Repositorio De La Universidad De Zaragoza – Zaguan

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Repositorio De La Universidad De Zaragoza – Zaguan Trabajo Fin de Grado Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. Autor Pablo Vicario Valdés. Directores Joaquín Mur Amada. Eloy Teruel Gómez. Centro Universitario de la Defensa-Academia General Militar Año 2015 Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. C.A.C. Pablo Vicario Valdés Agradecimientos: Me gustaría, en primer lugar, agradecer la ayuda prestada por ambos directores para realizar este trabajo fin de grado. Primero agradecer al director militar, Eloy Teruel Gómez la ayuda prestada durante los casi dos meses de prácticas externas. A continuación al director académico, Joaquín Mur Amada por la ayuda prestada para realizar y poder finalizar este trabajo fin de grado. También debo agradecer tanto al Centro Universitario de la Defensa como al Regimiento de Caballería España 11 la oportunidad que me han prestado para realizar este trabajo fin de grado. 1 Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. C.A.C Pablo Vicario Valdés. Índice. LISTA DE TABLAS Y FIGURAS. ................................................................................................................. 3 1. INTRODUCCIÓN. .......................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. OBJETIVOS Y ALCANCE DEL PROYECTO................................................................................................... 5 2. PRESENTACIÓN. ............................................................................................................................. 5 3. ANTECEDENTES. ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.1. MODELOS CIVILES. ........................................................................................................................... 5 3.2. VEHÍCULOS DE COMBATE. .................................................................................................................. 7 3.3. VEHÍCULOS DE COMBATE EN EL EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA. .............................................................................. 9 4. ESTADO DEL ARTE........................................................................................................................ 10 4.1. VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS COMERCIALES. .................................................................................................. 10 4.2. VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS MILITARES. ...................................................................................................... 10 4.2.1. Humvee FED (fuel effiecient demonstrator) Bravo. .......................................................... 11 4.2.2. Rooikat CVED (Combat Vehicle Electric Drive). ................................................................ 12 4.2.3. Programa APOP (Advanced Propulsion On board Program). ........................................... 13 4.2.4. Otros proyectos de vehículos de combate híbridos .......................................................... 13 4.3. OTRAS APLICACIONES QUE EMPLEAN LA TECNOLOGÍA HÍBRIDA. ................................................................ 14 4.3.1. Camiones de minería. ....................................................................................................... 14 4.3.2. Fragatas y grandes buques. ............................................................................................. 14 5. CARACTERÍSTICAS TÉCNICAS DEL VEHÍCULO DE COMBATE 8X8. .................................................. 15 5.1. ESTUDIO DE VOLUMEN Y PESOS DE LA BATERÍA. ......................................................................................... 15 Datos necesarios para realizar dichos cálculos. ................................................................................. 15 Conclusiones de dichos datos. ........................................................................................................... 17 6. ASPECTOS FUNDAMENTALES AFECTADOS POR LA HIBRIDIZACIÓN DE LOS VEHÍCULOS DE COMBATE RUEDAS. ............................................................................................................................. 17 6.1. LOGÍSTICA. ................................................................................................................................... 17 6.2. Estimación de ahorro de combustible con un sistema Start-Stop para un vehículo de combate. ............................................................................................................................................ 18 6.3. MANTENIMIENTO. ......................................................................................................................... 18 6.4. POLÍTICA MEDIOAMBIENTAL DEL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA. ..................................................................... 19 6.5. SEGURIDAD ENERGÉTICA. ................................................................................................................. 20 7. CONCLUSIONES. .......................................................................................................................... 20 8. BIBLIOGRAFÍA: ............................................................................................................................. 23 ANEXO 1: CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS. ..................................................................... 27 ANEXO 2: COMPONENTES DE LOS VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS. .................................................................... 31 ANEXO 3: ............................................................................................................................................. 34 ANEXO 4: ............................................................................................................................................. 40 2 Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. C.A.C. Pablo Vicario Valdés Lista de tablas y figuras. Tablas. Figuras. Tabla 1: Comparativa entre los principales Figura 1: Modelo Porsche Semper Vivus. vehículos 8x8. Tabla 2: Peso y volumen de las baterías de Figura 2: Autobús urbano híbrido. los vehículos 8x8. Tabla 3: Comparativa entre los diferentes Figura 3: Porsche Elephnat. sistemas. Figura 4: 2 VBCI (Vehículo Blindado de Combate de Infantería) en Afganistán. Tabla 4: Comparativa entre las diferentes Figura 5: Izquierda: VEC (Vehículo de formas de almacenar energía. combate de Caballería), Derecha: Panhard AML. Tabla 5.Comparativa entre los principales Figura 6: Humvee FED Bravo. tipos de batería. Tabla 6: Características de los diferentes Figura 7: Vehículo de combate Rooikat tipos de motores eléctricos. CVED. Figura 8: Explicación del concepto V2G (Vehicle to Grid). Tabla 7. Motores eléctricos empleados por Figura 9: Prototipo del vehículo 8x8 Toro. diferentes vehículos. Figura 10: Importaciones de gas y petróleo en el año 2014. Figura 11: Esquema de funcionamiento de un sistema híbrido en paralelo. Figura 12: Esquema de funcionamiento de un sistema híbrido. Figura 13: Esquema de funcionamiento de un sistema híbrido mixto. Figura 14: Vistas y medidas de un cazacarros Centauro B1. Figura 15: Vehículo Boxer. Figura 16: Vehículo AMV Patria. Figura 17: Vehículo blindado francés VBCI. Figura 18: Vehículo Piraña III. 3 Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. C.A.C Pablo Vicario Valdés. Resumen. Este trabajo fin de grado nace con el fin de estudiar los beneficios y las desventajas de la adquisición de un vehículo de combate 8x8 en su versión híbrida. En dicho proyecto, no se pretende diseñar ningún vehículo híbrido de combate pero sí se quieren analizar las razones por las cuales, los ejércitos de tierra de varios países están interesados en los vehículos híbridos. Y las causas por las que los vehículos híbridos de combate sólo existen actualmente como prototipos en fase de desarrollo. Para lo que se llevará a cabo un estudio del estado del arte tanto de los vehículos civiles como de los prototipos militares. A posteriori se analizará los puntos clave que se ven afectados por la adquisición de un vehículo híbrido, para finalmente obtener unas conclusiones a partir de estos puntos clave. Abstract. This Final Degree Project was born with the aim of studying the benefits and disadvantages of using an 8x8 hybrid combat vehicle. It is not part of this project to design a hybrid combat vehicle. But it will be analyzed why there are some countries that are interesting in their acquisition and also why there have been only developed few military prototypes, which are still in the first part of their design. To fulfill this project, it will be necessary to study the current state of art, not only the civil vehicle but also the military prototypes. After that, it will be studied the most important facts that are affected by using a hybrid vehicle as a result a conclusion will be done. 4 Viabilidad técnica de los vehículos de combate híbridos con ruedas. C.A.C. Pablo Vicario Valdés 1. Introducción. El presente proyecto está encuadrado dentro del Trabajo fin de Grado, asignatura de realización obligatoria para conseguir ser graduado de ingeniería de organización industrial. Los alumnos debieron escoger el título del trabajo entre los posibles temas, los cuales habían sido propuestos por las diferentes unidades de caballería o la academia de caballería. En este caso el título inicial de dicho trabajo era, “Motores híbridos. Aplicaciones militares”, y tras consultar con el director académico y con el director militar se decidió cambiar por el presente título,
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