Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax by Mark Turin and Bettina Zeisler, Eds.; Reviewed by Elena Bashir
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
(And Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages
CoRSAL Symposium, University of North Texas, November 17, 2017 Existing (and Potential) Language and Linguistic Resources on South Asian Languages Elena Bashir, The University of Chicago Resources or published lists outside of South Asia Digital Dictionaries of South Asia in Digital South Asia Library (dsal), at the University of Chicago. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ . Some, mostly older, not under copyright dictionaries. No corpora. Digital Media Archive at University of Chicago https://dma.uchicago.edu/about/about-digital-media-archive Hock & Bashir (eds.) 2016 appendix. Lists 9 electronic corpora, 6 of which are on Sanskrit. The 3 non-Sanskrit entries are: (1) the EMILLE corpus, (2) the Nepali national corpus, and (3) the LDC-IL — Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Languages Focus on Pakistan Urdu Most work has been done on Urdu, prioritized at government institutions like the Center for Language Engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology in Lahore (CLE). Text corpora: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/index.htm (largest is a 1 million word Urdu corpus from the Urdu Digest. Work on Essential Urdu Linguistic Resources: http://www.cle.org.pk/eulr/ Tagset for Urdu corpus: http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2014/The%20CLE%20Urdu%20POS%20Tagset.pdf Urdu OCR: http://cle.org.pk/clestore/urduocr.htm Sindhi Sindhi is the medium of education in some schools in Sindh Has more institutional backing and consequent research than other languages, especially Panjabi. Sindhi-English dictionary developed jointly by Jennifer Cole at the University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign and Sarmad Hussain at CLE (http://182.180.102.251:8081/sed1/homepage.aspx). -
Vocabulary of Shingnyag Tibetan: a Dialect of Amdo Tibetan Spoken in Lhagang, Khams Minyag
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Prometheus-Academic Collections Asian and African Languages and Linguistics No.11, 2017 Vocabulary of Shingnyag Tibetan: A Dialect of Amdo Tibetan Spoken in Lhagang, Khams Minyag Suzuki, Hiroyuki IKOS, Universitetet i Oslo / National Museum of Ethnology Sonam Wangmo IKOS, Universitetet i Oslo Lhagang Town, located in Kangding Municipality, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, is inhabited by many Tibetan pastoralists speaking varieties which are similar to Amdo Tibetan even though it is located at the Minyag Rabgang region of Khams, based on the Tibetan traditional geography. Among the multiple varieties spoken by inhabitants living in Lhagang Town, the Shingyag dialect is spoken in the south-western part of the town. It is somewhat different from other Amdo varieties spoken in Lhagang Town in the phonetic and phonological aspects. This article provides a word list with ca. 1500 words of Shingnyag Tibetan. Keywords: Amdo Tibetan, Minyag Rabgang, dialectology, migration pattern 1. Introduction 2. Phonological overview of Shingnyag Tibetan 3. Principal phonological features of Shingnyag Tibetan 1. Introduction This article aims to provide a word list (including ca. 1500 entries) with a phonological sketch of Shingnyag Tibetan, spoken in Xiya [Shing-nyag]1 Hamlet, located in the south-western part of Tagong [lHa-sgang] Town (henceforth Lhagang Town), Kangding [Dar-mdo] Municipality, Ganzi [dKar-mdzes] Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China (see Figure 1). Lhagang Town is in the easternmost part of Khams based on the traditional Tibetan geography, however, it is inhabited by many Tibetans whose mother tongue is Amdo Tibetan.2 Referring to Qu and Jin (1981), we can see that it is already known that Amdo-speaking Tibetans live in Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Sonam Wangmo. -
THE PHONOLOGY of the VERBAL PHRASE in HINDKO Submitted By
THE PHONOLOGY OF THE VERBAL PHRASE IN HINDKO submitted by ELAHI BAKHSH AKHTAR AWAN FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE OF Ph.D. at the UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 1974 ProQuest Number: 10672820 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672820 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 acknowledgment I wish to express my profound sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my supervisor Dr. R.K. Sprigg. But for his advice, suggestions, constructive criticism and above all unfailing kind ness at all times this thesis could not have been completed. In addition, I must thank my wife Riaz Begum for her help and encouragement during the many months of preparation. CONTENTS Introduction i Chapter I Value of symbols used in this thesis 1 1 .00 Introductory 1 1.10 I.P.A. Symbols 1 1.11 Other symbols 2 Chapter II The Verbal Phrase and the Verbal Word 6 2.00 Introductory 6 2.01 The Sentence 6 2.02 The Phrase 6 2.10 The Verbal Phra.se 7 2.11 Delimiting the Verbal Phrase 7 2.12 Place of the Verbal Phrase 7 2.121 -
English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications
Journal of Education & Social Sciences Vol. 5(1): 52-67, 2017 DOI: 10.20547/jess0421705104 English Language in Pakistan: Expansion and Resulting Implications Syeda Bushra Zaidi ∗ Sajida Zaki y Abstract: From sociolinguistic or anthropological perspective, Pakistan is classified as a multilingual context with most people speaking one native or regional language alongside Urdu which is the national language. With respect to English, Pakistan is a second language context which implies that the language is institutionalized and enjoying the privileged status of being the official language. This thematic paper is an attempt to review the arrival and augmentation of English language in Pakistan both before and after its creation. The chronological description is carried out in order to identify the consequences of this spread and to link them with possible future developments and implications. Some key themes covered in the paper include a brief historical overview of English language from how it was introduced to the manner in which it has developed over the years especially in relation to various language and educational policies. Based on the critical review of the literature presented in the paper there seems to be no threat to English in Pakistan a prediction true for the language globally as well. The status of English, as it globally elevates, will continue spreading and prospering in Pakistan as well enriching the Pakistani English variety that has already born and is being studied and codified. However, this process may take long due to the instability of governing policies and law-makers. A serious concern for researchers and people in general, however, will continue being the endangered and indigenous varieties that may continue being under considerable pressure from the prestigious varieties. -
Map by Steve Huffman; Data from World Language Mapping System
Svalbard Greenland Jan Mayen Norwegian Norwegian Icelandic Iceland Finland Norway Swedish Sweden Swedish Faroese FaroeseFaroese Faroese Faroese Norwegian Russia Swedish Swedish Swedish Estonia Scottish Gaelic Russian Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Latvia Latvian Scots Denmark Scottish Gaelic Danish Scottish Gaelic Scottish Gaelic Danish Danish Lithuania Lithuanian Standard German Swedish Irish Gaelic Northern Frisian English Danish Isle of Man Northern FrisianNorthern Frisian Irish Gaelic English United Kingdom Kashubian Irish Gaelic English Belarusan Irish Gaelic Belarus Welsh English Western FrisianGronings Ireland DrentsEastern Frisian Dutch Sallands Irish Gaelic VeluwsTwents Poland Polish Irish Gaelic Welsh Achterhoeks Irish Gaelic Zeeuws Dutch Upper Sorbian Russian Zeeuws Netherlands Vlaams Upper Sorbian Vlaams Dutch Germany Standard German Vlaams Limburgish Limburgish PicardBelgium Standard German Standard German WalloonFrench Standard German Picard Picard Polish FrenchLuxembourgeois Russian French Czech Republic Czech Ukrainian Polish French Luxembourgeois Polish Polish Luxembourgeois Polish Ukrainian French Rusyn Ukraine Swiss German Czech Slovakia Slovak Ukrainian Slovak Rusyn Breton Croatian Romanian Carpathian Romani Kazakhstan Balkan Romani Ukrainian Croatian Moldova Standard German Hungary Switzerland Standard German Romanian Austria Greek Swiss GermanWalser CroatianStandard German Mongolia RomanschWalser Standard German Bulgarian Russian France French Slovene Bulgarian Russian French LombardRomansch Ladin Slovene Standard -
Himalayan Languages and Linguistics Copyright © 2011
Himalayan Languages and Linguistics Copyright © 2011. BRILL. All rights reserved. © 2011. BRILL. All Copyright Himalayan Languages and Linguistics : Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax, BRILL, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ubc/detail.action?docID=737786. Created from ubc on 2018-10-08 17:34:10. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library Edited by Henk Blezer Alex McKay Charles Ramble Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region Edited by George L. Van Driem VOLUME 5/12 Copyright © 2011. BRILL. All rights reserved. © 2011. BRILL. All Copyright Himalayan Languages and Linguistics : Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax, BRILL, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ubc/detail.action?docID=737786. Created from ubc on 2018-10-08 17:34:10. Himalayan Languages and Linguistics Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax Edited by Mark Turin and Bettina Zeisler Copyright © 2011. BRILL. All rights reserved. © 2011. BRILL. All Copyright LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Himalayan Languages and Linguistics : Studies in Phonology, Semantics, Morphology and Syntax, BRILL, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ubc/detail.action?docID=737786. Created from ubc on 2018-10-08 17:34:10. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISSN 1568-6183 ISBN 978 90 04 19448 9 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
Map by Steve Huffman Data from World Language Mapping System 16
Tajiki Tajiki Tajiki Shughni Southern Pashto Shughni Tajiki Wakhi Wakhi Wakhi Mandarin Chinese Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Wakhi Domaaki Sanglechi-Ishkashimi Khowar Khowar Khowar Kati Yidgha Eastern Farsi Munji Kalasha Kati KatiKati Phalura Kalami Indus Kohistani Shina Kati Prasuni Kamviri Dameli Kalami Languages of the Gawar-Bati To rw al i Chilisso Waigali Gawar-Bati Ushojo Kohistani Shina Balti Parachi Ashkun Tregami Gowro Northwest Pashayi Southwest Pashayi Grangali Bateri Ladakhi Northeast Pashayi Southeast Pashayi Shina Purik Shina Brokskat Aimaq Parya Northern Hindko Kashmiri Northern Pashto Purik Hazaragi Ladakhi Indian Subcontinent Changthang Ormuri Gujari Kashmiri Pahari-Potwari Gujari Bhadrawahi Zangskari Southern Hindko Kashmiri Ladakhi Pangwali Churahi Dogri Pattani Gahri Ormuri Chambeali Tinani Bhattiyali Gaddi Kanashi Tinani Southern Pashto Ladakhi Central Pashto Khams Tibetan Kullu Pahari KinnauriBhoti Kinnauri Sunam Majhi Western Panjabi Mandeali Jangshung Tukpa Bilaspuri Chitkuli Kinnauri Mahasu Pahari Eastern Panjabi Panang Jaunsari Western Balochi Southern Pashto Garhwali Khetrani Hazaragi Humla Rawat Central Tibetan Waneci Rawat Brahui Seraiki DarmiyaByangsi ChaudangsiDarmiya Western Balochi Kumaoni Chaudangsi Mugom Dehwari Bagri Nepali Dolpo Haryanvi Jumli Urdu Buksa Lowa Raute Eastern Balochi Tichurong Seke Sholaga Kaike Raji Rana Tharu Sonha Nar Phu ChantyalThakali Seraiki Raji Western Parbate Kham Manangba Tibetan Kathoriya Tharu Tibetan Eastern Parbate Kham Nubri Marwari Ts um Gamale Kham Eastern -
Tibet's Minority Languages-Diversity and Endangerment
Tibet’s minority languages: Diversity and endangerment Short title: Tibet’s minority languages Authors: GERALD ROCHE (Asia Institute, University of Melbourne, [email protected])* HIROYUKI SUZUKI (IKOS, University of Oslo, [email protected]) Abstract Asia is the world’s most linguistically diverse continent, and its diversity largely conforms to established global patterns that correlate linguistic diversity with biodiversity, latitude, and topography. However, one Asian region stands out as an anomaly in these patterns—Tibet, which is often portrayed as linguistically homogenous. A growing body of research now suggests that Tibet is linguistically diverse. In this article, we examine this literature in an attempt to quantify Tibet’s linguistic diversity. We focus on the minority languages of Tibet—languages that are neither Chinese nor Tibetan. We provide five different estimates of how many minority languages are spoken in Tibet. We also interrogate these sources for clues about language endangerment among Tibet’s minority languages, and propose a sociolinguistic categorization of Tibet’s minority languages that enables broad patterns of language endangerment to be perceived. Appendices include lists of the languages identified in each of our five estimates, along with references to key sources on each language. Our survey found that as many as 60 minority languages may be spoken in Tibet, and that the majority of these languages are endangered to some degree. We hope out contribution inspires further research into the predicament of Tibet’s minority languages, and helps support community efforts to maintain and revitalize these languages. NB: This is the post-review version of the paper submitted to the journal Modern Asian Studies, accepted for publication in June 2016, to appear in late 2017. -
(In)Stability in Hindu Kush Indo-Aryan Languages Henrik Liljegren Stockholm University
Chapter 10 Gender typology and gender (in)stability in Hindu Kush Indo-Aryan languages Henrik Liljegren Stockholm University This paper investigates the phenomenon of gender as it appears in 25 Indo-Aryan languages (sometimes referred to as “Dardic”) spoken in the Hindu Kush-Karako- rum region – the mountainous areas of northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pak- istan and the disputed territory of Kashmir. Looking at each language in terms of the number of genders present, to what extent these are sex-based or non-sex- based, how gender relates to declensional differences, and what systems of assign- ment are applied, we arrive at a micro-typology of gender in Hindu Kush Indo- Aryan, including a characterization of these systems in terms of their general com- plexity. Considering the relatively close genealogical ties, the languages display a number of unexpected and significant differences. While the inherited sex-based gender system is clearly preserved in most of the languages, and perhaps even strengthened in some, it is curiously missing altogether in others (such as in Kalasha and Khowar) or seems to be subject to considerable erosion (e.g. in Dameli). That the languages of the latter kind are all found at the northwestern outskirts ofthe Indo-Aryan world suggests non-trivial interaction with neighbouring languages without gender or with markedly different assignment systems. In terms of com- plexity, the southwestern-most corner of the region stands out; here we find a few languages (primarily belonging to the Pashai group) that combine inherited sex- based gender differentiation with animacy-related distinctions resulting in highly complex agreement patterns. -
Fusion, Exponence, and Flexivity in Hindukush Languages
Fusion, exponence, and flexivity in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Hanna Rönnqvist Department of Linguistics Independent Project for the Degree of Master 30 HE credits General Linguistics Spring term 2015 Supervisor: Henrik Liljegren Examiner: Henrik Liljegren Fusion, exponence, and flexivity in Hindukush languages An areal-typological study Hanna Rönnqvist Abstract Surrounding the Hindukush mountain chain is a stretch of land where as many as 50 distinct languages varieties of several language meet, in the present study referred to as “The Greater Hindukush” (GHK). In this area a large number of languages of at least six genera are spoken in a multi-linguistic setting. As the region is in part characterised by both contact between languages as well as isolation, it constitutes an interesting field of study of similarities and diversity, contact phenomena and possible genealogical connections. The present study takes in the region as a whole and attempts to characterise the morphology of the many languages spoken in it, by studying three parameters: phonological fusion, exponence, and flexivity in view of grammatical markers for Tense-Mood-Aspect, person marking, case marking, and plural marking on verbs and nouns. The study was performed with the perspective of areal typology, employed grammatical descriptions, and was in part inspired by three studies presented in the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS). It was found that the region is one of high linguistic diversity, even if there are common traits, especially between languages of closer contact, such as the Iranian and the Indo-Aryan languages along the Pakistani-Afghan border where purely concatenative formatives are more common. -
Brief Notes on Mother Tongues , Punjab
CIENSlJJS Of DNDIA 1971 PUNJAB BRIEF NOTES ON MOTHER TONGUES (Based on 1961 Returns) By 315.455 R. C. NIGAM 1971 ~NT REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA IF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA Mot Ton (LANGUAGE DIVISION) LIST OF MOTHER-TONGUES (1961) PUNJAB SI. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 Adivasi ( Adibasi, Could be helpful if ~J(.ci Adiwasi) fic tribal/community name could be linked up with mother-tongue name. '2 AfghanijKabuli/ ~GorTol t~T~:81 jU'tl"3.' Pakhto/Pashto/ u;:;i'a!uo Tol Pathani 3 African Return is after the name of the continent. Spe cificmother-tongue names will have to be as certained. 4 Aia Alam Unclassified in 1961 Census. Will need further scrutiny. 5 Almori 6 Anal "POC3 7 Arabic/Arbi »{CI~l In 1961 Census some Urdu speakers also had returned Arabic/ Arbi as their mother- tongue. S Assamese ( Assami) WF[ll-il 9 Awadhi { Avadi) »{~l 10 Baghelkhandi ~ti18ci~1 (Bhugelkhud) 2 SI. Name of Mother Name in Local Comments, if any No. tongues with Script variant spellings in brackets 1 2 3 4 11 Bagri ( Bagari, Bagria, Bahgri ) 12 Bagri-Rajasthani ~TaJ~l-'aTtlRe: T'()l 13 Bahawalpuri ~T~'Sy''al 14 Baliai ( BaHam) e 81",,1 E1 15 Balochi/Baluchi ri~l 16 Bangaru ( Bangru, ~taJil. If returned again in Banger, Bangri) 1971, then location of speakers at the village level need be specified. 17 Baori (Bawria, ~l){a1 The name of at least Bawaria, Boari, one village of their Boria) concentration from the state will be required to be noted. -
Of Cold Countries
of Cold Countries iy hifcvests, sometimes moneylenders, £ sometimes calamities, self-styled masters arrive. to hate my torrid country, i dry my wet clothes in these courtyards let me plant gold wheat in its fields let me quench my thirst at its rivers let me rest beneath the shade of its trees .let me wear its dust and wrap its distances around me i«: The sun and you can not walk side by side. The sun has chosen me for company. J Kishwar Nahecd, translated by Rukhsana Ahmad. Introduction ocated in the north-west of the South LAsian sub-continent, Pakistan is a relatively new political entity. Comprising four provinces (North West Frontier Province, Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan) and the tribal areas, northern areas, and the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan represents a great diversity of topography, bio- climates, peoples, and cultures. The rural-urban division is sharp, as are the disparities between the rich and the poor. The land was the home of ancient civilisations and the meeting point of great cultures: Buddhist, Greek, Muslim, and Hindu. Consequently, Pakistan has a rich heritage of architecture, folklore, art, and music. Its people share the common traits of hospitality, warmth, and Village in Sindh province. Life in the villages of Pakistan has changed friendliness, and a strong sense of dignity. little over the centuries. Born in the ferment of change that accompanied the collapse of colonialism, Pakistan is still a society in transition. Busy street scene in Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. Older forms of economic, social, and political organisation are under challenge, while new ones have yet to evolve.