent. Spe­ cificmother-tongue names will have to be as­ certained. 4 Aia Alam Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 5 Almori 6 Anal "POC3 7 Arabic/Arbi »{CI~l In 1961 Census some Urdu speakers also had returned Arabic/ Arbi as their mother- tongue. S Assamese ( Assami) WF[ll-il 9 Awadhi { Avadi) »{~l 10 Baghelkhandi ~ti18ci~1 (Bhugelkhud) 2 SI. Name of Mother­ Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 11 Bagri ( Bagari, Bagria, Bahgri ) 12 Bagri-Rajasthani ~TaJ~l-'aTtlRe: T'()l 13 Bahawalpuri ~T~'Sy''al 14 Baliai ( BaHam) e 81",,1 E1 15 Balochi/Baluchi ri~l 16 Bangaru ( Bangru, ~taJil. If returned again in Banger, Bangri) 1971, then location of speakers at the village level need be specified. 17 Baori (Bawria, ~l){a1 The name of at least Bawaria, Boari, one village of their Boria) concentration from the state will be required to be noted. 18 Bashahri (Bhashehri. ~ij~al In 1961 Census was Bushaitlari) grouped with Kiunthali. 19 Belgian ~c5tr1llio The Mother-tongue re­ turn is after the name of the country. Speci­ fic language name viz•• Dutch or Flemish. French. etc., as Mother­ tongue return would be more useful. 20 Bengali ( BangIa. Bangali)· 21 Bhadrawahi (BhadarwaIi) 22 Bhandari (Bandari) e~TOl In 1961 Census was grouped with Marathi. 23 Bharati (Bharti) . 'BTOal More specific Mother­ tongue will have to be ascertained. 3 Sl. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 24 Bharmauri/Gaddi ~"roHol (Oadi) 25 Bhattiani (Bhatwan) ~fC>l-{lo1 26 Bhili ~l81 27 Bhojpuri (Bajpuri) ~iit101 28 Bhopali Appears to have been returned after the name of the city of Bhopal to which the individual might have belonged. So actual Mother-tongue name need be ascer­ tained. 29 Bhotia-Unspecified It would be better if (Bhodi, Bhoti) specific Mother-tongue names are available. Even specific tribal/ community name of Bhotia group will be helpful. 30 Bhutani 31 Bihari Blanket sort of name covering well known languages like Maithili, Bhojpuri, Majahi etc. 32 Bodo/Boro ai/aa 33 BoIti Zaban aB"3'l 'HaTo Unclassified in 1961 Cen­ sus will need scrutiny. 34 Braj Bhasha/ Braj Bhakha (Brij) 35 Bundelkhandi 36 Burmese 4 SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 2 4 37 Cambodian If returned again then it may have to be ascertained whether French is meant. "18 CanadhL'1 .. ~~hro Name after a country where French and English arc official languages. 19 Canter If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 40 Chamrali In 1961 Census was group cd cr..der Hirdi. 41 Changru If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 42 Chibhah 43 Chinese/Chini 44 Coorgi/Kodagu (Khurgi, Kurgu, Kurug, Coorgie) 45 Danish 46 Derawa] 47 DeswaIi/Hariani .. BtRTP;l/<:rfcr);fT'Ol Location of speakers at village level need be specified. 4~ Dogri 49 Dutch 5 SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 50 Dwed Boli Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need scrutiny. 51 English Ilfora til 52 French GotH1Hl 53 Garhwali (GadwaJi, or3~T'Bl Ghadawad, Godhwali) 54 Garo OTT~ 55 German :;:JOH()l 56 Goanese (Goawari, c!pw()l Goani, Goan) 57 Gohari Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur­ ther scrutiny. ~ 58 Gorkhali ( Gorkhi).. o1ClI::(18"l Nepali and Gorkhali figures may be collec­ tively represented. 59 Greek l:i!()T()l 60 Gujarati (Gujrati) ~;:ro131 61 Gujjari O],;:rol 62 Himachali Name after a state where several known dialects are spoken. 63 Hindi 64 Hindko (Hind-Co) 65 Hindusthani 66 Ho 6 Sl. Name of Mothar­ Name ofLocal Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets .., 1 2 3 4 67 Indonesian A general name for broad geographical area where known languages like Javanese, Balinese, Batak etc. are spoken. 68 Irish )){fOl3' 69 Italian fecT~' 70 Jabakhri ;:(l=£T1:Iol Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur­ ther scrutiny. 71 Jadeji 72 Japanese 73 Jati (Jattia) Will need further scru­ tiny. 74 Jatki-Punjabi 75 Jhangi (Jhang) Was grouped under Punjabi in 1961 Census. 76 Jokhri ;11:101 Was unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur­ ther scrutiny. 77 Kachchhi (Kachi) . Cf6:1 78 Kalazan Was unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 79 Kamari ofl-Jl-al 80 Kanashi , 01''011:11 81 Kanauri fq~ol 82 Kangali (Kengali) 0I'~orT'81 Will need scrutiny. 83 Kangri 7 SI. Name of Mother- Name of Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 I 84 Kanki Unclassified in 1961 ~I Census. Will need further scrutiny. 8S Kannada ( Kanarsi, C!t'O;S Kanari, Kanarese, Kanadi, Conrise, Kanada, Kanad, Kanruse, Canarese, Canari, Canarise) 86 Kantari If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 87 Karandgam If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 88 Kashmiri 89 Khandeshi Khandeshi is the name of a district (former) only. Actual Mother­ tongue name need be ascertained. 90 Kharia 91 Khasi 92 Koukani ( Kokini Kokoni, Kookni, Koukini) 93 Kuki-Unspecified Speci,fic tribal/conunu- nit:y name may have to be linked up. 94 Kului ( Kulvi, 'C!:~1 Manali) ~ 9S Kumauni ( Kumaoni, EiHGl Kamauni) 8 Si. Name of Mother­ Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 96 Kundh Unclassified in 196 1 Census. Will nee d further scrutiny. 97 Ladakhi 98 Lahori Name after Lahore a city in Pakistan. Will need scrutiny. 99 Lahuli «(I Lahanli, Lahouli)J lOll Lande( Landay, Will need scrutiny. Landey, Lenda~) 101 Loasia Unclassi,ficd in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 102 Lushai/Mizo liE~l 103 Madrasi HBcJTl11 A blanlect sort of name covering known lan- guages like Tamil, Telugu, MaJayalam, Kannad, Tulu etc. 104 Maithili (Maestbialia) Hers', u 105 Malabar Mother tongue name after a Geographical area indicating Tamil or Malayalam. 106 Matai/MalayfMalaya/ H~IE11 Malayan 107 Malani 01 108 MaJayalaru (Malayalam, Malayami, Malyalam) 109 Mandeali 9 Sl. Name of Mother. Name of Local Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets 2 4 110 ManipurifMeithei 111 Mar Unclassified lJ1 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 112 Marathi (Maharathi, HOI01 Maharashtri) 113 Marwari HTo~r;3"1 114 MateH If returned aguin loca­ tion 0 f speake rs at village level need be specified. 115 M a thu ri Hliol 116 Mewari H~''Sl 117 Mewati ( Mawati) H~T31 118 Multani l:(B3'o1 119 Mundari ( Mumari, H.~Tol Mandari) 120 Nagari·Hindi otOTol/fti'-e-l If returned again only Hindi as Mother tongue name will be sufficient. 121 Neglo ~orEi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 122 Nepali fmllBl-1 Gorkhali and Nepali figures may be collec­ tively represented. 123 Odanwali €~o~lC?l If returned again local· tiou of speakers at village level need be specified. 124 Oriya (Odia, ~'Sl))iT Orissa, Oria, Oris, Orria, Orrian, Orriya, Urria) 10 S1. Name of Mother­ Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 125 Padari (Paddri) tlt!'al 126 Pahari-Unspecified tI~Jlsl Specific name of the spoken dialects would be more helpfut 127 "Pangwali 128 Pattani (paton) If returned again lOca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 129 Persian In 1961 Census some Urdu speakers also re­ turned Persian as their mother tongue. 130 Peshawari (Peshori) ftl"RT~o' 131 Portuguese l;!03OTT81 132 Pothwari (Pathibari, tIO~ral Pathohari) 133 Punjabi 134 Purbi (Poorbi) 'Purbi' meaning the east or 'Off the "east' is a general name. Actual Mother tongue name need be ascer­ tained. 135 Rajasthani 136 Ramdasi UnClassified in 1961 Census. Will Dced further scrutiny. 137 Rathauri 138 Roman Name of a Script. Also Italian could be meant. 139 Rovabi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will Deed further scrutiny. 11 S1. Name of Mother­ Name in Local Comment, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 140 Russian iiRl. 141 Sairi Hal If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at village level need be specified .. 142 Sankara If returned again loca­ tion of speakers at vill­ age level need be speci­ fied. 143 Sanskrit Sanskrit as a Mother tongue return need be taken with certain amount of reserve since there is no information of this language being a current spoken form. 144 Santali (Santhiali, Sentali) 145 Sasi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Win need fur­ ther scrutiny. 146 Serna (Seema) Rl-II 147 Sikkim Bhotia fRcrl-liel~' 148 Sindhi fRlll 149 SiraJi-Inner Siraji fRo'ffl (Serji, Seraja) 150 Spanish HUnl 151 Spiti ( Spitian, mita-l Spittian) 152 Swedish R~l~ol 153 Tamil 3'H'B' 154 Tandil cn~8 Unclassified in 1961 Census.
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  • Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16

    Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16

    Tajiki Tajiki Tajiki Shughni Southern Pashto Shughni Tajiki Wakhi Wakhi Wakhi Mandarin Chinese Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Wakhi Domaaki Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Khowar Khowar Khowar Kati Yidgha Eastern Farsi Munji Kalasha Kati KatiKati Phalura Kalami Indus Kohistani Shina Kati Prasuni Kamviri Dameli Kalami Languages of the Gawar-Bati To rw al i Chilisso Waigali Gawar-Bati Ushojo Kohistani Shina Balti Parachi Ashkun Tregami Gowro Northwest Pashayi Southwest Pashayi Grangali Bateri Ladakhi Northeast Pashayi Southeast Pashayi Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Aimaq Parya Northern Hindko Kashmiri Northern Pashto Purik Hazaragi Ladakhi Indian Subcontinent Changthang Ormuri Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Bhadrawahi Zangskari Southern Hindko Kashmiri Ladakhi Pangwali Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Ormuri Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Southern Pashto Ladakhi Central Pashto Khams Tibetan Kullu Pahari KinnauriBhoti Kinnauri Sunam Majhi Western Panjabi Mandeali Jangshung Tukpa Bilaspuri Chitkuli Kinnauri Mahasu Pahari Eastern Panjabi Panang Jaunsari Western Balochi Southern Pashto Garhwali Khetrani Hazaragi Humla Rawat Central Tibetan Waneci Rawat Brahui Seraiki DarmiyaByangsi ChaudangsiDarmiya Western Balochi Kumaoni Chaudangsi Mugom Dehwari Bagri Nepali Dolpo Haryanvi Jumli Urdu Buksa Lowa Raute Eastern Balochi Tichurong Seke Sholaga Kaike Raji Rana Tharu Sonha Nar Phu ChantyalThakali Seraiki Raji Western Parbate Kham Manangba Tibetan Kathoriya Tharu Tibetan Eastern Parbate Kham Nubri Marwari Ts um Gamale Kham Eastern
  • Prabháta Sam'giita

    Prabháta Sam'giita

    Prabháta Sam'giita Songs of the New Dawn A brief introduction Renaissance Artists & Writers Association A New Dawn • Prabhata Samgiita – music of a new dawn • 5018 songs • From Indian classical to folk music • Written and composed by: – Shri Prabhata Rainjana Sarkar • Between 1982 and 1990 Variety of Themes • Devotional • Mystical love • Seasons • Ecology • Social consciousness • Marching songs • Stages, feelings & experiences in spiritual meditation • Krs'n'a •Shiva Languages Used • Most songs are in Bengali • Over 40 songs are composed in other languages, including: –English –Sanskrit (language for literary & spiritual uses) –Hindi (vocabulary borrows from Sanskrit, non-Persian & non-Arabic) –Urdu (similar to elementary Hindi, vocabulary borrows from Persian & Arabic) –Angika (spoken in in Bihar, Jharkhand & West Bengal) –Maithili (spoken in North-East Bihar & Nepal) Northern-Central India Some Genres of Prabhata Samgiita • Kiirtan songs • Tappa songs • Thumri songs • Gazal songs • Kawali songs • Baul songs • Jhumur songs Kiirtan Songs • Kiirtan is a special type of devotional song style • Centres around singing about the Supreme Entity (God) • Developed towards the end of the 12th century through Jayadeva’s composition of the Gita Govinda (around 1178 AD) • These are Sanskrit love poems saturated with madhura bhava (high state of devotional sentiment and Divine Love) Kiirtan Songs • During the 15th century Dwija Chandidas (1390 -1450) advocated Krishna kiirtans • These are songs in praise of Lord Krishna as the incarnation of the Supreme