CIENSlJJS Of DNDIA
1971
PUNJAB
BRIEF NOTES ON MOTHER TONGUES (Based on 1961 Returns)
By 315.455 R. C. NIGAM
1971 ~NT REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA IF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA Mot Ton (LANGUAGE DIVISION) LIST OF MOTHER-TONGUES (1961)
PUNJAB
SI. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets
1 2 3 4
Adivasi ( Adibasi, Could be helpful if ~J(.ci Adiwasi) fic tribal/community name could be linked up with mother-tongue name.
'2 AfghanijKabuli/ ~GorTol t~T~:81 jU'tl"3.' Pakhto/Pashto/ u;:;i'a!uo Tol Pathani 3 African Return is after the name of the continent. Spe cificmother-tongue names will have to be as certained. 4 Aia Alam Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 5 Almori
6 Anal "POC3
7 Arabic/Arbi »{CI~l In 1961 Census some Urdu speakers also had returned Arabic/ Arbi as their mother- tongue.
S Assamese ( Assami) WF[ll-il
9 Awadhi { Avadi) »{~l
10 Baghelkhandi ~ti18ci~1 (Bhugelkhud) 2
SI. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4
11 Bagri ( Bagari, Bagria, Bahgri )
12 Bagri-Rajasthani ~TaJ~l-'aTtlRe: T'()l
13 Bahawalpuri ~T~'Sy''al
14 Baliai ( BaHam) e 81",,1 E1
15 Balochi/Baluchi ri~l
16 Bangaru ( Bangru, ~taJil. If returned again in Banger, Bangri) 1971, then location of speakers at the village level need be specified.
17 Baori (Bawria, ~l){a1 The name of at least Bawaria, Boari, one village of their Boria) concentration from the state will be required to be noted.
18 Bashahri (Bhashehri. ~ij~al In 1961 Census was Bushaitlari) grouped with Kiunthali.
19 Belgian ~c5tr1llio The Mother-tongue re turn is after the name of the country. Speci fic language name viz•• Dutch or Flemish. French. etc., as Mother tongue return would be more useful. 20 Bengali ( BangIa. Bangali)·
21 Bhadrawahi (BhadarwaIi)
22 Bhandari (Bandari) e~TOl In 1961 Census was grouped with Marathi. 23 Bharati (Bharti) . . 'BTOal More specific Mother tongue will have to be ascertained. 3
Sl. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4
24 Bharmauri/Gaddi ~"roHol (Oadi)
25 Bhattiani (Bhatwan) ~fC>l-{lo1
26 Bhili ~l81
27 Bhojpuri (Bajpuri) ~iit101 28 Bhopali Appears to have been returned after the name of the city of Bhopal to which the individual might have belonged. So actual Mother-tongue name need be ascer tained. 29 Bhotia-Unspecified It would be better if (Bhodi, Bhoti) specific Mother-tongue names are available. Even specific tribal/ community name of Bhotia group will be helpful. 30 Bhutani 31 Bihari Blanket sort of name covering well known languages like Maithili, Bhojpuri, Majahi etc. 32 Bodo/Boro ai/aa 33 BoIti Zaban aB"3'l 'HaTo Unclassified in 1961 Cen sus will need scrutiny. 34 Braj Bhasha/ Braj Bhakha (Brij) 35 Bundelkhandi 36 Burmese 4
SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets
2 4
37 Cambodian If returned again then it may have to be ascertained whether French is meant.
"18 CanadhL'1 .. ~~hro Name after a country where French and English arc official languages.
19 Canter If returned again loca tion of speakers at village level need be specified.
40 Chamrali In 1961 Census was group cd cr..der Hirdi.
41 Changru If returned again loca tion of speakers at village level need be specified.
42 Chibhah 43 Chinese/Chini 44 Coorgi/Kodagu (Khurgi, Kurgu, Kurug, Coorgie)
45 Danish 46 Derawa]
47 DeswaIi/Hariani .. BtRTP;l/<:rfcr);fT'Ol Location of speakers at village level need be specified.
4~ Dogri 49 Dutch 5
SI. Name of Mother- Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets
1 2 3 4 50 Dwed Boli Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need scrutiny. 51 English Ilfora til 52 French GotH1Hl
53 Garhwali (GadwaJi, or3~T'Bl Ghadawad, Godhwali)
54 Garo OTT~ 55 German :;:JOH()l 56 Goanese (Goawari, c!pw()l Goani, Goan) 57 Gohari Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur ther scrutiny. ~ 58 Gorkhali ( Gorkhi).. o1ClI::(18"l Nepali and Gorkhali figures may be collec tively represented. 59 Greek l:i!()T()l
60 Gujarati (Gujrati) ~;:ro131 61 Gujjari O],;:rol
62 Himachali Name after a state where several known dialects are spoken.
63 Hindi
64 Hindko (Hind-Co)
65 Hindusthani
66 Ho 6
Sl. Name of Mothar Name ofLocal Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets ..,
1 2 3 4 67 Indonesian A general name for broad geographical area where known languages like Javanese, Balinese, Batak etc. are spoken. 68 Irish )){fOl3'
69 Italian fecT~' 70 Jabakhri ;:(l=£T1:Iol Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur ther scrutiny.
71 Jadeji 72 Japanese 73 Jati (Jattia) Will need further scru tiny.
74 Jatki-Punjabi 75 Jhangi (Jhang) Was grouped under Punjabi in 1961 Census.
76 Jokhri ;11:101 Was unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur ther scrutiny.
77 Kachchhi (Kachi) . . Cf6:1 78 Kalazan Was unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 79 Kamari ofl-Jl-al 80 Kanashi , 01''011:11
81 Kanauri fq~ol
82 Kangali (Kengali) 0I'~orT'81 Will need scrutiny. 83 Kangri 7
SI. Name of Mother- Name of Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets
1 2 3 4
I 84 Kanki Unclassified in 1961 ~I Census. Will need further scrutiny. 8S Kannada ( Kanarsi, C!t'O;S Kanari, Kanarese, Kanadi, Conrise, Kanada, Kanad, Kanruse, Canarese, Canari, Canarise)
86 Kantari If returned again loca tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 87 Karandgam If returned again loca tion of speakers at village level need be specified. 88 Kashmiri 89 Khandeshi Khandeshi is the name of a district (former) only. Actual Mother tongue name need be ascertained. 90 Kharia 91 Khasi 92 Koukani ( Kokini Kokoni, Kookni, Koukini)
93 Kuki-Unspecified Speci,fic tribal/conunu- nit:y name may have to be linked up.
94 Kului ( Kulvi, 'C!:~1 Manali) ~ 9S Kumauni ( Kumaoni, EiHGl Kamauni) 8
Si. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets
1 2 3 4
96 Kundh Unclassified in 196 1 Census. Will nee d further scrutiny. 97 Ladakhi 98 Lahori Name after Lahore a city in Pakistan. Will need scrutiny. 99 Lahuli «(I Lahanli, Lahouli)J lOll Lande( Landay, Will need scrutiny. Landey, Lenda~) 101 Loasia Unclassi,ficd in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny.
102 Lushai/Mizo liE~l
103 Madrasi HBcJTl11 A blanlect sort of name covering known lan- guages like Tamil, Telugu, MaJayalam, Kannad, Tulu etc. 104 Maithili (Maestbialia) Hers', u 105 Malabar Mother tongue name after a Geographical area indicating Tamil or Malayalam.
106 Matai/MalayfMalaya/ H~IE11 Malayan 107 Malani 01 108 MaJayalaru (Malayalam, Malayami, Malyalam) 109 Mandeali 9
Sl. Name of Mother. Name of Local Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets
2 4 110 ManipurifMeithei
111 Mar Unclassified lJ1 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 112 Marathi (Maharathi, HOI01 Maharashtri)
113 Marwari HTo~r;3"1 114 MateH If returned aguin loca tion 0 f speake rs at village level need be specified.
115 M a thu ri Hliol
116 Mewari H~''Sl
117 Mewati ( Mawati) H~T31 118 Multani l:(B3'o1
119 Mundari ( Mumari, H.~Tol Mandari) 120 Nagari·Hindi otOTol/fti'-e-l If returned again only Hindi as Mother tongue name will be sufficient.
121 Neglo ~orEi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 122 Nepali fmllBl-1 Gorkhali and Nepali figures may be collec tively represented.
123 Odanwali €~o~lC?l If returned again local· tiou of speakers at village level need be specified. 124 Oriya (Odia, ~'Sl))iT Orissa, Oria, Oris, Orria, Orrian, Orriya, Urria) 10
S1. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets
1 2 3 4
125 Padari (Paddri) tlt!'al
126 Pahari-Unspecified tI~Jlsl Specific name of the spoken dialects would be more helpfut
127 "Pangwali
128 Pattani (paton) If returned again lOca tion of speakers at village level need be specified.
129 Persian In 1961 Census some Urdu speakers also re turned Persian as their mother tongue. 130 Peshawari (Peshori) ftl"RT~o'
131 Portuguese l;!03OTT81
132 Pothwari (Pathibari, tIO~ral Pathohari)
133 Punjabi
134 Purbi (Poorbi) 'Purbi' meaning the east or 'Off the "east' is a general name. Actual Mother tongue name need be ascer tained.
135 Rajasthani
136 Ramdasi UnClassified in 1961 Census. Will Dced further scrutiny.
137 Rathauri
138 Roman Name of a Script. Also Italian could be meant.
139 Rovabi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will Deed further scrutiny. 11
S1. Name of Mother Name in Local Comment, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 140 Russian iiRl. 141 Sairi Hal If returned again loca tion of speakers at village level need be specified .. 142 Sankara If returned again loca tion of speakers at vill age level need be speci fied. 143 Sanskrit Sanskrit as a Mother tongue return need be taken with certain amount of reserve since there is no information of this language being a current spoken form. 144 Santali (Santhiali, Sentali)
145 Sasi Unclassified in 1961 Census. Win need fur ther scrutiny.
146 Serna (Seema) Rl-II
147 Sikkim Bhotia fRcrl-liel~' 148 Sindhi fRlll 149 SiraJi-Inner Siraji fRo'ffl (Serji, Seraja) 150 Spanish HUnl 151 Spiti ( Spitian, mita-l Spittian)
152 Swedish R~l~ol
153 Tamil 3'H'B'
154 Tandil cn~8 Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need fur- ther scrutiny. 12
SI. Name of Mother Name of Local Comments, if any No. tongues with variant Script spellings in brackets
1 2 4 155 Tankera Unclassified in 1901 Census. Will need fur ther scrutiny. 156 Telugu ( Talangi, 38d,! TcJing~, Telgu)
157 Tibbetan ( Tibate, f3'831 Tibetan, 'tibbett, Tibittan, Tibitan, Tibbti, Dalai, Tibtian, Tibtian, Tibtian, Tibati, Tibitian
158 Tulu (Tilu) 3'C!?cc 159 Turkish/Turkistani ~oCl1 Returns should be re corded against these two names separately. 160 Urdu ~o~ 161 Yahudi f List of mother tongues (lliadi-Devoagari script) 13 PUNJAB llff~'IT~ \lsf~ 'qj'fftft/ifTi{vtt IrrtRft I~ 'ii:rn:1 iAl llr~ itCfil 'l"{iI'Wt/~ l1'~"q 'fTiim;ft 'fT~ "l~~~r 1l)!m.;ft 'if)fcqr 1J,et;fi fir(n:l mtJfitft iIf~.m 'IifflTflr/l GnrJ1l'T ii1;:iqit ~ Cfi44ilF1q-. ;f.~~ ,"",l:rqfr ~~ f~lRfi 15 1~ :q~"f)\n /' 'Jim Iif; )~'l~ ~) i'frrw ~1J~T;lf«tr"f iu ~~~/Qf~·n"fT ~CTf~lA' g)if" i~ crT~') ~qT<'fT iiij~'T/~i'(f~lIl ;;fTcf. q;ffl\'~Tli:q ;;rGcf>T-~;;rrq) ~.m;fr iHqr mu ~)is~T ;;r~ "ll:;;'Cft ;r)mii)\f/ifTmif'T Cfi'm'::ur.r ~f1t~') llfil:rn:T if)-(v1\iT llfi"l'f!1fi it... fCfi'iifR'T ~~tar ~~"t lifflmrrr 'ilj1J~'T tl':S~T... ~) fj{1{Tw llfi;:;;~ fijicfi cficT~) f~) ~Q~ifJr 17 Q,-!1ifr("1 Ff '(. ~Fr~!Jfr lf~r?ir ~rfsrrT l1R"I'T'5.'r ~n:fr l1Tt~) 'll-f'fl"i'f1 l1T~~r ,!:er,r ;:j'crrit ~~~ ~ ~+rrzfrrr lf~ffTrr1 " ~'Ef 1~T~"'r o/f~~r '1'T~T-f~~r ~T~h:r mij~r rfq-T~1 ... iif~~ q)~crr~r {:f)mf~r :3f~~T ~m~/fl1'iiJ {r~r-:r lJ~rnr ITifTWT lTf~;;;ff q·rrqT~T l1mqr~ ~crrT ;rn'l1IlJ~T<:f /~lfT tfin:«T /G'"{fWlfCf m:fT